話題八　環(huán)境保護(hù)

[對(duì)應(yīng)教材]　Book 6　Unit 4　Global warming　Book 2　Unit 4　Wildlife protection
(一)核心素養(yǎng)下的話題解讀
“環(huán)境保護(hù)”是高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中“人與自然”主題語境內(nèi)容要求之一，該內(nèi)容包括“自然環(huán)境、自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)；人與環(huán)境、人與動(dòng)植物”等方面。這些話題為學(xué)生提供了解自然環(huán)境的平臺(tái)，與人類生活息息相關(guān)。高考英語通過這些話題讓學(xué)生對(duì)世界各地不同的環(huán)境有所了解，從而提高保護(hù)自然環(huán)境的意識(shí)。
[高考探究]
“環(huán)境保護(hù)”這個(gè)話題常與閱讀理解、完形填空、七選五、語法填空等相結(jié)合進(jìn)行考查，分值占有一定的比例。例如：
話題八
卷別
試題類型
文章大意
環(huán)境
保護(hù)
2019全國卷Ⅰ
完形填空
乞力馬扎羅山環(huán)境污染整治前后之感想
2018全國卷Ⅰ
閱讀D篇
作者呼吁用新電子設(shè)備代替低環(huán)保的舊產(chǎn)品
2017全國卷Ⅲ
閱讀C篇
與灰狼相關(guān)的生態(tài)平衡問題
2018全國卷Ⅱ
語法填空
中國為保護(hù)環(huán)境對(duì)農(nóng)作物種植進(jìn)行了調(diào)整
2016全國卷Ⅰ
語法填空
作者與熊貓的不解之緣
(二)構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖，提升思維品質(zhì)
圖一　Book 6　Unit 4　Global warming

圖二　Book 2　Unit 4　Wildlife protection

(三)根據(jù)思維導(dǎo)圖，完成概要寫作
圖一：概要寫作
①There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming.
②All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. As we know, the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. ③However, the attitude of scientists towards this rise is completely different. On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would lead to a catastrophe. On the other hand, George Hambley, believes that more carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.
③No one knows the effects of global warming. Does that mean we should do nothing? Or, are the risks too great?
圖二：概要寫作
Daisy learned to help the wildlife by visiting and talking with three kinds of animals in three areas on a flying carpet.
①The first stop was Tibet, where Tibetan antelope was being hunted for the wool beneath its stomach and the number was decreasing rapidly. Daisy was concerned to see some endangered wildlife there. ②To Daisy's delight, the second stop was Zimbabwe, where the elephants, which used to be an endangered species, were now being protected by farmers making money from tourism. It was really a good example of wildlife protection. ③The third stop was the rainforest, a place where the WWF is involved. She was amazed to meet a monkey, who was rubbing a millipede insect over its body to produce a drug naturally which could protect it from mosquitoes.
What an experience! She learned so much!


