2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)——專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)11　閱讀理解—詞義猜測之代詞指代學(xué)案-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

When I was a kid，I was the girl wh kept the training wheels n my bike as lng as pssible. Even my yunger sister had gt rid f them much earlier than me. But as I began t grw lder，this changed.
All this happened n the Bike Safety Day. It is suppsed t be a fun day at schl when all f us kids bring ur bikes t schl and the schl prvides us with the pprtunity t ride utside and learn prper bike safety.Sunds like fun，right？N.In fact，it caused me t panic.What was I ging t say when my friends asked me abut my training wheels?
With the pressure f everyne seeing my training wheels，I determined t let them g.This was the first big change I'd ever made n my wn.
I went t my parents and tld them all abut my dilemma.They were mre than happy t help.We went utside and gt my bike.Instead f running away and hiding behind，I std in frnt f my bike and tk great pride in my decisin as my dad remved the training wheels.
I gt n and steadied myself. My heart raced but my feet and hands were calm.My dad started t push befre my feet even mved and suddenly I was ff.The fear faded away and a relaxed mind came int its place. It was crazy t think hw quickly I learned smething that tk s lng fr me t even try!
My cnfidence sared(高漲)．This was ging t be the start f a brand new wrld fr me. My accmplishment wuld carry me frth t new gals and wins.I realized that if I set my mind n ding smething，I culd achieve it.
【語篇解讀】本文講述了作者小時(shí)候遲遲不敢去掉自行車的穩(wěn)定輪，在學(xué)?！白孕熊嚢踩铡眮砼R之前因?yàn)楹ε峦瑢W(xué)看見她的穩(wěn)定輪而最終下決心去掉它們。
1．What des the schl expect the students t d n Bike Safety Day?
A．Have their bikes checked.
B．Ride utside fr fun.
C．Acquire bike safety skills.
D．Remve the training wheels.
C [考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的the schl prvides us with the pprtunity t ride utside and learn prper bike safety可知，學(xué)校想讓學(xué)生在“自行車安全日”學(xué)會(huì)一些自行車安全技能，故選C項(xiàng)。]
2．What des the underlined wrd“them” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The authr's friends.
B．The authr's parents.
C．The safety prblems.
D．The training wheels.
D [考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)語境及畫線詞所在句的前半部分With the pressure f everyne seeing my training wheels可知，作者迫于害怕別人看見自己的自行車穩(wěn)定輪的壓力才決心去掉它們，故畫線詞指的就是“穩(wěn)定輪”，故選D項(xiàng)。]
3．What happened when the authr finally rde withut the training wheels?
A．She felt extremely embarrassed.
B．Everything turned ut t be easy.
C．She ended up falling dwn.
D．Her sisters fllwed her example.
B [考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，長時(shí)間不敢嘗試的東西，作者竟學(xué)得很快，由此可推知只要努力嘗試，就沒有解決不了的難事，故選B項(xiàng)。]
4．What des the authr think is necessary fr her t achieve a gal?
A．Patience. B．Determinatin.
C．Pressure. D．Cncentratin.
B [考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，作者意識(shí)到如果自己下定決心做一件事的話，自己就會(huì)做到。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)于她來說實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵在于決心，故選B項(xiàng)。]
B (2019·廣州市綜合測試)
In 1874，F(xiàn)rancis Galtn，a British prfessr，analysed t sample f English scientists and fund the vast majrity t be firstbrn sns.This led him t theries that firstbrn children enjyed a special level f attentin frm their parents that allwed them t advance intellectually.Half a century later Alfred Adler，an Austrian psychlgist，made a similar argument relating t persnality.Firstbrn children，he suggested，were mre diligent，while the later-brn were mre utging and emtinally stable.Many subsequent studies have explred these ideas，but their findings have been varied—sme supprting and sme rejecting the riginal cnclusins.
The main prblem with the previus studies is that they were t small—ften limited t a few dzen individuals.This wuld be true even if the statistical methds needed t analyse the data were simple，but they are nt. Distinguishing birth rder effects frm thse caused by family size matters，meaning still bigger samples must be analysed t btain meaningful results.
T vercme the limitatin f these earlier studies，German scial scientist Dr Helmet Schmukle and his clleagues analysed three huge sets f date frm America，Britain and Germany.These data sets，thugh cllected fr ther purpses，included persnality and intelligence tests n 20，186 peple at different stages f their lives.The American tests were n individuals aged between 29 and 35. The British tests were cnducted n 50-year-lds. The German tests ran the whle span f adult life，frm 18 t 98.
Birth rder，they fund，had n effect n persnality：firstbrn children were n mre，nr less，likely than their yunger siblings t be hard-wrking，utging r anxius.But it did affect intelligence.In a family with tw children，the first child was mre intelligent than the secnd 60% f the time，rather than the 50% that wuld be expected by chance.On average，this translated t a difference f 1.5 IQ pints between first and secnd siblings.That figure agrees with previus studies，and thus lks cnfirmed.
It is，nevertheless，quite a small difference—and whether it is enugh t accunt fr Galtn's riginal bservatin is unclear.In any event，it is certainly nt deterministic.Galtn was the yungest f nine.
