Unit 8　Adventure


1．The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully are kindness, beauty and truth.
有些理想曾為我照亮道路，并不斷給我欣然面對(duì)人生的新的勇氣，那些理想就是真、善、美。
2．A brave man risks his life, not his conscience.
勇敢的人可用生命冒險(xiǎn)，但不以良心冒險(xiǎn)。
3．He's going to walk down the front steps, wave his hand and start his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow.
他要走下前面的臺(tái)階，揮揮手，然后開(kāi)始他的偉大的歷險(xiǎn)征程，其間或許有爭(zhēng)斗、不幸以及傷痛。
4．If you want to hit the mark, you must aim a little above it because of the gravity.
要想射中靶，必須瞄準(zhǔn)比靶略為高些，因?yàn)榇嬖诘匦囊Φ挠绊憽?br /> 自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)adventure (n.) 奇遇，冒險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷→adventurer (n.) 冒險(xiǎn)者→adventurous (adj.) 愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的，大膽的
(2)wild (adj.) 野生的；狂熱的→wildly (adv.) 野生地；野蠻地→wildlife (n.) 野生動(dòng)植物
(3)optional (adj.) 可選擇的；非強(qiáng)制的→optionally (adv.) 隨意地→option (n.) 選擇；選項(xiàng)；選擇權(quán)
(4)organization (n.) 組織，團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)→organizational (adj.) 組織的，編制的→organize (vt.) 組織→organized (adj.) 有組織的，系統(tǒng)的
(5)accommodation (n.) 住所，住處
(6)differ (vi.) 不同于，有區(qū)別→different (adj.) 不同的，有區(qū)別的→difference (n.) 區(qū)別，不同
(7)anxious (adj.) 憂慮的，擔(dān)心的→anxiously (adv.) 憂慮地，擔(dān)心地→anxiety (n.) 憂慮，擔(dān)心
(8)similarity (n.) 相似性，類似性→similar (adj.) 相似的，相同的→similarly (adv.) 類似地
(9)exactly (adv.) 確切地，精確地→exact (adj.) 確切的，精確的
(10)risk (vt.) 冒……的危險(xiǎn)→risky (adj.) 危險(xiǎn)的，冒險(xiǎn)的
(11)excitement (n.) 興奮，激奮→excite (vt.) 使人振奮，使人興奮→excited (adj.) 感到興奮的→exciting (adj.) 令人興奮的
(12)various (adj.) 不同的，各種各樣的→vary (vt.& vi.) 改變，變化→variety (n.) 種類，變化，多樣化
(13)equipment (n.) 設(shè)備，配備→equip (vt.) 裝備，配備
(14)amaze (vt.) 使驚愕，使吃驚→amazed (adj.) 感到吃驚的→amazing (adj.) 令人吃驚的→amazement (n.) 驚愕，吃驚
(15)confuse (vt.) 使困惑→confused (adj.) 感到困惑的→confusing (adj.) 令人困惑的→confusion (n.) 困惑
(16)wealthy (adj.) 富有的，富裕的→wealth (n.) 富裕，財(cái)富
(17)quantity (n.) 數(shù)量
(18)preparation (n.) 準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備→prepare (vt.) 準(zhǔn)備，籌備
(19)ambition (n.) 志向，抱負(fù)→ambitious (adj.) 有志向的，有抱負(fù)的，有野心的→ambitiously (adv.) 雄心勃勃地
(20)cheerful (adj.) 愉快的，高興的→cheer (vt.) 使高興，使愉快→cheerfully (adv.) 快樂(lè)地，高興地
(21)distant (adj.) 遠(yuǎn)處的，久遠(yuǎn)的→distance (n.) 遠(yuǎn)處
(22)patience (n.) 耐心，忍耐力→patient (adj.) 耐心的 (n.) 病人
(23)aim (n.& vt.& vi.) 目標(biāo)，目的；旨在，致力→aimless (adj.) 無(wú)目的的，沒(méi)有目標(biāo)的→goal (n.) 目標(biāo)，目的
(24)observe (vt.) 觀察，觀測(cè)→observation (n.) 觀察，觀測(cè)
(25)survival (n.) 幸存，殘存，生存→survive (vi.) 活下來(lái)，幸存
Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)hike (v.& n．) 徒步旅行，遠(yuǎn)足
(2)major (adj.) 較重要的；較嚴(yán)重的→majority (n.) 多數(shù)，大多數(shù)
(3)tiring (adj.) 令人疲勞的→tire (vt.) 使人疲勞→tired (adj.) 感到疲勞的→tiredness (n.) 疲勞，疲倦→tireless (adj.) 不疲倦的→tirelessly (adv.) 不知疲倦地
(4)uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的，不自在的→comfort (vt.) 使舒服→comfortable (adj.) 舒服的
(5)luggage (n.) 〈英〉行李→baggage (n.) 〈美〉行李
(6)extreme (adj.) 極度的，極端的→extremely (adv.) 極度地，極端地→extremeness (n.) 極度，極端
(7)preference (n.) 偏愛(ài)，較喜歡的東西→prefer (vt.) 更喜歡
(8)goods (n.) 物品，商品
(9)fuel (n.) 燃料
(10)statement (n.) 陳述→state (vt.) 陳述
(11)shock (vt.) 使震驚，使驚駭→shocked (adj.) 感到震驚的→shocking (adj.) 令人震驚的
(12)sadness (n.) 悲哀，憂傷→sad (adj.) 悲哀的，悲傷的→sadly (adv.) 悲痛地，悲傷地
(13)function (vi.) 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，發(fā)揮作用 (n.) 功能，作用
(14)disadvantage (n.) 不利，不利條件→advantage (n.) 優(yōu)勢(shì)，有利條件
(15)limit (n.) 邊界，限度→limited (adj.) 有限制的，有限的

