Unit 12　Culture Shock


1.Travelers get_used_to living in different climates and cultures.
旅行者習(xí)慣在不同的氣候和不同的文化中生活。
2.The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation; the two keep in their downward tendency.
文學(xué)的衰落表明一個(gè)民族的衰落。這兩者走下坡路的時(shí)候是齊頭并進(jìn)的。
3.New York is known for its culture diversity.
紐約以其文化多樣性聞名。
4.I intend no modification of my hope—expressed personal wish_that all men everywhere could be free.
我無(wú)意改變時(shí)常表達(dá)的個(gè)人愿望：愿天下所有的人都能自由。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)apology (n.) 道歉，認(rèn)錯(cuò)→apologize (vi.) 道歉
(2)expectation (n.) 預(yù)期，期待的事物→expect (vt.) 希望，期望
(3)exchange (vt.) 交換，兌換→exchangeable (adj.) 可兌換的，可替代的
(4)wander (vi.) 漫游，閑逛→wanderer (n.) 流浪者
(5)majority (n.) 大半，大多數(shù)→major (adj.) 大多數(shù)的 (n.) 主修科目
(6)anyhow (adv.) 總之，反正；不管怎樣→anyway (adv.) (同義詞)總之；不管怎樣
(7)reasonable (adj.) 合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)摹鷕eason (n.) 理由，道理→reasonably (adv.) 適度地，相當(dāng)?shù)亍鷕easoned (adj.) 合乎邏輯的
(8)indicate (vt.) 表明；表示→indication (n.) 跡象；指示→indicative (adj.) 指示的；象征的
(9)curiously (adv.) 奇怪地；好奇地→curious (adj.) 求知欲強(qiáng)的；好奇的；稀奇古怪的→curiosity (n.) 好奇心；珍品
(10)movement (n.) 動(dòng)作；活動(dòng)→move (vt.) 移動(dòng)，活動(dòng)→moveable (adj.) 可移動(dòng)的，活動(dòng)的→moved (adj.) 激動(dòng)的，感動(dòng)的
(11)request (n.) 請(qǐng)求→require (vt.) (同義詞) 需要；要求→requirement (n.) 需要；要求
(12)familiar (adj.) 熟悉的，常見(jiàn)的→familiarity (n.) 熟悉，精通→familiarly (adv.) 親昵地
(13)arrival (n.) 達(dá)到，抵達(dá)→arrive (vi.) 到達(dá)
(14)cautious (adj.) 小心翼翼的，謹(jǐn)慎的→cautiously (adv.) 謹(jǐn)慎地→cautiousness (n.) 小心，謹(jǐn)慎
(15)stare (vi.) 盯著看，凝視→glance (vi.)(同義詞)匆匆一瞥→glare (vi.) (同義詞)怒視
(16)appetite (n.) 食欲，胃口
(17)injure (vt.) 傷害→injury (n.) 傷，傷害→injured (adj.) 受傷的
(18)belong (vi.) 適應(yīng)，屬于→belonging (n.) 附屬品
(19)attach (vt.) 喜歡，依戀；系，固定→attachable (adj.) 可附上的，可連接的→attached (adj.) 附屬的，歸屬的→attachment (n.) 附屬，附件
(20)export (vt.) 出口，輸出→exportation (n.) 輸出，出口
(21)fond (adj.) 喜愛(ài)的；喜歡的
(22)bear (vt.) 容忍；攜帶→bearable (adj.) 可忍受的
(23)unfair (adj.) 不公平的→fair (adj.) (反義詞)公平的→fairness (n.) 公平
(24)forgive (vt.) 寬恕，饒恕→forgivable (adj.) 可饒恕的，可寬恕的→forgiveness (n.) 寬恕，饒恕
(25)addition (n.) 相加，增加物→add (vt.) 增加→additional (adj.) 添加的，附加的，額外的→additionally (adv.) 此外，另外
Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)tip (n.) 小費(fèi)；小建議
(2)tasty (adj.) 美味的
(3)laughter (n.) 笑，大笑，笑聲→laugh (vi.) 笑，大笑→laughable (adj.) 可笑的
(4)manners (n.) 禮貌
(5)novel (n.) 小說(shuō)→story (n.) (同義詞)故事，(短篇)小說(shuō)
(6)lift (n.) 搭車
(7)aspect (n.) 方面
(8)outgoing (adj.) 友好的，樂(lè)于交友的，外向的
(9)spoken (adj.) 口頭的，口語(yǔ)的→written (adj.) (反義詞)書(shū)面的
(10)conduct (vt.) 指揮；實(shí)施
(11)earthquake (n.) 地震
(12)outdoors (adv.) 戶外地，在戶外，在野外→indoors (adv.) 戶內(nèi)
(13)literature (n.) 文學(xué)→literary (adj.) 文學(xué)的
(14)contrary (adj.) 相反的
(15)minority (n.) 少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族→minor (adj.) 較少的
　[單句語(yǔ)法填空]
1.We would like to offer our ________ (apologize) for the delay to your flight today.
答案：apologies
2.She seemed totally ________ (absorb) in her book.
答案：absorbed
3.We are confident in our ________ (expect) of a full recovery.
答案：expectation
4.They got used to ________ (wander) through the streets arm－in－arm.
答案：wandering
5.The ________ (major) of my patients come to me from the location.
答案：majority
6.It is ________ (reason) to assume that he knew beforehand that this would happen.
答案：reasonable
7.She observed the gentle ________ (move) of his chest as he breathed.
答案：movement
8.The woman in the shop was looking at them ________ (curious).
答案：curiously
9.They requested that we ________ (send) a delegation to their country.
答案：(should) send
10.His ________ (arrive) at this conclusion was the result of much thought.
答案：arrival
聯(lián)想積累
1.以－ious結(jié)尾的詞
①curious 好奇的
②precious 寶貴的
③cautious 謹(jǐn)慎的
④anxious 憂慮的
⑤previous前面的，以前的
⑥delicious 美味的
⑦glorious 光榮的
⑧contagious傳染性的
⑨specious 似是而非的
⑩spacious 寬敞的
2.表“笑”的家族
①laugh 大笑
②smile 微笑
③titter 竊笑，傻笑
④chortle 咯咯笑
⑤grin 露齒笑
⑥r(nóng)idicule 嘲笑
⑦smirk 得意地笑

