2021高三統(tǒng)考北師大版英語一輪（經(jīng)典版）學案：第一編Book5Unit15Learning-學案下載-教習網(wǎng)

Unit 15　Learning

1.Education commences at the mother's knee, and every word spoken within the hearsay of children adds to the formation of character.
教育始于母親膝下，孩童耳聽一言一語，均影響其性格的形成。
2.Wise men learn by other men's mistakes; fools by their own.
聰明人從別人的錯誤中學習；笨人則從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓。
3.Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing worth knowing can be taught.
教育是令人羨慕的東西，但是要不時地記?。悍彩侵档弥赖模瑳]有一個是能夠教會的。
4.Experience keeps a dear school, yet fools will learn in no other.
經(jīng)驗始終是收費高的學校，然而，笨漢非進此學校不可。
自主排查夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)suspect (vt.) 懷疑→suspectable (adj.) 可疑的，值得懷疑的
(2)user (n.) 使用者→use (vt.) 使用，利用→useful (adj.) 有用的→useless (adj.) 無用的
(3)instruct (vt.) 指導，教導→instruction (n.) 指示，教育，說明→instructional (adj.) 教學的，教育的→instructive (adj.) 富有教益的，教育性的
(4)bury (vt.) 埋葬
(5)distinguish (vt.) 區(qū)別，辨別→distinguishable (adj.) 可區(qū)別的，可辨別的→distinguishing (adj.) 有區(qū)別的→distinguished (adj.) 卓越的，尊貴的
(6)alternative (adj.) 非傳統(tǒng)的；另類的；可供替代的→alternatively (adv.) (引出第二種選擇或可能的建議)要不；或者→alternation (n.) 交替，輪流→alter (vt.) 改變；變化
(7)reputation (n.) 名譽，名聲→reputable (adj.) 聲譽好的，有聲望的
(8)obey (vt.) 服從，聽從
(9)outstanding (adj.) 優(yōu)秀的，杰出的→outstandingly (adv.) 非常，極好
(10)select (vt.) 挑選；選舉→selected (adj.) 挑選出來的→selection (n.) 選擇，選舉→selective (adj.) 選擇性的，選擇的→selectively (adv.) 有選擇地，選擇性地
(11)misunderstand (vt.) 誤解→misunderstanding (n.) 誤解
(12)lack (vt.& n．) 缺乏，沒有→lacking (adj.) 缺乏的，不足的
(13)drag (vt.) 拉；拖→draggy (adj.) 冗長乏味的
(14)access (n.) 機會，權(quán)利；入口，通路→accessible (adj.) 易接近的；易于理解的→accessibly (adv.) 可接近地；易受影響地
(15)worthwhile (adj.) 值得做的→worth (adj.) (同義詞)值得的，價值……的→worthy (adj.)(同義詞) 值得的
(16)acquire (vt.) 得到，獲得→acquired (adj.) 習得的，養(yǎng)成的→acquirement (n.) 獲得，取得；學到的東西
(17)thinking (n.) 思考，考慮→think (vt.) 思考，想→thinker (n.) 思想家→thought (n.) 想法
(18)defence (n.) 保衛(wèi)，保護→defend (vt.) 保衛(wèi)，保護
(19)ignore (vt.) 忽視，不顧，不理睬→ignorance (n.) 無知，愚昧
(20)assumption (n.) 假定，假設(shè)→assume (vt.) 以為；認為；假定為→assumed (adj.) 假定的，假設(shè)的→assumptive (adj.) 假設(shè)的
(21)urge (vt.) 力勸，強烈要求→urgent (adj.) 緊急的，急迫的→urgently (adv.) 緊急地
(22)inspire (v.) 啟發(fā)；鼓舞→inspired (adj.) 卓越的；受鼓舞的→inspiration (n.) 靈感
(23)beneficial (adj.) 有用的，有益的→benefit (vt.) 有利于，有助于 (n.) 利益，好處
(24)image (n.) 印象；意象；形象→imagination (n.) 想象力，空想→imaginative (adj.) 想象的，幻想的
(25)adapt (vt.) 使適應(yīng)；改編→adaptable (adj.) 可適應(yīng)的→adaptation (n.) 適應(yīng)；改編版
(26)appreciation (n.) 欣賞，感激；鑒賞力→appreciate (vt.) 欣賞；感激→appreciative (adj.) 感激的；有欣賞力的
Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)spelling (n.) 拼法→spell (vt.) 拼寫
(2)correction (n.) 改進，改正→correct (vt.) 改正→correctional (adj.) 改造的；懲治的→corrective (adj.) 糾正的，改正的
(3)simplify (vt.) 簡化→simplification (n.) 簡單化，單純化→simple (adj.) 簡單的→simply (adv.) 簡單地
(4)blank (adj.) 空白的
(5)throat (n.) 咽喉，喉嚨
(6)status (n.) 現(xiàn)狀；社會地位
(7)punishment (n.) 懲罰，處罰→punish (vt.) 處罰，懲罰
(8)loose (adj.) 寬松的；放縱的→loosely (adv.) 輕率地；不嚴謹?shù)亍鷏oosen (vt.) 松開，解開
(9)pace (n.) 速度，步速→paced (adj.) 步伐的，步調(diào)的
(10)reflect (vt.) 反映；反射→reflected (adj.) 反射的→reflection (n.) 反射，沉思
(11)pour (vt.) 倒，灌
(12)flame (n.) 火焰，火舌 (vi.) 燃燒，起火
(13)fellow (n.) 同伴
(14)rank (n.) 職銜
(15)religion (n.) 宗教→religious (adj.) 宗教的；虔誠的→religiously (adv.) 篤信地；虔敬地
(16)civilisation (n.) 文明→civilise (vt.) 使文明，使開化→civilised (adj.) 文明的
(17)vital (adj.) 極其重要的→significant (adj.) (同義詞) 很重要的→important (adj.) (同義詞) 重要的

