話題十　宇宙探索

[對應(yīng)教材]　Book 3　Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars
(一)核心素養(yǎng)下的話題解讀
“宇宙探索”是高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中“人與自然”主題語境內(nèi)容要求之一，該內(nèi)容包括“人類生存、社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系；自然科學(xué)研究成果；地球與宇宙奧秘探索”等方面。這些話題為學(xué)生打開了一個(gè)了解宇宙的窗口。高考英語通過這些話題讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識宇宙、了解宇宙，從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對宇宙探索的好奇心和欲望。
[高考探究]
“宇宙探索”這個(gè)話題在近幾年高考中并無涉及。
(二)構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖，提升思維品質(zhì)
圖　Book 3　Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars

(三)根據(jù)思維導(dǎo)圖，完成概要寫作
圖：概要寫作
①No one knows exactly how the earth began. ②According to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”. The earth exploded loudly and produced water vapor and other gases, making the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water appeared and stayed on the surface. It was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, which made it possible for life to develop. First, the appearance of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land, which were followed by land animals. So reptiles appeared for the first time. Later, dinosaurs developed. However, they suddenly disappeared. After that, mammals came into being. Finally, humans appeared and spread all over the earth. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, making the earth too hot to live on. ③So, whether life will continue on the earth will depend on whether this problem can be solved.


1．Last week, a lecture about the total lunar eclipse was delivered by Prof. Zhang, attracting a lot of astronomical enthusiasts to attend.
上周張教授做了關(guān)于月全食的講座，吸引了許多天文愛好者參加。
2．A lecture about astronomy was delivered last week by our teacher, which appealed to lots of teachers and students to attend.
上周我們的老師做了一個(gè)關(guān)于天文學(xué)的講座，吸引了很多老師和學(xué)生參加。
3．To help you have a better understanding of universe, Student Union will organize a lecture related to it.
為了幫助你們對宇宙有更進(jìn)一步的了解，學(xué)生會(huì)將組織一次相關(guān)講座。
4．To make sure you have a better idea about astronomy, Student Union will organize a competition about the related knowledge.
為了保證你對天文學(xué)有更進(jìn)一步的了解，學(xué)生會(huì)將組織相關(guān)知識大賽。


自主排查 夯基固本


Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)system (n.) 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度
(2)theory (n.) 學(xué)說；理論→theoretical (adj.) 理論上的
(3)violent (adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→violence (n.) 暴力→violently (adv.) 猛烈地
(4)unlike (prep.) 與……不同；不像→like (反義詞) (prep.& v．) 像；喜歡→dislike (v.& n．) 不喜歡
(5)harmful (adj.) 有害的→harm (n.) 害處 (vt.) 對……有害
(6)exist (vi.) 存在；生存→existence (n.) 存在
(7)puzzle (vt.& vi.) (使)迷惑； (使)為難 (n.) 謎；難題→puzzled (adj.) 迷惑不解的
(8)pull (n.& vt.) 拉(力)；拖；牽引力
Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)religion (n.) 宗教；宗教信仰
(2)billion (pron.& n．& adj.) 〈英〉萬億；〈美〉十億
(3)globe (n.) 球體；地球儀；地球
(4)atmosphere (n.) 大氣層；氣氛
(5)fundamental (adj.) 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的
(6)chain (n.) 鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈
(7)multiply (vi.& vt.) 乘；增加
(8)thus (adv.) 因此；于是
(9)biology (n.) 生物學(xué)
(10)gravity (n.) 萬有引力；重力
(11)gentle (adj.) 溫和的；文雅的
(12)climate (n.) 氣候
(13)crash (vi.& vt.) 碰撞；墜落
(14)float (vt.& vi.) (使)浮動(dòng) (n.) 漂浮物
　[單句語法填空]
1．Harvard University takes in any outstanding student regardless of ________ (religious), colour or background.
答案：religion
2．Water ________ (exist) in three forms, which are liquid, gas and solid.
答案：exists
3．Some experts think reading is the ________ (fundament) skill upon which school education depends.
答案：fundamental
4．Fruit juice can be ________ (harm) to children's teeth.
答案：harmful
5．There is a lot of rubbish ________ (float) on the surface of the river.
答案：floating
6．What makes me ________ (puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.
答案：puzzled
7．They have the chance to build an outward-looking Europe that lives up to its ________ (globe) responsibilities.
答案：global
8．She got interested in plants and decided to be a ________ (biology)．
答案：biologist
9．The volcano erupted ________ (violent), yet the village at the foot of it survived.
答案：violently
10．The man took the little boy ________ (gentle) in his hand and put him up into the tree.
答案：gently
聯(lián)想積累
1．“太空”單詞集錦
①astronomer n. 天文學(xué)家?、赼stronomy n. 天文學(xué)
③astronaut n. 宇航員 ④satellite n. 衛(wèi)星
⑤orbit n. 軌道 ⑥universe n. 宇宙
⑦gravity n. 重力；引力 ⑧spaceship n. 宇宙飛船
⑨planet n. 行星
2．“碰、撞”家族
①hit v. 碰撞；打擊 ②crash v. 碰撞；墜落
③bump n．& v. 撞；碰撞(聲)
④collide v. 碰撞；相撞
⑤collision n. 撞擊；碰撞 ⑥r(nóng)un into 撞上