　[單句語(yǔ)法填空]
1.I'm going to take three ________ (option) courses this term.
答案：optional
2．There needs to be a change in the ________ (organize) of the health service.
答案：organization
3．The two doctors made ________ (differ) diagnosis of my disease.
答案：different
4．They are waiting ________ (anxious) for their teacher to announce their grades.
答案：anxiously
5．They know they are risking ________ (punish)．
答案：being punished
6．Children were filled with ________ (excite) at the thought of visiting Disneyland.
答案：excitement
7．Visitors are often ________ (amaze) to discover how little the town has changed.
答案：amazed
8．Large __________ (quantity) of students have participated in the school sports meeting today.
答案：quantities
9．Those who come from the remote village are __________ (ambition) although they are poor.
答案：ambitious
10．A lot of small companies are having to fight for ________ (survive)．
答案：survival
聯(lián)想積累
1．以-less結(jié)尾的合成詞
①hopeless 沒(méi)有希望的
②homeless 無(wú)家的，無(wú)家可歸的
③restless 不平靜的，不安寧的
④tireless 不知疲倦的，孜孜不倦的
⑤blameless 無(wú)可指責(zé)的；無(wú)過(guò)失的
⑥aimless 無(wú)目的的
⑦airless 無(wú)空氣的；不通氣的
⑧armless 無(wú)武器的
⑨authorless 作者不詳?shù)?br /> ⑩bloodless 無(wú)血色的；不流血的，和平的
?boneless 無(wú)骨的
?jobless 失業(yè)的
?kindless 無(wú)情的
?leafless 無(wú)葉的
?lifeless 無(wú)生命的；死氣沉沉的
?limitless 無(wú)界限的
?wireless 不用電線的，用無(wú)線電波傳遞的
?fearless 大膽的，勇敢的
?loveless 無(wú)愛(ài)的
?endless 無(wú)盡的
2．以-ous結(jié)尾的形容詞家族
①anxious 焦慮的，擔(dān)心的
②ambiguous 模棱兩可的，含糊不清的
③delicious 美味的
④envious 嫉妒的，羨慕的
⑤nervous 緊張不安的
⑥joyous 充滿快樂(lè)的
⑦famous 著名的
⑧serious 認(rèn)真的，嚴(yán)肅的
⑨humorous 滑稽的；幽默的

