Book 5

Unit 13　People


1.Because friendships can enhance our lives, it is strongly believed that we should cultivate them.
因?yàn)橛颜x能增加生活的意義，人們堅(jiān)信應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)友誼。
2.As empty vessels make the loudest sound, those who have least wit are the greatest babblers.
正像空容器發(fā)出最大聲音，智力最低者最善于嘮叨不休。
3.Familiar paths and old friends are the best.
熟路好遵循，老友最可珍。
4.Don't try to win a friend by presenting gifts. You should instead contribute your sincere love and learn how to win others' hearts in appropriate ways.
不要靠饋贈(zèng)去獲得朋友，你必須奉獻(xiàn)你誠(chéng)摯的愛(ài)，學(xué)會(huì)怎樣用正當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉?lái)贏得別人的心。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)strength (n.) 長(zhǎng)處，優(yōu)勢(shì)；力量→strong (adj.) 強(qiáng)壯的，有力量的→strengthen (vt.) 加強(qiáng)
(2)gain (vt.) 獲得，增加→gainful (adj.) 有利益的，有利可圖的→gainfully (adv.) 有利可圖地
(3)concentrate (vi.) 集中(思想、注意力等)→concentrated (adj.) 決心要做的；集中的，濃縮的→concentration (n.) 集中，集合
(4)associate (vt.) 聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系→association (n.) 聯(lián)系，聯(lián)盟→associative (adj.) 聯(lián)想的
(5)expression (n.) 表情；詞語(yǔ)→express (vt.) 表達(dá)→expressive (adj.) 有表現(xiàn)力的
(6)connection (n.) 聯(lián)系；連接→connect (vt.) 與……聯(lián)系，與……連接→connected (adj.) 有聯(lián)系的，相關(guān)的→connective (n.) 連接詞
(7)accurately (adv.) 精確地，準(zhǔn)確地→accurate (adj.) 精確的，準(zhǔn)確的
(8)description (n.) 描述，形容→describe (vt.) 描述，記述→descriptive (adj.) 描述的，記述的→descriptively (adv.) 敘述地
(9)predict (vt.) 預(yù)言，預(yù)測(cè)→prediction (n.) 預(yù)言，預(yù)報(bào)→predictable (adj.) 可預(yù)言的→predictably (adv.) 可預(yù)見(jiàn)地
(10)deserve (vt.) 應(yīng)得，值得→deservedly (adv.) 應(yīng)得地，理所當(dāng)然地
(11)failure (n.) 失敗→fail (vi.) 失??；忘記；辜負(fù)；不及格→failed (adj.) 失敗的
(12)possibility (n.) 可能性→possible (adj.) 可能的→possibly (adv.) 可能地
(13)disability (n.) 殘疾，無(wú)能力→disable (vt.) 使失去能力；使傷殘→disabled (adj.) 殘疾的，無(wú)能的
(14)accuse (vt.) 控告，譴責(zé)→accused (n.) 被告→accuser (n.) 原告，指控者→accusable (adj.) 可指控的
(15)personality (n.) 個(gè)性，性格→personalize (vt.) 使個(gè)性化→personally (adv.) 親自地→personal (adj.) 私人的，親自的
(16)independent (adj.) 獨(dú)立的→independence (n.) 獨(dú)立
(17)characteristic (n.) 特點(diǎn)，特性→characteristically (adv.) 典型地→character (n.) 個(gè)性，性格；人物
(18)desire (n.) 渴望，欲望 (vt.) 想要，請(qǐng)求→desirous (adj.) 渴望的，想要的
(19)satisfaction (n.) 滿意，滿足→satisfy (vt.) 使?jié)M意→satisfied (adj.) 感到滿意的→satisfying (adj.) 令人滿意的
(20)aboard (prep.) 在(上)船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)上
