閱讀全面突破之主旨大意題








主旨大意題考査學(xué)生把握全文主旨大意和中心思想的能力。做這類試題需要考生具有總體把探文章的能力，以及善于運(yùn)用判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的能力。主旨大意題一般對文章的主要內(nèi)容、中心思想、段落大意、標(biāo)題、寫作意圖等方面進(jìn)行考査。


從考查形勢上看，從原來簡單的主旨?xì)w納變得綜合性越來越強(qiáng)。同時(shí)文章的行文跳躍性較強(qiáng)，次序變化大，隱含信息增多。因此，主旨題的答案判斷的干擾性越來越強(qiáng)，不能直接根據(jù)主題句來判斷答案。未來對主旨大意題的考查數(shù)量和設(shè)題要求不會改變。








考法透析


主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生對所讀材料(或所讀材料片斷)中心思想的概括。做這類題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)通讀全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同時(shí)注意文章的主題句，因?yàn)橹黝}句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均圍繞主題句展開。主題句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有時(shí)也位于段落中間(通常是第一段或最后一段的中間)。主旨大意題的考查形式很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、段意、中心思想等。常見的設(shè)問方式有：


The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.


Which f the fllwing best states the theme f the passage?


In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.


The passage is mstly abut ________.


The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.


The tpic/subject discussed in this passage is ________.


The best title/headline fr this passage is ________.


The subject discussed in this text is ________.


The authr’s main purpse in writing the passage is t ________.


Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f the passage?


The purpse f this article is ________.


The main idea/key pint f this passage is that ________.





考點(diǎn)1 歸納段落大意


段落大意是指一篇文章各個(gè)段落的主要意思，是對一個(gè)段落的基本內(nèi)容的簡縮和初步的概括。概括段落大意時(shí)，一定要在把握全段或全文中心的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行，做到圍繞中心，注意連貫，同時(shí)，還要注意段落大意是否與全篇相稱。段落大意要用明確、完整、簡潔的語句表達(dá)。如：


…


I am nt special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when yu’re lking at a big challenge frm the utside it lks huge, but when yu’re in the midst f it, it just seems nrmal. Everything yu want wn’t arrive in yur life n ne day. It’s a prcess. Remember: little steps add up t big dreams.


What des the authr mstly want t tell us in the last paragraph?


A. Failure is the mther f success.


B. Little by little, ne ges far.


C. Every cin has tw sides.


D. Well begun, half dne.


【解析】主旨大意題——?dú)w納段落大意。本段最后一句話 Remember: little steps add up t big


dreams.體現(xiàn)了作者對于實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的看法。這句話與選項(xiàng)B含義一致，都是告訴我們：不積跬步，無以至千里。





考點(diǎn)2 概括文章主旨


文章的主旨是通過段落來表達(dá)的，而段落的大意主要由主題句來體現(xiàn)，所以段落的主題句是構(gòu)成文章中心思想的有機(jī)組成部分。因此，識別各段落的主題句并由此歸納出文章的中心思想是解答該類題的關(guān)鍵。


快速閱讀文章找出各個(gè)段落的主題句，把各個(gè)段落的主題句聯(lián)系起來并著眼全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排，就能概括出文章的中心。如：


Using t much water r thrwing rubbish int ur rivers are clear ways that humans can put ur water supply in danger, but we als affect ur water supply in less bvius ways. Yu may wnder hw paving（鋪砌） a rad can lead t less useable fresh water. A majr part f the water we use every day is grundwater. Grundwater des nt cme frm lakes r rivers. It cmes frm undergrund. The mre rads and parking lts we pave, the less water can flw int the grund t becme grundwater.


Human activity is nt respnsible fr all water shrtages（短缺）. Drier climates are f curse mre likely t have drughts（干早）than areas with mre rainfall, but in any case, gd management can help t make sure there is enugh water t meet ur basic needs.


Thinking abut the way we use water every day can make a big difference, t. In the United States, a family f fur can use 1. 5 tns f water a day! This shws hw much we depend n water t live, but there’s a lt we can d t lwer the number.


