Unit 4 Pygmalion

基礎自主檢測

閱讀
識記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.whistle vi. 吹口哨；發(fā)出汽笛聲
n. 口哨聲；汽笛聲
2.woolen adj. 毛紡的；純毛的
3.handerchief n. 手帕；手絹；紙巾
4.brilliant adj. 光輝燦爛的；杰出的；才華橫溢的
5.ambassador n. 大使；使節(jié)
6.sob vi. 啜泣；抽噎
n. 啜泣(聲)；抽噎(聲)
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.classic adj. 經(jīng)典的；第一流的　n. 經(jīng)典著作
2.outcome n. 結(jié)果；效果
3.thief n. 小偷；賊
4.superior adj. 優(yōu)秀的；較高的；上級的　n. 上級；長官
5.fade vi.& vt. (使)褪色；減弱；逐漸消失
高頻
應用
1.professor n. 教授　　　　　　　　　　
2.wallet n. 皮夾；錢包
3.properly adv. 適當?shù)?；恰當?shù)?
4.handful n. 一把；少量
5.shabby adj. 破舊的；寒酸的
6.overlook vt. 俯視；忽視；不理會
7.condemn vt. 譴責；使……處于不幸(不愉快)的狀態(tài)
拓展
變形
1.adaptation (n.) 適應(性)；改編本→adapt (v.) 適應；改編
2.hesitate (vi.) 猶豫；躊躇→hesitation (n.) 猶豫；躊躇
3.uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→uncomfortably (adv.) 不舒服地；不安地→comfort (n.) 舒適 (vt.) 安慰→comfortable (adj.) 舒服的
4.mistaken (adj.) (見解或判斷上)錯誤的；不正確的→mistake (v.) 弄錯 (n.) 錯誤
5.classify (vt.) 分類；把……歸類→classification (n.) 分類；歸類→classified (adj.) 分類的；保密的
6.remark (n.) 談論；言論；評述 (vt.& vi.) 談論；評論；說起→remarkable (adj.) 顯著的；引起注意的
7.betray (vt.) 顯露出(本來面目)；背叛→betrayal (n.) 背叛
8.extraordinary (adj.) 不同尋常的；非凡的→ordinary (反義詞) (adj.) 普通的；一般的
9.acquaintance (n.) 相識；了解；熟人→acquaint (v.) 認識；熟悉
10.fortune (n.) 機會；運氣；大筆的錢→fortunate (adj.) 幸運的→fortunately (adv.) 幸運地；幸好
11.rob (vt.) 搶劫；盜竊；剝奪→robber (n.) 搶劫者；盜賊→robbery (n.) 搶劫(行為)
12.musical (adj.) 音樂的；喜愛音樂的 (n.) 音樂喜劇→music (n.) 音樂→musician (n.) 音樂家
13.compromise (n.& vi.) 妥協(xié)；折中→compromising (adj.) 妥協(xié)的；讓步的
14.horrible (adj.) 可怕的；恐怖的→horror (n.) 恐怖
15.disgusting (adj.) 使人反感的；令人厭惡的→disgusted (adj.) 感到厭惡的→disgust (vt.) 厭惡；嫌惡
16.effective (adj.) 有效的→effect (n.) 效果；作用

1.含mis-前綴的動詞
①mistake 誤會
②misunderstand 誤解
③misuse 誤用；濫用
④mislead 誤導
⑤misprint 印錯
⑥mistrust 不信任
2.以“-ian”結(jié)尾且表示職業(yè)的名詞
①musician 音樂家
②physician 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
③magician 魔術(shù)師
④politician 政治家；政客
⑤librarian 圖書管理員
⑥mathematician 數(shù)學家
3.“名詞＋-en”構(gòu)成的形容詞
①wool→woollen 毛紡的；純毛的
②lead→leaden 鉛的
③earth→earthen 泥土做的
④wood→wooden 木制的
⑤silk→silken 絲制的
⑥wheat→wheaten 小麥制的

一 動詞＋介/副詞
1.pass ... off as ... (把某人)改變或冒充成……
2.show ... in 帶或領……進來
3.fade out (聲音、畫面)逐漸模糊；漸淡
二 動詞/介詞＋賓語
4.in disguise 偽裝(的)；假扮(的)
5.make one's acquaintance 結(jié)識；與……相見
6.in amazement 震驚；驚訝
7.in terms of ... 就……來說；從……角度
8.in need of 需要……
三 其他
9.generally speaking 一般來說
10.once more 再一次
11.be superior to ... 優(yōu)于……
12.the other day 前幾天
13.a handful of 一把；幾個
14.fancy oneself 自以為是
15.shelter from the rain 避雨