(21)upset (adj.) 不安的，不快的
(22)anxiety (n.) 憂慮，擔(dān)心→anxious (adj.) 憂慮的，擔(dān)心的→anxiously (adv.) 憂慮地，擔(dān)心地
(23)glare (vi.) 怒視，瞪→glance (vi.) (同義詞)瞥一眼→stare (vi.) (同義詞)凝視
(24)confirm (vt.) 證實(shí)→confirmed (adj.) 成習(xí)慣的，根深蒂固的
(25)judge (vt.) 評(píng)判，判斷→judgement (n.) 審判，評(píng)判，判斷
(26)devote (vt.) 專心致志于，獻(xiàn)身于→devotion (n.) 摯愛(ài)；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)
Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)previous (adj.) 以前的，過(guò)去的→previously (adv.) 先前
(2)positive (adj.) 積極的→positively (adv.) 積極地→positiveness (n.) 肯定，確信，自信
(3)emergency (n.) 緊急情況→emergent (adj.) 新興的
(4)gifted (adj.) 有天賦的→gift (n.) 天賦；禮物
(5)academic (adj.) 學(xué)術(shù)的→academically (adv.) 學(xué)術(shù)地，理論上
(6)mistaken (adj.) 錯(cuò)誤的→mistake (n.) 錯(cuò)誤→mistakenly (adv.) 錯(cuò)誤地；被誤解地
(7)thus (adv.) 因此，如此
(8)selfish (adj.) 自私的→selfishly (adv.) 自私地→selfishness (n.) 任性，以自我為中心→selfless (adj.) 無(wú)私的，無(wú)私欲的→selflessly (adv.) 無(wú)私地，忘我地
(9)harvest (n.) 收獲→harvester (n.) 收割機(jī)
(10)requirement (n.) 要求→require (vt.) 要求
(11)hug (n.) 擁抱
(12)fault (n.) 錯(cuò)誤；缺點(diǎn)→error (n.) (同義詞)錯(cuò)誤，過(guò)失
(13)relief (n.) 減輕；寬慰→relieve (vt.) 減輕；解除→relievable (adj.) 可減輕的
(14)shelter (vi.) 躲避 (n.) 避難所，遮蔽物
(15)revision (n.) 復(fù)習(xí)→revise (vt.) 復(fù)習(xí)，修改
(16)section (n.) 部分
(17)grateful (adj.) 感激的，感謝的→gratefully (adv.) 感激地，感謝地
(18)shortcoming (n.) 缺點(diǎn)，短處
(19)companion (n.) 同伴，伴侶
(20)forever (adv.) 永遠(yuǎn)
　[單句語(yǔ)法填空]
1.In a way, your effort to conquer your weaknesses will be looked at as a ________ (strong).
答案：strength
2.Industrial development ________ (concentrate) in the west of the country at present.
答案：is being concentrated
3.Many people ________ (expression) their opposition to the proposals for a new ring road.
答案：have expressed
4.There are good bus and train ________ (connect) between the resort and major cities.
答案：connections
5.Police believe Derek gave a reasonably ________ (accurately) account of what happened.
答案：accurate
6.They were afraid of ________ (fail) because they didn't want to lose face.
答案：failure
7.He ________ (accuse) of cheating in the exam.
答案：was accused
8.The survey found that men got greater ________ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work.
答案：satisfaction
9.There were a few ________ (anxiety) moments in the baseball game.
答案：anxious
10.________ (judge) from his accent, he must come from the south.
答案：Judging

