2020版高考英語新設(shè)計一輪復(fù)習(xí)外研全國版講義：必修4Module1LifeintheFuture-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意
1．brick n．　　　　　　　　　磚
2．concrete n. 混凝土
3．solar adj. 太陽的
4．landfill n. 垃圾填埋地
5．online adv. 聯(lián)機(jī)地
6．catalogue n. 目錄
7．recreation n. 娛樂；消遣
8．bowling n. 保齡球游戲
9．softball n. 壘球(運(yùn)動)
10．flick n. 輕打；輕彈
11．surgery n. 外科手術(shù)
12．telesurgery n. 遠(yuǎn)距離手術(shù)
13．outpatient n. 門診病人
14．clinic n. 診所
15．spaceport n. 宇航基地
16．colony n. 殖民地
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫其形
1．a(chǎn)lternative adj. 替換的；供選擇的
2．resource n. (常作復(fù)數(shù))資源
3．material n. 材料
4．a(chǎn)rrest vt. 逮捕；拘留
5．fire vt. 開火；啟動
6．limit n. (常作復(fù)數(shù))范圍
7．outdoors adv. 戶外
8．command n．[縱聯(lián)1] 命令；指令
9．charge n. 費(fèi)用；價錢
10．power vt. 供給動力
11．switch n. 開關(guān)
　　　　vi. 交換；調(diào)換
12．eventually adv. 最后；終于
13．shape vt. 造成……形狀；塑造
14．urban adj. 都市的；城市的
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變
1．mud n．泥→muddy adj.多泥的；泥濘的
2．crime n．罪；罪行→criminal n．罪犯；犯人 adj.犯罪的
3．risky adj.危險的；冒險的→risk vt.& n．冒險[縱聯(lián)2]
4．rely vi.依賴；依靠→reliable adj.可靠的；可信賴的
5．load vt.裝；裝載→unload vt.卸載→upload vt.上傳→download vt.下載
6．disability n．失去能力；傷殘→disable vt.使人喪失能力；使殘疾→disabled adj.有殘疾的；傷殘的[縱聯(lián)3]
7．a(chǎn)ttach vt.系；貼；連接→attachment n．附件
8．optimistic adj.樂觀的；樂觀主義的→optimism n．樂觀；樂觀主義[縱聯(lián)4]
9．definitely adv.無疑地；確定地→definite adj.肯定的；確定的
10．predict vt.預(yù)言；預(yù)料→prediction n．預(yù)測

縱聯(lián)1.“命令，指示”要記住
①command n．命令；指令　　　 ②order n．& v．命令；秩序
③direction n．指示；用法說明 ④instruction n．指令；指示
縱聯(lián)2.n.＋-y＝adj.
①risk→risky危險的；冒險的 ②dirt→dirty骯臟的
③luck→lucky幸運(yùn)的 ④noise→noisy喧鬧的
⑤wind→windy多風(fēng)的；有風(fēng)的 ⑥sleep→sleepy困倦的
縱聯(lián)3.名詞后綴-ity一覽
①disability失去能力；傷殘 ②possibility可能性
③equality平等 ④reality現(xiàn)實
⑤nationality國籍 ⑥security安全
⑦popularity受歡迎；普及；流行
縱聯(lián)4.“樂觀，悲觀”選一選
①optimistic adj. 樂觀的；樂觀主義的
②optimism n. 樂觀；樂觀主義
③optimist n. 樂觀主義者
④pessimistic adj. 悲觀的
⑤pessimism n. 悲觀；悲觀主義
⑥pessimist n. 悲觀主義者

單元話題——未來生活
子話題1　生活住所
?、賔lat n．公寓 ②bungalow n．平房
③roof n．屋頂；最高處 ④ceiling n．天花板
⑤balcony n．陽臺 ⑥garage n．車庫
⑦basement n．地下室 ⑧storey n．樓層
子話題2　家具及陳設(shè)
?、賒ecorate v．裝飾；布置 ②cupboard n．碗柜；食櫥
③drawer n．抽屜 ④couch n．睡椅；長沙發(fā)
⑤bookcase n．書柜 ⑥album n．相簿；唱片集
⑦armchair n．扶手椅 ⑧bench n．長凳；工作臺
[學(xué)考對接·活學(xué)活用]
高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用
1．(2015·四川高考閱讀B) Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on 　?　 (disable) for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.