1.“in＋n.”構(gòu)成的短語
①in disguise 偽裝(的)；假扮(的)
②in nature 本質(zhì)上
③in stock 有現(xiàn)貨的；備有現(xiàn)貨
④in force 有效；大規(guī)模地
⑤in shape 處于良好狀態(tài)
⑥in amazement 震驚；驚訝
2.“adv.＋speaking”短語
①generally speaking 一般來說
②honestly speaking 誠實地說
③frankly speaking 坦率地說
④exactly speaking 確切地說
⑤strictly speaking 嚴格地說
⑥personally speaking 就個人而言
3.“be＋adj.＋to”結(jié)構(gòu)
①be superior to 比……優(yōu)越
②be senior to ... 比……年長/資歷深
③be junior to ... 比……年輕/資歷淺
④be inferior to ... 次于……；不如……
⑤be similar to 與……相似
⑥be familiar to 為……所熟悉
________________________________________________

1.“while/when＋現(xiàn)在分詞”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)作時間狀語
While_watching (一邊看), he makes notes.(教材P29)
2.“be of＋抽象名詞”表示具有(某種特征或?qū)傩?的
Will that be_of_any_use (有用處) to you？(教材P29)
3.what if句式，“如果……又怎么樣呢”
What_if_I_was (如果我是又怎么樣呢)？(教材P29)
4.every time 引導時間狀語從句，“每當……的時候”
But they betray themselves every_time_they_open_their_mouths (每當張嘴的時候)．(教材P29)
5.“once＋過去分詞”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)
But, sir, (proudly) once_educated (一旦被教育) to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party. (教材P30)
6.形容詞(短語)作狀語
Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep_in_conversation (深入地交談)．(教材P34)
7.“if＋had done, ... would have done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對過去的虛擬
I'd_never_have_come_if_I'd_known_about (如果我知道……我是不會來的) this disgusting thing you want me to do ... (教材P35)

單句語法填空
1.This play was also made into a film ________ (call) My Fair Lady.
答案：called
2.A man is hiding from the rain ________ (listen) to people's language and watching their reactions.
答案：listening
3.I thought maybe you was a policeman ________ disguise.
答案：in
4.You can place a man ________ just a few remarks.
答案：by
5.Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, ________ requires better English.
答案：which
6.And I came to England to ________ your acquaintance！
答案：make
7.I'll show you ________ I make records on wax disks.
答案：how
8.I'll say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off ________ a lady.
答案：as
9.It'll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation. She is in need ________ both.
答案：of
10.How about ________ (begin) with the alphabet？
答案：beginning
考點步步?jīng)_關(guān)