聯(lián)想積累
以－ive結(jié)尾的形容詞
①positive 積極的
②active 積極的，活躍的
③interactive 相互作用的
④creative 有創(chuàng)造力的
⑤negative 消極的
⑥exclusive 獨(dú)有的
⑦comparative 比較的
⑧native 本國(guó)的
⑨alternative 兩者選一的
⑩attractive 吸引的
?respective 各自的，分別的
?effective 有效的
?collective 集體的，共同的
?communicative 健談的
?informative 見(jiàn)聞廣博的
?selective 有選擇的
?sensitive 敏感的，敏銳的
?competitive 有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的
?repetitive 重復(fù)乏味的
?concentrative 集中的，專心的
associative 聯(lián)合的
expressive 有表現(xiàn)力的
descriptive 描述的
objective 客觀的

1.be_involved_in 包含在……；與……有關(guān)；被卷入
2.focus_on 集中，聚焦
3.come_up_with 提出，想出
4.leave_school 畢業(yè)，離開(kāi)學(xué)校
5.concentrate_on 將……集中于
6.talk_sb._into_doing_sth. 勸說(shuō)某人做某事
7.end_up_doing_sth. 最終以做某事結(jié)束
8.as_well 也，還
9.have sth./much to do with ...
與……有關(guān)系
10.deal_with 處理，對(duì)待
11.get_on/along_well_with 與……相處融洽
12.be_accused_of 被指控犯有……罪行
13.in terms of 談及；就……而言
14.be scared of 害怕
15.on one's own 獨(dú)立地，自立
16.glare at 怒視
17.pick up 撿起；接收；學(xué)會(huì)；開(kāi)車去接
18.can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
19.to be honest 誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō)
20.figure out 理解，想出
21.except for 除……之外
22.devote ... to 將……獻(xiàn)給
23.have a sense of 有……的感覺(jué)
24.be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
　[選詞填空]
come up with, concentrate on, talk sb. into, end up, have ... to do with, be accused of, in terms of, pick up, can't help, except for
1.Because of the sweet voice, I ________ searching for this person online yesterday.
答案：couldn't help
2.In this lecture I shall ________ the early years of Charles's reign.
答案：concentrate on
3.His sons ________ him ________ retiring when he was 60 years old.
答案：talked; into
4.We had to eat out all the time. It ________ costing a fortune.
答案：ended up
5.Bravery and perseverance ________ much ________ the career of one's life.
答案：have; to do with
6.Now he's in real trouble. He ________ cursing his teacher.
答案：is accused of
7.I sold everything I owned ________ my car and my books.
答案：except for
8.I ________ my homework book and glanced through it.
答案：picked up
9.Our class ________ the idea to make better use of used materials.
答案：came up with
10.It's a mistake to think of Florida only ________ its tourist attractions.
答案：in terms of
聯(lián)想積累
　與in terms of結(jié)構(gòu)相似的“介詞＋名詞＋介詞”短語(yǔ)
①in connection with關(guān)于……
②by means of利用……方式
③in spite of雖然
④with regard to關(guān)于
⑤on top of在……上面
⑥by reason of 由于，因?yàn)?br /> ⑦by virtue of 憑借，由于
⑧by way of 經(jīng)由
⑨in addition to除……之外(還)
⑩in advance of 在……的前面
?in command of 指揮
?in comparison with與……相比
?in front of 在……前面
?in consideration of 考慮到……
?in contrast with與……相比
?in danger of處于……危險(xiǎn)中
?in exchange for 作為……的交換
?in favor of贊成，支持
?in honor of 祝賀；紀(jì)念
?in memory of紀(jì)念
in need of 需要
in place of代替
in reply to 答復(fù)
in respect of關(guān)于；就……而言
in return for作為……的報(bào)答
in sight of 在看得見(jiàn)……的地方
in sympathy with一致，同感
in touch with 與……接觸
in view of考慮到
on account of因?yàn)?
on behalf of 代表

課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練
1.Animals take a long time to train so you have to be patient with them.
動(dòng)物要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能訓(xùn)練好，所以你必須耐心對(duì)待它們。(P11)
主語(yǔ)＋take＋時(shí)間段＋to do sth.
花費(fèi)……時(shí)間去做某事
不定式在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)
You should ____________________________ your professional courses.
你應(yīng)該把絕大多數(shù)的時(shí)間用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)課。
2.She was standing with a book in her hands near the “English literature” section.
她手里拿著一本書(shū)站在“英國(guó)文學(xué)”欄目的旁邊。(P14)
with＋名詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)
本句型中介詞后跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中，介詞短語(yǔ)也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞或不定式等替代
My son ran into my room ______________________________.
我兒子手里拿著一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)?wù)屡苓M(jìn)我的房間。