　[單句語法填空]
1.He ________ (suspect) that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin.
答案：suspected
2.The guide provides full ________ (instruct) on how to care for it.
答案：instructions
3.He ________ (bury) in piles of papers when I entered the room.
答案：was buried
4.Sometimes it's hard ________ (distinguish) reality from fantasy.
答案：to distinguish
5.I ________ (select) a file and pressed the Delete key.
答案：selected
6.He is a teacher who is ________ (worth) of respect.
答案：worthy
7.In fact, I ________ (ignore) his view on the subject, for his idea strayed from the theme.
答案：ignored
8.Recently, her achievements ________ (inspire) me to make more effort.
答案：have inspired
9.We need to challenge some of the basic ________ (assume) of western philosophy.
答案：assumptions
10.Using computers has a ________ (benefit) effect on children's learning.
答案：beneficial
聯(lián)想積累
　前綴為mis－的動詞
①misunderstand誤解
②miscalculate 誤算
③misread 誤讀
④mislead 誤導
⑤misteach 錯誤/拙劣地教導
⑥misdescribe 錯誤描述
⑦misbelieve誤信
⑧mistrust不信任
⑨mislike 不喜歡，厭惡
⑩misapply 誤用，濫用
?misapprehend 誤解，誤會
?misbehave 行為不端
?miscarry 失敗，流產(chǎn)
?miscount 算錯