And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for? manure (肥料)．
①用disable的正確形式填空：disability。-able為形容詞后綴，類似的單詞還有comfortable, knowledgeable, reasonable等
②寫出in exchange for在本單元中的近義詞：switch
2．(2011·浙江高考閱讀A) It's a problem that runs through the book.In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that 　?　 (crime) use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars.He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country.He says that once again not all new locks have proved 　?　 (rely)．Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets.Or changing social circumstances.Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex.It is shaped? by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in.Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
①用crime的正確形式填空：criminals
②用rely的正確形式填空：reliable。rely on/upon意為“依賴；依靠”，同義表達(dá)還有depend on/upon等
③寫出shape在句中的含義：塑造
高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用
(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞補(bǔ)全/翻譯句子)
1．(2018·天津高考書面表達(dá))附在這個郵件中的是我為我的小組制訂的訓(xùn)練計劃，我希望你能讀一下，看看它是否實用。(attach)
Attached_to_this_email is the training plan I have worked out for my team, which I hope you'll read to see if it's practical.
2．(2013·福建高考書面表達(dá))當(dāng)今，孩子們過多地依賴父母為他們做一切事情。(rely)
Nowadays_the_children_rely_more_on_their_parents_to_do_everything_for_them.
(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑
1．a(chǎn)lternative adj.替換的；供選擇的 n．可能的選擇；選擇對象
[記牢]
(1)an alternative to　　　　　　　 ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth. 別無選擇只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的選擇
(2)alternatively adv. 可供選擇地；或者
[練通]
單句語法填空
①Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative to gasoline.
②If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.
③Come with us, alternatively (alternative), meet us there.
一句多譯
如果他今晚想去香港，除了坐飛機(jī)外別無選擇。
④If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he has_no_alternative_but_to_go by air. (alternative)
⑤If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he has_no_choice_but_to_go by air. (choice)
⑥If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he can't_help_but_go by air. (help)
⑦If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he can't_choose_but_go by air. (choose)
[寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑧同時，我們應(yīng)該提高人們的環(huán)保意識，盡可能多地使用替代能源。
Meanwhile, we should improve people's awareness of protecting the environment and use_as_many_alternative_energy_resources_as_possible.
[聯(lián)想]　“別無選擇只好做……”的其他表達(dá)形式：
①have no choice but to do　?、赾an't (help) but do
③can't choose but do ④can do nothing but do
2．command n．[C]命令；指令；[U]掌握；指揮；控制 vt.命令；指揮
[記牢]
(1)at one's command　　　　　聽某人支配
have a (good) command of 掌握；精通(尤指語言)
take command of 控制；擔(dān)任……的指揮
(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that ...(should) do ... 命令……做……
[練通]
單句語法填空
①I'm at your command — what would you like me to do?
②If you do not serve others, you cannot take command of them.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
③The police commanded the witness to describe what had happened the day before.
→The police commanded that the witness (should)_describe_what_had_happened the day before.
[寫美]　翻譯句子
④(2015·陜西高考書面表達(dá))另外，我對英語掌握得如此好以至于我被選為英語課代表。
Besides,_I_have_such_a_good_command_of_English_that_I_am_elected_as_assistant_to_my_English_teacher.
[聯(lián)想]　command后面跟從句時，從句謂語用(should＋) do/be done，具有相同的用法的動詞有：
一堅持：insist
二命令：order, command
三建議：suggest, advise, recommend
四要求：demand, request, require, desire
再加一個敦促：urge
3．charge n．費(fèi)用；價錢；主管；負(fù)責(zé) v．收費(fèi)；控訴；充電
[記牢]
(1)take charge of　　　　　掌管；負(fù)責(zé)
in charge of 控制；管理(表示主動)
in/under the charge of sb. 受某人的管理(表示被動)
free of charge＝for free 免費(fèi)
(2)charge sb.for sth. 為某物向某人收取費(fèi)用
charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.