答案：1.take most of your time to learn　2.with a medal in his hands
直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)

①　strength n. 長(zhǎng)處，優(yōu)勢(shì)；力量(P4)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The ability to keep calm is one of her many ________ (strong).
②During this ordeal he was able to draw ________ (strong) from his faith.
答案：①strengths　②strength
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
The best strategy is to be honest, but often you can turn a ______________________.
最好的策略是要誠(chéng)實(shí)，但通常你可以把缺點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
答案：weakness into a strength

(1)build up one's strength 增強(qiáng)體力
strengths and weaknesses 長(zhǎng)處和短處
(2)strengthen v. 加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；鞏固
②　deserve vt. 應(yīng)得，值得(P8)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore ________ (deserve) respect.
②He deserves to ________ (lock) up for ever for what he did.
答案：①deserves?、赽e locked
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
They had some excellent players, so they certainly ______________________________.
他們有幾個(gè)優(yōu)秀的隊(duì)員，所以他們理所當(dāng)然地贏得了那場(chǎng)比賽。
答案：deserved to win the game

deserve consideration/attention/respect 值得考慮/關(guān)注/尊敬
deserve to do sth. 應(yīng)該做某事
deserve doing/to be done ……值得做
③　predict vt. 預(yù)言，預(yù)測(cè)(P8)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)t is nearly impossible ________ (predict) what will happen.
②It's difficult to make accurate ________ (predict) about the effects on the environment.
答案：①to predict　②predictions
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
______________________ inflation would continue to fall.
據(jù)預(yù)報(bào)，通貨膨脹率將繼續(xù)下降。
答案：It was predicted that

(1)It's predicted that ... 據(jù)預(yù)報(bào)……
(2)prediction n. 預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)言
④　accuse vt. 控告，譴責(zé)(P9)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The report accused the government ________ shirking its responsibilities.
②The shop assistant was dismissed as she ________ (accuse) of cheating customers.
答案：①of?、趙as accused
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
Mary was accused with an accomplice in that case.
______________________________________________________________
答案：with→as

accuse sb. of 指責(zé)/控告某人犯……罪
accuse sb. as 指控某人為……
be accused of被指控犯有……罪行

charge常與accuse通用，但charge多指較嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起訴，常與with連用。
⑤　independent adj. 獨(dú)立的(P10)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of ________ (independent).
②The police force should be independent ________ direct government control.
答案：①independence　②of
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
We aim to help disabled students ________________________.
我們旨在幫助殘疾學(xué)生盡可能獨(dú)立地生活和學(xué)習(xí)。
答案：to live and study independently

(1)be independent of 獨(dú)立于……之外，不依賴于
be independent of each other 彼此無(wú)關(guān)
(2)independence n. 獨(dú)立，自立
recover independence 恢復(fù)獨(dú)立
(3)independently adv. 獨(dú)立地
⑥　desire n. 渴望，欲望　vt. 想要(P10)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)t is ________ (desire) that you should have some familiarity with computers.
②Food seems to have been available, even if the quality left much ________ (desire).
答案：①desirable?、趖o be desired
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
She has a strong desire going to the country for a visit.
______________________________________________________________
答案：going→to go

(1)have a strong desire
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that ... (should) do sth. 渴望……
leave a lot/much to be desired 有許多需要改進(jìn)的地方
(3)desirable adj. 理想的

desire后接賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。
⑦　satisfaction n. 滿足，滿意(P10)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)t was a great ________ (satisfy) to have revisited our native village.
②The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled ________ satisfaction.
答案：①satisfaction?、趙ith
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
I hope I shall do everything for your satisfaction.
______________________________________________________________
答案：for→to

