直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)①　means　n. 手段；方法(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)(P2)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Every possible means ________ (try), but none works.②I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ________ (be) the teacher satisfied with my progress.答案：①has been tried　②is(2)單句寫(xiě)作①Only ______________ will you succeed.只有用這種方法你才會(huì)成功。②Students sometimes enrich their life ____________ part－time jobs.學(xué)生們有時(shí)通過(guò)做兼職工作豐富他們的生活。答案：①by this means　②by means ofby this means 用這種方法by means of  借助于；通過(guò)……方法by no means 決不；一點(diǎn)也不by all means (用于交際英語(yǔ)表示同意)當(dāng)然可以；沒(méi)問(wèn)題(1)means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/many means作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若every/each/one/a means作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(2)by no means 位于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)部分倒裝。 ②　majority　n. 大多數(shù)；大半(P2)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空The majority ________ (be) in favor of the suggestion at the meeting.答案：was/were(2)單句寫(xiě)作①In fact, he inspired me ______________ English in college.事實(shí)上，他激勵(lì)我在大學(xué)里主修英語(yǔ)專業(yè)。②When it comes to education, ________________ people believe that it is a lifelong career.說(shuō)到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是終生的事業(yè)。答案：①to major in　②the majority of(1)the majority of    大多數(shù)be in a/the majority    構(gòu)成大多數(shù)/大部分(2)major    vi.專修；主攻 adj.主要的 n．專業(yè)major in    主修(3)minority    n．少數(shù)；少數(shù)派；少數(shù)民族(一般用復(fù)數(shù))(1)當(dāng)the majority of ... 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后的名詞保持一致。(2)當(dāng)the majority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以。 ③　occur　vi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)(P5)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ________ (occur)．答案：occurred(2)單句寫(xiě)作①________________ that I knew how to solve that problem.我突然想起我知道怎樣解決那個(gè)問(wèn)題。②If any of these symptoms ________ while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.服藥期間如果產(chǎn)生了這些癥狀中的任何一種，要立即就醫(yī)。答案：①It occurred to/struck/hit me　②occurssth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that 某人突然想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事occur為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)”，相當(dāng)于happen，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 ④　indicate　vt. 指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示(P7)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①With a nod of his head he indicated ________ me where I should sit.②He gave no ________ (indicate) that he was ready to compromise.答案：①to　②indication(2)單句改錯(cuò)①The bell indicated the end of the class rang, interrupting our heated discussion._________________________________________________________________②It is no indication that there will be an earthquake.____________________________________________________________答案：①indicated→indicating　②It→There(1)indicate sth. to sb.    向某人指出/暗示某物/事indicate that ...     示意；表明；暗示；說(shuō)明(2)indication n.    暗示；表明；預(yù)兆；指示There is no indication that ... 沒(méi)有跡象表明……There are (clear) indications that ... 有(明顯的)跡象表明…… ①　make a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等(P2)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①They settled down in Canada and made ________ life for themselves.②She had to look for part－time jobs these years ________ (make) a living.答案：①a　②to make(2)單句改錯(cuò)They moved to a new city last year and it was difficult for them to make the life there.________________________________________________________________答案：the→a(1)make/earn a/one's living 謀生(2)live/lead a ... life    過(guò)著……生活  come (back) to life    蘇醒；變得活躍；恢復(fù)生氣bring ... back to life    使……蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)；給……活力 ②　take in 包括；領(lǐng)會(huì)；理解；欺騙；收留；吸收(P8)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空Women are usually ________ (take) in to buy a lot of things that they don't really need.答案：taken(2)寫(xiě)出下列句中take in的含義①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.________②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.________③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.________④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by ill people.________⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.________答案：①收留　②吸收　③包括　④欺騙　⑤理解take apart 拆開(kāi)；打??；抨擊(論點(diǎn)等)take back 收回；退回；使……回憶起昔日take care of 照料take down 往下拽；拆卸；記下take it easy 別緊張；慢慢來(lái)take over 接替；接收；接管take off 脫下(衣服等)；起飛；大獲成功take on 承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)take one's place 入座；代替某人的位置take one's time 不急；慢慢來(lái)take up 開(kāi)始從事；著手處理；占用(時(shí)間或空間)；繼續(xù) ③　a great many 很多；許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞)(P8)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Our institute has ordered a great many ________ (instrument) from the company.②A good many new books ________ (publish) by the Foreign Language Press last month.答案：①instruments　②were published(2)單句改錯(cuò)①These pupils have read a good many of books on popular science.