話題九　災(zāi)害防范

[對(duì)應(yīng)教材]　Book 1　Unit 4　Earthquakes　Book 6　Unit 5　The power of nature
(一)核心素養(yǎng)下的話題解讀
“災(zāi)害防范”是高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中“人與自然”主題語境內(nèi)容要求之一，該內(nèi)容包括“自然災(zāi)害與防范、安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù)”等方面。這些話題與學(xué)生的生活息息相關(guān)。高考英語通過這些話題讓學(xué)生對(duì)自然災(zāi)害有所了解，從而提高對(duì)自然災(zāi)害的防范意識(shí)、了解相關(guān)安全常識(shí)，了解在自然災(zāi)害來臨時(shí)采用適當(dāng)?shù)姆婪洞胧⒆龊米晕冶Ｗo(hù)。
[高考探究]
“災(zāi)害防范”這個(gè)話題在近幾年高考中并無涉及。
(二)構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖，提升思維品質(zhì)
圖一　Book 1　Unit 4　Earthquakes

圖二　Book 6　Unit 5　The power of nature


(三)根據(jù)思維導(dǎo)圖，完成概要寫作
圖一：概要寫作
①Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei, including well water's rising and falling, chickens and pigs' failing to eat, mice's running and fish's jumping. Unfortunately, people thought little of that. Instead, they slept soundly that night.
②At 3：42 am everything began to shake, as if the world was at an end! In a flash, the city lay in ruins, causing more than 400,000 people were killed or injured. To make matters worse, the following earthquake left some of the rescue workers and doctors trapped under the ruins.
③All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Shelters were built and food and water were sent, making the city begin to breathe again.
圖二：概要寫作
①As an volcanologist, I have the greatest job in the world. ②Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because it can warn people when the volcano is going to erupt and save many people.
③Twenty years ago I was appointed to collect information for a database about Mount Kilauea. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. The first time for me to watch the crater was exciting. Though it was not easy to walk in these protective suits, we finally made it to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.
③Today, I am just enthusiastic about my job. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
Book 1　Unit 4　Earthquakes


1．A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling on/upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
地球日前一周，學(xué)校到處張貼了海報(bào)，號(hào)召我們加入綠色地球活動(dòng)當(dāng)中。
2．The International High School Student Photography Show was successfully held as scheduled, raising people's awareness of environmental protection.
國(guó)際中學(xué)生攝影大賽如期成功舉辦，提高了人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)。
3．Only if we make considerable efforts to protect the environment can we enjoy its glorious civilization.
只有我們付出大量努力保護(hù)環(huán)境，才能享受到它帶來的燦爛文明。
4．Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.
只有這樣我們才能生活在更舒適、更美妙的環(huán)境中。


