UNIT 6 The admirable同義詞和反義詞[觀察例句]1.Regretful to say, art is long; life is short.2.He joined us in the game for one hour and attended the meeting.3.You should know the advantages and disadvantages of the programme.4.For instance, in Mexico it's legal to drive, but illegal to get into an accident.[歸納用法]一、同義詞分類1.絕對同義詞指的是兩個或兩個以上的詞或短語有完全相同的語義,任何情況下都可以互換使用,此類同義詞很少,大多專業(yè)術(shù)語,如:mother language和native language,可以互換使用,意義沒有區(qū)別。例如:(1)meet和encounter(2) important和significant(3)surprised和amazed或astonished2.相對同義詞指的是含義基本相同,在程度、范圍或用法上有細微的差別,一般在句子中不能替換使用。例如:(1)imagine, guess, supposeimagine意為“想象,幻想”,指在腦海中形成一個清晰明確的印象,或認為某事物可能發(fā)生或存在。guess“猜測,臆測”,指未知道前的猜測;suppose “想象,推測”,意指“假定或假設(shè)中的情形”。(2) attend/join/take part in的用法區(qū)別attend指參加會議、婚禮、葬禮、典禮;去上課,上學(xué),聽報告等;句子的主語只是去聽,去看,自己不一定起積極作用。join指加入某個黨派,團體組織等,成為其成員之一,意為“參軍、入團、入黨”等。take part in指積極參加會議或群眾性活動等,著重說明句子主語參加該項活動并在活動中發(fā)揮作用。二、反義詞分類1.詞根反義詞指的是不同詞根構(gòu)成的反義詞;例如:success和failure;war和peace;cold和hot;busy和free;danger和safety;dark和bright等2.派生反義詞由派生構(gòu)成的反義詞;此類反義詞一般是加否定前綴或否定后綴構(gòu)成。(1)否定前綴①dis-主要加在名詞、形容詞,動詞之前,dis-為否定前綴的詞有:disadvantage缺點、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意等;②in-常加在形容詞,名詞之前,如incorrect不正確的、inability無能、無力、inaccurate不準確的等;③im-加在字母m,b,p之前,這樣的詞有impossible不可能的、impolite不禮貌的、impudence厚顏無恥;④il-主要加在以l開頭的單詞的前邊,比如:illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的、illogical不合邏輯的;⑤ir-放在以r開頭的英語單詞前面,比如:irregular不規(guī)則的、irresistible不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的,不能解決的;⑥un-主要放于名詞、形容詞、副詞前面,常見的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted無疑的、unemployment失業(yè);⑦non-加在形容詞、名詞前,以non-為否定前綴的詞有non-existence不存在、non-essential不主要的、non-electrical非電的;⑧而mis-加在動詞、名詞前,例如misunderstand誤解、misjudge誤判、misleading誤導(dǎo)、misfortune不幸;⑨dis-加在動詞之前,例如disappear消失、disarm解除武裝、disconnect失去聯(lián)系;⑩de-加在名詞、形容詞前,常見的例子有demobilize遣散,使……復(fù)員;decolor 脫色,漂白;?anti-加在名詞、形容詞前邊。最常見的是anti-Japanese 抗日的、anti-social厭惡社會的;反社會的 antidote 解毒的藥;(2)否定后綴英語中只有三個否定后綴:-less、-free、-proof。 ①less后綴;如:homeless;hopeless;endless等;②free后綴;如:fat-free milk 脫脂牛奶;sugar-free dessert 無糖甜點;wrinkle-free pants 無皺褲;hands-free device 免提裝置;③proof后綴一般表示“防……的”;如:waterproof防水的; rainproof 防雨的;airproof不透氣的。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.It's not so hopeless(hope) as you imagined.2.The black car drove away from them and disappeared(appear).3.Perhaps I misunderstood(understand), but are you quite sure there is no problem in the contract?4.Unemployment(employ) is so damaging both to individuals and to communities.5.She was taken to hospital suffering from an irregular(regular) heartbeat.6.He has been charged with membership of an illegal(legal) organisation.7.It was impossible(possible) for anyone to get in because no one knew the password.8.The incorrect(correct) information caused us to make a wrong decision.Ⅱ.短文語法填空I 1.disagree(agree) with your plan because it is 2.improper(proper) to have these little children do such dangerous work.They are too young 3.to be employed(employ).So it is 4.illegal(legal) to get them to work in the factory.5.Unfortunately(fortunately), I found there were many children 6.working(work) there.They were 7.unable(able) to get enough sleep and rest.It is 8.unbearable(bearable) that they were afraid of express their 9.dissatisfaction(satisfaction) to you.The government leaders had express their 10.disapproval(approve).