控告某人(做)某事
[練通]
單句語法填空
①The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels.
②How much did he charge you for repairing this pair of shoes?
補(bǔ)全句子
③With the ticket, you may get a French fries free_of_charge/for_free in KFC.
憑此券你可以在肯德基免費(fèi)得到一份法式炸薯條。
一句多譯
下周廠長不在時，我將負(fù)責(zé)整個工廠。
④I'll take_charge_of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
⑤I'll be in_charge_of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
⑥The whole factory will be in/under_the_charge_of_me next week when the director is away.
[寫美]　翻譯句子
⑦第三，我想知道六周課程的收費(fèi)是多少。
Thirdly,_I_wonder_how_much_you_will_charge_us_for_the_six-week_courses.
4．a(chǎn)ttach v．系；貼；連接；使附屬；使隸屬
[記牢]
(1)attach sth.to sth.　　　　將某事物與另一事物相聯(lián)系
attach oneself to sb./sth. 依附于某人；參加某事
attach importance/significance/value to 認(rèn)為……有重要性/有意義/有價值
(2)attached adj. 附屬的；依戀
be attached to 依戀；愛慕；留戀；附屬于
[練通]　單句語法填空
①M(fèi)y parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.
②One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached (attach) to the first page, giving me best wishes.
③Why did you attach yourself (you) to only one club when you want to learn more skills?
[用準(zhǔn)]　attach ...to ...中的to為介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。
[寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子
④正如這句話所揭示的那樣，我們青少年中的許多人對我們手機(jī)的重視程度超過了我們的朋友。
Just as this sentence reveals, many of us teenagers attach_much_more_importance_to our_phones_than_to_our_friends.
5．shape vt.造成……形狀；塑造n.形狀；體形
[記牢]
(1)shape ...into ...　　把……加工/塑造成……
(2)be in good/bad shape 情況良好/不佳
out of shape 變/走樣；不成樣子；身體不舒服
in the shape of 某種形狀的；呈……的形狀
[練通]
單句語法填空
①A new road, shaped (shape) like an L, is being built in our hometown.
②The children enjoy shaping the snow into figures of people and animals.
③I'm in pretty bad shape and I am always forgetting things.
補(bǔ)全句子
④Look! The front part of the car is now totally out_of_shape due to the crash.
看！由于碰撞，這輛車的前部現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全變形了。
[寫美]　翻譯句子
⑤(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))有些剪紙被塑造成龍的形狀，有些像蝴蝶和美麗的植物。
Some_paper-cutting_works_are_shaped_like_dragons,_some_butterflies_and_some _beautiful_plants.
[詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．I have this image of you as always being cheerful and optimistic (樂觀的)．
2．Eventually (最終) your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.
3．Change is much easier when you have many supporting partners and unlimited resources (資源)．
4．A new series of simple English reading materials (材料) for middle school students has come out this year.
5．It is not a secret that spending time outdoors (戶外) is good for us.
6．He switched (調(diào)換) from a back seat to a front one so that he could see clearly.
7．The lorry, loaded (裝載) with bricks, broke down suddenly in the middle of the bridge.
8．Do you take seriously his prediction (預(yù)測) of a government defeat?
9．He wants to find out what young people think about the future of urban (城市的) life.
10．(2018·江蘇高考)With these analyses in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a alternative (供選擇的) plan.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．Loaning money to someone you don't trust is a risky (risk) business.
2．The man was_arrested (arrest) by the police because he stole a car yesterday.
3．Several small businesses combined to form a large powerful (power) company.
4．Being exposed to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely (definite) harmful from all aspects.
5．She is deaf, but refuses to let her disability (disable) prevent her from doing what she wants to do.
6．My brother bought a teapot shaped (shape) like a Chinese duck, the price of which was much lower than expected.
7．Not many people agree with the government's prediction (predict) that the economy will improve.
8．Most people would rather that criminal (crime) was sentenced to life in prison.