自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)burst (vi.) 爆裂；爆發(fā) (n.) 突然破裂；爆發(fā)→burst (過去式/過去分詞)
(2)ruin (n.) 廢墟；毀滅 (vt.) 毀滅；使破產(chǎn)
(3)injure (vt.) 損害；傷害→injury (n.) 傷害；損害→injured (adj.) 受傷的
(4)destroy (vt.) 破壞；毀壞；消滅→destruction (n.) 破壞；摧毀
(5)shock (vt.& vi.) (使)震驚；震動(dòng) (n.) 休克；打擊；震驚→shocking (adj.) 令人震驚的→shocked (adj.) 震驚的
(6)rescue (n.& vt.) 援救；營(yíng)救
(7)trap (vt.) 使陷入困境 (n.) 陷阱；困境→trapped (過去式/過去分詞)
(8)bury (vt.) 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏→buried (過去式/過去分詞)
(9)frighten (vt.) 使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened (adj.) 受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening (adj.) 令人恐懼的
(10)congratulation (n.) 祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→congratulate (vt.) 祝賀
(11)judge (n.) 裁判員；法官 (vt.) 斷定；判斷；判決→judgement (n.) 判斷力；識(shí)別力
(12)express (vt.) 表示；表達(dá) (n.) 快車；速遞→expression (n.) 表達(dá)；表情
Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)nation (n.) 民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民
(2)suffering (n.) 苦難；痛苦
(3)extreme (adj.) 極度的
(4)useless (adj.) 無用的；無效的；無益的
(5)electricity (n.) 電；電流；電學(xué)
(6)disaster (n.) 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍
(7)shelter (n.) 掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處
(8)damage (n.& vt.) 損失；損害
(9)sincerely (adv.) 真誠(chéng)地；真摯地
　[單句語法填空]
1．Larry told Linda that she should not move in case she ________ (injure) her neck.
答案：injured
2．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ________ (ruin)．
答案：ruins
3．A sudden stop can be a very ________ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at a high speed.
答案：frightening
4．Water had gone into the mobile phone, and it was completely ________ (use)．
答案：useless
5．The art world gave me a chance ________ (express) myself without words.
答案：to express
6．Natalie's school was so ________ (damage) that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
答案：damaged
7．I ________ (sincere) hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
答案：sincerely
8．Death finally brought an end to her ________ (suffer)．
答案：suffering
9．According to his ________ (judge), this calligraphy by Wang Xizhi is priceless.
答案：judgment/judgement
10．It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene ________ (rescue) the survivors of the plane crash.
答案：to rescue
聯(lián)想積累
1．“自然災(zāi)害”單詞薈萃
①disaster n. 災(zāi)難；不幸
②earthquake n. 地震
③drought n. 旱災(zāi)；干旱
④flood n. 洪水；水災(zāi)
⑤eruption n. (火山)噴發(fā)
⑥hurricane n. 颶風(fēng)
⑦tsunami n. 海嘯
2．“A→A→A”式不規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞
①burst—burst—burst 爆發(fā)
②cast—cast—cast 投；拋
③cost—cost—cost 值；花費(fèi)
④cut—cut—cut 割
⑤hit—hit—hit 打中
⑥hurt—hurt—hurt 損傷
⑦let—let—let 讓
⑧put—put—put 放；放下
⑨read—read—read 讀；閱讀
⑩rid—rid—rid 去掉
?set—set—set 安放
?shut—shut—shut 關(guān)閉
?split—split—split 分裂
?spread—spread—spread 展開；傳播


1．dig_out　　掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)
2．judging_from/by 從……判斷
3．right_away 立刻；馬上
4．think_little_of 輕視；認(rèn)為……沒什么了不起
5．a(chǎn)_(great)_number_of 許多；大量的
6．a(chǎn)s_if/though 仿佛；好像
7．be proud of 以……為自豪
8．a(chǎn)t an end 結(jié)束；終結(jié)
9．in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪
10．be trapped in 陷入
11．be buried in 埋頭于(學(xué)習(xí)、工作等)
12．burst out 爆發(fā)
　[選詞填空]

1．When you are exposed to the beautiful scenery in Zhangjiajie, it seems ________ you were in a dream land.
答案：as if
2．________ the style of this painting, it must be painted by Qi Baishi.
答案：Judging from
3．Hardly had they heard the erhu play The Moon Over a Fountain (《二泉映月》) when the audience ________ cheering.
答案：burst out
4．Every month, ________ Chinese knots are sold all over the world online.
答案：a great number of
5．Her son graduated from college, and her worry and sorrow was ________.
答案：at an end
6．After he graduated from college with excellent academic performance, he landed a good job ________.
答案：right away
聯(lián)想積累
1．表示“立刻；馬上”的詞語薈萃
①right away　　　　　?、赼t once
③immediately ④right now
⑤in no time ⑥instantly
2．“埋頭于；專心于”的多種表達(dá)
①be buried in ②be occupied with
③be devoted to ④be lost in
⑤be absorbed in ⑥apply oneself to


課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓(xùn)練
1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至豬都緊張得不吃食了。
too ... to ... “太……而不能……”
He was ____________ (病得太重而不能出行).
2.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
人們無論朝哪里看，那里的一切幾乎都被摧毀了。
everywhere “無論在哪里”，可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，此時(shí)，相當(dāng)于wherever或者no matter where。
The book you sent to me on my birthday kept me company ____________________ (無論在哪里) I went at college.