1．in_time 及時(shí)；終于；遲早
2．lay_eggs 下蛋
3．give_birth_to 產(chǎn)生；分娩
4．in_one's_turn 輪到某人
5．prevent ... from 阻止；制止
6．block_out 擋住(光線)
7．cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮
8．now that 既然
9．get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解
10．break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)
11．watch out for 密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防
　[選詞填空]
prevent ... from, watch out for, now that, in time, break out, cheer up
1．He climbed the mountain carefully, all the time ________ loose rocks.
答案：watching out for
2．Doctors say many diseases can be ________ spreading by hand washing.
答案：prevented from
3．She's enjoying the job ________ she's got more responsibility.
答案：now that
4．She started as an office junior, and ________ became the director of the whole company.
答案：in time
5．Does everyone know what to do if a fire ________？
答案：breaks out
6．Whenever I encounter difficulties, she will encourage me and help me ________.
答案：cheer up

聯(lián)想積累
1．動(dòng)詞＋out短語大全
①burst out 大聲喊叫；突然(哭，笑……)起來
②go out 外出；不再流行；(燈)熄滅
③put out 熄滅；撲滅；生產(chǎn)
④come out 出來；出版
⑤help out 幫助解決難題(擺脫困境)
⑥look out 留神；注意
⑦watch out 注意；提防
⑧find out 找出；查明
⑨break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)
⑩give out 分發(fā)；耗盡，用光，發(fā)出(光、熱等)
?work out 計(jì)劃，思考；計(jì)算出；鍛煉身體
?run out 用光；耗盡
?make out 理解；辨認(rèn)出
?carry out 實(shí)行；實(shí)施
?figure out 理解；弄清楚
2．birth用法小結(jié)
①give birth to 分娩；出現(xiàn)；產(chǎn)生
②at birth 在出生時(shí)
③by birth 在血統(tǒng)上
④from birth 自出生以來
3．“動(dòng)詞 ... from”表“阻止；禁止”短語
①prevent sb. from doing sth.
②discourage sb. from doing sth.
③stop sb. from doing sth.
④ban sb. from doing sth.
⑤keep sb. from doing sth.


課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓(xùn)練
1.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步時(shí)，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。
倍數(shù)的常用表示法：以twice為例，①A is twice as big as B “A是B的兩倍大”；②A is twice bigger than B “A比B大一倍”；③A is twice the size of B “A的尺寸是B的兩倍大”。三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞＋ times”。
You devoted __________________ as you did before, so I believe you will succeed this time.
你付出的是以前的時(shí)間和精力的三倍，所以我相信你這次能成功。
2.“Oh, dear，”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大聲說，“重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了?！?br /> now that“既然，因?yàn)椤保龑?dǎo)原因狀語從句。
______________ you apply for being the volunteer, you should take on your responsibility.
既然你申請當(dāng)志愿者，就要承擔(dān)起責(zé)任。

答案：1.three times as much time and energy　2.Now that
直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)



①　harmful　adj. 有害的(P26)