9．With the development of society, we are optimistic about our future life.
10．True friends are that kind of people who are reliable (rely) and worth trusting.
Ⅲ.單句改錯
1．To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to become rich and famous.become→becoming
2．Who will take the charge of the company after the manager retires？去掉第一個the
3．The teacher gave a command that all the pupils gathered at once.gathered→(should)_gather
4．The doctor had no alternative but admit receiving bribery (賄賂)．but后加to
5．You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of the shape.去掉the
Ⅳ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1．沒有人能夠控制這種混亂的局勢。(command)
Nobody can take_command_of_the_situation where everything is in a mess.
2．父母應(yīng)該重視培養(yǎng)孩子良好的生活習(xí)慣。(attach)
Parents should attach_importance_to_developing children's good habits in life.
3．這座城市里所有的病人都在享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療。(charge)
All the patients are being treated free_of_charge in this city.
4．湯姆的生日蛋糕呈心形。(shape)
Tom's birthday cake was in_the_shape_of_a_heart.
5．你要么發(fā)言，要么保持沉默。(alternative)
You have_the_alternative_of_speaking or keeping quiet.

(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)

1．for_sure　　　　　　　　　肯定地
2．run_out (某物)用完；不多了；沒有了
3．rely_on 依靠
4．get_rid_of 除掉；處理掉
5．place_an_order/orders 訂購；下訂單
6．free_of_charge 免費(fèi)
7．use_up [串記1] 用完
8．look_out [串記2] 小心；當(dāng)心
9．for_a_start 首先
10．on_the_way_out [串記3] 即將被淘汰；即將過時
[同根短語串記]
串記1.“v.＋up”短語薈萃
①use up用完 ②make up組成；彌補(bǔ)；編造
③pick up撿起，拾起；學(xué)到 ④speed up加速
⑤turn up出現(xiàn)，到場 ⑥link up聯(lián)合，連接
串記2.“小心；當(dāng)心”多留意
①look out小心；當(dāng)心 ②watch out小心；提防
③take care注意；小心 ④be careful小心；細(xì)心
⑤be cautious小心；謹(jǐn)慎 ⑥mind out當(dāng)心；注意
串記3.走在同一條路(way)上
①on the way out即將過時 ②on the way在路上
③in the way阻擋 ④in a way在某種程度上
⑤in any way無論如何 ⑥in no way決不

1．make predictions 做出預(yù)測
2．in the future 將來，未來
3．natural resources 自然資源
4．recycled materials 可回收的材料
5．a(chǎn)lternative energy 可替代性能源
6．get married 結(jié)婚
7．have an effect on 對……有影響；產(chǎn)生效果
8．change one's life 改變某人的生活

1．Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no_matter_where they live.
每個人在出生時都會領(lǐng)到一個電話號碼，無論他們生活在什么地方，這個號碼都不會改變。
2．I'm too busy enjoying my life now to_worry_about the future!
我現(xiàn)在忙于享受生活而無暇為未來擔(dān)憂！
3．Not_all predictions come true.
并非所有的預(yù)言都會成為現(xiàn)實。
[學(xué)考對接·活學(xué)活用]
高考采擷(一)　完形中的短語(補(bǔ)全句子)
1．(2011·安徽高考完形填空) Along the way, I realized that I had_run_out_of (已經(jīng)用完) résumés (簡歷)．Seeing this, the man stopped at his business partner's office to make me fifteen more copies.
2．(2011·廣東高考完形填空) In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying_heavily_on (過于依賴) their teachers' directions.
高考采擷(二)　寫作中的短語和句式(補(bǔ)全句子/詞匯升級)
1．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))最吸引我們的是他們免費(fèi)給乒乓球球迷提供一些訓(xùn)練。
What attracts us most is that they offer some training to fans of table tennis free_of_charge.
2．(2018·江蘇高考書面表達(dá)) In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.(用本單元中的短語升級句中加黑的詞匯)place_an_order_for
3．(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá)) First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.(用本單元中的短語升級句中加黑的詞匯)For_a_start
4．(2018·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))因此，無論我們什么時候去購物，我們都應(yīng)該再考慮一下這些排名。(no matter＋疑問詞)
Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings no_matter_when_we_go_shopping.