1．It's high time we protected our environment from being polluted.
我們早該保護(hù)環(huán)境免遭污染了。
2．The moon that night looks the brightest in the whole month. What we love most is the time when the whole family enjoy the full moon together.
那天晚上的月亮是一個(gè)月內(nèi)最亮的。我們最享受的是一家人一起賞月的時(shí)刻。
3．Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of achievement. Only then did I realize that it's our duty to protect and beautify our environment.
看到一排排的樹，我們都有一種成就感。只有在那時(shí)我才認(rèn)識(shí)到保護(hù)和美化環(huán)境是我們應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。
4．In terms of environmental protection, riding a bike is an effective way. Generally speaking, riding a bike helps promote the harmony between human beings and nature.
就環(huán)保而言，騎車是一個(gè)有效的辦法。一般來說，騎車有助于促進(jìn)人與自然的和諧。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　　核心單詞
(1)quantity (n.) 量；數(shù)量→quality (n.) 質(zhì)量
(2)tend (vi.) 趨向；易于；照顧 (vt.) 照顧；護(hù)理→tendency (n.) 傾向；趨勢
(3)oppose (vt.) 反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量→opposed (adj.) 反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的
(4)state (vt.) 陳述；說明→statement (n.) 聲明；陳述；表現(xiàn)
(5)range (n.) 種類；范圍 (v.) (在一定范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)；變化；排列
(6)glance (vi.) 看一下；掃視 (n.) 一瞥
(7)steady (adj.) 平穩(wěn)的；持續(xù)的；穩(wěn)固的→steadily (adv.) 平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地
(8)widespread (adj.) 分布廣的；普遍的
(9)average (adj.) 平均的
(10)circumstance (n.) 環(huán)境；情況
Ⅱ　　閱讀單詞
(1)consume (vt.) 消費(fèi)；消耗；耗盡；吃完
(2)random (adj.) 胡亂的；任意的
(3)phenomenon (n.) 現(xiàn)象 (phenomena pl.)
(4)trend (n.) 趨勢；傾向；走向
(5)flood (n.) 洪水；水災(zāi)
(6)mild (adj.) 溫和的；溫柔的；淡的
(7)consequence (n.) 結(jié)果；后果；影響
(8)existence (n.) 生存；存在
(9)advocate (vt.) 擁護(hù)；提倡，主張
(10)contribution (n.) 貢獻(xiàn)
(11)disagreement (n.) 分歧；不一致
　[單句語法填空]
1．It will offer a wide choice of goods for the ________ (consumer)．
答案：consumers
2．The theatre company that they started is still in ________ (exist) today.
答案：existence
3．It is strictly ________ (state) in our law that hunting is forbidden during the non-hunting period.
答案：stated
4．There is a variety of animals ________ (range) from rabbits to tigers in the park.
答案：ranging
5．The number of people having mobile phones is increasing ________ (steady)．
答案：steadily
6．The drug is effective but has a ________ (tend) to cause headaches.
答案：tendency
7．A group of children were ________ (random) divided into two classes.
答案：randomly
8．These experiments were to find the connection between the two ________ (phenomenon)．
答案：phenomena
9．I ________ (subscribe) to an Internet news site years ago.
答案：subscribed
10．They felt that it was wrong ________ (advocate) owning guns.
答案：to advocate
聯(lián)想積累
1．與“災(zāi)難”有關(guān)的名詞集錦
①flood 洪災(zāi)
②drought 旱災(zāi)
③disaster 災(zāi)難
④catastrophe 大災(zāi)難
⑤earthquake 地震
⑥tsunami 海嘯
⑦survivor 幸存者
⑧victim 受害者
2．名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化小結(jié)
①phenomenon→phenomena 現(xiàn)象
②datum→data 數(shù)據(jù)
③medium→media 媒體
④criterion→criteria 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
⑤bacterium→bacteria 細(xì)菌

1．come_about　發(fā)生；造成
2．subscribe_to 同意；贊成；訂購
3．quantities_of 大量的
4．go_up 上升；增長；升起
5．result_in 導(dǎo)致
6．be_opposed_to 反對(duì)
7．even_if 即使
8．keep on 繼續(xù)
9．on the whole 大體上；基本上
10．on behalf of 代表……一方；作為……的代言人
11．put up with 忍受；容忍
12．so long as 只要
13．a(chǎn)nd so on 等等
　[選詞填空]

1．________ all the guests here, I wish to thank you for giving us this warm reception.
答案：On behalf of
2．With their income ________， more and more villagers can afford an apartment in the cities.
答案：going up
3．We are still wondering how it ________ that the experiment ended in failure.
答案：came about
4．What I can't ________ is that he never cares about others' feelings.
答案：put up with
5．The traffic accident resulted from the driver's carelessness, ________ the death of three people.
答案：resulting in
6．The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton________.
答案：and so on
聯(lián)想積累
1．“動(dòng)詞＋about”短語薈萃
①come about 發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生
②bring about 引起；導(dǎo)致；帶來
③think about 考慮
④learn about 得知
2．“動(dòng)詞短語＋with”一覽
①end up with 以……結(jié)束
②do away with 廢除
③get on/along with 和……融洽相處
④come up with 提出；想出
⑤go on with 繼續(xù)
⑥catch up with 趕上
⑦keep up with 跟上
⑧put up with 忍受