1.fail to do sth. 沒能做某事/做某事失敗
2.lay off 裁員，解雇，下崗
3.aside from 除……之外
4.switch off 關(guān)掉，切斷
5.contribute to 有助于，促成
6.hand out 分發(fā)
7.to a certain extent 在某種程度上
8.add up to 總計達
9.set off 出發(fā)；引發(fā)
10.loose conduct 行為不檢點，品行不端
11.in_person 親自
12.have_access_to 有機會接觸到……
13.tend_to 往往會，傾向于
14.be_accustomed_to 習慣于
15.put_forward 提出
16.approve_of 支持，贊成，批準
17.in_other_words 換句話說
18.as_a_whole 總的說來
19.be_relevant_to 與……有關(guān)
20.in_conclusion 總之
　[選詞填空]
lay off， contribute to， to a certain extent， tend to， have access to， be accustomed to， put forward， in other words， as a whole， be relevant to
1.Some of the material presented may not ________ you or your circumstances.
答案：be relevant to
2.The firm ran into severe financial difficulties and was forced ________ a lot of employees.
答案：to lay off
3.We must consider these matters________.
答案：as a whole
4.Your efforts must ________ your success in the future.
答案：contribute to
5.I ________ see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.
答案：tend to
6.He has another appointment tomorrow. ________， I don't think he'll be attending your gathering.
答案：In other words
7.As long as you are a student of this school, you ________ the school library.
答案：have access to
8.She ________ getting eight hours of sleep a night.
答案：is accustomed to
9.________， the article reflected the reality.
答案：To a certain extent
10.I don't know why he had the courage to ________ suggestions at the meeting.
答案：put forward
聯(lián)想積累
1.常用插入語
①in other words換句話說
②as a whole 總的說來
③in fact實際上，事實上
④in one's opinion在某人來看
⑤in general通常；一般而言；大體上
⑥in a word 總之，簡言之
⑦in a few words總而言之；一言蔽之
⑧by the way順便說，順便問
⑨as a result結(jié)果
⑩for example例如
?on the contrary正相反
?to one's surprise使某人吃驚的是
?in short總之，簡言之
聯(lián)想積累
?as a matter of fact事實上
?I think我認為，我想
?in conclusion總之
?in brief簡言之
?what's more 另外，而且
?what's worse更糟的是
?that is (to say) 那就是說
2.“動詞＋off”組成的短語
①lay off 裁員，解雇，下崗
②switch/turn off 關(guān)掉
③face off 對抗
④fall off 脫落；跌落；下降
⑤get off 下來；脫下；動身
⑥go off 離開；響起；進行；變質(zhì)；入睡
⑦leave off 停止
⑧kick off 開始干某事；開球
⑨make off 逃走，匆忙離開
⑩take off 起飛；脫下；突然成功
?pay off 還清；取得成功；得到回報
?come off 實現(xiàn)；脫落；舉行
?cut off 切斷，切掉；阻隔
?set off出發(fā)；引發(fā)
?send off寄出；派遣

課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓練
1.So many people think that after you retire, all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you've ever learnt.
很多人認為退休后，你所能做的就是不再動腦，忘掉所學過的一切。(P36)
all you can do is＋do sth. 不定式作表語，對主語進行解釋說明。當主語部分有實義動詞do的任何一種形式時，作表語的不定式省去to
I felt that the kindest thing I can do now would be ________________.
我覺得我現(xiàn)在能做的最仁慈的事就是走開。
2.It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
我們?nèi)绾潍@得知識和理解現(xiàn)在似乎顯而易見。(P42)
形式主語 it＋系動詞seem/be ... ＋adj.＋主語從句
______________________ they want to leave us behind.
很明顯，他們想把我們甩在后面。

答案：1.walk away　2.It is obvious that
直擊重點突破考點

①　suspect vt. 懷疑(P36)

(1)單句語法填空
①The two officials ________ (suspect) of taking a bribe.
②We trusted him so we never suspected ________ he was doing.
答案：①are suspected　②what
(2)單句寫作
I suspected her ________________ my wallet.
我懷疑她偷了我的錢包。
答案：of stealing

(1)suspect sb. of (doing) ... 懷疑某人(做了)……
suspect sb./sth. 懷疑某人/某事
suspect＋that從句(或其他名詞性從句) 懷疑……
It's suspected that ... 人們懷疑……
(2)suspicious adj. 可疑的；令人懷疑的
be suspicious of/about sth. 對某事懷疑
②　distinguish vt. 區(qū)別，辨別(P37)

(1)單句語法填空
①People who can't distinguish ________ colours are said to be colour－blind.
②It is hard to distinguish one twin ________ the other.
答案：①between?、趂rom
(2)單句寫作
What was it that ____________________ her classmates？
是什么使得她有別于班上其他同學呢？
答案：distinguished her from

(1)distinguish ... from ... 把……加以區(qū)別
distinguish between ... and ... 識別，辨別，區(qū)分
distinguish oneself 表現(xiàn)突出
(2)distinguishable adj. 可區(qū)別的；可辨識的
(3)distinguishing adj. 有區(qū)別的
(4)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
③　alternative adj. 非傳統(tǒng)的；另類的；可供替代的　n. 可供選擇的事物(P38)