5．(2014·福建高考書面表達(dá))這輛自行車看起來太重了，難以控制。(too ...to ...)
The bike seemed too_heavy_and_difficult_to_control.
6．(2014·山東高考寫作)“有志者，事竟成”是一條古老的諺語，幾乎每個人都知道，但不是所有人都能理解它。(not all表示部分否定)
“Where there is a will, there is a way” is an old proverb which almost everyone knows, but not_all_understand_it so well.
(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑
[短語集釋]
1．run out (某物)用完；不多了；沒有了
[記牢]
run out of　　　　　　用完；耗盡
use up 用完；耗盡
give out 用完；耗盡；筋疲力盡
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追蹤
run into 撞上；偶然碰見
[練通]　選用上述短語填空
①The taxi ran_into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
②We have already run_out_of/used_up our money and I don't know what to do next.
③I ran_across/into an old friend of mine in the street, whom I haven't seen for years.
④Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running_out/giving_out.We must act immediately before there's none left.
[辨清]　run out of, run out, use up, give out
run out of/
use up
及物動詞短語，表示主動含義，主語一般是人
run out/give out
不及物動詞短語，主語通常為時間、食物、金錢等。無被動形式，常用進(jìn)行式表將來
[寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑤(2016·10月浙江高考寫作)耗盡了精力和耐心，簡放棄了在小溪邊散步，然后就睡著了。
Running_out_of_energy_and_patience,_Jane gave up her walking along the stream and fell to sleep.
2．rely on依靠；依賴；相信；指望
[記牢]
(1)rely on/upon sb./sth.　指望某人/某事(物)
rely on sb.to do sth. 指望/相信某人做某事
rely on one's doing sth. 指望/相信/依賴某人做某事
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……
(2)reliable adj. 可依靠的；可信賴的
[練通]
單句語法填空
①To be honest, he is not a man who can be_relied (rely) on.
②Many people now would rely on surfing the Internet rather than read newspapers for news.
③My friend is a reliable (rely) person, and you can turn to him for help.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
④We rely on his finishing the work today.
→We rely on him_to_finish the work today.
→We rely on it_that_he_will_finish the work today.
[寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑤雖然廣告有很大的幫助，但我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該完全依賴它們。
Although advertisements are of great help, I don't think we should entirely_rely_on_them.
[聯(lián)想]　rely on的同義短語有：depend on/upon；count on/upon等。
[句式集釋]
1．too ...to do sth.“太……而不能做某事”
[教材原句]　I'm too busy enjoying my life now to_worry_about the future!
[悟拓展例句]
(1)He is still too_young_to_know the hardship of life.
他年齡太小，還不懂得生活的艱辛。
(2)As far as I know, they are too_anxious_to_leave.
據(jù)我所知，他們急于離開。
(3)(2018·北京高考)One is never_too_old_to_learn.
活到老，學(xué)到老。
[析用法規(guī)則]
用法歸納
(1)too ...to do sth.表示“太……而不能做某事”。
(2)某些形容詞與“too ...to ...”結(jié)構(gòu)連用時，too (＝very)表示肯定的意義。這些形容詞多為表示情感的詞，如glad, pleased, surprised, delighted, happy, willing, ready, eager, anxious等。
(3)“too ...to ...”結(jié)構(gòu)和never, not等否定副詞連用時，表示肯定意義，意為“無論……也不過分；越……越好”。
注意事項
too ...to結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定意義時，可以用not ...enough to和so ...that句式改寫。
[背寫作佳句]
(1)Worst of all, we may be too nervous to write down any answers.(要點(diǎn)句)
最糟糕的是，我們或許會太緊張而不能寫下任何答案。
(2)You are never too late to learn English.(要點(diǎn)句)
學(xué)英語永遠(yuǎn)不會晚。
2．not all表示部分否定
[教材原句]　Not_all predictions come true.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them aren't fit for the jobs.
＝It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them are fit for the jobs.