(1)with satisfaction滿意地
to one's satisfaction 使某人滿意的是
(2)satisfy vt. 使?jié)M意
satisfy sb.'s needs/demands/desires 滿足某人的需求
(3)satisfied adj. 感到滿意的
be satisfied with 對(duì)……感到滿意
(4)satisfying adj. 令人滿意的

satisfaction表示“滿意”或“高興”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞。當(dāng)表示具體的“一件使人滿意或高興的事”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞，可以與不定冠詞a連用。
⑧　upset adj. 不安的，不快的；沮喪的　vt. 使不舒服(P12)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He was horribly upset ________ her illness.
②It ________ (upset) me to think of her all alone in that big house.
答案：①about?、趗psets
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
I fail to see the reason why you __________________.
我看不出有什么可以使你這樣心煩意亂的。
答案：get so upset

(1)upset sb. about使某人因?yàn)椤y過(guò)/生氣
(2)get upset about為……而心煩/不快樂(lè)
⑨　judge vt. 評(píng)判，判斷(P17)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①________ (judge) from his conduct, I assume he is lacking in education.
②As can ________ (judge) from her eyes, she has no personal hostility to us.
答案：①Judging?、赽e judged
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
Teachers always ________ their students ________ the final examination.
老師常根據(jù)期末考試來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)他們的學(xué)生。
答案：judge; on

(1)judge sb. on sth. 根據(jù)某事來(lái)評(píng)判某人
as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷
(2)judging by/from 從……上看；根據(jù)……判斷

judging from/by用在句首時(shí)，為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)而不采用過(guò)去分詞的形式。

①　come up with提出；想出；拿出(一筆錢(qián))(P8)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She came up ________ a new idea for increasing sales.
②How long can you come ________ with the money？
答案：①with?、趗p
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
They want to buy the house, but they couldn't __________________ the cash.
他們想買(mǎi)房，但是拿不出這筆現(xiàn)金。
答案：come up with

come out 出來(lái)；出版；結(jié)果是
come by 順路看望；獲得
come round/around 拜訪；發(fā)生
come across 偶然遇到；碰見(jiàn)
come up 上來(lái)；走近；被提出；發(fā)生
when it comes to (doing) sth. 當(dāng)說(shuō)到(做)某事
②　concentrate on將……集中于(P8)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Young children have a limited attention span and can't concentrate ________ one activity for very long.
②Doctors ________ (concentrate) on understanding the disease better, and on optimizing the treatment at present.
答案：①on　②are concentrating
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
The confusing matters make him unable __________________ his study.
那么多煩心事使他無(wú)法專心學(xué)習(xí)。
答案：to concentrate on

(1)concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts on ... 集中某人的注意力/努力/思想于……
(2)concentration n. 專心，集中
③　talk sb. into doing sth.勸說(shuō)某人做某事(P8)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi) didn't want to move abroad but Bill talked me ________ it.
②I ________ (talk) into going on another fun－filled holiday.
答案：①into　②was talked
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
My husband ________ me ________ going skiing.
我丈夫說(shuō)服我去滑雪。
答案：talked; into

talk around/round 說(shuō)服某人改變主意；不著邊際地說(shuō)
talk at sb.針對(duì)某人大發(fā)議論
talk back (to sb.)(尤指對(duì)上司)回嘴，頂嘴
talk sb. out of (doing) sth. 說(shuō)服某人不要做某事
talk sb. through sth.給某人解說(shuō)某事
talk sb./sth. up過(guò)分夸獎(jiǎng)；吹捧
④　end up doing sth.最終以做某事結(jié)束(P8)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)f you don't know what you want, you might end up ________ (get) something you don't want.
②If you always give in to others you will end up ________ (feel) like a doormat.
答案：①getting?、趂eeling
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
If you hang around with colleagues all the time you just ______________________.
如果整天和同事泡在一起的話，你最終就會(huì)變得開(kāi)口閉口都是工作。
答案：end up talking about work