(1)單句語法填空
①The alternative to ________ (stay) in that dead-end job is to quit.
②I'm afraid I have no alternative but ________ (report) you to the police.
答案：①staying?、趖o report
(2)單句寫作
I'm also devoted to listening to ________________.
我也喜歡聽一些比較另類的音樂。
答案：alternative music

(1)have no alternative but to do sth.只能做某事，除……之外別無選擇
there is no alternative but to do sth. 只能做某事
the alternative to (doing) sth. ……的替代
(be) faced with two alternatives面臨兩種選擇
(2)alternatively adv. 要不；或者

alternative后接to, to是介詞，介詞后用動名詞形式，不用不定式。
④　lack vt.& n. 缺乏，沒有(P40)

(1)單句語法填空
①He ________ (lack) the judgement and political intelligence for the post of chairman.
②She is very popular and does not lack ________ friends.
答案：①lacked/lacks?、趂or
(2)單句改錯
Many people die because lack of access to new cancer drugs.
______________________________________________________________
答案：because→for

(1)lack sth. 缺乏/缺少某物(無被動結(jié)構(gòu))
lack for ... 缺乏……(常用于否定句)
lack for nothing 什么也不缺
(2)for lack of 因缺乏……，因沒有……
no lack of 不缺乏
a lack of ... 缺乏……
(3)be lacking in sth. 缺少某物
⑤　ignore vt. 忽視，不理睬，不顧(P42)

(1)單句語法填空
①I was deeply hurt by the way she just ________ (ignore) me.
②I don't like the feeling of ________ (ignore) in public.
答案：①ignored　②being ignored
(2)單句寫作
I agree in principle, but we can't ________________.
我原則上同意，但我們不能忽視這些差異。
答案：ignore the differences

ignore sb./sth. 忽視某人/物
⑥　urge vt. 力勸，強烈要求(P42)

(1)單句語法填空
①The teacher urged ________ us the necessity of practice.
②They urged the school board ________ (approve) plans for their reform programme.
答案：①on/upon　②to approve
(2)單句改錯
The report urged that all children were taught to swim.
______________________________________________________________
答案：were→(should) be

(1)urge sb. to do sth. 力勸某人做某事
urge sth. on/upon sb. 竭力主張某人做某事，向某人強調(diào)某事
urge sb. into/towards doing sth. 催促/敦促某人做某事
urge that ... /It is urged that ... (should＋動詞原形，should可省略)竭力主張……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 緊急的
(4)urgently adv. 緊急地，急迫地
(5)urgency n. 緊急，緊急的事
⑦　inspire vt. 激發(fā)，啟發(fā)；鼓舞；使產(chǎn)生(某種感覺或情感)(P43)

(1)單句語法填空
①His passion for literature inspired him ________ (begin) writing.
②The teacher inspires confidence ________ his students.
答案：①to begin?、趇n
(2)單句寫作
He is one of ______________________ people I've ever met.
他是我見過的最能鼓舞人心的人之一。
答案：the most inspiring

(1)inspire sb. to do sth.激發(fā)某人做某事
inspire sb. with ... 啟發(fā)某人產(chǎn)生……
inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人的……(某種情感)
(2)inspired adj. 卓越的，激動人心的
inspiring adj. 激勵人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的
(3)inspiration n. 靈感，鼓舞人心的人或物
⑧　beneficial adj. 有用的，有益的(P43)

(1)單句語法填空
①It is beneficial ________ the society and the people.
②I have benefited ________ learning a foreign language.
答案：①to?、趂rom
(2)單句寫作
A culture of one nation may become international, which __________________ all mankind.
一個國家的文化可能成為世界文化，這對全人類都有益。
答案：is beneficial for

(1)be beneficial for/to ... 對……有益
(2)benefit vt.& n. 利益，好處
benefit sb. 使某人受益
benefit from/by ... 從……中獲益
(3)be of (great) benefit (to ... ) (對)……(大)有裨益
for the benefit of 為了……的利益
⑨　adapt vt. (使)適應(yīng)；改編(P44)

