2021高三統考人教英語一輪（經典版）學案：第一部分Book8Unit5Meetingyourancestors-學案下載-教習網

Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors

基礎自主檢測

閱讀
識記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.tentative adj. 試探性的；不確定的
2.ample adj. 足夠的；充足的；富裕的
3.spit vt. 吐出(唾液、食物等)
vi. 吐痰
4.howl vt.& vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫
n. 長嚎，嗥叫
5.dizzy adj. 頭暈目眩的；眩暈的；使人發(fā)暈或困惑的
6.gay adj. 快樂的；歡快的
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.acute adj. 有觀察力的；敏銳的；嚴重的；深刻的
2.primitive adj. 原始的；遠古的；簡陋的
3.category n. 種類；類別；范疇
4.accelerate vi.& vt. 加速；促進
高頻
應用
1.alternative n. 可能的選擇　adj. 供選擇的；其他的
2.regardless adv. 不管；不顧　　　　
3.somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地
4.skillful adj. 有技巧的；熟練的
5.delete vt. 刪；刪除
拓展
變形
1.starvation (n.) 挨餓；餓死→starve (vi.) 挨餓；餓死
2.accuracy (n.) 精確；準確→accurate (adj.) 準確的；精確的
3.interrupt (vt.& vi.) 打斷……講話；打岔；暫時中斷或中止→interruption (n.) 中斷；干擾
4.assume (vt.) 假定；設想；承擔→assumption (n.) 假定；承擔→assuming (conj.) 假設
5.sharpen (vi.& vt.) (使)鋒利；尖銳；清晰→sharp (adj.) 鋒利的；尖銳的→sharpener (n.) 磨具；削具
6.messy (adj.) 凌亂的；臟的→mess (n.) 凌亂；臟
7.analysis (n.) (pl.analyses) 分析→analyse (vt.) 分析；分解
8.ripen (vt. & vi.) 使……成熟；成熟→ripe (adj.) 成熟的
9.significance (n.) 意義；意思；重要性；重要意義→significant (adj.) 重要的
10.systematic (adj.) 有系統的；有計劃的；有條理的→system (n.) 系統；體系
11.receptionist (n.) 接待員；招待員→receive (v.) 收到；接待→reception (n.) 接待處；歡迎
12.division (n.) 分割；劃分；分配；分界線→divide (vt.) 劃分；隔開；分割
13.applaud (vi.& vt.) 鼓掌歡迎；贊賞→applause (n.) 鼓掌
14.accelerate (vi.& vt.) 加速；促進→acceleration (n.) 加速

1.后綴-en構成的動詞
①sharpen (使)變得鋒利；加強
②ripen 變成熟
③shorten 變短；縮短
④widen (使)變寬
⑤deepen 使變深
⑥strengthen 加強
⑦frighten (使)驚嚇
⑧darken 使變暗
2.-cy結尾的名詞
①accuracy 正確，準確(度)；精確
②efficiency 效率；效能
③emergency 緊急情況
④fluency 流暢，流利
⑤frequency 發(fā)生率；頻率；頻繁
⑥privacy 隱私；隱居
⑦tendency 傾向，趨勢
3.分詞用作介詞或連詞
①assuming 假設；假定
②considering 鑒于；考慮到
③including 包含；包括
④supposing 假設；假如
⑤provided/providing 假設；如果
⑥concerning 關于
⑦given 鑒于；考慮到

一動詞＋介/副詞
1．cut up 切碎；使傷心
2．fed up_with 受夠了；飽受；厭煩
3．look ahead 向前看；為將來打算
4．date from/back_to 追溯到；始于
5．keep out 關在門外；不準入內
6．show sb. around 領某人參觀
二 be＋形容詞＋介詞
7．be aware of 知道
三其他
8．regardless of 不管；不顧
9．at most 至多；最多
10．have no alternative but to_do ... 除了……別無選擇；只好……
11．with relief 欣慰地；輕松地

1．most 相關短語
①at most 至多；最多
②not in the least 一點也不
③least of all 最不；尤其不
④last but not least 最后但同等重要的是
2．無被動語態(tài)的動詞短語
①date from/back to 追溯到
②belong to 屬于
③consist of 由……組成
④come true 變成現實
⑤take place 發(fā)生
⑥break out 爆發(fā)
__________________________________________________________________