Yu can take steps t save water in yur hme. T start with, use the same glass fr yur drinking water all day. Wash it nly nce a day. Run yur dishwasher（洗碗機(jī)）nly when it is full. Help yur parents fix any leaks in yur hme. Yu can even help t keep ur water supply clean by recycling batteries instead f thrwing them away.


The text is mainly abut ________.


A. why paving rads reduces ur water


B. hw human activity affects ur water supply


C. why drughts ccur mre in dry climates


D. hw much we depend n water t live


【解析】主旨大意題一概括文章主旨。這篇短文主要描述了人類活動對于水供應(yīng)的隱形影響。hw human activity affects ur water supply“人類活動如何影響我們的水供應(yīng)”是本文的主皆。故選B項(xiàng)。





考點(diǎn)3 概括文章標(biāo)題


In 2012. the Twer f Lndn welcmed tw new inhabitants: a pair f ravens（烏鴉）named Jubilee and Grip. Their arrival celebrated the bicentenary（二百周年） f Charles Dickens’s birth. This Grip was the third f the Twer ravens t be named after the nvelist’s wn pet bird. One f his predecessrs（前輩）was resident during Wrld War II; he and his mate Mabel were the nly ravens t survive a bmbing attack n the Twer.


Dickens’s Grip, wh had an impressive vcabulary, appears as a character in the authrs fifth nvel, Barnaby Rudge. On January 28, 1841, Dickens wrte t his friend Gerge Cattermle: “my ntin is t have [Barnaby] always in cmpany with a pet raven, wh is immeasurably mre knwing than himself. T this end I have been studying my bird, and think I culd make a very distinctive character f him.”


Unfrtunately, just a few weeks after Dickens wrte that letter, Grip died, prbably as a result f having stlen and eaten paint sme mnths earlier. The bird had develped a strange habit— tearing sectins ff painted surfaces (including the family’s carriage) and even drinking a quantity f white paint ut f a tin. Dickens murned his lss and wrte a humrus letter t his friend, the illustratr Daniel Maclise, abut the raven’s death.


He related hw, when Grip began t shw signs f sickness, the vet was called and “administered a pwerful dse f castr（蓖麻）il”. Initially this seemed t have a psitive effect and the authr was thrilled t see Grip restred t his usual persnality when he bit the cachman (wh was used t the raven and tk it in gd humr). The fllwing mrning, Grip was able t eat “sme warm prridge”, but his recvery was shrt-lived.


As Dickens wrte t Maclise, “On the clck striking twelve he appeared slightly upset, but sn recvered, walking twice r thrice alng the cachhuse, stpped t bark, exclaimed ‘Hell ld girl’ (his favrite expressin) and died. He behaved thrughut with a decent manner, which cannt be t much admired…The children seem rather glad f it. He bit their ankles. But that was play.”


Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?


A. A bird in a nvel


B. The writer’s bird


C. The death f a bird


D. Dickens and his bird


【解析】主旨大意題——概括文章標(biāo)題。根文章的內(nèi)容和第一段的句子“In 2012. the Twer f Lndn welcmed tw new inhabitants: a pair f ravens named Jubilee and Grip. Their arrival celebrated the bicentenary f Charles Dickens’s birth.”可知，文章介紹倫敦塔迎來兩只烏鴉慶祝狄更斯的出生，然后介紹狄更斯的寵物烏鴉的獨(dú)特之處和它是怎么死的。所以用 The writer’s bird作為標(biāo)題比較合適。故選B項(xiàng)。雖然文中介紹了狄更斯寫的小說里的一只鳥，但這不是文章的主要內(nèi)容，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。雖然文中介紹了Grip是如何死亡的，但這不是文章的主要內(nèi)容，所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)課。文章主要側(cè)重于介紹狄更斯的鳥，對他本人沒有過多描寫，所D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。





方法攻略


1. 仔細(xì)審題，看好范圍


搞清楚是問某一段還是全文的主旨要義。正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)是：一般不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息；不含過于肯定或絕對的詞語。