(1)單句語法填空
①We adapted ourselves quickly ________ life in Paris.
②This TV play series is adapted ________ the well-known novel of the same name.
答案：①to?、趂rom
(2)單句寫作
These tractors ______________________________ in very cold climates.
這些拖拉機已被改裝，方便在寒冷氣候環(huán)境中使用。
答案：have been adapted for use

(1)adapt oneself/sth. to ... 使自己/某物適應(yīng)于……
(2)adapt ... for ... 改編/改造……為……之用
be adapted from ... 根據(jù)……改寫或改編
(3)adaptation n. 適應(yīng)；改編(本)
(4)adaptable adj. 能適應(yīng)的

①　fail to沒能(做)……(P36)

(1)單句語法填空
①He failed ________ his attempt to break the record.
②They failed ________ (rank) in the top ten.
答案：①in　②to be ranked
(2)單句改錯
He felt he was failure.
______________________________________________________________
答案：was后加a

fail in (doing) sth. 沒做成某事；做某事失敗
never fail to do ... 從來不會忘記做某事……
words fail sb. 某人說不出話來；一時語塞
failure n. 失??；失敗的人/事(作此意講時為可數(shù)名詞)

fail表示“在……方面失敗”時，可以用作及物動詞，其后不用任何介詞，直接跟賓語；也可用作不及物動詞，其后一般接介詞in。
②　lay off 裁員，解雇，下崗(P36)

(1)單句語法填空
①They often lay ________ workmen during a business depression.
②He ________ (lay) off because of his being late and laziness.
答案：①off　②was laid
(2)單句寫作
①She ______________ some money each month for emergencies.
她每月存一些錢以備急用。
②The terrorists were urged to __________________ their arms.
恐怖分子被敦促放下武器。
答案：①lays aside?、趌ay down

lay aside 擱置一旁；儲存
lay down放下(武器)；(正式)闡述，聲明
③　aside from 除……之外(P36)

(1)單句語法填空
①________ from the little savings I have no other money.
②Aside from ________ (delicious), this kind of food is also nutritious.
答案：①Aside　②being delicious
(2)單句寫作
______________________________， the book is also beautifully illustrated.
除了寫得好，這本書的插圖也很漂亮。
答案：Aside from being well written

表示“除……之外”的詞或短語：
besides, except, except for, apart from, aside from, other than, in addition to等。
④　contribute to 有助于，促成，導致；貢獻；捐助；投稿給(P38)

(1)單句語法填空
①I am sure that this meeting will contribute ________ the reinforcement of peace and security all over the world.
②He contributed articles ________ the magazine.
③He has made great ________ (contribute) to the friendship between the two nations.
答案：①to　②to　③contributions
(2)單句改錯
Technology has contributed to improve our lives.
______________________________________________________________
答案：improve→improving

(1)contribute ... to ... 把……捐獻給……；向(報社等)投稿
(2)contribution n. 貢獻
make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth. 為(做)某事作出貢獻
⑤　to a certain extent 在某種程度上(P39)

(1)單句語法填空
________ a certain extent, it is a creative act in terms of design.
答案：To
(2)單句改錯
①You are right to certain extent.
______________________________________________________________
②Its success will depend to a greatly extent on local attitudes.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①to后加a　②greatly→great

to some/a limited extent 從某種/在一定的程度上來說
to a great/large extent 在很大程度上

“在某種程度上”還可以用in a way表示。
⑥　have access to有接觸到……的權(quán)利，能使用……，接近，靠近(P40)

(1)單句語法填空
Nowadays children have easy access ________ computers.
答案：to
(2)單句改錯
①You will have an access to both User and Admin pages.
______________________________________________________________
②In some cases, you may not have access to see sensitive business data.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①去掉an?、趕ee→seeing

(1)gain/get access to獲得……機會或權(quán)利
seek access to尋求；獲得
have no access to 沒有……的機會；無法接近
(2)accessible adj. 易達到的；易接近的
be accessible to 可靠近的；容易進入的

access前通常不加冠詞，且相關(guān)短語中的to為介詞。
⑦　be accustomed to＝be used to習慣于(P42)