課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓(xùn)練
1.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在未來幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。
even if “即使”，相當(dāng)于even though，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
The glasses are made from material of good quality. They won't break ______________ to the ground.
這種眼鏡采用上乘材料制成。即使掉到地上也不會(huì)摔碎。
2.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off！
只要你在使用電氣設(shè)備，你可以讓它開著，如果不用就把它關(guān)掉。
so long as “只要”，也可以用as long as/on condition that/provided that，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。
They are tolerable ______________ tomorrow is better.
只要明天更好，它們是可容忍的。
答案：1.even if you drop them　2.as/so long as
直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)

①　quantity　n. 量；數(shù)量(P26)

(1)單句語法填空
①With more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth ________ (be) being washed away each year.
②________ large quantity of vegetables have been supplied to the citizens.
答案：①are?、贏
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
He wants to buy the books in quantities, so the storekeeper will not charge him much.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：quantities→quantity
(3)單句寫作
A large quantity of air conditioners ____________ since the summer came.
入夏以來，大量空調(diào)被售出。
答案：have been sold

in quantity＝in large amounts 大量；許多
quantities of 大量；許多
a large/small quantity of ... 大量的……/少量的……

(1)a (large/small) quantity of或quantities of后既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式也可接不可數(shù)名詞。
(2)“a (large/small) quantity of＋名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致；而“quantities of＋名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

②　oppose　vt. 反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量(P27)

(1)單句語法填空
①The parents strongly opposed their child ________ (go) there alone.
②Frankly speaking, my views are directly ________ (oppose) to those of my friends'.
答案：①going　②opposed
(2)單句寫作
He ____________ the suggestion to build a new hall.
他反對(duì)修建新禮堂的建議。
答案：opposed/was opposed to

(1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb. doing sth. 反對(duì)某事/做某事/某人做某事
(2)opposed adj. 相反的；對(duì)立的
be opposed to ... 反對(duì)……；與……對(duì)立
(3)opposite adj. 相反的；對(duì)立的
prep. 與……相對(duì)；在……對(duì)面
be opposite to 在……對(duì)面；與……相反

(1)oppose后跟表示動(dòng)作的詞作賓語時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞形式。be opposed to結(jié)構(gòu)中，to是介詞，其后也要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。
(2)表示“反對(duì)”的其他表達(dá)：disagree with, object to, be against 等。

③　range　n. 種類；范圍；幅度；界限　v. (在一定范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)；變化；排列(P27)

(1)單句語法填空
The show had a large audience, ________ (range) from children to grandparents.
答案：ranging
(2)單句寫作
①The rate for a single room at the hotel ____________ 20 dollars ________ 50 dollars a day.
旅館的單人房間的價(jià)錢從每天20美元到50美元不等。
②They will include introductions to ____________ writing styles, from poetry to play writing.
它們將介紹各種各樣的寫作風(fēng)格，從詩歌到戲劇創(chuàng)作。
③At first, this type of work was ________________ of experience, but finally I made it by learning from my teammates.
開始時(shí)，這種工作我沒經(jīng)驗(yàn)做不了，但是后來通過向隊(duì)友學(xué)習(xí)，我做成了。
答案：①ranges from; to?、赼 wide range of?、踒eyond/out of my range

(1)a wide range of ... 范圍廣泛的；各種各樣的
in/within range of sth. 在可及的范圍內(nèi)；在視覺/聽覺范圍內(nèi)
beyond/out of range of sth. 超出……的范圍；在視覺/聽覺范圍之外
beyond/out of one's range 超出了某人能承受的范圍
(2)range from ... to ... 在……范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)
range between ... and ... 在……和……范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)