1 hesitate　vi.猶豫；躊躇
A gentleman (G) passes and hesitates for a moment. (P29)
這時有位先生從這兒路過，他遲疑了片刻。
(1)hesitate to do sth. 對做某事感到猶豫不決；遲疑做某事
don't hesitate to do sth. 盡管做某事
hesitate about/over (doing) sth.(做)某事猶豫不決
(2)hesitation n. 躊躇；猶豫
without hesitation 毫不猶豫
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句語法填空
①She was still hesitating ________ whether to accept the invitation.
②She hesitated ________ (spend) so much money on such a dress.
③She picked up her handbag, ________ (hesitate) and almost made it to the door.
④He stopped at the turning fork, ________ (hesitate) about which way to go.
⑤Without any ________ (hesitate), he jumped into the river to save the drowning young woman.
答案：①about/over?、趖o spend　③hesitated?、躧esitating?、輍esitation
一句多譯
每當朋友遇到困難時，他都會義不容辭地給予幫助，不要求回報。
⑥Whenever his friends have some troubles, he ______________________ and require no rewards. (介詞短語)
⑦Whenever his friends have some troubles, he ____________________ and require no rewards. (hesitate to)
答案：⑥will help them without hesitation?、遷ill never hesitate to help them
2 remark　n．評論；言論；評述　
v. 談論；評論；說起
You can place a man by just a few remarks.(P29)
你可以根據(jù)幾句話判定(對方)是哪個地方的人。
(1)make a/no remark on/about 對……發(fā)表評論/不予評論
exchange a few remarks 交換意見
(2)remark on/upon 對……發(fā)表評論；談論
remark that ... 評論……
(3)remarkable adj. 顯著的；引起注意的
be remarkable for ... 因……而引人注意；以……著稱
(4)remarkably adv. 引人注目地；明顯地
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句語法填空
①She showed ________ (remark) courage when she heard the bad news.
②My life improved ________ (remark) when I discovered art.
答案：①remarkable　②remarkably
一句多譯
對別人的相貌評頭論足是沒有禮貌的。
③It's impolite to ________________ the appearance of others. (remark n．)
④It's impolite to ________________ the appearance of others. (remark v．)
答案：③make a remark on　④remark on/upon
3 betray　vt.泄露(秘密)；出賣；背叛；顯露出(本來面目)
But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.(P29)
但他們一張嘴就會露出馬腳(暴露自己的身份)。betray ... to ... 將……出賣/泄露給……
betray a secret to sb. 向某人泄露秘密
betray one's trust 辜負某人的信任
betray oneself 顯露本來面目；原形畢露
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練3
單句語法填空
①He had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he betrayed ________ (he)．
②The stealer was sick of this life. Finally, he betrayed the fact ________ the police.
③Feeling ________ (betray) by friends, the heartbroken boy was sitting there sorrowfully.
④________ (betray) by your best friend is an extremely painful thing.
答案：①himself?、趖o?、踒etrayed?、蹷eing betrayed
4 acquaintance　n．相識；了解；熟人
And I came to England to make your acquaintance！(P30)
我也正是到英國來找你的！
(1)結(jié)識某人；與某人相見
(2)have an/some acquaintance with 對……有一定了解
have no acquaintance with 不熟悉，不了解
(3)acquaint v. 使熟悉，使了解
be acquainted with 熟悉……；認識/了解……
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練4
單句語法填空
①I have heard about your friend but I am not acquainted ________ him.
②I am delighted and honoured to make your ________ (acquaint), Ms Baker.
答案：①with?、赼cquaintance
一句多譯
我是在瑪麗的聚會上初次與他相識的，自此我們成了好朋友。
③It was at Mary's party that I ____________________， and since then we became good friends. (acquaintance)
④It was at Mary's party that I ____________________， and since then we became good friends. (acquaint)
答案：③first made his acquaintance?、躻as first acquainted with him
5 fortune　n．財產(chǎn)；運氣；機會；大筆的錢
Well, I never. A whole pound! A fortune! (P30)
啊，我從來沒有見過。整整一英鎊呢！一筆財富呀！
(1)seek one's fortune 找發(fā)財機會；尋找出路
make a fortune 發(fā)財；賺大錢
try one's fortune 碰運氣
tell sb.'s fortune 給某人算命
(2)fortunate adj. 幸運的；僥幸的(＝lucky)
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately adv. 幸運地(＝luckily)
unfortunately adv. 不幸地(＝unluckily)
[名師點津]　fortune作“機遇，運氣，命運”講時，為不可數(shù)名詞；作“大筆的錢，財富”講時，為可數(shù)名詞。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練5
單句語法填空
①She was fortunate enough ________ (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
②It was ________ (fortune) to escape from being injured in the accident.
③I was late, but ________ (fortunate) the meeting hadn't started.
④__________ (fortune), he was caught in the traffic jam and late for the meeting.
答案：①to find?、趂ortunate?、踗ortunately?、躑nfortunately
單句寫作——詞匯升級
⑤現(xiàn)在在我們社會中，有很多年輕人夢想不通過努力工作就可發(fā)大財。
a．普通表達：
Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of _______________ without hard work.
b．高級表達：
Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of ________________ without hard work.
答案：a.making a lot of money　b．making a fortune