1．take_off 起飛
2．right_now 就在此刻，馬上
3．break_down 損壞，不能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
4．in_order_to_do_sth. 目的是，以便
5．turn_up 出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)
6．back_out 決定不履行(允諾的事)
7．get_across 使理解(某事)
8．go_through 經(jīng)歷；檢查
9．in turn 輪流，相應(yīng)地
10．break out (壞事)爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生
11．put ... into prison 把……關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄
12．stand by 堅(jiān)持(某種說(shuō)法)，支持
13．on one's way 在途中
14．run out of 用完，耗盡
15．carry on 繼續(xù)做某事
16．a(chǎn)im at 目的在于，旨在
　[選詞填空]
take off， can't stand， break down， turn up， get across， in turn， on one's way， run out of， carry on， stand by
1．My car ________ on my way to the town.
答案：broke down
2．As a parent, I ________ watching you having to grow up with one eye.
答案：can't stand
3．Thanks to the good policy, his company finally ________.
答案：took off
4．________ to school, I happened to meet several old friends of mine.
答案：On my way
5．I'm very sorry that what I said in class wasn't ________ to all my students.
答案：got across
6．Each of us ________ had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.
答案：in turn
7．You can not just ________ and expect a meal.
答案：turn up
8．If we're not careful, we're going to ________ our valuable time.
答案：run out of
9．We must try to ________ our work in spite of difficulties.
答案：carry on
10．The decision has been made and I have got to ________ it.
答案：stand by
聯(lián)想積累
1．動(dòng)詞＋on短語(yǔ)集錦
①carry on 執(zhí)行
②call on 號(hào)召；拜訪
③depend on 依靠
④feed on 靠吃……過(guò)活；以……為食
⑤fix on 注視
⑥get on 上車/船等
⑦go on 繼續(xù)
⑧have ... on 穿戴
⑨hold on 堅(jiān)持
⑩impress sth. on sb. 某物給某人留下深刻印象
?insist on 堅(jiān)持
?live on 以……為食
?spy on 偵察，刺探
?turn on 打開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)
?look on 旁觀
2．動(dòng)詞＋across的短語(yǔ)
①come across 遇到；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；碰到
②get across 使理解(某物)
③run across 偶遇，撞見(jiàn)
④cut across 走捷徑，影響


課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練
1.When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out, ...
當(dāng)我第一次蹦極的時(shí)候，我非常緊張以至
于我想退出，……(P25)
so ... that ...
太……以至于
so修飾形容詞、副詞作狀語(yǔ)，so ... that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
He was ________ nervous ________ he didn't know why he put the thermos on the floor.
他太緊張了以至于不知道為什么把暖瓶放在了地板上。
2.Marco Polo, who was an Italian, travelled all around China.
馬可波羅，一個(gè)意大利人，游歷了中國(guó)。(P27)
who was an Italian在本句中是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as, which, who等關(guān)系代詞均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
The road condition there turned out to be very good, __________________________________________.
結(jié)果，那里的路況很好，這出乎我們的預(yù)料。

答案：1.so; that　2.which was more than we could expect
直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)

①　differ vi. 不同于，有區(qū)別(P23)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She ________ from her sister in the colour of her eyes.
②It won't make much ________ (differ) whether you go today or tomorrow.
答案：①differs?、赿ifference
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
Modern bicycles differ with the early ones in many major ways.
______________________________________________________________
答案：with→from

(1)differ from 不同于
(2)different adj. 不同的，有區(qū)別的
be different from不同于
(3)difference n. 區(qū)別，不同
have a difference between 在……之間有區(qū)別
There are differences between ... 在……之間有些區(qū)別
tell the difference between ... 分辨……的區(qū)別/不同
make a difference 有作用，有影響
②　anxious adj. 憂慮的，擔(dān)憂的(P23)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She was anxious ________ (finish) school and get a job.
②They are waiting ________ (anxious) to see who will succeed him.
答案：①to finish　②anxiously
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
He was a bit anxious for the safety of the machinery.
______________________________________________________________
答案：for→about

(1)be anxious about 對(duì)……感到擔(dān)憂
be anxious for sth. 渴望某物
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
(2)anxiously adv. 擔(dān)憂地，擔(dān)心地

be anxious for后通常接名詞或代詞，不接動(dòng)名詞。
③　risk vt. 冒……的危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)　n. 冒險(xiǎn)(P24)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①________ the risk of sounding stupid, may I ask a simple question?
②I don't want to run the risk of ________ (lose) their business.
答案：①At　②losing
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
The captain was not willing to ____________ his ship through the straits ________________.
船長(zhǎng)不愿意在這樣惡劣的天氣里冒險(xiǎn)將船駛過(guò)海峽。
答案：risk taking; in such bad weather

risk doing sth. 冒險(xiǎn)做……
at your own risk 自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
at risk 有危險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)
at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒著(做)某事的危險(xiǎn)
take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒著……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做某事

risk用作及物動(dòng)詞，接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞(不接動(dòng)詞不定式)作賓語(yǔ)。
④　various adj. 不同的，各種各樣的(P24)


