Unit 2 Robots

基礎(chǔ)自主檢測

閱讀識記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.bonus n. 額外津貼；獎金；紅利
2.apron n. 圍裙
3.absurd adj. 荒謬的；可笑的
4.clerk n. 售貨員；職員；旅館接待員
5.cuisine n. 烹飪(風味)；菜肴
6.mailbox n. 〈美〉郵筒；信箱
7.biochemistry n. 生物化學
8.theoretical adj. 理論(上)的；假設(shè)的
9.framework n. 框架；結(jié)構(gòu)
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.fiction n. 小說；虛構(gòu)或想象出來的事
2.haircut n. 發(fā)型；理發(fā)
3.cushion n. (坐、跪時用的)軟墊；靠墊；墊子
4.bedding n. 寢具；鋪蓋
5.necklace n. 項鏈
6.armchair n. 扶手椅；單座沙發(fā)
7.biography n. (由他人撰寫的)傳記；傳記文學
8.part-time adj. 兼職的
高頻應(yīng)用
1.alarm n. 警報；驚恐　vt. 使警覺；使驚恐；驚動
2.overweight adj. 超重的；體重超常的
3.pile n. 堆；摞；疊；　vi. 堆積；堆起　vt. 把……堆起；積聚
4.scan vt. 細看；仔細檢查；粗略地看；瀏覽；掃描
5.counter n. 柜臺；計數(shù)器
6.awful adj. 極壞的；極討厭的；可怕的；(口語)糟透的
7.affair n. 事務(wù)；事情；曖昧關(guān)系
8.digital adj. 數(shù)字的；數(shù)碼的；手指的；腳趾的
9.aside adv. 在一邊；向一邊　　　　　　
10.grand adj. 大的；豪華的；雄偉的
11.receiver n. 收件人；接收機；電話聽筒
12.bound adj. 一定的；密切相關(guān)的
13.staff n. 全體員工；手杖
14.thinking n. 思想；思考
15.divorce n. 離婚；斷絕關(guān)系 vt. 與……離婚；與……脫離
拓展變形
1.desire (n.) 渴望；欲望；渴求 (vt.) 希望得到；想要→desirable (adj.) 渴望得到的；值得擁有的
2.satisfaction (n.) 滿意；滿足；令人滿意的事物→satisfy (vt.) 使?jié)M足；使?jié)M意→satisfying/satisfactory (adj.) 令人滿意的→satisfied (adj.) 滿意的
3.sympathy (n.) 同情(心)→sympathetic (adj.) 同情的
4.elegant (adj.) 優(yōu)雅的；高雅的；講究的→elegance (n.) 優(yōu)雅；高雅
5.favour (n.) 喜愛；恩惠 (vt.) 喜愛；偏袒→favourable (adj.) 贊成的；有利的→favourite (adj.) 最喜愛的
6.accompany (vt.) 陪伴；伴奏→company (n.) 陪伴；做伴；公司→companion (n.) 伙伴；伴侶；同伴
7.declare (vt.) 宣布；聲明；表明；宣稱→declaration (n.) 宣言；公布
8.envy (vt.) 忌妒；羨慕→envious (adj.) 忌妒的；羨慕的
9.affection (n.) 喜愛；愛；感情→affect (vt.) 影響；感動→effect (n.) 結(jié)果；作用；影響→effective (adj.) 有效果的
10.imagination (n.) 想象(力)；創(chuàng)造力；幻想物→imagine (vt.) 想象→imaginary (adj.) 想象的→image (n.) 形象；圖像
11.junior (adj.) 較年幼的；資歷較淺的；地位較低的 (n.) 年少者；晚輩；等級較低者→senior (adj.) 年長的；資歷較老的；地位較高的；高級的 (n.) 前輩；資歷深者；年長者
12.talent (n.) 天才；特殊能力；才干→talented (adj.) 有才氣的；有才能的
13.obey (vt.& vi.) 服從；順從→disobey (反義詞)(vt.& vi.) 不服從；違抗
14.assessment (n.) 評價；評定→assess (vt.) 估價；評定