1.get used to　　習(xí)慣于
2.wander through 閑逛
3.the majority of 大多數(shù)
4.go camping 去宿營(yíng)
5.can't stand doing sth. 無(wú)法忍受做某事
6.can't afford to do sth. 抽不出時(shí)間/拿不出金錢做某事
7.stare at 凝視
8.see sb. off 給某人送行
9.insist_on_doing_sth. 堅(jiān)持做某事
10.be_attached_to 依戀；愛(ài)慕
11.look_out_for 小心；當(dāng)心
12.take ... seriously 認(rèn)真對(duì)待……
13.contrary_to 與……相反
14.give_sb._a_lift 讓某人搭車
15.bring_an_end_to 結(jié)束……
16.way_of_life 生活方式
　[選詞填空]
wander through, the majority of, can't stand, stare at, see ... off, insist on, (be) attached to, take ... seriously, contrary to, give ... a lift
1.Why can't you ever ________ anything ________？
答案：take; seriously
2.This view is ________ the aims of critical social research for a number of reasons.
答案：contrary to
3.I ________ living in this dirty house.
答案：can't stand
4.We've grown very ________ this house.
答案：attached to
5.________ foreign nationals working here have work permits.
答案：The majority of
6.I don't know why they always ________ the woods.
答案：wander through
7.________ her, I didn't know what to say.
答案：Staring at
8.Yesterday I ________ my friends ________ at the station.
答案：saw; off
9.I ________ paying for my share of the meal.
答案：insisted on
10.If you want to go back home, I can ________ you ________.
答案：give; a lift
聯(lián)想積累
1.常用復(fù)合介詞
①contrary to與……相反
②from behind 從……背后
③from under從……之下
④inside在……內(nèi)
⑤outside在……之外
⑥within在……之內(nèi)
⑦without沒(méi)有
⑧into進(jìn)入
⑨onto……之上
⑩out of ……之外
?according to根據(jù)……
?apart from除……之外
?as a result of由于，因?yàn)?
?as for/to至于，關(guān)于
?because of 因?yàn)?
?due to由于
?in addition to除……之外(還)
?in front of 在……前面
?from among 從……之中
?in spite of盡管
聯(lián)想積累
instead of 代替
owing to由于
2.表示“無(wú)法忍受”的短語(yǔ)
①can't stand doing sth.
②can't bear doing sth.
③be fed up with
④can't endure to do sth.
⑤can't tolerate doing sth.