(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She took the job for ________ (vary) reasons.
②I was impressed by the ________ (vary) of dishes on offer.
答案：①various?、趘ariety
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
______________ food is sold at the supermarket.
那家超級(jí)市場(chǎng)里各種各樣的食物均有出售。
答案：A variety of

(1)vary vi.& vt. 相異；多變；改變，使多樣化
vary from ... to 從……到……不等
(2)variety n. 種類，各種各樣
a variety of 各種各樣的……
⑤　equipment n. 配備，設(shè)備(P24)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①They provide us with 2-person tents and basic cooking and camping ________ (equip)．
②Our classroom has ________ (equip) with many modern electronic equipment.
答案：①equipment?、赽een equipped
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
These ____________________________________ will be exported to America.
這兩套科研設(shè)備將出口到美國(guó)。
答案：two pieces of scientific equipment

(1)equip vi. 配備，裝備
be equipped with 裝備，配備
(2)equipment for 供……用的設(shè)備

equipment是不可數(shù)名詞，若表示“兩件設(shè)備”時(shí)，用two pieces of equipment表示。
⑥　amaze vt. 使驚愕，使驚奇(P26)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I was banging so loudly and I'm ________ (amaze) that they didn't hear me.
②My mother was an ________ (amaze) woman. She raised four of us kids alone.
答案：①amazed?、赼mazing
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
We ________________ the change in his appearance.
他的樣子變得使我們大為驚訝。
答案：were amazed by/at

(1)amazed adj. 大為驚奇的，驚訝的
be amazed at/by 對(duì)……感到吃驚
(2)amazing adj. 令人驚詫的；驚人的
(3)amazement n. 驚奇，詫異
in amazement 吃驚地
to one's amazement 令某人吃驚的是
⑦　confuse vt. 使困惑(P26)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①All the roads looked the same and he felt thoroughly ________ (confuse)．
②Be careful not to confuse quantity ________ quality.
答案：①confused　②with
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
If you ______________________ anything, phone me.
如果你對(duì)什么事有疑問(wèn)，給我打電話。
答案：are confused about

(1)confuse sb./sth. with sb./sth. 將某人/某物與某人/某物混淆
confuse the enemy 迷惑敵人
confuse right with wrong 混淆是非
be confused about 對(duì)……感到困惑
(2)confusion n. 困惑，混亂
in confusion 困窘地，大惑不解地
There is/was a confusion of ... ……亂成一片
⑧　quantity n. 量，數(shù)量(P27)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Large quantities of water ________ (pollute) every year in this area.
②Always a large quantity of rice ________ (waste) in developed countries.
答案：①are polluted?、趇s wasted
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
In hot summer, people always lose __________________ water in their bodies.
在炎熱的夏天，人們身體中總會(huì)流失大量的水分。
答案：a large quantity of/quantities of

in quantity 大量，大批
a (large) quantity of 大量的，很多的
large quantities of 大量的，很多的
quantity and quality 數(shù)量與質(zhì)量

a quantity of和large quantities of都可以修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)有變化：a quantity of修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；large quantities of不論修飾可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
⑨　ambition n. 志向，抱負(fù)(P28)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She never achieved her ________ (ambitious) of becoming a famous writer.
②He says it is time to set an even ________ (ambitious) target.
答案：①ambition?、趍ore ambitious
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
He has the great __________________ a company on his own.
他懷有自己經(jīng)營(yíng)公司的雄心壯志。
答案：ambition of running

(1)achieve one's ambition 實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)
out of ambition 出于野心
without ambition 胸?zé)o大志，沒(méi)有野心
ambition for 對(duì)……的野心
(2)ambitious adj. 有抱負(fù)的，有雄心的
be ambitious to do sth. 有志向做某事
⑩　observe vt. 觀察，觀測(cè)；遵守(P30)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She observed a tall man ________ (walk) on the opposite side of the street.
②The thief was observed ________ (open) the window and run away.
答案：①walking?、趖o open
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
The police decided to put him ________________ because he looked dangerous.
因?yàn)樗雌饋?lái)很危險(xiǎn)，警察決定監(jiān)視他。
答案：under observation