1.over-前綴詞全接觸
①overweight adj. 超重的
②overload vt. 超載
③overvalue vt. 高估
④overwork v. 過度工作
⑤overuse vt. 過度使用
2.以“-fy”結(jié)尾的動詞集錦
①satisfy 使?jié)M意
②beautify 美化
③classify 分類
④purify 凈化
⑤simplify 簡化
3.“一字母之差”的單詞一覽
①affect vt. 影響→effect n. 影響；作用
②fellow n. 家伙→follow v. 跟隨
③willow n. 垂柳→pillow n. 枕頭
④weep v. 哭泣→peep vi.窺視
⑤will n. 意愿→fill v. 填充

一 動詞＋介/副詞
1.test out 考驗出；檢驗完
2.reach for 伸手去夠
3.accompany sb. to ... 陪伴某人到……
4.ring up 給……打電話
5.turn around 轉(zhuǎn)向；回轉(zhuǎn)
6.leave ... alone 不管；別惹；讓……一個人待著；和……單獨在一起
7.set aside 將……放在一邊；為……節(jié)省或保留(錢或時間)
8.take sth. seriously 嚴肅對待某事
二 be＋形容詞＋介詞
9.be bound to 必然；一定要
三 其他
10.or rather 更確切地說
11.in all 一共；總計

1.rather相關(guān)短語一覽
①or rather 更確切地說
②rather than 而不是
③would rather 寧愿
2.打電話相關(guān)短語大全
①ring sb. up 給某人打電話
②call sb. up 給某人打電話
③give sb. a (phone) call/ring 給某人打個電話
④call/ring back 回電話
⑤hold on 別掛斷
⑥r(nóng)ing off/hang up 掛斷
⑦get through 接通電話
_________________________________________________________________

1.more ... than ... “與其(說)……倒不如(說)……”
His name was Tony and he seemed more_like_a_human_than_a_machine (與其說像一臺機器，倒不如說更像人)．(教材P11)
2.there be/seems/stands ... 倒裝句
As she turned around, there_stood (站在那兒) Gladys Claffern.(教材P11)
3.It is/was ... that/who ... 強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)
It_was_then_that (就是在那個時候) Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.(教材P12)
4.have sb./sth. doing “容忍/允許某人/某物做某事”
But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have_women_falling_in_love_with_machines (不能讓女人與機器相愛)．(教材P12)
5.have sth. done “讓……被做”
Asimov began having_stories_published (發(fā)表小說) in science fiction magazines in 1939.(教材P16)

單句語法填空
1.It was going to be tested ________ by Larry's wife, Claire.
答案：out
2.On the second morning Tony, ________ (wear) an apron, brought her breakfast.
答案：wearing
3.As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself ________ (smart) and her home more elegant.
答案：smarter
4.As he was not allowed ________ (accompany) her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.
答案：to accompany
5.________the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair.
答案：By
6.Tony told her and suggested that she ________ (invite) Gladys and her friends to the house.
答案：(should) invite
7.She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed ________ (catch) her in time.
答案：to catch
8.She screamed, ________ (push) him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.
答案：pushed
9.Asimov's life began in Russia, ________ he was born on 2nd January, 1920.
答案：where
10.Use a clear simple style as if you ________ (be) writing to younger students in your school.
答案：were
考點步步?jīng)_關(guān)

1 desire　n．渴望；欲望；渴求
　　　vt.希望得到；想要
Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires？(P10)
你認為機器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望嗎？
(1)have a strong desire
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)desirable adj. 令人滿意的；可取的；值得擁有的
[名師點津]　desire不用于進行時。后接賓語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。此外，由desire轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞或名詞后的主語從句或表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。
即時練1
單句語法填空
①He has a desire ________ success though he has failed many times.
②It is not easy to get a ________ (desire) job that corresponds with interests.
③Anyone ________ (desire) to vote must come to the meeting.
④We desire that immediate help ________ (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
答案：①for　②desirable?、踕esiring　④(should) be given
一句多譯
離婚后，她急切地想開一個屬于自己的小商店。
⑤Following the divorce, she __________________ of her own. (desire v．)
⑥Following the divorce, she __________________ of her own. (desire n．)
⑦Following the divorce, she ___________________ of her own. (desire that ...)
答案：⑤desired to open/own a small shop?、辢ad a desire to open/own a small shop?、遜esired that she (should) open/own a small shop
2 sympathy　n．同情(心)
Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.(P11)
克萊爾覺得機器人向她表示同情有點荒唐可笑。
have/feel sympathy for sb.對某人表示同情
get sympathy from sb.獲得某人的同情
out of sympathy 出于同情
express sympathy for (對……表示)體恤/同情
in sympathy with 同情；贊成
out of sympathy with 不贊成，不支持；不同情