___________________________________________________________②A great many students in our school has taken an active part in the movement against pollution.___________________________________________________________答案：①去掉of　②has→have(1)(2)＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)(3)(4) ①　[教材原句]However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亞了。(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①________ is likely that he will not come to the party tonight. He is so busy.②The more stress you are under, the ________ (likely) you are to catch a cold.答案：①It　②more likely(2)單句寫(xiě)作__________________ you will meet some difficulties while reading the novel.＝__________________ meet some difficulties while reading the novel.在閱讀這本小說(shuō)時(shí)你很可能會(huì)遇到困難。答案：It is likely that; You are likely toIt is likely that ... “很可能……”。本句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為that從句。此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為：Sb. be likely to do sth. “某人可能做某事”。 likely①It is likely＋that從句②Sb. is likely to do sth.但無(wú)此表述：“It is likely for sb. to do sth.”possible①It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.②It is possible＋that從句但不作“Sb. is possible to do sth.”這種表述probableIt is probable＋that從句②　[教材原句]By the time California elected to become the thirty－first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.(P2)到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國(guó)第31個(gè)州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多元文化的社會(huì)了。(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①By the time they arrived, the stranger ________ (go) away.②By the time she gets home, her mother ________ (leave) for London to attend a meeting.答案：①had gone　②will have left(2)單句寫(xiě)作For something, we can't understand when we are young but ____________ we understand, we are no longer young.有些事情，當(dāng)我們年輕的時(shí)候無(wú)法懂得，當(dāng)我們懂得的時(shí)候已不再年輕。答案：by the timeby the time意為“到……的時(shí)候(為止)”，是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。其用法如下：(1)如從句謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(2)如從句謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。(3)如主句動(dòng)作不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成，只是說(shuō)明某個(gè)時(shí)候的狀況，此時(shí)主句不用完成時(shí)，而應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)，此時(shí)by the time相當(dāng)于when(主句多是be的系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式)。 課文回練 升華運(yùn)用Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, __1__ is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers __2__ (cross) the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the l6th century, after the __3__ (arrive) of the Europeans, the native people suffered __4__ (great). Thousands were  killed  or  forced  into  slavery. __5__ addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans __6__ (live) in California than in any other state. In the 18th century California __7__ (rule) by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took __8__ (they)  land.  Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of __9__ first Spanish to go to California,  the majority were religious men, __10__ ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________答案：1.it　2.crossed　3.arrival 　4.greatly　5.In　6.living　7.was ruled　8.their　9.the　10.whose 基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．They are likely ____________ (fire) by the company just because of their fault.答案：to be fired　Sb. be likely to do sth. “某人可能做某事”。主語(yǔ)they與fire之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填不定式的被動(dòng)形式。2．The majority of the interviewees ________ (prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.答案：prefer　the majority of ... 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后的名詞保持一致。由interviewees可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3．It suddenly occurred ________ him that he should offer a helping hand.答案：to　It (suddenly) occurred/occurs to sb. that ... “某人突然想起某事”。4．Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive ________ (punish)．答案：punishment　句中動(dòng)詞receive后缺賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填名詞punishment作賓語(yǔ)。5．We should not have ________ (race) discrimination.答案：racial　句中缺少一形容詞來(lái)修飾名詞discrimination, 故填racial “種族的”。6．She became the first black woman ________ (elect) to the Senate.答案：to be elected　當(dāng)名詞或代詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，則常用動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)充當(dāng)其后置定語(yǔ)，且black woman與elect之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填to be elected。7．He couldn't express himself correctly ________ means of words.答案：by　by means of ... “借助于；用……；通過(guò)……方法”。8．She ________ (slip) out of the house before the others were awake.答案：slipped　句意：她趁別人還沒(méi)醒，溜出了房子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空為句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)were可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。9．________ (hire) a car, you must produce a passport and a current driving license.答案：To hire　句意：若想租車，你需要出示護(hù)照及當(dāng)前駕照。