(1)單句語法填空
①My eyes became ________ (accustom) to the darkness after a while.
②Most consumers are accustomed to ________ (hunt) for bargains.
答案：①accustomed?、趆unting
(2)單句寫作
You may ______________________________ a monthly fee for your phone.
你可能習慣于按月支付話費。
答案：be accustomed to paying

accustom sb./oneself to ... 使某人習慣于……；養(yǎng)成……的習慣
be accustomed/used to (doing) sth. 習慣于(做)某事
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth. 變得習慣/適應(yīng)(做)某事
⑧　approve of支持，贊成(P42)

(1)單句語法填空
①The council is considering whether ________ (approve) of the use of firearms.
②I didn't approve ________ what she was saying, so I walked away.
③The budget ________ (approve) by parliament.
答案：①to approve　②of?、踳as approved
(2)單句改錯
Do you approve the way he is handling the thing？
______________________________________________________________
答案：approve后加of

approve of (sb.'s doing) sth. 贊成(某人做)某事

approve作“贊成，同意”解時用作不及物動詞，常與of連用，這時其后可接包括人在內(nèi)的名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。作“批準，通過”解時用作及物動詞。
⑨　be relevant to 與……有關(guān)(P44)

(1)單句語法填空
①These comments are not directly relevant ________ what he did.
②He is required to collect information which may ________ relevant to the case.
答案：①to　②be
(2)單句寫作
We are trying to make politics ____________________ young people.
我們試圖使政治活動更加貼近年輕人。
答案：more relevant to

(1)a relevant question一個相關(guān)的問題
(2)表示“與……相關(guān)”的短語：
be related to, be bound up with, be connected with, be linked with/to, be associated with

①　[教材原句]In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.
在過去，如果像我這樣的人沒能通過大學考試進入大學，他就沒有機會獲得學位。(P36)

(1)單句語法填空
①If I had been there, I ________ (help) her to get through the hard time.
②If you ________ (study) harder, you would have been admitted into a key university.
答案：①would have helped?、趆ad studied
(2)單句寫作
If you ________________ to me, you would have a healthy body now.
如果你那時要是聽我的話，你現(xiàn)在就有一個健康的體魄。
答案：had listened

if＋從句主語＋had done，主句主語＋would＋have done
本句型是虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用，是對過去情況的假設(shè)。若主、從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，動詞的形式要根據(jù)具體情況作出調(diào)整。若從句動作發(fā)生于過去，主句動作發(fā)生于現(xiàn)在，則從句中謂語動詞用“had done”，主句中謂語動詞用“would＋動詞原形”，這種虛擬被稱之為“錯綜時間虛擬語氣”。
②　[教材原句]I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.
我認為到了我成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的時候了。(P36)

(1)單句語法填空
①I think it is high time that you ________ (make) up your mind.
②She agreed that it was time that he ________ know what was in the box.
答案：①made/should make　②should
(2)單句改錯
Obviously, it is high time that we will take some measures to solve the problem.
______________________________________________________________
答案：will→should

It is (high/about) time (that) ... 從句的謂語用動詞的過去式或“should＋動詞原形”表虛擬語氣，此處should不省略。
③　[教材原句]I had no idea what an atom was and I didn't really want to know either！
我不知道原子是什么，我也不想知道！(P40)

(1)單句語法填空
①You have no idea ________ depressed it made me.
②We've no idea ________ his state of health is but at least we know he is still alive.
答案：①how?、趙hat
(2)單句寫作
I ____________________ there was such a thing before.
我都不記得這事情了。
答案：have no idea that

have an/no idea＋同位語從句
引導同位語從句的連接詞可以是that(在句中不作成分，沒有語意)，whether(不作成分，意為“是否”)，what, which, who, whom, whose, how, when, where(作成分，有語意)。后接同位語從句的常用詞有：ability, advice, announcement, answer, argument, belief, chance, conclusion, decision, demand, doubt, evidence, explanation, fact, idea, impression, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proposal, question, remark, reply, saying, suggestion, thought, view, word等。
④　[教材原句]But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times.
但是，盡管亞里士多德是一個偉人，曾啟迪了許多在他之后的偉大科學家和哲學家，但他有時也會出錯。(P43)