2. 使用略讀，迅速將全段或全文瀏覽一遍


在閱讀中，應(yīng)盡量利用有關(guān)信息詞確定主題句的位置，比如在fr example， first， secnd等之前的句子中或在all in all，abve all之后的句子中尋找并確定。


3. 重視全文或所問段落的首句和尾句


段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句；作者有意識地反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)通常是主旨；首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對該問題的解答通常就是文章主旨；同時(shí)還要注意那些提出文章主旨時(shí)常伴有的單詞或短語提示：therefre，thus，but，hwever，in shrt等。


4. 進(jìn)行分析概括，準(zhǔn)確找出主旨要義


對于主題隱含的段落，要先弄清問題的意思然后快速通讀文章，逐項(xiàng)排除，最終確定答案。


5. 確認(rèn)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是否切中文章的中心論題


要從整篇文章出發(fā)歸納概括文章的標(biāo)題，防止本末倒置、主次不分，避免以點(diǎn)代面、以偏概全，這樣才能排除干擾，選出正確的答案。


6. 從選項(xiàng)入手


考生在提煉主旨或歸納標(biāo)題時(shí)，可以先從選項(xiàng)入手，找出其中的關(guān)鍵詞，然后再進(jìn)一步思考是否能概括段意或是文意，一定不能只看到主題詞就著急選擇，要看其側(cè)重點(diǎn)。


7. 錯(cuò)誤類型


標(biāo)題的選擇要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮這句話或短語與文章主題是否有密切的聯(lián)系，對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何，避免以下三種錯(cuò)誤：概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代替整體）；過度概括（多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍）；以事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)代替抽象概括的大意。








（高考真題）


Sme peple will d just abut anything t save mney. And I am ne f them. Take my family’s last vacatin fr example. It was my six-year-ld sn’s winter break frm schl, and we were heading hme frm Frt Lauderdale after a weeklng trip. The flight was verbked, and Delta, the airline, ffered us $400 per persn in credits t give up ur seats and leave the next day. I had a meeting in New Yrk, s I had t get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my sn culdn’t stay. S I tk ff fr hme.


The next day my husband and sn were ffered mre credits t take an even later flight. Yes, I encurage—kay, rdered—them t wait it ut at the airprt, t “earn” mre Delta Dllars. Our ttal take: $1,600. Nt bad, huh?


Nw sme peple may think I’m a bad mther and nt such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I knw the value f a dllar. And these days, a gd deal is smething few f us can affrd t pass up.


I’ve made living lking fr the best deals and expsing the wrst tricks. I have been the cnsumer reprter f NBC’s Tday shw fr ver a decade. I have written a lt f bks including ne titled Tricks f the Trade: A Cnsumer Survival Guide. And I really d what I believe in.


I tell yu this because there is n shame in getting yur mney’s wrth. I’m als tightfisted（小氣的）when it cmes t shes, clthes fr my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wuldn’t hesitate t spend n a gd haircut. It keeps its lnger, and it’s the first thing peple ntice. And I will als spend n a classic piece f furniture. Quality lasts.


1. Why did Delta give the authr’s family credits?


A. Their flight had been delayed.


B. They had early bkings.


C. They tk a later flight.


D. Their flight had been cancelled.


2. What can we learn abut the authr?


A. She is very strict with her children.


B. She seldm makes a cmprmise.


C. She is interested in cheap prducts.


D. She rarely misses a gd deal.


3. What des the authr d?


A. She’s a teacher.


B. She’s a husewife.


C. She’s a media persn.


D. She’s a businesswman.


4. What des the authr want t tell us?


A. Hw t expse bad tricks.


B. Hw t reserve airline seats.


C. Hw t spend mney wisely.


D. Hw t make a business deal.





【語篇解讀】本文通過敘述作者和家人乘坐晚點(diǎn)航班而獲得補(bǔ)償?shù)墓适玛U明了作者對于花錢購物的認(rèn)識。在作者看來，我們在花錢的時(shí)候要精打細(xì)算，做到花錢有所值，不能一味地追求享受而浪費(fèi)錢財(cái)。