課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練
1.When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.
剛到舊金山時(shí)，有段時(shí)間我感到很難理解某些美國(guó)人處事的方式。(P40)
have a difficult time (in) doing sth.
做某事有難度
She ________________ persuading him to accept the job.
她好不容易勸說(shuō)他接受了那份工作。
2.It is said that there are more than 200 different kinds！
據(jù)說(shuō)有200多種不同種類的蛇！(P47)
It is said that ... 據(jù)說(shuō)……

____________ Tom has come back from abroad.
據(jù)說(shuō)，湯姆已從國(guó)外回來(lái)了。

答案：1.had a difficult time　2.It is said that
直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)

①　absorb vt. 理解，掌握；吸收(P36)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
②The timber expands as it ________ (absorb) moisture from the atmosphere.
答案：①Absorbed?、赼bsorbs
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
Be quiet, children. I ____________________ the mathematical exercises.
安靜些，孩子們，我正專心做數(shù)學(xué)題呢。
答案：am absorbed in

(1)be absorbed in 全神貫注于，專心致志于
absorb ... into ... 把……并入；吸收
(2)absorbable adj. 可吸收的，容易吸收的
(3)absorbed adj. 被吸收的；全神貫注的
②　majority n. 大半，大多數(shù)(P36)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The majority ________ people interviewed prefer English to physics.
②The majority of students ________ willing to take part in sports activities.
答案：①of?、赼re
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
The bill was approved by ________________.
這項(xiàng)法案得到了絕大多數(shù)人的支持。
答案：a large majority

(1)a/the majority of ... 大多數(shù)……
be in the/a majority 構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù)
(2)major n. 主修科目；專業(yè)　v. 主修
adj. 主要的
major in 主修……；以……為專業(yè)
(3)minority n. 少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族
be in the/a minority 占少數(shù)

the/a majority of＋名詞，表示“大多數(shù)……”。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后面的名詞相一致；the majority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。
③　indicate vt. 表明，表示(P38)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Research ________ (indicate) that over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.
②The increase slowed to 0.4 percent, possibly ________ (indicate) the start of a downtrend.
答案：①indicates?、趇ndicating
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
Taking a career history along with you will be ________________________ you are well organized.
隨身攜帶履歷表，這能清楚表明你做事很有條理。
答案：a clear indication that

indicate that ... 表明……
indication n. 指示；象征；表明
④　request n. 請(qǐng)求　vt. 請(qǐng)求，要求(P39)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She requested him ________ (go) with her.
②She requested that the door to her room ________ (leave) open.
答案：①to go?、?should) be left
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
The study was done ______________________ the Chairman.
這項(xiàng)研究是應(yīng)主席要求進(jìn)行的。
答案：at the request of

(1)request sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求某人做某事
request that ... (should) do sth. 請(qǐng)求……
It is requested that ... (should) do sth. 據(jù)要求……
(2)make a request for/that ... 請(qǐng)求；要求……
at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb. 應(yīng)某人之要求
⑤　familiar adj. 熟悉的，常見(jiàn)的(P40)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The smell is very familiar ________ everyone who lives near a bakery.
②Are you familiar ________ the computer software they are using？
答案：①to　②with
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
Methods of teaching the students are familiar with our teachers.
______________________________________________________________
答案：with→to

sb. be familiar with sth. 某人對(duì)某物很熟悉
sth. be familiar to sb. 某物為某人所熟悉
⑥　cautious adj. 小心翼翼的，謹(jǐn)慎的(P40)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She is very cautious ________ hurting his feelings.
②________ (cautious), he moved himself into an upright position.
答案：①about　②Cautiously
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
We must proceed ______________________.
我們行事必須極為謹(jǐn)慎。
答案：with great caution