(1)end up with ... 以……而結(jié)束
end up as ... 結(jié)果成為(職位)
(2)come to an end＝put/bring an end to＝bring sth. to an end 結(jié)束
at the end of 在……盡頭；在……末端
by the end of 到……結(jié)束時(shí)；到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?常與完成時(shí)連用)
in the end 最后；終于
⑤　in terms of就……而言；在……方面；從某個(gè)角度(P9)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
There is no other girl that can compare with you ________ terms of beauty.
答案：in
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
①I(mǎi)n term of theory, it is possible to carry out the project.
______________________________________________________________
②The job is great in terms with salary, but it has its disadvantages.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①term→terms　②with→of

be on good/bad/friendly terms with sb. 與某人關(guān)系好/不好/友好
come to terms with ... 對(duì)……讓步，遷就……，接受(不愉快的事)；適應(yīng)……
in the long/short term 就長(zhǎng)期/短期而言
⑥　can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事(P14)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi) can't help ________ (think) of my childhood when seeing that film.
②She can't help ________ (clean) the house because she's busy reading a detective novel.
答案：①thinking?、趖o clean
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
She __________________ her great interest in English.
她禁不住流露出對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的極大興趣。
答案：couldn't help showing

can't help (to) do sth. 不能幫忙做某事
cannot help but do sth. 不得不做某事
cannot choose but do sth. 不得不做某事
⑦　except for除……之外(P17)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
________ for a few grammar mistakes, your composition is excellent.
答案：Except
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
①Except her illness, she had a particularly happy childhood.
______________________________________________________________
②I didn't tell him anything except for that I needed the money.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①Except后加for　②去掉for

except that ... 除……之外
⑧　be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事(P19)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
You'd better wait a while. He is busy ________ (deal) with some important work.
答案：dealing
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
①Every time I go to visit her, she is always busy work out some papers.
______________________________________________________________
②Mr Green is busy on a customer at the moment.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①work→working?、趏n→with

be busy with sth.忙于某事

①　[教材原句]It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
一般認(rèn)為，高情商的人對(duì)新思想持開(kāi)放態(tài)度，對(duì)生活有積極的態(tài)度。(P9)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)t ________ (believe) that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
②It ________ (report) that the production has been put into use.
答案：①is believed?、趇s reported
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
________________ that the generation growing up with television can barely write a correct English sentence.
據(jù)說(shuō)，伴隨著電視機(jī)長(zhǎng)大的這代人幾乎寫(xiě)不出一個(gè)正確的英文句子。
答案：It's said

It is＋過(guò)去分詞＋that ...
it是形式主語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)

本句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：主語(yǔ)＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋不定式。此時(shí)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)的變化(一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式)。
②　[教材原句]On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations.
另一方面，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，低情商的人經(jīng)常在與他人相處和處理困難情況的時(shí)候就會(huì)有問(wèn)題。(P9)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①There is little doubt ________ those with low EQs have a harder time surviving in life.
②I doubt ________ the new one will be any better.
答案：①that?、趙hether/if
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
________________ you will be helped by others if you have any difficulty.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，如果你有困難的話，大家也會(huì)幫助你的。
答案：There is no/little doubt that

there is little/no ... doubt that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句

在“There is little doubt that ... ”句型中，little可用no替代，表示“沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)”。當(dāng)doubt用于肯定句中時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)；而用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。
③　[教材原句]I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.
我真不喜歡他午飯吃大蒜。(P11)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)any people dislike ________ when someone interrupts their conversation.
②I would appreciate it ________ you could give me this opportunity to obtain further education abroad.
答案：①it?、趇f
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
We all dislike if someone doesn't keep his promise.
______________________________________________________________
答案：dislike后加it

dislike it＋when/if ...