(1)單句語法填空
①He will not tell the secret ________ he knows it.
②________ I'm quite a reserved person, I like meeting people.
答案：①even though/if　②Even though/if
(2)單句寫作
I like her, ________________ she can be annoying at times.
我喜歡她，盡管她有的時候有點煩人。
答案：even though/if

even though/if引導讓步狀語從句，兩者意思相近，基本可互換使用，even if偏假設(shè)，even though偏事實。
⑤　[教材原句]He seems to know everything about geography and is always telling us interesting facts.
他似乎對地理知識了如指掌，總是給我們講有趣的事實。(P47)

(1)單句語法填空
She is always ________ (quarrel) with her mother every time she returns home.
答案：quarreling
(2)單句寫作
Comrade Lei Feng ______________________ others.
雷鋒同志總是助人為樂。
答案：was always helping/was always ready to help

現(xiàn)在進行時與頻度副詞always/constantly/continually等連用，表達說話人的一種贊賞、反對、埋怨等情緒，用以加強語氣。
課文回練升華運用
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Sun Wen is 28 years old. Since his __1__ (fail) in the college entrance exam, he has been studying for a degree while __2__ (keep) a secure full－time job, and he is about to graduate now. He has his new qualification which makes him __3__ (promote) at work. His advice for us is that “It's never too late to learn.” Ms Tang is 45 years old. When she knew that she would be laid off, her mind went blank and her heart __4__ (swell) with anger. She __5__ (suspect) that it was not right for the company to lay her off because in the past the workers would have stayed in the company until retirement if they had worked for it for over 20 years. Grandpa Chen is 75 years old. He is teaching __6__ (him) new tricks every day, which certainly proves the __7__ (say) “You can't teach an old dog new tricks.” is not true. He had been sending letters __8__ airmail to his daughter in the US once a week, but later the postage went up, __9__ made him become __10__ Internet user.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.failure　2.keeping　 3.promoted　4.swelled　 5.suspected　6.himself　 7.saying　 8.by　 9.which　 10.an
基礎(chǔ)達標自主訓練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.If they ________ (arrive) earlier, they would have caught up with the last train.
答案：had arrived　根據(jù)句意可知，是對過去動作的虛擬，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用had done，故填had arrived。
2.If he had taken my advice, he would not ________ (fire).
答案：have been fired　對過去動作的虛擬，主句應(yīng)該用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)，且fire與主語之間存在被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。
3.My brother ________ (lay) off three months ago. And now he is considering going back to school for new skills.
答案：was laid　表示“三個月前被解雇”應(yīng)該用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
4.If you ________ (make) out a better plan for that, I think you would complete it ahead of time.
答案：made/should make　根據(jù)句意可知，此處是對將來動作的虛擬，從句中動詞應(yīng)該用過去式或“should＋動詞原形”。
5.The boy is always ________ (give) me a helping hand whenever I am in trouble.
答案：giving　現(xiàn)在進行時與頻度副詞連用，表達說話人的一種贊賞、反對、埋怨等情緒，用以加強語氣。
6.You should often go out for a walk. Fresh air and exercise can contribute ________ good health.
答案：to　contribute to表示“有助于”。
7.To ________ certain extent, what you said to him inspired him to keep on his career.
答案：a　to a certain extent表示“在某種程度上”。
8.I received the sad news ________ he had been killed in a motorcycle accident.
答案：that　根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空后的句子陳述了news的具體內(nèi)容，故判定其為同位語從句，從句中成分及語意完整，故用that引導。
9.If you are admitted into this school, you can have access to ________ (learn) in the school library.
答案：learning　句中have access to中to是介詞，后跟動名詞作介詞的賓語。
10.Goldbach's conjecture is hard ________ (overcome), otherwise people should have solved all the problems.
答案：to overcome　本句是常用句型“主語＋be＋adj.＋to do (的主動式)”，此時不定式作主補，主動形式表被動含義。
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1.This task would have been finished __________________________________ (如果你們要是及時給予我們援助的話).
答案：if you had given aid to us in time
2.We will manage to accomplish the task on time ______________ (縱然任務(wù)艱巨).
答案：even though it is difficult
3.As long as we ____________________ using computers, we will make great progress in our study.