(1)be cautious about 小心某事，對(duì)……很謹(jǐn)慎
(2)with great caution 極為小心
(3)cautiously adv. 謹(jǐn)慎地，小心地
⑦　attach vt. 喜歡，依戀；系，固定(P42)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The hospital ________ (attach) to that university.
②People always attach importance ________ the education of their children.
答案：①is attached?、趖o
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
The written directions __________________ the tool.
這個(gè)工具附帶有使用說(shuō)明書(shū)。
答案：are attached to

(1)attach ... to ... 把……固定到/附/貼在……上
attach importance/significance/value to 認(rèn)為……重要/有意義/有價(jià)值
attach oneself to sb. 與某人在一起；纏著/依戀某人
(2)attached adj. 依戀的；附加的
(be) attached to 附屬于；依戀
⑧　bear vt. 攜帶，容忍(P42)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The shelf, too weak ________ (bear) all the books, collapsed.
②Bear ________ mind that some children will need help.
答案：①to bear?、趇n
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
I ________________ people ________ while I'm eating.
我無(wú)法忍受在我吃飯時(shí)有人抽煙。
答案：can't bear; smoking

bear sth. in mind 牢記某事
bear/keep in mind that ... 記住……
can't bear doing sth.無(wú)法忍受做某事
can't bear sb. doing sth. 無(wú)法忍受某人做某事
⑨　forgive vt. 寬恕，饒恕(P42)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Forgive me ________ interrupting, but I really don't agree with that.
②I ________ (forgive) you the moment you said it.
答案：①for?、趂orgave
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
____________________ coming so late.
原諒我來(lái)這么晚。
答案：Forgive me for

forgive sb. for sth.因?yàn)槟呈露從橙?br /> forgive and forget不念舊惡，不記某人的仇

①　get used to習(xí)慣于(P36)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The foreign student could not get used to ________ (eat) the strange food.
②The girl used to ________ (be) shy, but is gradually getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
答案：①eating　②be
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
You get used to ________ your actions ________________ others.
你習(xí)慣了在別人的指導(dǎo)下行動(dòng)。
答案：having; directed by

(1)be/become/get used to (doing) sth.＝be/become/get accustomed to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事
(2)be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做某事
(3)used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事(暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做了)

在get/be used to表“習(xí)慣于”時(shí)，to是介詞，后跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞、代詞，而不能跟不定式；作“被用來(lái)做某事”時(shí)，to是不定式的標(biāo)志，后跟動(dòng)詞原形。
②　wander through 閑逛(P36)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She is always ________ (wander) through all the shops all day long.
②Her thoughts wandered back ________ her youth.
答案：①wandering　②to
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
She was found ______________________ the streets.
有人發(fā)現(xiàn)她獨(dú)自在大街上漫無(wú)目的地到處游蕩。
答案：wander aimlessly around

wander around在……游蕩，轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)去
wander back to 回想到
wander away/off偏離(正道)；走失
③　can't stand 無(wú)法忍受/容忍(P37)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Well, we cannot stand ________ (hear) such fallacies any more.
②How do you stand him ________ (be) here all the time？
答案：①hearing?、赽eing
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
I can't ____________________ all the time.
他老是打岔，真讓我受不了。
答案：stand him interrupting

表示“無(wú)法容忍”的短語(yǔ)還有：can't endure, can't bear
④　see sb. off 為某人送行(P40)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①In Chinese culture, if your friends want to leave, you should see them ________.
②Can you see to ________ that the e-mail goes this afternoon？
答案：①off?、趇t
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
It's good manners for a Chinese ________________ his/her guest ________.
對(duì)于中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，送客人是有禮貌的。
答案：to see; off

see through 看透，識(shí)破；做完(某項(xiàng)工作)
see to sb./sth. 照料；處理
see to it that ... 確保/保證……
⑤　insist on 堅(jiān)持做某事(P40)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She insisted on ________ (be) present at all the interviews.
②She insisted that she ________ (accompany) her husband to the party.
答案：①being　②(should) accompany
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
Since she ________________________， I had to give in.
既然她堅(jiān)持要單獨(dú)去，我只好依從她了。
答案：insisted on going alone