在英語(yǔ)中，表示“喜怒哀樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate, prefer等接if/when從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用形式賓語(yǔ)it，而真正的賓語(yǔ)從句放在it之后。
④　[教材原句]Or they could have gone exploring on their own and lost their way back to the group.
或者他們可能是自己去探險(xiǎn)，在回來(lái)的路上迷失了方向。(P12)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Don't worry─they could ________ (forget) to call only.
②I ________ (buy) so much wine—only five people came.
答案：①have forgotten　②needn't have bought
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
Today's weather is fine. Perhaps it must last several days.
______________________________________________________________
答案：must→could/may

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)時(shí)，can, must語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，前者用于疑問(wèn)和否定句中，而后者用于肯定形式的陳述句中；may用于語(yǔ)氣不肯定的句子中；而could, might等用于語(yǔ)氣最不肯定的句子中。
課文回練 升華運(yùn)用
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
According to the __1__ (describe) given by Professor Salovey, we know that it is IQ that gets us hired but it is EQ that gets us __2__ (promote). Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggested that when __3__ (predict) someone's future success, the EQ matters more than IQ. This may be right. For example, some smartest students, __4__ you think deserve good grades, sometimes fail in the exam. And the __5__ (fail) is possibly because of their low EQ. People are often mistaken in the association __6__ the IQ and EQ. People with high EQs are less likely to be troubled by problems __7__ those with low EQs often have problems __8__ (get) on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus they have a harder time __9__ (survive) in life. Now some social scientists are trying to study the __10__ (possible) of improving one's EQ because the future of a person is not entirely determined by one's IQ.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.description　2.promoted　3.predicting　4.who　5.failure　6.between　7.while　8.getting　9.surviving 10.possibility