只要我們習慣了使用電腦，我們的學習就會取得很大的進步。
答案：are accustomed to/are used to
4.______________________________________________________________
總的說來，在老師的幫助下，我開始喜歡學英語了。(as a whole)
答案：As a whole, with the help of my teacher, I began to like learning English.
5.______________________________________________________________
現(xiàn)在該是我們采取嚴厲措施保護環(huán)境的時候了。
答案：Now it is high time that we took strict measures to protect environment.
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2019·山東省濰坊市高三4月二模)Cambridge University in the UK acknowledged on Monday that it did consider a Chinese student's score on the national college entrance exams known __1__ the gaokao for new admissions. It also stressed that admissions are not only based on test scores but a comprehensive __2__ (assess) of each applicant. The response came after inquiries poured in over the last two days __3__ (follow) news reports claiming Cambridge started accepting China's gaokao scores from new __4__ (applicant).
The reports __5__ (apparent) raised hopes of many Chinese students and parents __6__ thought entrance requirements to the storied university had now become somewhat __7__ (easy). Many netizens even joked __8__ they could retake their gaokao and get a better mark they would apply to the famed university. The university, however, says it __9__ (consider) gaokao scores for years, requiring a student __10__ (rank) in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province. Students also have to pass the still-required test, IELTS.
In addition to Cambridge University, there are six other universities in the UK that recognize gaokao scores.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了英國劍橋大學對于中國新的申請者接受高考成績作為錄取標準之一后各界的反映。
1.as　考查固定搭配。known as sth. 為固定搭配，意為“以……而著稱”。
2.assessment　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞comprehensive通常修飾名詞，故填assess的名詞形式assessment。
3.following　考查非謂語動詞。句子主語The response與follow為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作原因狀語。
4.applicants　考查名詞。applicant是可數(shù)名詞，而且此處指所有新的申請者，故填復(fù)數(shù)形式applicants。
5.apparently　考查副詞。此處修飾動詞raised需用副詞，故用副詞形式apparently。
6.who/that　考查定語從句的引導詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導定語從句，先行詞為students and parents，指人，并且在從句中作主語，故用引導詞who/that。
7.easier　考查形容詞的比較級。此處指許多中國學生和家長認為現(xiàn)在劍橋大學的錄取要求相比以前變得更容易了，故用形容詞的比較級形式easier。
8.if　考查連詞。句意：很多網(wǎng)民甚至開玩笑說如果他們可以重新參加高考并得到一個不錯的分數(shù)，他們將申請名校。if此處作連詞，意為“假如，要是，如果”。
9.has considered　考查動詞的時態(tài)。此處陳述的是客觀事實，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時；同時根據(jù)時間狀語for years可知，用一般現(xiàn)在完成時。
10.to rank　考查固定用法。require sb. to do sth. 為固定用法，意為“要求某人做某事”。
Ⅳ.短文改錯
(2019·陜西名校聯(lián)盟高三模擬聯(lián)考卷)
Dear Emily，
I'm glad to hear that you are going to learning Chinese folk dance in China. I'm more than happier to recommend an excellent teacher—Miss Chen for you.
Miss Chen is the best dance teachers in our school. I used to watch Miss Chen's performances of Chinese folk dance, which really impress me. I have seen almost all of her performances in our school. She has helped many students which want to learn folk dance, including me. In an addition, Miss Chen is patient or enthusiastic about teaching. I believe you will achieve a lot with help.
I hope you can take my suggestion into carefully consideration. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Wang Ming
答案：
Dear Emily，
I'm glad to hear that you are going to Chinese folk dance in China. I'm more than to recommend an excellent teacher—Miss Chen you.
Miss Chen is the best dance in our school. I used to watch Miss Chen's performances of Chinese folk dance, which really me. I have seen almost all of her performances in our school. She has helped many students want to learn folk dance, including me. In addition, Miss Chen is patient enthusiastic about teaching. I believe you will achieve a lot with help.
I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Wang Ming
難項分析：
第五處：impress→impressed　考查動詞的時態(tài)。這是發(fā)生在過去的動作，故用一般過去時。
第六處：which→who/that　考查定語從句的引導詞。此處為定語從句，先行詞為students，指人，在從句中作主語，故用who/that來引導。
第七處：去掉an　考查固定搭配。in addition “另外，此外”，固定搭配。