(1)observe sb. do/doing sth. 看到某人做了/正在做某事
observe sth. done 看到某事被做
observe a rule 遵守規(guī)則
(2)observation n. 觀察；觀察力；觀測(cè)
be under observation 在觀察中，在監(jiān)視中
(3)observer n. 觀察者

observe sb. do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)將不定式符號(hào)to還原。

①　take off 起飛；迅速流行；開(kāi)始成功；脫下，取下(P21)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He always dreams of his small company ________ (take) off.
②It's too hot inside the room, so you'd better take ________ your coat.
答案：①taking?、趏ff
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
The plane ________ off at 8：15. So there are only 20 minutes to go.
飛機(jī)將在8：15起飛，因此還剩20分鐘。
答案：takes

take away 拿走
take on 呈現(xiàn)
take in 吸收，吸納；欺騙
take out 取出
take down 取下；寫(xiě)下；筆錄
take up 從事，開(kāi)始做；占據(jù)；拿起
②　in order to 為了……(P24)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①In order ________ (ensure) success we must have a complete and thorough plan.
②We should do our utmost in order ________ we can fulfill the task.
答案：①to ensure?、趖hat
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
________________________ how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry.
想了解人體是如何工作的，你需要掌握一些化學(xué)知識(shí)。
答案：In order to understand

in order that ... 為了……(跟從句)
so as to 為了……

in order to和so as to引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)意思相同，但in order to可以提到句首，而so as to不能；so as to可以分開(kāi)使用，即so ... as to，此時(shí)as to引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
③　turn up出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)(P25)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①We were just talking about him when he turned ________.
②Can you turn the TV ________？ I'm trying to work.
答案：①up?、赿own
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
He said he would come, but ______________ yet.
他說(shuō)他會(huì)來(lái)的，但是還沒(méi)有到。
答案：hasn't turned up

turn to 向……求助
turn away 走開(kāi)
turn back 往回走；扭轉(zhuǎn)
turn down 拒絕；把……調(diào)低
turn into 變成
turn off 關(guān)掉
turn on 打開(kāi)
turn out 證明是，結(jié)果是
turn over 移交，(使)翻轉(zhuǎn)
④　get across 使理解(P25)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It took him ages to get his point ________.
②They seem to get ________ with each other.
答案：①across　②along
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
I was quite happy that what I said got across by all the students.
______________________________________________________________
答案：by→to

get across to sb. 被某人所理解
get ahead 取得成功，出人頭地
get along 進(jìn)展；相處融洽
get away 離開(kāi)，走開(kāi)
get back 找回
get through 做到底，通過(guò)；接通電話
get into one's head 充分理解；相信；固執(zhí)地認(rèn)為
get it 懂了
⑤　break out 爆發(fā)，發(fā)生(P26)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①When the war ________ (break) out, he left England.
②The old printing machines are always breaking ________.
答案：①broke　②down
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
Does anyone know what to do if a fire breaks up?
______________________________________________________________
答案：up→out

break away from 突然離開(kāi)，脫離
break down 發(fā)生故障；分解
break up 分裂，打碎，分解
break in 闖入
break into 破門而入，非法進(jìn)入
break off 中斷，斷交
break one's heart 傷心
break one's word 失信，違背諾言
break the silence 打破沉默

break out常指偶發(fā)事件的爆發(fā)，或者重大事件的爆發(fā)與發(fā)生，不與時(shí)間段連用。
⑥　on one's way 在途中(P28)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①________ my way to school, I always want to go through the big woods.
②This table is too close to the door; it gets ________ the way.
答案：①On?、趇n
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
I am now out of hospital and well __________________.
我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)出院，快康復(fù)了。
答案：on the way to recovery

in the way 阻擋，阻礙，擋道
all the way 一路上，一直；完全
by the way 順便說(shuō)說(shuō)；順便問(wèn)一下
give way to 被……代替；讓路給……
in a way 在某種程度上
make one's way 走，行走，艱難前進(jìn)
feel one's way 摸索著前行
find one's way 找到出路
in no way 決不
way of life 生活方式