答案：1.too ill to travel　2.everywhere/wherever/no matter where
直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)


①　burst　vi. 爆裂；爆發(fā)　n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)(P26)

單句寫作
①As soon as I appeared on stage, wearing Hanfu made by ourselves, the audience ________________.
當(dāng)我身著我們自己制作的漢服出現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái)上，觀眾爆發(fā)出熱烈的歡呼聲。
②I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils ______________.
我正在教外國(guó)友人學(xué)京劇，這時(shí)，一群小學(xué)生闖了進(jìn)來。
③When I was awarded, my classmates gave out ________________.
當(dāng)我領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)的時(shí)候，同學(xué)們熱烈鼓掌。
答案：①burst out cheering/burst into cheers　②burst in?、踑 burst of applause

(1)burst in 突然闖進(jìn)；突然出現(xiàn)
burst into ... 闖入……；突然……起來
burst out 突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)；突然激動(dòng)地喊叫
burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 突然大笑起來
burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起來
(2)a burst of 一陣……
a burst of laughter 一陣大笑

burst into與burst out都有“突然進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)或發(fā)生某種情況”的意思，但burst into后面接名詞，burst out后面接動(dòng)名詞。

②　ruin　n. 廢墟；毀滅　vt. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn)(P26)

單句寫作
①In the past the temple was ____________， but now it has turned into an entertainment center.
以前，這座寺廟是一座廢墟，現(xiàn)在變成了休閑娛樂中心。
②The investment from the government stopped the vineyards from ________________.
政府的投資，阻止了葡萄園的衰敗。
答案：①in ruins　②falling into ruin

(1)in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪
bring ... to ruin 使……毀滅；使……沒落
fall in/into ruin 成為廢墟
(2)ruin oneself 自取滅亡
ruin one's health/fame 毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)

③　injure　vt. 損害；傷害(P26)

單句寫作
①When doing exercise, do be careful not to ____________.
鍛煉時(shí)一定要小心，以免受傷。
②With the help of the volunteers, ____________ were saved in time.
在志愿者的幫助下，受傷人員及時(shí)得到了救助。
答案：①get injured?、趖he injured

(1)be/get injured 受傷
(2)injured adj. 受傷的
the injured 傷者；傷員(作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)
(3)injury n. 傷；傷口；傷害
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 傷害某人

④　shock　vt.& vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng)　n．休克；打擊；震驚(P26)

單句語法填空
①When I told them the whole thing, they were all ________ shock, and they couldn't believe it.
②She was taken to hospital, apparently ________ (shock)．
③The reason for this ________ (shock) attack seemed to be racial hatred.
答案：①in?、趕hocked　③shocking

(1)in shock 吃驚地；震驚地
(2)shocked adj. (主語多為人)吃驚的；震驚的
be shocked by 因……震驚/受到……打擊
(3)shocking adj. (主語多為物)令人震驚的；驚人的

⑤　judge　n. 法官；裁判員　vt. 判斷；斷定；判決(P30)

單句語法填空
①Never judge a book ________ its cover.
②________ (judge) from what he said, he was confident to win the first prize in the Chinese Character Dictation Contest (漢字聽寫大賽)．
③It was due to luck rather than ________ (judge) that the driver succeeded in avoiding the accident.
答案：①by?、贘udging　③judgement

(1)judging from/by ... 根據(jù)……來判斷
(2)judge sb./sth. from/by ... 以……來判斷某人/某物
judge sb./sth. (to be) ... 判定某人/某物為……
(3)judgement n. 判斷；審判；判斷力

judging from/by ... 置于句首作狀語。v. -ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立成分。類似用法的詞或短語還有：generally speaking “一般來說”，frankly speaking “坦白地說”，considering ... “考慮到……”。