1
in terms of ... 就……來說；從……角度
教材
原句
Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar, spelling, etc, so that she can use them properly.(P31)
從語法，拼寫等角度來改正這些句子，這樣她就能正確使用它們了。
come to terms with 達成協(xié)議；和好；接受；適應
be on good/bad terms with 與……關(guān)系良好/不好
in the long/short term/run 就長遠/短期而言
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句寫作
①就薪金而言，這個工作倒是挺不錯的，但也有一些不足之處。
The job is great ______________ salary, but it has its disadvantages.
②這個國家很窮，它不得不與鄰國和解。
The country is very poor and it has to ______________ the neighbouring countries.
③我們與所有的鄰居關(guān)系都好。
__________________ all our neighbours.
④學習并不總是那么簡單，但從長遠看它總是有益的。
Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial ______________.
答案：①in terms of?、赾ome to terms with?、踂e're on good terms with?、躨n the long term
2
show ... in 帶或領……進來
教材
原句
Show her in, Mrs Pearce. (P34)
皮爾斯夫人，帶她進來。
(1)show sb. out 領某人出去
show sb. around/round 領某人參觀某地
show off 炫耀；顯示
show up 出現(xiàn)；露面
(2)on show/display 在展出
for show 為了裝門面；為了炫耀
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句語法填空
①The moment we arrived, the host showed us ________.
②When the interview was finished, I was shown ________.
③You are coming to Hangzhou this weekend. I'll be very glad to show you ________ our beautiful city then.
④He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasn't showed ________ yet.
⑤She likes to show ________ how well she speaks French.
答案：①in?、趏ut?、踑round/round　④up　⑤off

1
Will that be_of_any_use to you？(P29)
翻譯
那對你有用嗎？
此處be of any use相當于be useful。
(1)介詞of后面接表抽象意義的名詞，如：value, use, help, importance, significance等，相當于該名詞相對應的形容詞。該名詞前面可以用表程度的詞加以修飾，如：little, no, great, much, some等。
(2)介詞of后面還可接一些表示人或物的屬性的名詞，如：size, color, height, length, age, shape, quality等，用來描述人或事物的屬性，在句中作表語或后置定語。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①The dictionary will ______________ to middle school students.
→The dictionary will be very valuable to middle school students.
②The two rooms are the same in size.
→The two rooms are ______________.
③The Nobel Prize is ______________ Chinese literature.
→The Nobel Prize is of great importance to Chinese literature.
答案：①be of great value?、趏f the same size　③very important to
2
What_if I was? (P29)
翻譯
如果我是又怎樣呢？
What if ...？常用來提出假設、建議、邀請、要求等，意為“倘若……將會怎樣？”“如果……將會怎樣？”。后面經(jīng)常跟一般現(xiàn)在時，有時根據(jù)語境也可以跟虛擬語氣。
相似句型：
How come ...? 怎么會這樣？/怎么搞的？
How/What about ...? ……怎么樣？
What for? 為什么目的？/為何理由？
So what? 那又怎樣？
Why not do ...? 為什么不做……？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句寫作
①火車要是晚點會怎么樣呢？
____________ the train is late?
②既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法語怎么還會這樣糟糕？
If she spent five years in Paris, ____________ her French is so bad?
③——他比你小十五歲。
——那又怎么樣？
—He is fifteen years younger than you.
—______________？
④為什么不和我們一起踢足球呢？
____________ play soccer with us?
⑤今晚我們?nèi)タ措娪霸趺礃樱?br /> ________________our going to the cinema tonight?
答案：①What if?、趆ow come?、跾o what?、躓hy not
⑤What/How about

過去分詞作狀語
過去分詞在句中一般能作時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨和方式狀語，相當于各類狀語從句，一般表示被動的動作，也表示動作已經(jīng)完成，具體情況如下：
1．時間狀語
①Seen from the hill, the park looks even more beautiful.
→When (the park is) seen from the hill, it looks even more beautiful.
從山上看，這個公園更美麗了。
2．原因狀語
②Greatly touched by the teacher's words, the boy devoted all his time to study.
→Because (the boy was) greatly touched by the teacher's words, he devoted all his time to study.
這個男孩被老師的話深深感動了，他全身心地投入到學習中。
3．條件狀語
③Given more time, we could do it much better.
→If (we were) given more time, we could do it much better.
如果給我們更多時間，我們能做得更好。
4．讓步狀語
④Left at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.
→Although (he was) left at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.
盡管約翰被留在家里，他一點也不害怕。
5．方式、伴隨狀語
⑤The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.
→The teacher entered the classroom, and (he was) followed by a group of students.
這個老師進入教室，后面跟著一群學生。
[重點提示]　
(1)選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語，關(guān)鍵是看主句的主語與分詞表示動作之間的關(guān)系。如果分詞的動作由主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就用現(xiàn)在分詞，如果二者之間是被動關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。
Used for a long time, the book looks old.
這本書用了很長一段時間了，看起來很舊。
Seeing this, some of us became worried.
看到這種情況，我們有些人著急起來。
(2)連詞＋分詞/分詞短語
有時為使分詞短語與主句關(guān)系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞，連詞有：when, while, if, unless, once等，但分詞的邏輯主語和主句的主語必須為同一個。
While waiting there, he saw two students coming out of the building.
當他在那等的時候，他看見兩個學生從樓里出來了。
When asked the secret of his success, he owed it to his wife and children.
當被問到他成功的秘訣時，他把這歸功于他的妻子和孩子們。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．________ (view) from a distance, the island looked like a cloud.
答案：Viewed
2．________ (give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
答案：Given