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。英國教授曾經(jīng)提出，老大由于受到父母特殊的關(guān)注，智商比老二高，奧地利心理學(xué)家阿爾弗雷德·阿德勒在半個(gè)世紀(jì)后也提出相似的觀點(diǎn)。但是，德國社會(huì)科學(xué)家Helmet Schmukle博士經(jīng)過新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，出生順序?qū)π愿駴]有影響，但是確實(shí)會(huì)影響孩子的智力。
5．Alfred Adler cncluded that firstbrn children were ．
A．mre stable
B．mre sciable
C．mre intelligent
D．mre hard-wrking
D [考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第四句可知，奧地利心理學(xué)家阿爾弗雷德·阿德勒認(rèn)為，頭胎的孩子更勤奮，而晚出生的孩子更外向，情緒更穩(wěn)定。故D項(xiàng)正確。]
6．What des the underlined“they” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The data.
B．The analyses.
C．The previus studies.
D．The statistical methds.
D [考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，分析數(shù)據(jù)所需的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法很簡單，但事實(shí)并非如此。據(jù)此可推知，該句中的they指代句中的statistical methds，故D項(xiàng)正確。]
7．Why was Schmukle's study cnsidered superir t previus research?
A．It invlved a wider age range.
B．It had a much larger sample size.
C．It included a larger number f cuntries.
D．It was cnducted ver a lnger perid f time.
B [考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知，為了克服這些早期研究的局限性，德國社會(huì)科學(xué)家Helmet Schmukle博士和他的同事分析了來自美國、英國和德國的三大數(shù)據(jù)集，這些數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)不同生活階段的20 186人進(jìn)行了性格和智力測試。據(jù)此可知，Helmet Schmukle博士研究的先進(jìn)之處是研究的樣例較多，故B項(xiàng)正確。]
8．Why des the authr mentin Galtn's family backgrund in the last paragraph?
A．T cnfirm Galtn's difficult upbringing.
B．T suggest Galtn's thery may nt be crrect.
C．T cmpare his experience with Galtn's parents.
D．T explain why Galtn was interested in birth rder.
B [考查寫作意圖。根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，Galtn教授的結(jié)論是，由于得到父母特殊的關(guān)注，第一個(gè)出生的孩子智商較高；根據(jù)尾段可知，這種結(jié)論是否能充分解釋Galtn最初的觀察結(jié)果是不確定的，Galtn是家中最小的孩子，而他是一名教授。據(jù)此可推知，尾段提出Galtn的家庭背景旨在說明Galtn的理論可能是錯(cuò)誤的，故B項(xiàng)正確。]
C (2019·洛陽市統(tǒng)一考試)
There is mre f a cnnectin between fd and culture than yu may think.On an individual level，we grw up eating the fd f ur culture.It becmes a part f wh we are.Many assciate fd frm ur childhd with warm feelings and gd memries and it ties us t ur families，hlding a special and persnal value fr us.Fd frm ur family ften becmes the cmfrt fd we seek as adults in times f frustratin and stress.
On a large scale，traditinal fd is an imprtant part f culture.It als perates as an expressin f culture identity.Immigrants bring it wherever they g，and it is a symbl f pride fr their culture and means f cping with hmesickness.
Many immigrants pen their wn restaurants and serve traditinal dishes.Hwever，the fd des nt remain exactly the same. Sme materials needed t make traditinal dishes may nt be readily available，s the taste and flavr can be different frm what they wuld prepare in their hme cuntries. Additinally，immigrants d nt nly sell dishes t peple frm the same cuntries as them，but t peple frm different cuntries.Therefre，they have t make small changes abut the riginal dishes t cater t a wider range f custmers.Thse changes can create new flavrs that still keep the cultural significance f the dishes.
We shuld embrace ur heritage(傳統(tǒng)) thrugh ur culture's fd but als becme mre infrmed abut ther cultures by trying their fd.It is imprtant t remember that each dish has a special place in the culture t which it belngs，and is special t thse wh prepare it.Fd is a windw int culture，and it shuld be treated as such.
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要探討了食物和文化之間的聯(lián)系。
9．What's the functin f fd mentined in the text?
A．T help mtivate hmesickness.
B．T shw natinal identity.
C．T reflect a cuntry's histry.
D．T shw a cmmunity's superirity.
B [考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二、三句，再根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二句可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是顯示國家身份。]
10．What des the underlined“it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The specific traditinal fd.
B．The natinal culture.
C．A traditinal expressin f fd.
D．The ld-fashined taste.
A [考查詞義猜測。通讀第二段可知，傳統(tǒng)食物是文化的一個(gè)重要部分，它顯示了文化身份，移民不管去哪里都帶著它，它象征著對(duì)自己文化的驕傲，也是處理鄉(xiāng)愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代傳統(tǒng)食物。]
11．Why d sme immigrants have t change the riginal dishes in their restaurant?
A．T attach cultural imprtance t their dishes.
B．T annunce the beginning f their life n freign sil.
C．T make the dishes ppular amng custmers.
D．T present their wn fd culture in a new way.
C [考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第四、五句可知。移民不僅把菜肴賣給來自相同國家的人，而且賣給不同國家的人。為了使菜肴受到顧客的歡迎，一些移民不得不改變傳統(tǒng)的菜肴。]
12．What's the authr's attitude twards different fd cultures?
A．Negative. B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
B [考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句可知，我們應(yīng)該通過我們文化的食物來接受我們的傳統(tǒng)，但也應(yīng)該通過嘗試其他文化的食物來了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者對(duì)不同的食物文化持客觀公正的態(tài)度。]

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