①　at an end 結(jié)束；終結(jié)(P26)

單句寫作
①When the exam was ____________， a satisfactory smile spread across his face.
考試結(jié)束時(shí)，他臉上露出滿意的笑容。
②He travelled abroad after graduation, and ________________ T'ai Chi to the local people.
畢業(yè)后他出國(guó)旅游，結(jié)果給當(dāng)?shù)厝水?dāng)了太極教練。
③Go straight and you'll find the hospital ______________________.
一直往前走，你會(huì)在這條路的盡頭找到那家醫(yī)院。
④The study tour ________________， but its influence rooted deep in my heart.
游學(xué)結(jié)束了，但是它的影響深深扎根在我心里。
答案：①at an end　②ended up teaching?、踑t the end of the road?、躢ame to an end

(1)at the end of 在……盡頭；在……末端
by the end of 到……結(jié)束時(shí)；到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?常與完成時(shí)連用)
in the end 最后；終于
(2)
　 使……結(jié)束
come to an end 完成；結(jié)束
(3)make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入為出
(4)end up with 以……結(jié)束
end up doing sth.以……而告終

②　a (great) number of 許多；大量的(P27)

(1)單句語法填空
①As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners ________ (learn) Chinese as a second language.
②A great deal of money ________ (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
③Learning the facts that large quantities of soil ______________ (wash) away, the villagers took action to stop it.
答案：①are learning?、趙as donated　③were being washed
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
The number of rich people have admitted that despite their success, they aren't happy.
________________________________________________________________
答案：The→A


(2)the number of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞
＋不可數(shù)名詞
＋


①　[教材原句]It seemed as if the world was at an end! (P26)
世界似乎到了末日！

(1)單句語法填空
①When a chopstick is partly in water, it seems as if it ________ (be) broken.
②I don't feel myself today. I seem ________ (catch) a cold.
答案：①were　②to have caught
(2)單句寫作
________________ all the middle school students are longing to know about their zodiac signs.
好像所有的中學(xué)生都渴望了解自己的星座。
答案：It seems as if

(1)It seems/seemed as if ... 看樣子好像……
①It＋seems/seemed (＋to sb.)＋that ... (對(duì)某人來說)好像……；似乎……
②seem (to be) ＋adj./現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/介詞短語 好像……
③seem to do/be doing/have done 好像要做/在做/已經(jīng)做了……
④There seems/seemed to be ... 好像有……
(2)此處as if引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(3)as if也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句。如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句表示真實(shí)的或是極有可能發(fā)生的情況時(shí)，句子要用陳述語氣。
(4)當(dāng)從句中說話人所陳述的是不真實(shí)的或者極少可能發(fā)生或者存在的情況時(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣。從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式如下表：
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
從句時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞常用were)
與過去事實(shí)相反
從句時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)
與將來事實(shí)相反
從句謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形

②　[教材原句]All hope was not lost. (P26)
不是所有的希望都破滅了。

(1)單句寫作
①________ the efforts will be harvested, but all the harvest must be paid.
不是所有的付出都會(huì)有所收獲，但所有的收獲都必須有付出。
②When it came to planting trees that weekend, ________________ failed to sign our names.
談到那周末的植樹活動(dòng)，沒有人不簽名。
答案：①Not all　②none of us
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
①I love running, but no everybody is born to be a runner.
________________________________________________________________
②I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with something.
________________________________________________________________
答案：①no→not?、趕omething→everything

all ... not＝not all ... 表示部分否定，也稱半否定。
具有總括意義的代詞(each, everybody, everything, all, both等)、形容詞(complete, whole等)和副詞(completely, always, wholly, altogether等)與否定詞not連用，構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而no, none, never, nobody, neither, nothing, no more, no longer等表示否定意義的詞與謂語一起使用構(gòu)成全部否定。