即時練2
單句語法填空
①Looking at the photos, I couldn't help feeling sympathy ________ the deaths in the earthquake.
②Out ________ sympathy for the homeless children he gave them shelter for the night.
③The steel workers went on strike ________ sympathy with the miners.
答案：①for?、趏f　③in

3 favour　n．喜愛；恩惠；幫助；偏袒
vt.喜愛；偏袒
As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.(P11)
托尼為了讓克萊爾高興起來，答應(yīng)幫助她，使她變得更漂亮，使她的家變得更高雅大方。(1)ask sb. a favour 請某人幫忙
do sb. a favour 幫某人一個忙
owe sb. a favour 欠某人人情
(2)in favour of 贊同；支持
in one's favour 有利于某人
(3)favourite adj. 特別受喜愛的 n. 特別喜愛的人(物)
注：favor和favour兩種拼寫方法均可。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練3
單句語法填空
①Coffee has been a part of people's lives for thousands of years, and today it is still one of the ________ (favour) drinks in the world.
②Our products have good fame at home and abroad, deeply ________ (favour) by customers.
答案：①favourite?、趂avoured
一句多譯
他贊成為了同所有愛好和平的國家改善關(guān)系而進行努力。
③He ________________ to improve relations with all peace-loving countries. (favour v．)
④He ________________ to improve relations with all peace-loving countries. (favour n．)
答案：③favoured the efforts?、躻as in favour of the efforts
4 accompany　vt.陪伴；伴奏；伴隨
As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.(P11)
因為不允許托尼陪克萊爾去商店，因此托尼為她列了一個物品清單。
(1)accompany sb. to ... 陪某人到……(to為介詞)
accompany sb. at/on sth. 用某物(尤指用鋼琴)為某人伴奏
accompany ... with ... 伴隨著；兼帶有
be accompanied by ... 由……陪伴/伴隨
(2)in company with 與……一起；陪同
keep sb. company 陪伴某人
(3)companion n. 同伴，伙伴
[名師點津]　漢語中的“陪伴某人做某事”用英語不能表達成“accompany sb. to do sth.”而是表達成“accompany sb. to a place”或者“to do sth. in company with sb.”。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練4
單句語法填空
①While she danced wonderfully on the stage, her mother accompanied her ________ the piano.
②You will make yourself understood better if you accompany your words ________ gestures.
③Wally, ________ (accompany) by the nurse, was flown directly to a hospital for more intensive treatment.
答案：①on/at?、趙ith?、踑ccompanied
一句多譯
上周，我們和幾個外國游客一起參觀了博物館。
④We visited the museum ______________ a few foreign tourists last week. (company)
⑤We visited the museum ______________ a few foreign tourists last week. (accompany)
答案：④in company with?、輆ccompanied by

5 declare　vt.宣布；表明；聲明；宣稱
She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(P11)
她大叫一聲“托尼”，接著她就聽到托尼鄭重地說第二天他不想離開她，并且他并不滿足于僅僅使她開心。
declare sb./sth. to be ... 宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against ... 宣布支持/反對……
declare war (on ...) (向……)宣戰(zhàn)
declare sth. open/closed 宣布某事開始/結(jié)束

declare
通常指正式、明確地向公眾“宣布；宣告；聲明”，側(cè)重“當眾”發(fā)表，多用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和、宣判等，往往帶有權(quán)威性。后面可跟復合賓語
announce
指正式地“公開；發(fā)表；宣布”，側(cè)重“預告”人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞之類的消息。需要接間接賓語時，要在間接賓語前加to
[一言辨異]　Our country has declared against any war between the two countries, which will be announced to the nation.
我們國家已經(jīng)聲明反對兩國間的任何戰(zhàn)爭，而且將會對全民宣布。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練5
單句語法填空
①I disliked my present job, but my father declared ________ my idea.
②When the result ________ (declare) the great crowd outside the town hall cheered wildly.
③During the Greece-Persia War, Athens gained the final success, so they sent a soldier to run back home, ________ (declare) the end of the war.
答案：①against?、趙as declared　③declaring
用announce/declare的適當形式填空
④It was only last February that he ________ he would run for president.
⑤His lawyers are confident that the judges will ________ Mr Stevens innocent.
答案：④announced?、載eclare