1．It seems (to sb.) that ... “(對某人來說)似乎……”
It_seems_that (看起來似乎) they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.(教材P38)
2．as 引導非限制性定語從句，指代主句的內容，意為“正如；正像”
Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us (正如植物學的分析結果明確告訴我們), all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(教材P39)
3．if only 常引導虛擬語氣的條件句或感嘆句，表示“要是……就好了”
If_only (要是……就好了) it could be just like last year！(教材P43)
4．“had＋過去分詞 ... when ...”表示“剛剛……這時……”
She had_almost_reached (就要到達) her destination when (這時) a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.(教材P43)
5．only to do表示意想不到的或令人失望的結果，意思是“結果卻……”
Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up (結果卻被……摟了起來) by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(教材P43)

單句語法填空
1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, ________ are interested in archaeology.
答案：who
2．You must be aware that it's here ________ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
答案：that
3．So we think it is reasonable ________ (assume) they lived in these caves, regardless ________ the cold.
答案：to assume; of
4．They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It must ________ (be) very uncomfortable.
答案：have been
5. ... , which suggests that they might have kept the fire ________ (burn) all winter.
答案：burning
6．We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep ________ the cold during the freezing winter.
答案：out
7．We know that they moved around, ________ (follow) the herds of animals.
答案：following
8．That's ________ they are called hunters and gatherers.
答案：why
9．He had a large, square face, ________ strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.
答案：with
10．Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, ________ smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.
答案：who
考點步步沖關

1 alternative　adj.供選擇的；其他的
n．可能的選擇；選擇對象
Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(P37)
你能想到我們今天可供利用的辦法嗎？

(1)have no alternative but to do sth. 別無選擇只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做其他事的選擇
there's no alternative ... ……別無選擇
an alternative to ... ……一種替代/選擇
(2)alternative energy 替代能源；新能源
alternative method 替代的方法
(3)alternatively adv. 可供選擇地
[名師點津]　“別無選擇只好做某事”的其他表達形式：
①have no choice but to do sth.
②cannot but do sth.
③can do nothing but do sth.
④cannot help/choose but do sth.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句語法填空
①We could take the train or ________ (alternative) go by car.
②I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible ________ (alternative)．
③We have no alternative but ________ (sell) our house to pay the debt.
④My grandmother didn't do anything but ________ (keep) house and serve everybody.
⑤If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of ________ (bring) your own.
答案：①alternatively?、赼lternatives?、踭o sell?、躪eep　⑤bringing
一句多譯
在四面楚歌的情況下，他沒有別的辦法，只好暫時放棄他的計劃。
⑥Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he ________________________ his scheme for the time being. (alternative)
⑦Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he ____________________ his scheme for the time being. (can do nothing but)
答案：⑥had no alternative but to abandon　⑦can do nothing but abandon
2 interrupt　vt.& vi.打斷……講話；暫時中斷或中止；打岔
I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(P38)
對不起，打斷了你的講話，但是他們怎么能夠住在這個地方呢？(1)interrupt sb./sth. with sth. 因某事打斷某人/某事
(2)interrupted adj. 中斷的
(3)interruption n. 打擾；打岔
without interruption 連續(xù)地；不斷地
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句語法填空
①Sorry for the ________ (interrupt) but I'd like to remind you it's time for the meeting.
②The match took nearly three hours and ________ (interrupt) at times by rain.
③The speaker went on talking, though continually ________ (interrupt) by listeners.
答案：①interruption?、趙as interrupted?、踚nterrupted
3 assume　vt.假定；設想；承擔
So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.(P38)
因此，我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒，就住在這些洞穴里。
(1)assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假設某人/某事為……
It is assumed that ... ……被認為……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假設
make an assumption 認為；假定
on the assumption that ... 假定……
(3)assuming (that) conj. 假設，假定
[名師點津]　assuming (that)表示“如果，假定”，引導條件狀語從句，類似用法的詞還有：
①supposing (that) conj. 假設；假如
②provided/providing (that) conj. 只要；如果
③given (that) conj. 鑒于；考慮到
④considering prep. & conj. 鑒于；考慮到
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練3
單句語法填空
①His ________ (assume) that it was a gas explosion proved to be wrong.
②She had allowed him to live beneath her roof, ________ (assume) that he was a man of honour.
答案：①assumption?、赼ssuming
一句多譯
他們租了那個舊房子，以為在搬進來之前房東會重新粉刷。
③They rented the old house ____________________ the landlord would repaint it before they moved in. (assumption n．)
④They rented the old house ______________ the landlord would repaint it before they moved in. (assume v．)
答案：③on the assumption that?、躠ssuming that
4 somehow　adv.以某種方式(或方法)；不知怎么地
Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no alternative means of transport. (P40)
不管怎樣他都會騎車去三十英里之外的布萊克博士那兒，因為沒有其他可供選擇的交通方式。somehow常用于陳述句、否定句，可置于句首或句尾，修飾全句。
,
anyhow
＝anyway，意為“無論如何”
somehow
意為“以某種方式”或“由于某種原因；不知怎么地”
somewhat
意為“有點；稍微”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練4
選詞填空(anyhow/somehow/somewhat)
①I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world __________， but I had no idea how to do that.
②The price was ________ higher than I'd expected.
③It may rain, but ________ I shall go out. I don't mind the rain.
答案：①somehow?、趕omewhat?、踑nyhow