③　[教材原句]Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. (P30)
評(píng)委會(huì)的五位評(píng)委聽了你的演講，他們都認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。

單句語法填空
①About 100 people attended the meeting, most of ________ I was not familiar with.
②There is a saying ________ says, “The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest men of past centuries.”
③What's more, I get along with others easily, ________ is especially useful for a volunteer.
④Lu Xun, ________ real name is Zhou Shuren, wrote many novels and essays.
答案：①whom　②that/which?、踳hich?、躻hose

(1)這是一個(gè)含有兩個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句，all of whom引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，其中whom指代five judges；而agreed后面跟了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在定語從句中，

(2)在主從復(fù)合句中，對(duì)某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。
關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why等)兩類。關(guān)系詞通常有三個(gè)作用：①連接主從句；②指代先行詞；③在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。
關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：
指代對(duì)象
指代人
指代物
使用情況
主語
who, that
which, that
從句中缺少主語
賓語
whom, that
which, that
從句中缺少賓語
定語
whose
whose
先行詞與關(guān)系代詞后的名詞有所屬關(guān)系

課文回練 升華運(yùn)用

A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in __1__ thousands of people died and many were injured. Many houses fell down and sand __2__ (fill) the wells instead of water. People were __3__ (great) shocked. All the electricity in the city was cut __4__ and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The whole city was completely __5__ (destroy) and it seemed as if the world was at an __6__. The people of Tangshan didn't lose hope, because 150,000 soldiers were sent __7__ (help) the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to dig out those who __8__ (trap). Workers also built shelters for the survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city by every means. __9__ (slow), the city began to come back to life. __10__ was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside. The water in the village wells rose and fell. Fish jumped out of the ponds. Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of them.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.which　2.filled　3.greatly　4.off　5.destroyed
6．end　7.to help　8.were trapped　9.Slowly　10.It