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。10．By the time she knew the news, John ________ (fly) to America.答案：had flown　由By the time引導(dǎo)的從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，主句應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前，故應(yīng)填had flown。Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作1．__________________ (大家相信) the couple have left the country. 答案：It is believed that2．Seeing what we were doing, __________ (許多) passengers smiled at us in approval.答案：a good/great many3．When delivering a speech, sometimes you can make yourself understood __________________ an example.演講的時(shí)候，有時(shí)你可以通過(guò)舉例使大家明白。答案：by means of4．______________________________________________________________我意識(shí)到我們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該保護(hù)我們奇妙的大自然。(occur)答案：It occurs/occurred to me that our wonderful nature should be protected by everyone.5．____________________________________________________________樹(shù)木吸收二氧化碳釋放氧氣。答案：Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2020·廣西柳州市高三上學(xué)期摸底考試)We've all heard that breakfast is __1__ most important meal in the day. It may actually be true. Recently, a study of more than 50,000 adults aged 30 and older __2__ (find) that people who have breakfast are more likely to lose __3__ (weigh) than those who don't eat a morning meal. Other studies connect not eating breakfast __4__ a higher risk of high blood pressure, heart disease and so on. However, it's not just when you eat that matters, but __5__ you eat also matters. __6__ (keep) fit, you should have a balanced diet with protein, fiber and healthy fats, which is the key to a satisfying __7__ nutritious breakfast. If you want to keep __8__ (you) from being hungry later of the day, you'd better eat within 90 minutes after waking up. Also, coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended because it can be __9__ (harm)to your body. There is an old saying that advises “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a beggar.” It is worth __10__ (follow). 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，吃早餐的人更有可能減肥，不吃早餐的人更有可能患高血壓、心臟病。顯而易見(jiàn)，早餐對(duì)人體是多么的重要。1．the　考查冠詞。此處是形容詞最高級(jí)作定語(yǔ)，故填the。2．has found　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)recently可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是a study，故填has found。3．weight　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。lose weight “減肥”，固定短語(yǔ)，故填weight。4．with　考查介詞。connect ... with ... 固定搭配，“把……和……聯(lián)系”，故填with。5．what　考查主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。設(shè)空處所在句為主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故填what。6．To keep　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：為了保持健康，你應(yīng)該吃含有蛋白質(zhì)、纖維和健康的脂肪的均衡飲食……不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填To keep。7．and　考查連詞。前后是并列關(guān)系，故填and。8．yourself　考查代詞。句意：如果你想這一天不餓的話，你最好在醒來(lái)后九十分鐘內(nèi)吃東西。此處反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填yourself。9．harmful　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。be harmful to固定短語(yǔ)，“對(duì)……有害”，故填harmful。10．following　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。be worth doing，固定短語(yǔ)，“值得做……”，故填following。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)Dear Jack，I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but which worries me most is that you are in low spirit when facing failure.As senior three students, we all had taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. It is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to analyzing the cause of failure,  which can help us avoid repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make a progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good  you.  It can give you some time to be refreshing in not only the body but also the mind so that we can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.I hope all of the above can help you a lot.  Let's work hardly together and turn our dream into reality.Yours，Li Hua答案：Dear Jack，I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but  worries me most is that you are in low  when facing failure.As senior three students, we all  taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success.  is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to  the cause of failure,  which can help us avoid repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make  progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good  you.  It can give you some time to be  in not only the body but also the mind so that  can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.I hope all of the above can help you a lot.  Let's work  together and turn our dream into reality.Yours，Li Hua難項(xiàng)分析：第一處：which→what　考查主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，but連接兩個(gè)并列句，其后不是定語(yǔ)從句，故不能用which引導(dǎo)；連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“所……的事”，故用what。第二處：spirit→spirits　考查名詞。in low spirits為固定詞組，意為“情緒低落”。第四處：It→There　考查固定句式。There is no doubt that ... “毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，……”，是固定句型。 

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