1. C 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的The flight was verbked, and Delta, the airline, ffered us $400 per persn in credits t give up ur seats and leave the next day.可知，作者的航班被超額預(yù)訂，航空公司讓他們坐第二天的航班，同時(shí)給予補(bǔ)償。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤：他們原先預(yù)訂的航班照常離開，只是他們因坐不下而改乘另一航班；B項(xiàng)表示他們提前預(yù)訂了航班，但不是他們獲得補(bǔ)償?shù)脑?；D項(xiàng)中 cancelled表示航班被取消了，與事實(shí)不符。


2. D 解析：推理判斷題。從第三段中的“But as a big time bargain hunter…few f us can affrd t pass up.”可知作者很少會錯(cuò)過好交易，D項(xiàng)正確；B項(xiàng)中的 seldm與原文不符；C項(xiàng)中說她對廉價(jià)貨感興趣，本文主要表明作者希望花錢花得值，而不一定就是喜歡便宜貨，同時(shí)本文的最后一句話也對這個(gè)選項(xiàng)提供了相反的信息。


3. C 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的I have been the cnsumer reprter f NBC’s Tday shw fr ver a decade.可知，作者是NBC的一個(gè)記者，是從事媒體行業(yè)的，所以選C。A項(xiàng)“她是一個(gè)老師”，B項(xiàng)“她是一個(gè)家庭主婦”，D項(xiàng)“她是一個(gè)女商人”，這些與原文信息都不一致。


4. C 解析：主旨大意題。本文主要通過記敘作者和家人有一次度假旅游后由于航空公司超額售票而導(dǎo)致他們不得不放棄原來的航班而接受補(bǔ)償?shù)墓适?，引出了自己在花錢購物方面的認(rèn)識。她認(rèn)為我們花錢應(yīng)該有所值，花錢的時(shí)候要考慮所購買東西的價(jià)值，所以選C。A項(xiàng)表示“怎樣揭露詭計(jì)”，原文沒有信息支持；B項(xiàng)表示“怎樣預(yù)留航班座位”；D項(xiàng)表示“怎樣達(dá)成一個(gè)商業(yè)交易”，與本文的主要信息不一致。





閱讀全面突破之詞義猜測題





詞義猜測題是通過詞匯、詞義、句子與具體語境相結(jié)合來考查學(xué)生對語境、句意的準(zhǔn)確理解能力。詞猜測可以是對一個(gè)單詞的意義推斷，也可以是對一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子的意義推斷，既可以是生詞意義，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是對替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷。高考對詞義猜測題的考查相對比較穩(wěn)定，一般為1～2個(gè)，但近幾年難度略有增加，需要在復(fù)雜的句式中通過上下文綜合分析才能得出答案。








考法透析


猜詞是應(yīng)用英語語言的重要能力，也是高考中?？疾榈念}型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯?？忌ㄟ^構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、上下文等線索來猜測詞語的含義。


這類試題包括對生詞生義的推測、熟詞生義的推測以及對it/they/them等代詞的指代對象的判斷等。常見的設(shè)問方式有：


The wrd “…” refers t/means ________.


The underlined wrd “…” can be replaced by ________.


What d yu think the expressin “…” stands fr?


Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the wrd “…” ?


The wrd “it/them” in the first paragraph refers t ________.


The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ________.


Which f the fllwing wrds can take the place f the wrd “…” ?





考點(diǎn)1 考查生詞生義的推測


…


Once I had a by wh wrked experimentally with Tinkertys in his free time. His cnstructins filled shelf in the art classrm and a gd part f his bedrm at hme. I was delighted at the presence f such a student. Here was an exceptinally creative mind at wrk. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whse creativity wuld infect（感染）ther students.


Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare, “But I’m just nt creative.”


What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” prbably mean?


A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.