并非所有的求職者都能找到工作，因為不是所有人都能勝任這些工作。
(2)Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.
[諺]世上無難事，只怕有心人。
[析用法規(guī)則]
用法歸納
(1)英語中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等與否定詞not連用，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”。
(2)英語中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定”。
[背寫作佳句]
(1)A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.(開頭句)
(2)(2018·浙江高考寫作) Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that.(要點(diǎn)句)
[詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　
Ⅰ.選詞填空
place an order， for sure， free of charge， run out， get rid of， on the way out， use up， rely on
1．Having walked in the desert for several days, we felt exhausted, but we had to find a pool before water in the bottle ran_out.
2．You'd better not buy this cellphone, because it is on_the_way_out.
3．Once you pick up the bad habit of staying up too late, you will find it very difficult to get_rid_of it.
4．Jack is the right person you can rely_on to carry on the research when you are on vacation for the next two weeks.
5．If humans use_up all the mineral resources on the earth, what will become of the next generation?
6．One thing is for_sure,_Johnson won't give up his dream no matter how difficult it is on the way to success.
7．Sometimes, the entrance tickets are available free_of_charge from the university.
8．If you have decided which bike to buy, you can place_an_order for it on the Internet and we will send it right to your home.
Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1．首先，我們從那些雜亂的共享自行車開始，試著把它們整理好。 (start)
For_a_start,_we began with those messy shared bikes there and tried to put them in order.
2．當(dāng)世界用完了石油將用什么做能源呢？(run out)
What will the world use for power when it has_run_out_of_oil?
3．我同意你所說的大部分內(nèi)容，但是我并不是同意全部內(nèi)容。(部分否定)
I agree with most of what you said, but I don't_agree_with_everything.
4．無論你在哪里工作，你都能找到時間學(xué)習(xí)。(no matter＋疑問詞)
No_matter_where_you_work,_you can always find time to study.
5．聽到這個好消息，我太激動了以至于無法控制淚水。(too ...to ...)
Hearing the good news, I was too_excited_to_hold_back my tears.
Ⅲ.分步寫作
假定你是李華，主題為“未來生活”的演講比賽，即“中學(xué)生英語能力競賽(English Proficiency Competition for Middle School Students)”將在你校舉行。請你根據(jù)以下提示，以學(xué)生會的名義，給全體學(xué)生寫一則通知。要點(diǎn)包括：
1．比賽時間和地點(diǎn)；
2．比賽內(nèi)容及參加比賽的選手和評委；
3．歡迎參加比賽。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點(diǎn)
本文屬于應(yīng)用文中的通知，時態(tài)為一般將來時，人稱為第三人稱。文章共分三個層次：開頭應(yīng)直入主題，即介紹比賽的名稱、時間、地點(diǎn)(要點(diǎn)1)；接著介紹比賽內(nèi)容及參加比賽的選手和評委(要點(diǎn)2)；結(jié)尾為歡迎參加比賽(要點(diǎn)3)。要點(diǎn)的表達(dá)要力求準(zhǔn)確，也要學(xué)會靈活表達(dá)，避免生硬的翻譯。要點(diǎn)2需要進(jìn)行細(xì)化處理，如比賽內(nèi)容是什么，選手是誰，評委是誰。要點(diǎn)3表示歡迎時可以從參加活動的收獲上進(jìn)行表達(dá)。
要點(diǎn)1：我們很高興地通知你們，中學(xué)生英語能力競賽將于下周三上午在我校的演講大廳舉行。(被動語態(tài))
We_are_glad_to_inform_you_that_English_Proficiency_Competition_for_Middle_School_Students_is_to_be_held_in_the_lecture_hall_of_our_school_next_Wednesday_morning.
要點(diǎn)2－①：來自每個班級的每個參賽者將會聚集在一起，并就既定的主題——“未來生活”發(fā)表他們的演講。(deliver)
Each_competitor_from_each_class_will_gather_together_and_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic_—_Future_Life.
要點(diǎn)2－②：一些有經(jīng)驗的英語教師將被邀請擔(dān)任評委并發(fā)表評論。(remark)
Some_experienced_English_teachers_will_be_invited_to_be_judges_and_make_remarks.