insist on/upon堅(jiān)持；強(qiáng)調(diào)
insist that ... 堅(jiān)持……

動(dòng)詞insist作為及物動(dòng)詞，后跟從句；當(dāng)insist意為“堅(jiān)持主張/堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，從句要用“should＋v.”結(jié)構(gòu)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略；作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
⑥　contrary to 與……相反(P42)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Contrary ________ what you might think, neither man was angry.
②—It must have been terrible.
—________ the contrary, I enjoyed every minute.
答案：①to?、贠n
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
Can you bear to hear any opinions ________________？
你能耐心聽(tīng)不同意見(jiàn)嗎？
答案：contrary to yours

on the contrary與此相反，正相反
to the contrary相反的
⑦　take ... seriously 認(rèn)真對(duì)待……(P42)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①We take mistakes of this kind very ________ (serious).
②________ (take) this seriously will make you take some detours.
答案：①seriously?、赥aking
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
You must take the whole project ________________ if you are to succeed.
如果你想成功的話，你必須更認(rèn)真地對(duì)待整個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
答案：more seriously

take action 采取行動(dòng)
take one's advice 接受某人的建議
take away拿走
take ... by surprise突然襲擊
take measures 采取措施
take ... for誤以為

①　[教材原句]I think I'm still experiencing culture shock.
我覺(jué)得自己還在經(jīng)歷文化沖擊。(P36)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Recently, the price of vegetables ________ (rise).
②They ________ (study) at school, so they often listen to Chinese recordings.
答案：①is rising　②are studying
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
Don't take that book away. Your father ______________.
不要把書(shū)拿走，你爸爸在用。
答案：is using it

be＋v.－ing 表狀態(tài)，不一定是正在發(fā)生

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表狀態(tài)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表狀態(tài)的區(qū)別是：前者側(cè)重一段時(shí)間以來(lái)一直存在的狀態(tài)；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常指現(xiàn)在的一種事實(shí)。
②　[教材原句]I wish your visit wasn't going to be so brief but there's a lot we can do and see in a week.
我希望您的來(lái)訪時(shí)間不會(huì)這么短，但是一周內(nèi)我們有很多事情可以做，許多地方可以參觀。(P36)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I wish you ________ (not leave) your clothes all over the floor.
②I do wish that you ________ (not say) that to your parents.
答案：①wouldn't leave?、趆adn't said
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
Do you wish (that) you have a better job？
______________________________________________________________
答案：have→had

wish＋虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從句

wish跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；若表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；若表示將來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用“would/could/might/should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。另外，wish也可以跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，即wish sb. to do sth.以及不定式作賓語(yǔ)，即wish to do sth.。
③　[教材原句]Decide where to go on holiday with a friend.
決定與朋友到哪兒去度假。(P39)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Have you determined ________ to go for your holiday, Hainan or Qingdao？
②I have no idea ________ to do with this complicated matter.
答案：①where?、趙hat
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
I know __________________ the Central Hospital, but I don't know which bus to take.
我知道如何去中心醫(yī)院，但是我不知道該乘哪輛公共汽車。
答案：how to go to

“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式(短語(yǔ))”在句中作賓語(yǔ)

“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。
(1)在“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式必須用主動(dòng)式而不能用被動(dòng)式。
(2)why not后加不定式時(shí)，省略不定式符號(hào)to。
(3)whether后可接不定式，而if不可以。
④　[教材原句]I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.
上次我到中國(guó)參觀時(shí)也有過(guò)同樣的經(jīng)歷。(P40)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
________ last time I saw Kate, she was doing research on wild animals.
答案：The
(2)單句寫(xiě)作
________________ she saw him at the station, she remembered his image.
她第一次在車站見(jiàn)到他，就記住了他的形象。
答案：The first time
(3)單句改錯(cuò)
You can bring Tom here for the next time you come.
______________________________________________________________
答案：去掉for

“the＋序數(shù)詞＋time”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

除“the＋序數(shù)詞＋time”可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句外，“the＋表時(shí)間的名詞(minute, second等)”以及副詞immediately, instantly和directly也可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一……就……”。
⑤　[教材原句]What he did was amazing.
他所做的事令人吃驚。(P40)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①________ matters for most scientists is money and facilities.
②What the country needs most ________ (be) wise leadership.
答案：①What?、趇s
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
What he says and acts doesn't agree.
______________________________________________________________
答案：doesn't→don't

what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)