【解析】詞義猜測題。前文提到作者很喜愛這個(gè)學(xué)生，說這個(gè)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性能夠感染其他學(xué)生，下文說“冒著失去那些有不同的思考風(fēng)格的學(xué)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，根據(jù)語境前后的對比判斷，dwnside的含義應(yīng)該是 drawback“不利條件，缺點(diǎn)”，而不是mistake“錯(cuò)誤”，difficulty“困難”，burden“負(fù)擔(dān)”。故選B項(xiàng)。





考點(diǎn)2 考查熟詞生義的推測


熟詞生義是指以前學(xué)習(xí)過的單詞，它們的某些詞義考生已掌握，但在高考中又出現(xiàn)了新的詞義，如bk(預(yù)訂)， charge(指控)， acrss(在對面)，capital(資金)等，因而影響考生對題干乃至全文的正確理解，導(dǎo)致高考失分。如：


When I was 12, all I wanted was a signet （圖章）ring. They were the “in” thing and it seemed every girl except me had ne. On my 13th birthday, my mm gave me a signet ring with my initials（姓名首字母）carved int it. I was in heaven.


…


The underlined wrd “in” in the first paragraph prbably means ________.


A. fashinableB. availableC. practicalD. renewable


【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文 it seemed every girl except me had ne（除了我之外，似乎每個(gè)女孩子都擁有一枚）可推斷出，圖章戒指在當(dāng)時(shí)是非常時(shí)髦的(fashinable)東西。故選A項(xiàng)。





考點(diǎn)3 考查that/it/they/them等代詞的指代對象


一般來說，that，it，they，them等代詞可以指上文提到的人或物，其中that和it還可以指代一件事，有時(shí)指代的對象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，考生要認(rèn)真查找，有時(shí)還需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)才能得出代詞所指代的對象。因此，理解上下文(特別是上句)的意思和本句的意思是解題的關(guān)鍵。如：


…


Sparrw failed t grw fr anther tw years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearsn, decided t build up its market share. He did a survey, which shwed that cnsumers wh already used Sparrw restaurants were extremely psitive abut the chain, while custmers f ther fast-fd chains were unwilling t turn away frm them. Sparrw had t develp a new prmtinal campaign.


…


What des the underlined wrd “them” refer t?


A. Custmers f Sparrw restaurants.


B. Sparrw restaurants.


C. Custmers f ther fast-fd chains.


D. Other fast-fd chains.


【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子He did a survey, which shwed that cnsumers wh already used Sparrw restaurants were extremely psitive abut the chain, while custmers f ther fast-fd chains were unwilling t turn away frm them.可知，其他連鎖店的顧客不愿離開他們的連鎖店。此處，turn away frm表示“從……處走開”，所以frm之后應(yīng)該是主語的原始位置，故選D項(xiàng)。





考點(diǎn)4 考查具有隱含意義的句子


…


The seasns change just utside the dr. We watch the maples turn every shade f yellw and red in the fall and nte the pplars （楊樹）putting ut the first green leaves f spring. The rainbw smelt fills the lcal stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wd frgs start t sing in pls after being frzen fr the winter. A family f birds rules ur skies and flies ver the lake.


What des the underlined sentence mean?


A. The change f seasns is easily felt.


B. The seasns make the scenes change.


C. The weather ften changes in the frest.


D. The dr is a gd psitin t enjy changing seasns.


【解析】句義猜測題。本句話的意思是：季節(jié)的變化就在門外。后面具體描寫大自然是如何隨著季節(jié)變化的，因此可知作者一家貼近大自然，季節(jié)的變化是很容易被感覺到的。故選A項(xiàng)。


方法攻略


1. 通過定義猜測詞義


如果生詞后有一個(gè)句子（定語從句或同位語從句）或段落來對其下定義，或使用破折號、冒號、分號后的內(nèi)容和引號、括號中的內(nèi)容加以解釋和定義，那么理解這個(gè)句子或段落就可以推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語有be，mean， be cnsidered，t be，be called， define， represent， refer t，signify等。如：


D yu knw what “territry” is? —A territry is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims（聲稱）as its wn. 由定義可知，這里 territry指的是“動物的地盤”。


2. 通過同位關(guān)系來猜測詞義


構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間通常用連接詞連接，有時(shí)也使用破折號、冒號、分號、括號或同位語。常用的信息詞有r， similarly， that is t say， in ther wrds， namely， r ther，say等。如：


In fact, nly abut 80 celts, an endangered cat exist in the USA tday.由同位語an endangered cat可以猜出 celts是“一種瀕臨滅絕的貓”。


3. 通過轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來猜測詞義


如果一個(gè)句子或段落中有對兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對比的描述，可以根據(jù)它的反義詞猜測其詞義。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞語主要有but， hwever，therwise， thugh等；表示對比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語有 despite， in spite f， in cntrast， unlike， n the ther hand等。如：


Even the Ethipian public has nly seen Lucy twice. The Lucy n exhibitin at the Ethipian Natinal Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually lcked in a secret strerm.