on the way to表示“在去……的路上”，在表示具體地點(diǎn)的名詞前須加物主代詞或定冠詞the，如office, house等；在表示抽象意義的名詞前則不加物主代詞或定冠詞，如work, school等；在副詞前，省去介詞to，例如there, here, home等。
⑦　break down 損壞，不能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(P28)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)y computer broke ________ this morning. I want to have it repaired.
②Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.
答案：①down?、赿own
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
The lift ____________， so we had to walk up the stairs.
電梯壞了，我們只好走上樓去。
答案：broke down

put down 記下；放下；鎮(zhèn)壓；平定
take down 記下；拆卸；取下；拿下
go down 下降；下沉；傳下去
⑧　run out of 用完，耗盡(P28)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I'm about to run out ________ business cards. I need some new ones.
②I've got money you can borrow if your money run ________.
答案：①of　②out
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
They ______________ money and had to abandon the project.
他們的錢用完了，不得不放棄這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
答案：ran out of

run out 用完，耗盡
run across 碰上，遇見(jiàn)
run into 撞上
run after 追趕，追隨
run away 跑開(kāi)；因害怕而逃跑
run over 撞倒，撞翻

run out of相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，而run out相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式。

①　[教材原句]However, Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China.
然而，馬克很幸運(yùn)地遇到了另一個(gè)喜歡聽(tīng)他講關(guān)于中國(guó)的故事的囚犯。(P26)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I was lucky enough ________ (catch) the last bus.
②He was not brave enough ________ (report) the missing of the documents.
答案：①to catch?、趖o report
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
If your timing is right, you may ________________ to stumble across a village festival.
如果你時(shí)機(jī)把握得好，你會(huì)幸運(yùn)地撞上某個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村節(jié)日。
答案：be lucky enough

句型：Sb.＋be＋adj.＋enough＋to do sth. 某人足夠……能夠做某事

本句型中，enough是副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，放在所修飾的形容詞之后，不定式(短語(yǔ))是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
②　[教材原句]Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true.
雖然人們喜歡讀他的書(shū)，但他們中的許多人認(rèn)為馬克寫(xiě)的關(guān)于中國(guó)的故事太離奇了，不可能是真的。(P26)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I am ________ eager to have a world travel.
②If the population continues to increase, the earth will become ________ small a planet to support so many people.
答案：①too?、趖oo
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
It'll be __________________ preparing meals when the guests have arrived.
客人到了再開(kāi)始做飯就來(lái)不及了。
答案：too late to start

句型：too ... to ... 太……而不能……

(1)該句中使用了too ... to ... 結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“太……而不能……”，too后面跟形容詞(或副詞)，但當(dāng)其后接形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，要把不定冠詞a(n)放在形容詞之后。
(2)在此句式中，若“too ... to ...”結(jié)構(gòu)之前加了only, but, all等詞，后接happy, pleased, glad, anxious, eager, willing, ready等表情緒、心情等的形容詞，則too相當(dāng)于very，表肯定意義。
(3)can't ... too ... 表示“無(wú)論怎樣……也不為過(guò)”。
(4)too ... to ... 句式可以與not enough ... to ... 或so ... that ... (否定形式)句式相互轉(zhuǎn)換。
③　[教材原句]The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
接下來(lái)離開(kāi)的是奧茨上尉，他走路很困難。(P28)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
His English is very bad and I have great difficulty ________ (understand) him.
答案：understanding
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
We had great difficulty breathed, for the air was thin.
______________________________________________________________
答案：breathed→breathing

句型：have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難

本短語(yǔ)中，in可以省略，本短語(yǔ)還可以用have trouble in doing sth.表示。
④　[教材原句]We are the only camp in the UK to offer survival skills training from real experts.
我們是英國(guó)唯一一個(gè)由真正的專家提供生存技能訓(xùn)練的營(yíng)地。(P31)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He is not the only one ________ (have) the idea in mind.
②He was the only one ________ (survive) the accident.
答案：①to have?、趖o survive
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
Everyone knows he's the only person ________________.
人人都知道他是唯一能做這項(xiàng)工作的人。
答案：to do the job

句型：be＋the only/the very/just the＋n.＋to do
先行詞被the only/the very/just the修飾時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。