3．Once ________ (publish), the novel will be very popular.
答案：published
4．________ (surprise) at my reaction, she tried to comfort me.
答案：Surprised
5．(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案：used
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．The computer center, opening last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
________________________________________________
答案：opening→opened
2．When being completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
________________________________________________
答案：去掉being
3．Suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
________________________________________________
答案：Suffered→Having suffered
4．Astonishing at the amount of work in the new timetable, she decided to leave her job immediately.
________________________________________________
答案：Astonishing→Astonished
5．Ordering over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
________________________________________________
答案：Ordering→Ordered
基礎達標演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Tom arrived at school late again, which made him feel awkward and ________ (comfort)．
答案：uncomfortable
2．Generally ________ (speak), youths of eighteen are too young for such work.
答案：speaking
3．The well-dressed lady is reported to ________ (rob) of her purse yesterday.
答案：have been robbed
4．This model is technically superior ________ its competitors. Therefore, it is well received.
答案：to
5．Della walked towards the closed window. ________ (hesitate) for a few minutes, she finally opened it.
答案：Having hesitated
6．What you said has led to the ________ (mistake) belief that smoking is not harmful.
答案：mistaken
7．The school makes it clear that essays from online should not be passed off ________ being written by the students.
答案：as
8．While ________ (listen) to the radio, she fell asleep.
答案：listening
9．________ (absorb) in the book, he didn't notice me enter the room.
答案：Absorbed
10．The news that he ________ (betray) state secrets for years is made known to the public.
答案：has been betraying
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．It is surprising that the headmaster of the school should be found guilty and condemned for ten years in jail.
________________________________________________
答案：for→to
2．He and his wife are of the mind. They both want their son to go to college.
________________________________________________
答案：the→one/same
3．The rich man said to the young, “You should work hard in the outside world to make fortune.”
________________________________________________
答案：make后加a
4．I made an apology that I had taken your umbrella by mistaken.
________________________________________________
答案：mistaken→mistake
5．His understanding of the new skill is superior to those of his old companions.
________________________________________________
答案：those→that
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據(jù)提示完成句子
1．上大學的時候，我讀了一個高級教授改編的劇本。(adapt)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：When at college, I read a play adapted by a superior professor.
2．我有個問題想請教他，但猶豫不決。(hesitate)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：I had a question and wanted to consult him, but I hesitated.
3．原因是我怕我會出錯，也怕他看不起我這樣窮酸的學生。(overlook)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：The reason was that I was afraid that I might be mistaken and that he would overlook such a shabby student like me.
4．但我的同學告訴我他非同尋常，而且很容易相處。(extraordinary)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：But my classmates told me that he was extraordinary and was easy to get along with.
5．我鼓起勇氣去見他。讓我非常高興的是，很快我們就像熟人一樣進行了交談。(acquaintance)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：I gathered my courage to visit him. Much to my delight, it was not long before we talked as if we had been acquaintances.
6．從他身上我不僅學到了很多戲劇知識，而且學會了如何創(chuàng)作戲劇。(not only ... but also ...)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Not only did I learn much knowledge about the play from him, but I also learned how to create one.
B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：When at college, I read a play adapted by a superior professor. I had a question and wanted to consult him, but I hesitated. The reason was that I was afraid that I might be mistaken and that he would overlook such a shabby student like me. But my classmates told me that he was extraordinary and was easy to get along with. Thus, I gathered my courage to visit him. Much to my delight, it was not long before we talked as if we had been acquaintances. Not only did I learn much knowledge about the play from him, but I also learned how to create one.

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