(1)單句語法填空
①It's important to protect your skin from the ______ (harm) effects of the sun.
②As we all know, a bad eating habit does harm ________ one's health.
答案：①harmful?、趖o
(2)單句寫作
He may not be able to help but ________________ asking him.
他可能幫不了忙，但是求他一下倒也無妨。
答案：there is no harm in

(1)be harmful to 對……有害
(2)harm n．& vt. 傷害；損害
do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm 傷害某人
mean no harm to ... 對……沒有惡意
There is no harm in doing ... 不妨做……

②　exist　vi. 生存；存在(P26)

(1)單句語法填空
①Some species exist ________ this small area of forest and nowhere else on the earth.
②As is known to us, the People's Republic of China came into ________ (exist) as an independent country in 1949.
③The service is available to all __________ (exist) customers.
答案：①in　②existence?、踖xisting
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
There exists different operas in China, such as Yue Opera, Yu Opera, Kunqu Opera, Huangmei Opera, etc.
________________________________________________________________
答案：exists→exist

(1)exist in 存在于……之中
exist on 靠……而生存
There exist(s)/existed ... 某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
come into existence 產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在
(3)existing adj. 現(xiàn)存的；正在使用的

③　puzzle　n. 謎；難題　vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)為難(P27)

(1)單句語法填空
①Why Lily makes the sachets (香囊) so beautifully is ________ puzzle to me.
②I'm not puzzled ________ why many foreigners are so interested in Chinese kung fu.
③Her ________ (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.
答案：①a　②about/over?、踦uzzled
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
The reporters as well as some critics remained puzzling by the election results.
________________________________________________________________
答案：puzzling→puzzled

(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件讓某人感到困惑的事情
(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的

④　pull　n．& vt. (拉)力；拖；牽引力(P30)

單句寫作
①The boss employed ten workers to ____________ the old house.
老板雇用了十個(gè)工人拆除那座舊房子。
②They said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to ______________.
他們說手術(shù)很成功，預(yù)計(jì)他妻子能恢復(fù)健康。
③He ______________ in front of the gates.
他把車停在門前。
答案：①pull down　②pull through?、踦ulled up

pull away (車輛等)駛離；開走
pull in (車輛等)進(jìn)站；駛向路邊停下
pull down 拆除
pull out 拔出；駛出
pull through 恢復(fù)健康
pull up (使)停車

①　in time 及時(shí)；終于(P25)

單句寫作
①As the proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off ______________.
常言道，“有志者，事竟成”，我們的努力遲早會(huì)有所回報(bào)。
②You'd better do one thing __________________， so that you can concentrate on it.
你最好一次做一件事，這樣你就能集中注意力。
③______________________ did anyone involved speak to the press.
任何相關(guān)人員都沒有向媒體發(fā)表過言論。
④We'll be able to finish repairing your car ____________________.
我們很快就能把你的車修好。
答案：①in time　②at a time?、跘t no time?、躨n no time

(1)in time for ... 剛好趕上……
in time to do sth. 及時(shí)做某事
(2)in no time 立刻；馬上
at no time 決不(放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度
at the same time 同時(shí)；然而
from time to time有時(shí)；偶爾
(3)take one's time 別著急；慢慢來
kill time 消磨時(shí)光

②　in one's turn 輪到某人(P26)

(1)單句語法填空
Now the young parents have to take turns ________ (look) after their sick baby.
答案：to look
(2)單句寫作
①Theory is based on practice and ________ serves practice.
理論以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)，相應(yīng)地又服務(wù)于實(shí)踐。
②This week ______________________ raise the national flag and deliver a speech at the flag-raising ceremony in our school.
本周輪到我們在學(xué)校升旗儀式上升國旗并發(fā)言。
答案：①in turn　②it is our turn to

in turn 依次地；相應(yīng)地
by turns 輪流地；交替地
take turns to do ... 輪流做……
It's one's turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事了

③　break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)(P31)