本句型中的不定式作定語(yǔ)，也可以改用定語(yǔ)從句的形式。
⑤　[教材原句]The Silk Road got its name in the 19th century when a German geographer identified it as the route through which the Romans got their silk from China.
絲綢之路得名于19世紀(jì)，那時(shí)一位德國(guó)地理學(xué)家把它確定為羅馬人從中國(guó)獲得絲綢的必經(jīng)之路。(P32)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Sunday is the only day ________ I can relax.
②A zoo is a park ________ many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
答案：①when?、趙here
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
Next month, ____________________________________________ in your hometown, is approaching.
下個(gè)月即將來(lái)臨，屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。
答案：when you'll spend your summer holiday

when/where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)的名詞(短語(yǔ))
⑥　[教材原句]Goods were traded from market to market passing through many hands before they reached their final destinations.
在貨物到達(dá)最終目的地之前，它們要經(jīng)過(guò)多人之手，進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)交易。(P32)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It may be many years ________ the situation improves.
②________ was several minutes before we realised what was happening.
答案：①before?、贗t
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
It'll ______________________ we meet again.
不久后我們就會(huì)見(jiàn)面的。
答案：not be so long before

時(shí)間段＋before引導(dǎo)的從句意為“多久之后才……”

(1)before用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，除了表示“……(之后)才”以外，還可以表示“在……之前；不久就；不等……就；以免”。
(2)句型歸納：
①It won't be ... before ... “用不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就會(huì)……(before從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))”
②It will be ... before ... “得過(guò)多久才……(before從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))”
③It was ... before ... “過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才……(before從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí))”
課文回練 升華運(yùn)用
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Adventure 2000 is an organisation for adventures to the Himalayas. It can satisfy all the needs of hikes. All the guides, __1__ are very experienced in leading hiking trips in the Himalayas, know all the best routes and best places __2__ (camp). On a hiking trip their cooks can prepare foods __3__ (taste) delicious and porters can carry luggage for hikers, which means that you can simply enjoy the experience. In addition, at Adventure 2000, they can make a detailed __4__ (arrange) for travel, __5__ (include) flight, comfortable accommodation and so on. They also provide special offers __6__ those hikers who have different interests. For those who are interested in history, there is __7__ trip to Western China. For hikers preferring to play on the coast, they can provide relative service. Among the three classes, Class A is the most difficult, which needs __8__ (strong) as well as determination. Class B and C are much __9__ (easy). If you want to join in this adventure, you __10__ (pay) ￡ 2,500, which includes all flights and accommodation. Keep in mind that maximum group size is 15 people.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.who　2.to camp　3.tasting　4.arrangement　5.including　6.for　7.a　8.strength　9.easier　10.have to pay
基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．Do you know the girl who ________ (dance) on the stage now?
答案：is dancing　根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，表示現(xiàn)在正在舞臺(tái)上跳舞，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；定語(yǔ)從句中，who指代the girl，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，故填is dancing。
2．Have you read the note I ________ (write) to you just now?
答案：wrote　根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)just now可知，本句定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
3．There is a big table in the hall, ________ surface is made of marble.
答案：whose　逗號(hào)后的部分為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明先行詞table，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該填whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
4．Our guide, ________ was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
答案：who　根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________ was a French Canadian”是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明our guide，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，填who。
5．Peter, ________ you met in London, is now flying to Beijing.
答案：whom　根據(jù)句意可知，表示“你在倫敦遇見(jiàn)的”用whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作met的賓語(yǔ)。
6．Large quantities of information ________ (offer) since then as to how the programme works.
答案：have been offered　句意：自從那時(shí)起，就這一項(xiàng)目如何運(yùn)作已提供了大量的信息。由since then可知，本句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，以“(large) quantities of＋不可數(shù)名詞”形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；且offer和information之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
7．With all ________ (confuse), nobody noticed Jack entering the classroom.
答案：confusion　句意：混亂中，沒(méi)有人注意到杰克走進(jìn)教室。作介詞賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用名詞。
8．We all know that he is ________ young to tell the right from the wrong.
答案：too　表示“我們都認(rèn)為他太小，還不會(huì)分辨對(duì)與錯(cuò)”，故填too。
9．You cannot imagine what difficulty we had ________ (walk) home in the snowstorm.
答案：walking　have (great) difficulty (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難，費(fèi)盡周折地、艱難地做某事”，故填walking。