1
ring up 給……打電話
教材
原句
When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him. (P11)
柜臺售貨員對她很粗魯，她就打電話給托尼，讓售貨員同托尼講話。
(1)call sb./telephone sb./phone sb. /give sb. a call/give sb. a ring 給某人打電話
(2)ring/call back 回電話
(3)ring off/hang up 掛斷電話
(4)hold on 別掛斷
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句寫作
①我打電話預約了一下。
I ________________ and made an appointment.
②你能讓他給我回電話嗎？
Can you ask him to ____________ me __________？
③我還未來得及解釋他就掛了電話。
He __________________ before I could explain.
④先別掛電話好嗎？我去看看經(jīng)理在不在辦公室。
Can you __________________？ I'll see if the manager is in the office.
答案：①rang up　②ring/call; back?、踨ang off/hung up?、躧old on
2
leave ... alone 不管；別惹；讓……一個人待著；和……單獨在一起
教材
原句
She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed. (P12)
她高聲嚷著：“讓我獨自待一會兒！”然后就跑上了床。
leave aside 把某事擱置一邊；不予考慮
leave out 省略；遺漏
leave for ... 動身去……
leave behind 留下；把……丟在后面
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句語法填空
①He was asked to leave ________ another city in 24 hours.
②The teacher required us to leave ________ some unnecessary words in our essays.
③What's your opinion, leaving ________ the question of expense?
答案：①for?、趏ut?、踑side
單句寫作
④Generally, we enjoy our friends' company, but there are occasions when we hope ______________ (獨處) for a while.
⑤You have to follow closely if you want to avoid ________________ (落后)．
答案：④to be left alone/to leave ourselves alone?、輇eing left behind
3
set aside 將……放在一邊；省出或留出(錢或時間)
教材
原句
He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.(P13)
當他的老板說他可以留出一些時間進行鍛煉時，他感到高興。
(1)set off 出發(fā)；動身；引爆；引起
set about doing 著手；開始(做……)(后接名詞、動名詞)
set out (to do ... ) 出發(fā)；開始(做……)(后接不定式)
set down 放下；記下
set up 建立；搭建
(2)lay aside 放在一邊
put aside 積蓄；擱一擱
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練3
單句語法填空
①As soon as she arrived, she set ________ tidying up the room.
②The old couple tried to set ________ some extra money for some purpose.
③The school has set ________ a special class to help those poor learners.
④Having said goodbye to their friends, they set ________ for their destination.
⑤His speech set ________ violence in the crowd.
⑥He will set ________ all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.
答案：①about?、赼side?、踰p?、躱ff/out?、輔ff?、辒own

But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have_women_falling_in_love_with_machines.(P12)
翻譯
但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還得作一番改造——總不能讓女人與機器相愛吧。
have 在此為使役動詞，意為“使……；讓……”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
(1)have sb./sth. doing “讓……不停地做某事/處于某種狀態(tài)”；若用于否定句中，have表示“容忍；容許”之意。
(2)have sth. done 表示“使某事被做”或“遭遇某事”(賓語與賓補為被動關(guān)系)。
(3)have sb. do “讓某人做……”(指一次性的具體的動作)，其中do前面不能帶to。
(4)have sth. to do，這一結(jié)構(gòu)中have 意為“有”，即“有某事要做”，不定式作定語。主動表被動。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練
單句語法填空
①Growing up, I had people ________ (tell) me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150＋at 17, I'm anything but stupid.
②It's important to have your eyes __________ (examine) regularly.
③I had Mary __________ (clean) my bedroom yesterday.
④If you have something awful ________ (say), have the courage to face the person and say it.
答案：①telling　②examined?、踓lean　④to say