基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練

Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．When ________ (trap) in the forest, stay where you are, waiting for the rescue.
答案：trapped　be trapped in “被困在……”。此處用的是省略句式。相當(dāng)于When you are trapped。
2．After she heard the news, there was an excited ________ (express) on her face.
答案：expression　由空格前的“an excited”可知，應(yīng)填名詞 expression “表情”。
3．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings ________ (destroy)．
答案：were destroyed　動(dòng)詞destroy “毀滅；毀掉”，此處表被動(dòng)，且指過去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
4．When my winter vacation came to ________ end, I was recognized as the “Outstanding Volunteer” because of the time and efforts I had put in.
答案：an　come to an end “結(jié)束”。
5．Don't forget to praise him ________ (sincere) when someone does something good.
答案：sincerely　副詞 sincerely “真誠(chéng)地”，在此處修飾動(dòng)詞praise。
6．Fortunately, the two passengers escaped without any ________ (injure)．
答案：injury　前面是介詞without，介詞后用名詞作賓語。
7．Thank you for your letter conveying ________ (congratulate) on my appointment.
答案：congratulations　由空格前的現(xiàn)在分詞conveying可知，應(yīng)填名詞。congratulation “祝賀”，且常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8．I'm greatly ________ (shock) to learn that, absorbed in your iPhone, you were knocked down by a car on your way home.
答案：shocked　shocked “震驚的”。
9．The government thinks ________ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.
答案：highly　think highly of “高度評(píng)價(jià)……”，是固定搭配。
10．In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter ________ the rain.
答案：from　shelter from the rain “躲雨”。
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1．The weather was fine, so ____________________ (許多) people went to climb the Great Wall.
答案：a large number of
2．____________ (埋頭于) reading, he failed to get off the bus at the right stop.
答案：Buried in
3．Night fell, accompanied by the strong wind. ________________ it was going to rain.
夜幕降臨，大風(fēng)隨之而來，看起來要下雨。
答案：It looked as if
4．_______________________________________________________________
操場(chǎng)上的學(xué)生們對(duì)我們的飛機(jī)模型評(píng)價(jià)很高。(think highly of)
答案：The students on the playground thought highly of our model plane.
5．_______________________________________________________________
從他的書寫來判斷，他漢語一定學(xué)得好。
答案：Judging from his handwriting, he must be good at Chinese.
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2019·湖北名校聯(lián)盟三模押題第三套)Earthquakes can be destructive. Unfortunately, we don't have a __1__ (rely) way to predict. But technologies can still help us under such a desperate situation. China is building the world's largest earthquake alert system and it's __2__ (possible) the most advanced. Engineers __3__ (set) up over 15,000 sensors (傳感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web. __4__ an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary people's smartphones.
The signal travels at almost light speed and faster than the earthquake shaking, __5__ (give) local people a little time to prepare, and the system can usually send messages to people thin less than two seconds. It's life-saving. The system, __6__ can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world, not only detecting the __7__ (move) of the continents but also calculating the possible impact __8__ an earthquake. It will automatically warn local people, making __9__ (it) much faster than human observation. The system, overseen by China's Ministry of Emergency Management, is set __10__ (complete) in 2022.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)正在建造世界上最大的地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)將可能是世界最先進(jìn)的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。
1．reliable　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞way，用形容詞形式。故填reliable。
2．possibly　考查副詞。用副詞作狀語，修飾the most advanced。故填possibly。
3．a(chǎn)re setting　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后面and并列的動(dòng)詞wiring及句意可知，這里用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填are setting。
4．When/If/Once/After　考查狀語從句的連接詞。這幾個(gè)詞均符合上下文語境。句意：當(dāng)/如果/一旦/地震發(fā)生時(shí)(地震發(fā)生后)，傳感器可以向控制中心發(fā)送電脈沖。故填When/If/Once/After。
5．giving　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示補(bǔ)充說明或伴隨。故選giving。
6．which　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞which代指先行詞the system，故填which。
7．movement/move　考查名詞。根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)填名詞，move的名詞有兩種，即movement或move。故填movement/move。
8．of　考查介詞。這里表示所屬關(guān)系，表示“地震造成的影響”。故填of。
9．itself　考查代詞。making的邏輯主語為句子的主語it，即the system。it作主語時(shí)，用反身代詞itself作賓語，代替語境中的“預(yù)警系統(tǒng)本身”。故填itself。
10．to be completed　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語“in 2022”可知，這里用不定式的一般式表示將來要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。句中主語The system與complete之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)形式。故填to be completed。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
A mooncake is a Chinese bakery product traditional eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival, when is one of the four most important Chinese festivals. The festival is for lunar appreciation and moon watching. Meanwhile mooncakes are regarded as the necessary part. Mooncakes are offered between friends or on family gatherings, and today it is customary for people present mooncakes to others as presents. This helps to fuel a demand in high-end mooncakes. Due to China's influence, mooncakes and the Mid-Autumn Festival is also enjoyed and celebrated in some Asian country beyond China. Mooncakes have also been appeared in the Western world as a form of taste food.
答案：
A mooncake is a Chinese bakery product eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival, is one of the four most important Chinese festivals. The festival is for lunar appreciation and moon watching. Meanwhile mooncakes are regarded as necessary part. Mooncakes are offered between friends or on family gatherings, today it is customary for people present mooncakes to others as presents. This helps to fuel a demand high-end mooncakes. Due to China's influence, mooncakes and the Mid-Autumn Festival also enjoyed and celebrated in some Asian beyond China. Mooncakes have also appeared in the Western world as a form of food.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第二處：when→which　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the Mid-Autumn Festival，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故用which。
第六處：in→for　考查介詞。demand “需求”常跟介詞for搭配，表示“對(duì)……的需求”。
第七處：is→are　考查主謂一致。主語是and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞短語mooncakes和the Mid-Autumn Festival，故謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

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