④　glance　vi. 看一下；掃視　n. 一瞥(P27)

(1)單句語法填空
①I picked up the phone book and ________ (glance) through it.
②I only had time to glance ________ the newspapers.
答案：①glanced?、赼t
(2)單句寫作
________________， I was attracted by the wall paintings of Dunhuang.
看到它的瞬間，我就被敦煌壁畫吸引了。
答案：At first glance

(1)glance at/over/through 一瞥；掃視；瀏覽；粗略地看
glance on/off (光)在……上閃爍/從……中反射
(2)at first glance 乍一看；最初看到時(shí)
have/take a glance (at sb./sth.) (朝某人/某物)一瞥；匆匆看一眼

glance
“一瞥，掃視”；表示有意地、有目的地一望，有時(shí)帶有“暗暗地看”的含義
He glanced at the clock. It was 9：50 pm. 他匆匆看了看表，時(shí)間顯示是晚上9：50。
續(xù)表
glare
“怒目而視”；強(qiáng)調(diào)懷有敵意或在氣憤的情緒下看
He glared at me like a bull at a red rag. 他像公牛怒視紅布一樣對(duì)我怒目而視。
stare
“盯，凝視”；指出于好奇、驚訝、贊嘆等原因而長時(shí)間地、直接地注視，常含粗魯無禮的意味
I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.我茫然地看著前面那張紙。

⑤　average　adj. 平均的；普通的　n. 平均水平；平均數(shù)　v. 計(jì)算出……的平均數(shù)；平均為(P29)

(1)單句語法填空
①An average ________ just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
②Susie studies hard and her schoolwork is well ________ average.
答案：①of?、赼bove
(2)單句寫作
____________， I spend 2 hours reading every day.
平均來說，我每天花2小時(shí)讀書。
答案：On average

(1)an average of 平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)
(2)on average 平均來看；平均
above/below average 在平均水平以上/以下


①　come about 發(fā)生；造成(P26)

單句寫作
①____________________ he should know our plan?
他是怎么知道我們的計(jì)劃的？
②She has a mental toughness that did not ______________ by chance.
她的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)精神并不是偶然產(chǎn)生的。
③This morning, I was jogging in the park when I ________________ a foreign couple with a city map.
今天早上，我正在公園慢跑時(shí)，突然遇到一對(duì)外國夫婦，他們手里拿著一張城市地圖。
答案：①How did it come about that　②come about?、踓ame across

How did it come about that ...? ……是怎樣發(fā)生的？
come across 偶遇；被理解
come into being 形成；產(chǎn)生；出現(xiàn)
come into power 上臺(tái)執(zhí)政；當(dāng)權(quán)
come into effect 生效
come out 出版；結(jié)果；開花
come up with 提出；想出
when it comes to ... 當(dāng)談到……時(shí)
come on 跟著來；跟上來；[口]得啦；快點(diǎn)
come to 總計(jì)；達(dá)到

come about, happen, take place和break out這四個(gè)表示“發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”的詞語，都是不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

②　result in導(dǎo)致(P26)

(1)單句語法填空
As we all know, his hard work resulted ________ his success.
答案：in
(2)單句寫作
①M(fèi)oreover, excessive emissions of carbon dioxide may ______________ less rainfall, global warming and so on.
并且，二氧化碳的過量排放會(huì)導(dǎo)致降雨量減少、全球變暖等。
②____________， in order to enrich my social experience, I decided to apply for the job.
結(jié)果，為了豐富我的社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我決定申請(qǐng)這份工作。
答案：①result in?、贏s a result

result from 起因于；由……造成
as a result 結(jié)果(作狀語，常置于句首，并用逗號(hào)和后面句子隔開)
as a result of 由于……的原因