單句寫作
①At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which ______________ at ten this morning.
最終消防員們撲滅了今早十點(diǎn)超市發(fā)生的大火。
②More healthy food, or your body will ______________ sooner or later.
多吃健康食品，不然你的身體遲早會(huì)垮掉。
③He ______________ the guard and rushed into the hall.
他掙脫了警衛(wèi)，沖進(jìn)了大廳。
答案：①broke out　②break down?、踒roke away from

break away (from) 擺脫；脫離
break in 闖入；打斷
break into 破門而入
break off 斷開；中斷
break through 突破；克服；戰(zhàn)勝
break up 粉碎；解散；(關(guān)系)破裂；結(jié)束；放假
break down (機(jī)器)出故障；(身體)垮掉；(談判等)失??；(化學(xué))分解


①　[教材原句]The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(P25)
地球變得激烈動(dòng)蕩，不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。

(1)單句語法填空
①________ we will go outing or not depends on the weather.
②It is obvious to the students ________ they should get well prepared for their future.
③Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
④I think ________ impresses me about his painting most is the colours he uses.
答案：①Whether?、趖hat　③when　④what
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
Whomever is responsible for this project will be punished.
________________________________________________________________
答案：Whomever→Whoever

(1)本句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是whether the shape would last or not。
(2)①在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句稱為主語從句(Subject Clause)。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞主要有三類：
a．連詞that, whether等；
b．連接代詞what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；
c．連接副詞when, where, why, how, whenever, however, wherever等。
②常用it作形式上的主語
由于主語從句太長，為了避免頭重腳輕，常常用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末。比較常見的句型有：
a．It＋be＋形容詞(important, likely, possible, clear等)＋主語從句；
b．It＋be＋名詞(secret/idea/mystery/pity/pleasure/wonder等)＋主語從句；
c．It＋be＋過去分詞(known/said/reported/suggested等)＋主語從句；
d．It＋特殊動(dòng)詞(appear/seem/happen/matter等)＋主語從句。

②　[教材原句]This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.(P26)
這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。

(1)單句語法填空
①The sun gives off light and warmth, which makes ________ possible for plants to grow.
②They were made ________ (work) day and night in the past.
③While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe ________ (express) opinions and challenge majority views.
④As busy people, we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives ________ (easy)．
答案：①it　②to work?、踭o express?、躤asier
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
They want to make clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
________________________________________________________________
答案：make后加it

(1)本從句是“make it＋形容詞/名詞＋for sb./sth.＋to do sth.”句型。其中it為形式賓語，指代后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)make＋復(fù)合賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)
①make＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋不定式/從句
②make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語
③find, feel, think, leave等動(dòng)詞也有這樣的用法。
課文回練 升華運(yùn)用

No one __1__ (know) exactly how the earth began. According to a __2__ (wide) accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”. The earth __3__ (explode) loudly and produced water vapour and other __4__ (gas) making the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water appeared and stayed __5__ the surface. It was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, which made __6__ possible for life to develop. First, the appearance of small plants encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land, __7__ (follow) by land animals. So reptiles appeared for the first time. Later, dinosaurs developed. However, they suddenly disappeared. After that, mammals came into being. Finally, humans __8__ (appear) and spread all over the earth. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, __9__ (make) the earth too hot to live on. So, __10__ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.knows　2.widely　3.exploded　4.gases　5.on　6.it　7.followed　8.appeared　9.making　10.whether