…


What d the wrds “a replica” refer t?


A. A painting f the skeletn.


B. A phtgraph f Lucy.


C. A cpy f the skeletn.


D. A written recrd f Lucy.


【解析】replica所在的句子中， while連接的兩部分意義上是相對的，故 replica與 real remains是反義關(guān)系，可推測 replica意為“仿品”，因此答案為C項(xiàng)。


4. 通過因果關(guān)系來猜測詞義


該方法是根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系來推斷某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思。可由表示原因的句意推測出表示結(jié)果的句子中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思，即由因推果；也可由表示結(jié)果的句意推測出表示原因的句子中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思，即由果推因。表示因果關(guān)系的詞有 because， since，s that，s/such…that...等。如：


…


“But,” said Kim, “feel that since yu are my superir, it wuld be presumptuus f me t tell yu what t d.”


…


The wrd “presumptuus” in the middle f the passage is clse in meaning t ________.


A. full f respect


B. t cnfident and rude


C. lacking in experience


D. t shy and quiet


【解析】根據(jù) since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句可以推斷出，這里 presumptuus的意思是“冒失的；放肆的”，全句的意思為“既然你是我的上司，那么我告訴你怎么做會顯得不禮貌”。因此答案為B項(xiàng)。


5. 通過句法功能來猜測詞義


此種方法是根據(jù)生詞的上下文及其意義上的聯(lián)系來進(jìn)行判斷。生詞可能與文中相聯(lián)系的詞是一種上下文的關(guān)系，或者是同一類別的關(guān)系。如：


…


Here is The Pines, whse ck has develped a special way f mixing fd such as caribu, wild bar, and reindeer with surprising sauces.


…


Accrding t the passage, The Pines is a ________.


A. place in which yu can see many mbile hmes


B. muntain where yu can get a gd view f the valley


C. twn which happens t be near the Banff Natinal Park


D. restaurant where yu can ask fr sme special kinds f fd


【解析】通過 whse引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以猜測出，松樹為一家餐館的名字，所以答案選D項(xiàng)。


6. 通過上下文提供的信息來猜測詞義


任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都與句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，并依此來推測詞義，是一種重要的閱讀方法。如：


…


“... They were prgrammed t d that,” said Emily Crnette, head f a chapter f the 7-year-ld Red Hat Sciety.


…


The underlined wrd “chapter” means ________.


A. ne branch f an rganizatin


B. a written agreement f a club


C. ne part f a cllectin f pems


D. a perid in a sciety’s histry


【解析】畫線詞所在句中的head表示“首領(lǐng)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，f表示“屬于”， sciety表示“社團(tuán)”，故可判斷出此處的 chapter表示“地方分會，支部”，因此答案為A項(xiàng)。


7. 通過代詞所指代的內(nèi)容來猜測詞義


代詞所指的內(nèi)容多在這一句的前后句中（特別是前句，或者是前幾個(gè)句子中）。找到指代的內(nèi)容后，把它放在代詞的位置上，看一看這句話是否合理，與前后的內(nèi)容是否一致，然后再判斷它是否為正確答案。如：


Parents wh find lder children bullying yunger brthers and sisters might d well t replace shuting and punishment by rewarding and giving mre attentin t the injured nes. It’s certainly much easier and mre effective.


…


Accrding t the passage, the underlined wrd “bullying” is clse in meaning t ________.