當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。若what引導(dǎo)的從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
⑥　[教材原句]I can't bear the way the native Australians have been treated.
我不能忍受對(duì)待澳大利亞土著人的那種方式。(P42)

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I was impressed by the way ________ which she did it.
②The way ________ American history is taught may change in order to accommodate some more of those cultures.
答案：①in?、?that/in which)
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
Did you notice the way which she avoided making eye contact with us while she talked？
______________________________________________________________
答案：which前加in或去掉which或which→that

the way＋(that/in which)＋定語(yǔ)從句

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的句法規(guī)則，in which在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，in which也可使用that代替，或者省略引導(dǎo)詞。
課文回練 升華運(yùn)用
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Dear Aunt Mei，
How time flies! It has been 6 months since I came here. I owe you an apology for not __1__ (write) to you more often. I've been busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me, for I'm still experiencing culture shock. I'm __2__ (delight) that you will visit me soon and I'll tell you something about London, __3__is an international city with many international restaurants and at least one Chinese restaurant in almost every town. You are supposed to get used __4__ the tipping system here. I suggest __5__ (leave) 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitress. As for money, you can get some traveller's cheques, for it is easy __6__ (exchange) them at banks or hotels.
As far as I'm concerned, we should consider staying in the English countryside for __7__ few nights so as to enjoy hiking and taste some mushrooms. In addition, remember to bring a warm coat because it can get pretty cold and __8__ (fog) here.
One last thing, the __9__ (major) of British people are friendly, so there is no need to worry about how __10__ (get) along with them.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.writing　2.delighted　3.which　4.to　5.leaving
6.to exchange　7.a　8.foggy　9.majority　10.to get
基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.A young woman is coming towards us, ________ (hold) a red bag in her hand.
答案：holding　hold的邏輯主語(yǔ)是A young woman，且hold表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。
2.__________ (do) his homework, he went out for a walk yesterday.
答案：Having done　do的邏輯主語(yǔ)是he，且do表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。
3.Our English teacher is always saying to us that we should often practice ________ (speak) our English, especially our oral English.
答案：speaking　practice doing sth. “練習(xí)……”，practice后接v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。
4.—Do you like ________ (play) basketball or football？
—Football.
答案：playing　由句意可知，此處表示喜歡做某事，指長(zhǎng)期的愛(ài)好，而非某一具體的、一時(shí)的愛(ài)好，故用playing。
5.This mark ________ (indicate) that he has studied harder recently.
答案：indicates　主語(yǔ)為This mark，且在陳述目前的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
6.They requested that we ________ (turn) up before 10：00.
答案：(should) turn　request “要求”，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should＋do”，should可省略。
7.The foreigner didn't know why his Chinese friend insisted on seeing him ________ at the airport.
答案：off　see sb. off “(到機(jī)場(chǎng)、火車站等)給某人送行”，為固定搭配。
8.A terrible earthquake happened last night, ________ (cause) many injuries.
答案：causing　cause的邏輯主語(yǔ)是A terrible earthquake，且cause所表示的動(dòng)作與happened同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用causing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
9.It seems ________ (fair) for him to pay for everything.
答案：unfair　由句意可知，此處表示“不公平”，再結(jié)合設(shè)空前的seems可知，此處填形容詞unfair。
10.I ________ (forgive) him, so we were friends again.
答案：forgave　由后一分句中使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，此處也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作
1.I'm quite sorry that I forgot ________________ (關(guān)燈) when I left the office.
答案：to turn off the light(s)
2.The students rushed out of the classroom immediately the bell rang, ______________ (談笑著).
答案：talking and laughing
3.Soon those foreigners __________________ eating Chinese food.
不久，那些外國(guó)人都習(xí)慣了吃中國(guó)菜。
答案：got used to
4.______________________________________________________________
那些女生喜歡業(yè)余時(shí)間逛商店。(wander through)
答案：Those girls enjoy wandering through shops in their spare time.
5.______________________________________________________________