1
regardless of 不管；不顧
教材
原句
So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. (P38)
因此，我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒，就住在這些洞穴里。
(1)regardless of the fact that ... 不管/不顧……
(2)in spite of＝despite 不顧/雖然/盡管……
(3)as regards＝regarding＝in/with regard to 關于；至于
(4)regard ... as ... 把……看作……
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句寫作
①我們的俱樂部對每一個人開放，不管你的年齡、性別或教育背景。
Our club is open to everyone ______________ age, sex or educational background.
②盡管年事已高，他依舊過著一種忙碌的生活。
______________ his age, he still leads an active life.
答案：①regardless of?、贗n spite of/Despite
2
date back to (＝date from) 追溯到……
教材
原句
All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.(P44)
所有物品都來自于三星堆遺址的同一挖掘現場，它們可追溯到3,000至5,000年前。
up to date 時髦的
out of date 過時的
make a date with 與……相約/約會
[名師點津]　date back to一般無進行時態(tài)，也無被動語態(tài)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
用date相關短語的適當形式填空
①The car is a beauty and quite ____________.
②The traditional friendship between our two peoples ____________ ancient days.
③Much of the information in that book is now ______________.
④I've ______________ Harold for next Sunday. Will you be able to come to the meeting?
答案：①up to date?、赿ates back to/dates from　③out of date?、躮ade a date with
3
be fed up with 受夠了；飽受；厭煩
教材
原句
Well, I'm fed up with all the attention and ... (P41)
嗯，我受夠了所有這些關注和……
be bored with 對……厭煩
be content/satisfied with 對……滿意
be delighted/pleased with 對……感到高興
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練3
單句語法填空
①I resigned from the company because I was fed up ________ my boss's constant complaints.
②________ (feed) up with his lies, she won't believe in him any longer.
答案：①with?、贔ed
一句多譯
戴維厭煩了在倫敦的工作，所以他請求轉到巴黎的辦公室。
③David ________________ in London, so he asked for a transfer to the Paris office.(并列句)
④____________________ in London, David asked for a transfer to the Paris office. (分詞作狀語)
答案：③was fed up with his job?、蹻ed up with his job

1
If_only it could be just like last year! (P43)
翻譯
要是能像去年那樣就好了！
if only “但愿……；要是……就好了”，常引導虛擬語氣的條件句或感嘆句。
(1)“if only ... could/would/might＋do ...”表示對將來事情的愿望。
(2)“if only ... did ...”表示與現在事實相反的愿望。
(3)“if only ... had done ...”表示與過去事實相反的愿望。

if only
用來表達愿望，意為“但愿……；要是……就好了”，句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣
only if
由副詞only和從屬連詞if組合而成，only僅起強調作用，意為“只要”；“only＋if狀語”位于句首時，引起主句部分倒裝
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句語法填空
①Only if a teacher has given permission ________ (be) a student allowed to enter this room.
②Only if I get a job ________ I have enough money to go to school.
③Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ (follow) your advice.
④If only he ________ (arrive) in time, he would not have been punished.
⑤If only I ________ (have) more money! I could buy some new clothes.
答案：①is?、趙ill?、踙ad followed?、躧ad arrived?、輍ad
2
Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(P43)
翻譯
突然間她坐了下去，卻又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了起來。
(1)only to do sth.“不料；結果……”，動詞不定式作結果狀語，表示一種出乎意料的或令人失望的結果。
(2)不定式和現在分詞作結果狀語的區(qū)別：不定式作結果狀語時，表示其動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后，往往表示未曾預料到的或令人不快的事情，不定式前常加only；另外，不定式還用于too ... to, enough to, never to, so/such ... as to等固定結構中?，F在分詞作結果狀語時，表示伴隨謂語動詞動作的發(fā)生而產生的自然結果(同時發(fā)生)，有時在其前面加上thus，謂語動詞與現在分詞的動作是因果關系。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句語法填空
①The fire was too big and out of control, ________ (burn) the whole building down.
②The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ (inform) that the film star had left.
③The child slipped and fell, ________ (hit) his head against the door.
④He has got married and settled in Australia, thus ________ (leave) his family in Hong Kong.
答案：①burning?、趖o be informed　③hitting　④leaving