①　[教材原句]It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.(P26)
全球變暖正是人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致而成的，并非是一種無規(guī)律的自然現(xiàn)象。

(1)單句語法填空
①It was because of bad weather ________ the football match had to be put off.
②It is I who often ________ (help) the girl with her English.
答案：①that　②help
(2)單句寫作
①________________ that I realized that pride and satisfaction came from putting our creative ideas into practice.
正是通過制作飛機(jī)模型這一活動(dòng)，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到自豪和滿足來源于把我們創(chuàng)造性的想法付諸實(shí)施。
②________________ that organized the students to put on the performance in the Grand National Theater last week?
上周組織學(xué)生在國家大劇院進(jìn)行演出的人是你嗎？
答案：①It was through making model planes　②Was it you

該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為句子的主語human activity，連接詞應(yīng)用that。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為句子的主語，且是人稱代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)用主格，連接詞用that/who。

②　[教材原句]It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials.(P30)
用新材料來做這些東西要花費(fèi)大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就買那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。

(1)單句語法填空
________ takes strength and patience to be a long-distance runner.
答案：It
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
That will take him two years to build the house.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：That→It
(3)單句寫作
______________________________________ to create our robot.
我們花了將近三個(gè)月的時(shí)間才把我們的機(jī)器人做出來。
答案：It took us nearly three months