A. helpingB. punishingC. hurtingD. prtecting


【解析】通過the injured nes（受傷者）可推測，bully表示“傷害，欺負(fù)”。故選C項(xiàng)。


8. 通過構(gòu)詞法來猜測詞義


在猜測詞義過程中，我們還可以依靠構(gòu)詞法方面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。如：前綴c-表示“共同，一起”；后級-ise/-ize意思是“使成為……；使……化”等。因此，考生在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)該通過掌握一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等構(gòu)詞知識來猜測詞義。








Reading can be a scial activity. Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website BkCrssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.


Members g n the site and register the bks they wn and wuld like t share. BkCrssing prvides an identificatin number t stick inside the bk. Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.


Bruce Pedersn, the managing directr f BkCrssing, says, “The tw things that change yur life are the peple yu meet and bks yu read. BkCrssing cmbines bth.”


Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.


Peple wh find a bk can als leave a jurnal entry describing what they thught f it. E-mails are then sent t the BkCrssing t keep them updated abut where their bks have been fund. Bruce Pedersn says the idea is fr peple nt t be selfish by keeping a bk t gather dust n a shelf at hme.


BkCrssing is part f a trend amng peple wh want t get back t the “real” and nt the virtual（虛擬）. The site nw has mre than ne millin members in mre than ne hundred thirty-five cuntries.


1. Why des the authr mentin bk grups in the first paragraph?


A. T explain what they are.


B. T intrduce BkCrssing.


C. T stress the imprtance f reading.


D. T encurage readers t share their ideas.


2. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?


A. The bk.


B. An adventure.


C. A public place.


D. The identificatin number.


3. What will a BkCrsser d with a bk after reading it?


A. Meet ther readers t discuss it.


B. Keep it safe in his bkcase.


C. Pass it n t anther reader.


D. Mail it back t its wner.


4. What is the best title fr the text?


A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tur


B. Electrnic Bks: A new Trend


C. A Bk Grup Brings Traditin Back


D. A Website Links Peple thrugh Bks





【語篇解讀】文章介紹了一個(gè)圖書漂流網(wǎng)站，該網(wǎng)站鼓勵人們拿出自己的圖書與他人分享，目前該網(wǎng)站會員眾多。


1. B 解析：推理判斷題。首段先說閱讀是一種社會性的活動，然后談到讀書小組(bk grups)，接下來說到 BkCrssing這個(gè)網(wǎng)站，說該網(wǎng)站給傳統(tǒng)的讀書小組翻開了新的一頁(turns the page)，然后逐段介紹這個(gè)網(wǎng)站的做法，由此推斷，介紹讀書小組的目的是引出這個(gè)網(wǎng)站，因此選B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“解釋它們的含義”，C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀的重要性”，D項(xiàng)“鼓勵讀者分享他們的觀點(diǎn)”，均不是作者提到讀書小組的目的，可排除。


2. A 解析：詞義猜測題。畫線詞在第二段，詳細(xì)介紹這個(gè)網(wǎng)站的具體做法：會員去網(wǎng)站登記自己愿意分享的書，網(wǎng)站給這本書一個(gè)身份編號并貼在書中，主人把書留在公共場所，希望這本書會跟“找到它的每個(gè)新讀者”一起旅行。由此可知代詞it指前文提到的 the bk。B項(xiàng)“一次冒險(xiǎn)”，C項(xiàng)“一處公共場所”，D項(xiàng)“身份編號”，均不是it所指的內(nèi)容。


3. C 解析：推理判斷題。從題干中的 after reading it判斷答案在第四段。該段說，人們在看完一本書之后就把書留在公園的長凳、公共汽車、火車站及咖啡館等地方，下一位找到這本書的人就到網(wǎng)站上記錄他們找到這本書的地點(diǎn)，由此可推斷選C項(xiàng)“把書繼續(xù)傳遞給另一位讀者”。A項(xiàng)“與其他讀者會面，討論這本書”，B項(xiàng)“把書妥善保存在書架上”，D項(xiàng)“把書郵寄給他的主人”，均不是會員的做法。


4. D 解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了 BkCrssing這個(gè)網(wǎng)站，因此這篇文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)體現(xiàn)出“網(wǎng)站”這一關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，再根據(jù)第三段中的 the peple yu meet and bks yu read可知只有D項(xiàng)涵蓋了這些信息。


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