他們需要的是兩張書(shū)桌和一條板凳。
答案：What they need are two desks and a bench.
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
(2019·重慶市高三4月調(diào)研測(cè)試)Translated fiction sales in the United Kingdom __1__ (rise) 5.5 percent last year, with growing demand for Chinese titles, said Nielsen Book on Wednesday.
British newspaper the Guardian featured Liu Cixin's The Three-Body Problem and Jin Yong's A Hero Born in its report on this trend, __2__ (say) that both “sold strongly” in 2018.
The research, by the Man Booker International Prize, shows more than 2.6 million __3__ (copy) of translated titles __4__ (sell) in 2018, at an estimated value of ￡20.7
million ($27 million), the highest ever since Nielsen started the study in 2001.
Fiammetta Rocco, from Man Booker International Prize, said, “Reading fiction is one of the best ways we have of putting __5__ (we) in other people's shoes. The rise in sales of translated fiction shows __6__ hungry so many British readers are for terrific writing from other countries.”
To Anna Holmwood __7__ news is a signal that “a new era has arrived”. Holmwood, who translated A Hero Born, told China Daily, “It's a big moment __8__ Chinese fiction abroad.”
Holmwood has worked as a literary agent and __9__ (translate) for nine years, and has seen firsthand how Chinese titles continue to gain a greater audience worldwide, __10__ (particular) in the English-speaking world.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。譯文小說(shuō)在英國(guó)的銷售額比去年增長(zhǎng)了5.5%，其中對(duì)中國(guó)小說(shuō)的需求在不斷增長(zhǎng)。譯文小說(shuō)銷量的增長(zhǎng)表明，中國(guó)小說(shuō)正在走向世界。
1.rose　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last year可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填rose。
2.saying　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句已經(jīng)存在謂語(yǔ)feature且句中沒(méi)有連詞，故say只能是非謂語(yǔ)，say與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the Guardian為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填saying。
3.copies　考查名詞。copy作“(書(shū)、雜志、唱片等的)一份，一冊(cè)，一張”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，由2.6 million修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式copies。
4.were sold　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。sell與主語(yǔ)translated titles構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 2018可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填were sold。
5.ourselves　考查代詞。從句的主語(yǔ)是we，故應(yīng)用反身代詞ourselves。
6.how　考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。show后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，修飾形容詞hungry用連詞how。故填how。
7.the　考查冠詞。這里指上文中提到的這條消息，所以是特指的。故用定冠詞the。
8.for　考查介詞。句意：這對(duì)于中國(guó)小說(shuō)走向國(guó)外是一個(gè)偉大時(shí)刻。表示“對(duì)于……來(lái)說(shuō)”用介詞for。故填for。
9.translator　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處和前面literary agent并列，所以應(yīng)該是作為一個(gè)“譯者”。故填名詞translator。
10.particularly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾介詞短語(yǔ)in the English-speaking world應(yīng)用副詞，故填particularly。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
(2019·河北張家口第一中學(xué)周練)Nowadays, more and more Confucius Institutes are being building all over the world, that shows our Chinese culture has become more popular than ever. On the one hand, the ancient Chinese culture once had a great influence in other cultures, especially those of Asian country. On other hand, our Chinese culture constantly developed throughout the long history, thus made it more colorful and more brilliant. Confucius institutes are good places where to learn about the Chinese culture. Whoever want to know more about it must spend more time. Therefore, he or she cannot have a well knowledge of the Chinese culture.
答案：
Nowadays, more and more Confucius Institutes are being all over the world, shows our Chinese culture has become more popular than ever. On the one hand, the ancient Chinese culture once had a great influence other cultures, especially those of Asian . On other hand, our Chinese culture constantly developed throughout the long history, thus it more colorful and more brilliant. Confucius institutes are good places to learn about the Chinese culture. Whoever to know more about it must spend more time. ， he or she cannot have a knowledge of the Chinese culture.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第三處：in→on　考查固定搭配。本句中have a great influence on是固定搭配，意為“對(duì)……有很大影響”。
第六處：made→making　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。
第七處：去掉where　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，不定式作定語(yǔ)，修飾places，此處where是多余的，故去掉。

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