10．Are there any reasons ________ which you should have a holiday?
答案：for　句意：你有什么理由去度假嗎？即“為了什么”，故應(yīng)該用介詞for。
Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作
1．People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, __________________________________ (那時(shí)，他們從墨西哥向北遷徙).
答案：when they moved north/northward from Mexico
2．My house, __________________ (我去年買的), has got a lovely garden with many rare flowers and other tall plants.
答案：which I bought last year
3．He promised me he would attend my party, so I think he will ____________ at any time.
他答應(yīng)了要參加我組織的聚會(huì)，所以我想他肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的。
答案：turn up
4．______________________________________________________________
盡管我剛來(lái)到這個(gè)城市不久，但是外出找到回家的路還是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。(have no difficulty in doing sth.)
答案：Although I have just arrived in the city recently, I have no difficulty in finding out the way back home.
5．______________________________________________________________
最多三年后我們還會(huì)再見(jiàn)面的。
答案：It'll be at most three years before we meet again.
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
(2020·吉林省梅河口市高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)考)Nowadays more and more people like to travel, __1__ (especial) when vacations come. A great number of people rush out of their homes or companies to __2__ (travel) spots. They either drive or take a bus, a train, a ship __3__ so on. Some even ride bikes.
However, there __4__ (be) another way of travelling—poorism. People have a tour in __5__ poorest areas of the world. Some people may take a one-day poorest tour, and some even pay to stay in very poor neighborhoods __6__ (experience) the lowest living standards in the world. Poorism tours take place around the world, and not just in the third world __7__ (country). You can, for instance, tour New York neighborhoods in the Bronx. Such tours can take people into the heart of poor areas. These tours may awaken people to pay __8__ (much) attention to long-standing poverty, or the effects of war.
Some think that tours in the poor areas can raise social care. And the money from the tour can __9__ (donate) to help the people __10__ live there.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了另一種旅游形式——貧困之旅。人們?cè)谑澜缟献钬毟F的地區(qū)進(jìn)行旅游，這些旅行可能會(huì)使人們更多地關(guān)注長(zhǎng)期存在的貧困和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響。
1．especially　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處是副詞修飾when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故答案為especially。
2．travelling/traveling　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：很多人沖出家門或公司去旅游景點(diǎn)。此處是動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾spots，故答案為travelling/traveling。
3．a(chǎn)nd　考查連詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：and so on “等等”。故答案為and。
4．is　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處是there be句型，句子主語(yǔ)是another way of travelling，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)第三人稱形式，并且介紹的是一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為is。
5．the　考查定冠詞。此處是形容詞最高級(jí)，前面用定冠詞the，故答案為the。
6．to experience　考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：有些人可能會(huì)參加為期一天的“最貧困之旅”，有些人甚至花錢住在非常貧困的社區(qū)，體驗(yàn)世界上最低的生活水平。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故答案為to experience。
7．countries　考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。第三世界的國(guó)家不止一個(gè)，所以名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為countries。
8．more　考查比較級(jí)。句意：這些旅行可能會(huì)喚醒人們更多地關(guān)注長(zhǎng)期存在的貧困和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響。結(jié)合句意可知，句子用比較級(jí)，故答案為more。
9．be donated　考查含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：旅游所得的錢可以捐贈(zèng)給生活在那里的人們。此處money和donate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，can已經(jīng)給出，故答案為be donated。
10．who/that　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處people是先行詞，指人，引導(dǎo)詞在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故答案為who/that。
Ⅳ. 短文改錯(cuò)
(2019·南昌市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三年級(jí)段考試題)The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， where was specially built for people to relax ourselves. The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both side. We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many of people were playing happily. But something unpleasant catch our attention. There was rubbish here or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so serious polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish after we left.
答案：
The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， was specially built for people to relax . The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both . We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many people were playing happily. But something unpleasant our attention. There was rubbish here there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish we left.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第一處：where→which　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“the ‘Renmin Road’”，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。
第八處：Such后加a　考查固定用法?！皊uch a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”為固定用法。
第十處：after→when/before　考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：最后，當(dāng)我們離開(kāi)時(shí)/在我們離開(kāi)前，我們禁不住收集起垃圾。根據(jù)句意并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用when/before。

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