(1)It takes/took sb. some time/money/energy to do sth. 某人花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間/金錢/精力做某事
(2)表示花時(shí)間或金錢做某事，還可表達(dá)為：Sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.
課文回練 升華運(yùn)用
There is no doubt that it is human activity __1__ has caused this global warming rather than __2__ random but natural phenomenon. All scientists subscribe __3__ the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels. The “greenhouse effect” begins __4__ we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere __5__ (cause) the global temperature to go up.
The burning of more and more fossil fuels has resulted __6__ the increase in carbon dioxide. __7__， the attitudes of scientists are different. Some think that the trend would be a catastrophe. But some are opposed to this view __8__ they predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental __9__ (consequent). Even though we have taken some measures, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades __10__ centuries.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.that　2.a　3.to　4.when　5.causing　6.in　7.However　8.and　9.consequences　10.or
基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Father is strongly opposed to ________ (go) shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people.
答案：going　be opposed to ... “反對(duì)……”，其中to為介詞，其后應(yīng)接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。
2．The prices of this kind of wine ranged ________ ten yuan ________ 100 yuan per bottle.
答案：from; to　range from ... to ... “在某范圍內(nèi)變化”。
3．Though he is less than one year old, he is strong enough to walk ________ (steady)．
答案：steadily　副詞作狀語，在句中修飾動(dòng)詞walk。
4．Do you know how the accident came ________？
答案：about　come about “發(fā)生”。
5．With Spring Festival approaching, prices of fruit and vegetables have gone ________.
答案：up　go up “上升；增長；升起”。
6．Quantities of money ________ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married.
答案：have been spent　“a quantity of＋名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與名詞的數(shù)保持一致；而“quantities of＋名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。且由since引導(dǎo)的從句可知，主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；再根據(jù)money與spend之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填have been spent。
7．How many times do you dine out per week ________ average?
答案：on　on average “平均起來；平均來說”。句意：你平均每周在外用餐多少次？
8．Under these ________ (circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitude.
答案：circumstances　under these circumstances “在這些情況下”。
9．The gap between the rich and the poor has a ________ (tend) to become wider and wider.
答案：tendency　由設(shè)空前的a可知，應(yīng)填名詞形式，tendency “趨勢；傾向”。
10．The heavy snow can easily result ________ many accidents in winter.
答案：in　result in “導(dǎo)致”。
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1．Huge ______________ (大量的) high quality crops are exported to Africa.
答案：quantities of
2．We are still dealing with the problems ________ (由……而造成) errors made in the past.
答案：resulting from
3．________________ (只要) we keep playing well, we'll keep winning games.
答案：As long as
4．____________________ our school, I have the honor to invite you to be a judge of our English Speaking Contest.
我代表我們學(xué)校，誠邀您擔(dān)任英語演講比賽的評(píng)委。
答案：On behalf of
5．_______________________________________________________________
即使面對(duì)困難，你也不應(yīng)該灰心。(even if)
答案：You shouldn't lose heart even if you are in the face of difficulties/even if you are faced with difficulties.
Ⅲ.語法填空
The Adobe Cliff Dwellings (住所) are some of the most remarkable __1__ (attract) you will find in America. However, __2__ pays to prepare before you take the trip. We're not talking about locking up or getting a home security system, though those are __3__ (certain) good ideas, we're talking about culturally preparing.
You don't need to be a __4__ (history) scholar when it comes to the lives and languages of the ancient Native Americans, but it would help to know a thing or two about the people and their customs. __5__ (know) what their daily lives were like and the challenges they __6__ (be) up against can help you gain some insights as far as __7__ it took to create these great dwellings.
A guided tour is __8__ must if you want to make the most of this trip. Not only will you get __9__ (much) information on the lives of these Native Americans, but you might even get some access to areas that you otherwise might not __10__ (allow) to enter.
Above all else, remember to have an open mind and take lots of pictures, because the cave dwellings are an experience not quite like any other—a definitive entrance to the past.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了游客們?nèi)he Adobe Cliff Dwellings景點(diǎn)參觀時(shí)，需要做的一些文化上的準(zhǔn)備。
1．a(chǎn)ttractions　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由some可知，應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，attraction “吸引人之物”，為可數(shù)名詞。
2．it　考查代詞。出發(fā)前做些準(zhǔn)備是值得的。it為形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式為真正主語。
3．certainly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由句意“那些當(dāng)然是好主意”可知，空格處在句中作狀語，故用副詞certainly。
4．historical　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭裉幾鞫ㄕZ，修飾名詞，故使用形容詞。historical scholar “歷史學(xué)學(xué)者”。
5．Knowing　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，此處需要?jiǎng)釉~-ing短語作主語。
6．were　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。由and前的“were”可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去；由主語“they”可知，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，故用were。
7．what　考查賓語從句的連接詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)后面的從句且在從句中作賓語，意為“……的東西(事物)”，故用what連接。
8．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。a must表示“必不可少的東西”，符合句意。
9．more　考查副詞的比較級(jí)。由句意可知，此處表示“更多的信息”，故用more。
10．be allowed　考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。動(dòng)詞allow與you之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
How time flies! This is a third year that I have been in this school. In the past two and a half years, our school had organized many activities. What impressed me most is an activity calling “Learning to Farm”. In an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm which we learnt to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for so a long time, we were so happy to go to the countryside. After divided into three groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces, some dug holes, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the hole, put the earth back and pushed them down hard. We continued doing that until all the work was done. Although we were exhausted, but we felt fulfilled on our way back home.
答案：
How time flies! This is third year that I have been in this school. In the past two and a half years, our school organized many activities. What impressed me most is an activity “Learning to Farm”. an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm we learnt to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for a long time, we were so happy to go to the countryside. After divided into three groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces, some dug holes, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the ， put the earth back and pushed down hard. We continued doing that until all the work was done. Although we were exhausted, we felt fulfilled on our way back home.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第二處：had→has　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語為In the past ... years時(shí)，句子通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故had應(yīng)改為has。
第五處：which前加on或which→where　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。本句中，a farm之后的部分為定語從句，修飾先行詞a farm，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，表地點(diǎn)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where；where也可以由on which代替。故which前加介詞on或者將which改為where。
第十處：去掉but或but→yet　考查連詞。從屬連詞although與并列連詞but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)復(fù)合句中，但yet可以。故此處應(yīng)去掉but或?qū)ut改為yet。

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