基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
答案：whoever　whoever “無論誰”，表泛指，在句中作主語，相當(dāng)于anyone who。
2．My relationship with the actors is fundamental ________ my work as a director.
答案：to　be fundamental to ... “是……的基礎(chǔ)”。
3．I can say that it is the ________ (violence) film that I have ever seen.
答案：most violent　由“that I have ever seen”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級。
4．His last paintings are perhaps the most ________ (puzzle), which even the artists can't make sense of.
答案：puzzling　此處形容詞puzzling “令人困惑的”作表語，描述主語paintings的本質(zhì)特征。
5．There ________ (exist) a good way to solve the problem in geography.
答案：exists　There exists ... “存在……；有……”。
6．As second-hand smoking is ________ (harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.
答案：harmful　此處形容詞harmful “有害的”作表語。
7．She bought a heavy curtain ________ (block) out the light.
答案：to block　此處動(dòng)詞不定式短語to block out作目的狀語。
8．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ________， hoping to make his parents less worried.
答案：up　cheer up “(使)感到高興，(使)振作起來”。
9．Measures have been taken to prevent the river from ________ (pollute)．
答案：being polluted　prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中river和pollute之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
10．________ (like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing.
答案：Unlike　根據(jù)語意可知，“并不像”你所猜測的那樣，故填Unlike，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1．If she __________________ (生下) a boy, she would name it Aihua, meaning “l(fā)oving China”．
答案：gave birth to
2．__________ (總有一天) you'll appreciate the beauty of this language.
答案：In time
3．Nothing will ______________________ Huangmei Opera.
沒有什么能阻止我學(xué)習(xí)黃梅戲。
答案：prevent me from learning
4．______________________________________________________________
因?yàn)橹仃柟?jié)快要到了，我們打算本周六去敬老院。(now that)
答案：Now that the Double Ninth Festival is around the corner, we decide to visit the nursing home this Saturday.
5．______________________________________________________________
他一想到要參加龍舟賽，心里就高興起來。
答案：He cheered up at the thought of taking part in the dragon boat race.
Ⅲ.語法填空
Last December my mother and I __1__ (fly) to London. The first thing we did was to go on a bus sightseeing tour.
This is the best way to see all the sights and learn all about the history of the city. By the time the tour was over it was dark. The Christmas lights were very colorful. And __2__ really impressed me was so many people made __3__ (they) way home through the heavy traffic on bicycles. I was looking forward to spending the next day in Oxford Street with all its __4__ (amaze) shops. And what __5__ wonderful experience that was! We bought a ticket for the underground and could go everywhere very quickly.
We spent all morning shopping and admiring the Christmas displays inside the shops and out in the streets. Then we went to a wax museum __6__ (call) Madame Tussauds (杜莎夫人蠟像館), which had a lot of wax __7__ (figure) of famous people. My mother took a picture of me standing __8__ Prince Charles and Prince Harry. From there we took the tube to Buckingham Palace, the home of the two princes, to watch the Changing of the Guard but __9__ (fortunate) we couldn't really see well as there were thousands of tourists waiting __10__ (take)photos of the ceremony.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者和媽媽去年12月份坐飛機(jī)前往英國倫敦旅游的經(jīng)歷。
1．flew　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語“Last December”可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填flew。
2．what　考查主語從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)主語從句且在從句中作主語，所填詞意為“……的事物”，故填what。
3．their　考查代詞。make one's way意思是“前往”，且主語為people，故填their。
4．a(chǎn)mazing　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。amaze意思是“使驚奇”，它的形容詞amazing意思是“令人驚奇的”，常用來修飾物。由shops可知應(yīng)填amazing。
5．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。此處是what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，句中experience作名詞，意為“經(jīng)歷”，是可數(shù)名詞，所以要用不定冠詞修飾，故填a。
6．called　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。wax museum與call之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語，故填called。
7．figures　考查名詞。此處表示“那里有許多名人的蠟像”。由a lot of可知，此處要用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填figures。
8．between　考查介詞。between ... and表示“在……之間”。
9．unfortunately　考查副詞。根據(jù)空格后的“we couldn't really see well”可知，應(yīng)用提示詞的否定形式，且要用副詞來修飾整個(gè)句子。故填unfortunately。
10．to take　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。wait to do sth. “等待做某事”，為固定用法。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
It is five years now since I graduate from high school. Last Saturday, our class held a get-together, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a properly time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, talk about the people and things they were familiar with. It was a pity which some of us were not present as they had gone abroad with further study. Besides, they called back or sent greeting card from different places.
答案：
It is five years now since I from high school. Last Saturday, our class held a get-together, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in touch with everybody and set a time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, about the people and things were familiar with. It was a pity some of us were not present as they had gone abroad further study. ， they called back or sent greeting from different places.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第一處：graduate→graduated　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。在“It is＋時(shí)間段＋since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句”中，從句要使用一般過去時(shí)，故graduate應(yīng)用其過去式。
第五處：talk→talking　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。主語We與talk之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。
第九處：Besides→However　考查副詞。根據(jù)前后句句意可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且此處用逗號隔開，故應(yīng)用副詞However。

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