動詞時態(tài)：現在完成進行時
現在完成進行時表示動作從過去某一時間一直持續(xù)到現在，其動作是否持續(xù)下去，則由上下文決定。
1．敘述某一動作從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到現在，仍在繼續(xù)之中或剛剛停止。常與for, since, all morning/day/week等狀語連用。
①The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn't someone answer it?
電話響了幾乎一分鐘，為什么沒有人接呢？
2．表示重復的動作。有時現在完成進行時表示的動作并不是一直不停地進行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的重復。
②—We've spent too much money recently.
—Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives have been coming around all the time.
——最近我們花了太多的錢。
——好啦，這不奇怪。我們的朋友和親戚一直來訪。
3．表示“剛才、近來”發(fā)生的動作，一般不再繼續(xù)，此時一般通過上下文語境來判斷。
③She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired.
她整天在打掃街道，她太累了。
4．帶有濃重的感情色彩，強調持續(xù)了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。
④Oh, you've come at last! I have been waiting for you for two hours.
哦，你終于來了！我一直等了你兩小時。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．We ________ (wait) here for more than two hours.
答案：have been waiting
2．Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
答案：have been trying
3．—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ (write) his essay there ever since.
答案：has been writing
4．The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
答案：has been taking
5．Tom ________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
答案：has been working

Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．Tom has been dig in the garden. I've been helping him.
________________________________________________
答案：dig→digging
2．Joseph had been going to evening classes since last month, but he still can't say “What's your name？” in Russian.
________________________________________________
答案：had→has
3．The manager has been told the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
________________________________________________
答案：told→telling
基礎達標演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．I am not accustomed to ________ (interrupt) when studying or working, so please remember this and don't do it again.
答案：being interrupted
2．The headmaster hurried to the concert hall, only ________ (tell) the speaker had gone.
答案：to be told
3．It's ________ great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.
答案：a
4．Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather ________ (mess)．
答案：messy
5．The classroom is silent except for the busy ________ (scratch) of pens on paper.
答案：scratching
6．No sooner ________ the professor entered the conference hall than everyone applauded.
答案：had
7．There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but ________ (wait)．
答案：to wait
8．________ (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do?
答案：Assuming
9．As I waved goodbye to them, I reflected on the ________ (significant) of what I had seen.
答案：significance
10．Only if a teacher has given permission ________ (be) a student allowed to enter the room.
答案：is
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．It seems of great significance for him to be informed regardless what has happened at home and abroad.
________________________________________________
答案：regardless后加of
2．It's true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. Therefore, they don't like to take the new one.
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答案：Therefore→However
3．Johnson's best friend was arrested in Australia with carrying a false passport.
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答案：with→for
4．The friendship dates from the war years has always lasted and will last forever.
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答案：dates→dating或dates前加that/which
5．If only they are here now! We would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
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答案：are→were
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據提示完成句子
1．李華是高三學生，經常想“要是我現在是大學生該多好??！”(if only虛擬語氣)
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答案：Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, often says to himself, “If only I were a college student！”
2．為將來打算，他除了為即將到來的高考做準備外別無選擇。(狀語從句省略；alternative)
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答案：Looking ahead, he has no alternative but to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination.
3．盡管他對每天做那么多的練習感到非常厭倦，但不管有多少困難，他都不得不加快復習的步伐。(feed up; regardless of)
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答案：Though fed up with doing lots of exercises every day, he has to accelerate the pace of his revision, regardless of difficulties.
4．他的父母從不打斷他學習，并經常給予他鼓勵和贊賞。(interrupt; applause)
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答案：His parents never interrupt his learning and they often give him encouragement and applause.
B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, often says to himself, “If only I were a college student！” However, looking ahead, he has no alternative but to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination. Though fed up with doing lots of exercises every day, he has to accelerate the pace of his revision, regardless of difficulties. His parents never interrupt his learning and they often give him encouragement and applause.