被動語態(tài)(包括to do 不定式)
謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)
1．其構(gòu)成為“be＋done”，不同時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在助動詞be上。
①The magazine is published in Shanghai.
這本雜志在上海出版。
2．含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成為“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋done”
②It is required that the work (should) be finished in a week.
要求工作在一周內(nèi)完成。
3．短語動詞的被動語態(tài)中，短語動詞為一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。
③The spelling of the word “expect” must be paid attention to.
單詞“expect”的拼寫必須被注意。
動詞不定式的被動形式
1．動詞不定式一般式的被動形式為“to be done”。
④We have had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success.
我們獲得了良好的開端，但接下來，為了取得最終的勝利，我們需要做更多的工作。
2．動詞不定式完成式的被動形式為“to have been done”，表示此動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。
⑤Look at the pride on Tom's face. He seems to have been praised by the manager just now.
看湯姆臉上的自豪，他好像剛剛被經(jīng)理表揚了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．More expressways ________ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
答案：will be built
2．There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________ (discover)．
答案：to be discovered
3．The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project ________ (finish) by the students independently.
答案：had been finished
4．The dictionary is said to ________ (translate) into many languages.
答案：have been translated
5．Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.
答案：is found
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．There are still many problems to be solving before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
________________________________________________
答案：solving→solved
2．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city to cheered by their enthusiastic supporters.
________________________________________________
答案：cheered前加be
3．These young seedlings required looked after carefully.
________________________________________________
答案：looked→looking或required后加to be
4．He was the last one to be asking to speak at the meeting.
________________________________________________
答案：asking→asked
5．I'm glad have been helped by so many warm-hearted people.
________________________________________________
答案：glad后加to
基礎(chǔ)達標演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．The rich man felt sympathy ________ the victims in the earthquake and gave away a lot of money to them.
答案：for
2．________ (accompany) by his wife, he has recovered from the operation soon.
答案：Accompanied
3．You are bound ________ (win) the game if you have faith in yourself.
答案：to win
4．It was when Tom was eleven years old ________ his talent for writing became obvious.
答案：that
5．Having worked for just a few days, Richard was junior ________ those who had been in the company for a long time.
答案：to
6．The question could not be resolved, at least not to my ________ (satisfy)．
答案：satisfaction
7．Perhaps he felt he needed to prove that he was as ________ (talent) as you.
答案：talented
8．The teacher desired that all the exercises ________ (hand) in before school was over.
答案：(should) be handed
9．If you ________ (obey) the order, the disaster could not have happened.
答案：had obeyed
10．Although ________ (divorce), they continued to live under the same roof.
答案：divorced
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．After a whole afternoon's heated discussion, they finally declared us what had been decided.
________________________________________________
答案：declared后加to
2．Would you please go away and leave me lonely?
________________________________________________
答案：lonely→alone
3．It can be very satisfied to work in the garden.
________________________________________________
答案：satisfied→satisfying
4．My boss used to be strict with his staffs, which made all of them nervous at seeing him.
________________________________________________
答案：staffs→staff
5．Could you do me favour and pick up Sam from school today?
________________________________________________
答案：favour前加a
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據(jù)提示完成句子
1．在信息時代，可能每個人都渴望有一個機器人。(desire to)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：In the information age, it's likely that everyone desires to have a robot.
2．當你受到驚嚇時，它會陪伴著你直到你想一個人待著。(accompany)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：It will accompany you until you want to be left alone when you are alarmed.
3．你上班時，它會在家服從你的命令，記錄下給你打電話的號碼，甚至會處理一些辦公事務(wù)。(set down)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：While you are at work, it will obey your orders and set down the numbers that ring you up and even deal with some office affairs.
4．這樣的機器人與其說是一臺機器，不如說是一個朋友。(more ... than ...)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Such a robot is more a friend than a machine.
5．毫無疑問，很多人都支持機器人的研發(fā)。(in favour of)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：There is no doubt that a lot of people are in favour of the research and development of robots.
6．我相信，如果你有這樣的機器人，別人一定會羨慕你的。(be bound to)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：I am convinced that if you have such a robot, others are bound to envy you.
B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：In the information age, it's likely that everyone desires to have a robot which will accompany you until you want to be left alone when you are alarmed. While you are at work, it will obey your orders and set down the numbers that ring you up and even deal with some office affairs. Such a robot is more a friend than a machine. There is no doubt that a lot of people are in favour of the research and development of robots. I am convinced that if you have such a robot, others are bound to envy you.

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