要點(diǎn)3－①：歡迎參加這次比賽。
Welcome_to_attend_this_competition.
要點(diǎn)3－②：與一些評委和優(yōu)秀的英語學(xué)習(xí)者交流思想是一種寶貴的經(jīng)驗。
It_would_be_a_valuable_experience_to_exchange_ideas_with_some_judges_and_excellent_English_learners.
第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達(dá)更亮眼
為了使內(nèi)容更充實，我們需要對要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適度的拓展和升級。例如，要點(diǎn)2－①可以增加“演講比賽的時長”(它將從上午8：30開始，持續(xù)大約3個半小時)，并用“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句來升級；要點(diǎn)2－②介紹“評委”可以補(bǔ)加定語“我們學(xué)校英語系的”，“發(fā)表評論”也可以補(bǔ)加“關(guān)于選手的表現(xiàn)”。
拓展要點(diǎn)2－①：它將從上午8：30開始，持續(xù)大約3個半小時，在這段時間里，來自每個班級的每個參賽者將會聚集在一起，并就既定的主題——“未來生活”發(fā)表他們的演講。(介詞＋which)
It_will_start_at_8：30_a．m.and_last_about_three_and_a_half_hours,_during_which_time_each_competitor_from_each_class_will_gather_together_and_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic_—_Future_Life.
拓展要點(diǎn)2－②：我們學(xué)校英語系的一些有經(jīng)驗的英語教師將被邀請擔(dān)任評委，并就選手的表現(xiàn)發(fā)表評論。(English Deparment，介詞短語作定語)
Some_experienced_English_teachers_in_the_English_Department_of_our_school_will_be_invited_to_be_judges_and_make_remarks_on_the_performance_of_the_competitors.
第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡
本文寫作可以分兩段，即首段介紹通知的內(nèi)容和比賽內(nèi)容及參加比賽的選手和評委，尾段提出歡迎參加。要點(diǎn)1和要點(diǎn)2可以用連接詞and進(jìn)行內(nèi)部整合；在尾段提出歡迎參加時，可以用besides進(jìn)行連接；最后用“Don't miss it.”再次提醒全體學(xué)生不要錯過。
NOTICE
We_are_glad_to_inform_you_that_English_Proficiency_Competition_for_Middle_School_Students_is_to_be_held_in_the_lecture_hall_of_our_school_next_Wednesday_morning.It_will_start_at_8：30_a．m.and_last_about_three_and_a_half_hours,_during_which_time_each_competitor_from_each_class_will_gather_together_and_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic_—_Future_Life.And_some_experienced_English_teachers_in_the_English_Department_of_our_school_will_be_invited_to_be_judges_and_make_remarks_on_the_performance_of_the_competitors.
Welcome_to_attend_this_competition.Besides,_it_would_be_a_valuable_experience_to_exchange_ideas_with_some_judges_and_excellent_English_learners.Don't_miss_it.
The_Students'_Union

理清段落結(jié)構(gòu)之(一)　并列
并列式段落往往是列舉兩個事物或一個事物在不同情況下的相同或不同之處。利用這種段落結(jié)構(gòu)可速判閱讀七選五題型中的標(biāo)題類題目，對把握文章主旨、理解全文大意至關(guān)重要。
[高考典例1]　2016·全國卷Ⅱ·閱讀七選五節(jié)選
并列關(guān)系
●　17　
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants， flowers， patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　18(E)　.However， there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall (回憶) your childhood memories
…
根據(jù)并列的段落標(biāo)題，可知17題應(yīng)為祈使句，可初步斷定為A、B選項，由該段倒數(shù)第二句可知此題應(yīng)選A項。
A．Know why you garden　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
[高考典例2]　2012·遼寧卷·C篇
In the past two decades， the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently， the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art， history and philosophy (哲學(xué)). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States， at the same time， are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever， and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker， he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West， even if his birthday is.

總結(jié)出
孔子和中國文化對西方的影響。