基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.The Olympic Games, first ________ (hold) in 776 BC, did not include women competitors until 1912.
答案：held　根據(jù)句意可知，此處Olympic Games與hold之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。
2.________ (drive) by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses.
答案：Driven　farmers與動(dòng)詞drive之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作原因狀語(yǔ)。句意：蔬菜量的需求越來(lái)越大，在這一驅(qū)動(dòng)下，農(nóng)民們建造了更多的溫室。
3.Don't make the window ________ (break) all the time.
答案：broken　根據(jù)句意可知，window與動(dòng)詞break之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。
4.She entered, ________ (accompany) by her mother.
答案：accompanied　She與動(dòng)詞accompany之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。
5.I really dislike ________ when I am disturbed while learning in the library.
答案：it　根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，dislike后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用形式賓語(yǔ)it，而真正的賓語(yǔ)從句放在it之后。
6.Li Ping tried to talk her parents into ________ (consider) her plan to visit Beijing.
答案：considering　talk sb. into doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“說(shuō)服某人做某事”。
7.When Jack didn't turn up, we all couldn't help ________ (be) worried about him.
答案：being　couldn't help doing sth.是固定搭配，意為“禁不住地做某事”，故本空用being。
8.There is some doubt ________ she can come today or not.
答案：whether　根據(jù)句型結(jié)構(gòu)可知，當(dāng)doubt用于肯定句中時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句用whether連接。
9.________ (judge) from her appearance, I infer that she is my partner's daughter.
答案：Judging　judging from/by “根據(jù)……判斷，從……上看”，為固定短語(yǔ)。
10.It is a small city both ________ terms of size and population.
答案：in　in terms of “就……而言”。
Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作
1.The film star walked up to his car, __________________________ (后面跟著一群新聞?dòng)浾?.
答案：followed by a crowd of journalists
2.In 1983, there were only 200 computers __________________ (連到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上).
答案：connected to the Internet
3.Because of careless driving, she ________________ in hospital.
由于粗心駕駛，她最終住進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。
答案：ended up
4.______________________________________________________________
他們禁不住想起他們?cè)诠竟捕鹊哪嵌螘r(shí)光。(can't help doing sth.)
答案：They can't help thinking about the time they spent together in the company.
5.______________________________________________________________
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他是我們小組中的帶頭人。
答案：There is no doubt that he is the leader of our group.
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
(2020·安徽省六安市毛坦廠中學(xué)東城校區(qū)高三模擬)The woman often called the First Lady of New York died on August. Brooke Astor was one hundred and five years old. The extremely wealthy and famous New Yorker spent much of her life __1__ (help) the needy in her beloved city.
She was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was the only child of a high level military officer. After two earlier __2__ (marry), she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again. He came from a family __3__ had been rich for at least one hundred years. Among other things, he owed many buildings in New York City. Brooke Astor became one of the __4__ (rich) women in the world when Vincent Astor died. She also became head of a huge charity organization __5__ (found) by her husband. He repeatedly had told her she would have fun giving __6__ his money.
And apparently she did. Miss Astor gave tens of millions of dollars __7__ (main) to places and people in New York City. She said it was the sensible choice because that was __8__ the money had been made. She gave financial support to the city's cultural centers, the poor and disabled as __9__ as to many smaller charities. When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not be what it is today __10__ her support.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一位樂(lè)善好施的女士給予了紐約文化中心、窮人、殘疾人和其他小的慈善團(tuán)體很多資金上的支持。紐約市長(zhǎng)對(duì)她給予了高度評(píng)價(jià)。
1.helping　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。spend＋時(shí)間段＋(in) doing sth. “花時(shí)間做某事”。應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式helping。
2.marriages　考查名詞?？涨盀閠wo earlier，故應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式marriages。
3.that/which　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞?！癬_______ had been rich for at least one hundred years”為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾family，從句中缺主語(yǔ)，指物，故應(yīng)用that或which。
4.richest　考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：當(dāng)Vincent Astor去世的時(shí)候，Brooke Astor成為世界上最富有的女性之一。根據(jù)句意及空前the可知，本空應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)richest。
5.founded　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。found和charity organization為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式founded。
6.away　考查副詞。句意：他多次對(duì)她說(shuō)，她會(huì)很樂(lè)意把他的錢(qián)捐出去。give away “分發(fā)”，故應(yīng)用副詞away。
7.mainly　考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞give應(yīng)用副詞mainly。
8.where　考查名詞性從句。句意：她說(shuō)這是一個(gè)明智的選擇，因?yàn)殄X(qián)就是在這里掙的?！癬_______ the money had been made”為表語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意可知從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用where。
9.well　考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：她給予城市文化中心、窮人、殘疾人和其他小的慈善團(tuán)體資金上的支持。as well as “也”，故本空應(yīng)用well。
10.without　考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)去世的時(shí)候，紐約市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)沒(méi)有她的支持這個(gè)城市不會(huì)是現(xiàn)在的樣子。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用介詞without。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
(2020·合肥市高三調(diào)研性檢測(cè))My best friends Wang Bing, Liu Hong and I did voluntary work in our neighborhood in last summer. Every morning we would walk around, collected plastic bags, waste paper and cans. This usually took us about one and a half hour to do that. After that, we went to do some housework for the senior people who lived their own. In the afternoon we helped some children do their homework, so their parents were too busy to take care of themselves. Although we were a little tiring every day, we were proud of what we have done. We all felt really happily that we could do something meaningful.
答案：
My best friends Wang Bing, Liu Hong and I did voluntary work in our neighborhood last summer. Every morning we would walk around, plastic bags, waste paper and cans. usually took us about one and a half to do that. After that, we went to do some housework for the senior people who lived their own. In the afternoon we helped some children do their homework, their parents were too busy to take care of . Although we were a little every day, we were proud of what we done. We all felt really that we could do something meaningful.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第二處：collected→collecting　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞collect與其邏輯主語(yǔ)we構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
第八處：tiring→tired　考查形容詞。該句主語(yǔ)為we，應(yīng)用tired；tired意為“疲勞的”，形容人；tiring意為“使人疲勞的”，修飾物。
第九處：have→had　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的were可知，我們所做的事情發(fā)生在感到自豪之前，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

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