①　[教材原句]We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick ... (P38)我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚……(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Where have you been? We have been ________ (look) for you everywhere.②All these years they have been ________ (write) articles for our magazine.答案：①looking　②writing(2)單句寫(xiě)作Peter went to the library after breakfast and ________________ books there ever since.彼得早飯后去了圖書(shū)館，自從那時(shí)起就一直在那里讀書(shū)。答案：has been readinghave been doing 為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止，也可能延續(xù)到將來(lái)。 ②　[教材原句]Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(P39)很對(duì)。正如植物學(xué)的分析結(jié)果已經(jīng)告訴我們的，這兒四周曾是一個(gè)很大的淺水湖。(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①________ is known to all, China is a developing country with a long history.②The number of senior high school students is increasing, ________ is mentioned above.答案：①As　②as(2)單句寫(xiě)作①“You can't judge a book by its cover”， __________________.正如古語(yǔ)所說(shuō)：“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。”②______________ in today's newspaper, we must improve our style of work.正如今天的報(bào)紙上所宣布的那樣，我們必須改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)。答案：①as the old saying goes　②As is announced(1)句中as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，意為“正如；正像”。as 常用于下列句式中：as  often happens; as I remember; as is often the case; as is known to us; as we all know等。(2)such/so ... as ... “像……這樣……”用來(lái)引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。(3)the same ... that ... 表同一人或物，而the same ... as ... 表同種類(lèi)的東西。 課文回練 升華運(yùn)用A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit. __1__ archaeologist is showing them round. The archaeologists have been excavating here for many years.After __2__ (find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects, they think it is __3__ (reason) to assume some of the earliest people lived in these caves, regardless __4__ the cold. They also discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves __5__ they made fires. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.Some evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes __6__ (make) from animal  skins. They even used sharpened stone tools __7__ (cut) up animals and remove their skin. The archaeologist also __8__ (show)  the students a primitive necklace preserved quite well. Indeed, as the botanical analyses have __9__ (special) shown us,  all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on __10__ (they) journeys.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________答案：1.An　2.finding　3.reasonable　4.of　5.where　6.made　7.to cut　8.shows　9.specially　10.their 基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．They ________ (interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.答案：were interrupted　表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，且主語(yǔ)they與interrupt之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填were interrupted。2．We have no alternative but ________ (sell) our house to pay the debt.答案：to sell　have no alternative but to do ... “除……之外別無(wú)選擇，只能做……”。3．It is generally ________ (assume) that stress is caused by too much work.答案：assumed　It is assumed that ... “普遍認(rèn)為……”。4．We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great ________ (significant) to both our society and ourselves.答案：significance　of great significance＝very significant “意義重大/非常重要”。5．Once ________ (arrest), he was likely to betray everyone to the police.答案：arrested　arrest與其邏輯主語(yǔ)he之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。6．If only I ________ (look) ahead a few days ago! Then I wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.答案：had looked　由語(yǔ)境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷if only后應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)a few days ago 可知表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，故應(yīng)填had looked。look ahead “向前看；為將來(lái)打算”。7．This is a historic building ________ (date) back to the 17th century.答案：dating　date back to＝date from表示“追溯到……”，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，所以應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式，故填現(xiàn)在分詞dating作后置定語(yǔ)。8．I am fed up ________ this weather; it's time we had some sunshine.答案：with　be fed up with “受夠了；厭煩……”。9．Sometimes we went ahead and did it, regardless ________ the consequences.答案：of　regardless of “不管；不顧”。10．While working out the problem, you should pay more attention to the ________ (accurate)．答案：accuracy　由空格前的冠詞the可知，此處填名詞形式。Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作1．________________ (眾所周知), Chinese characters play an important role in passing on Chinese language and culture.答案：As is known2．China ________________ (一定已經(jīng)做了) something supremely right to produce the economic miracle we observe. 答案：must have done3．As a volunteer, ______________ that the more we help others, the happier we are.作為志愿者，我清楚地知道我們?cè)蕉嗟貛椭鷦e人，我們?cè)叫腋?/span>。答案：I am well aware4．___________________________________________________________不論學(xué)歷或年齡如何，任何人都可以從事志愿者活動(dòng)。(regardless of)答案：Anyone can do voluntary work, regardless of their education or age.5．_________________________________________________________他們匆忙趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)，不料卻被告知航班推遲了。答案：They hurried to the airport only to be told that the flight was put off.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2020·湖北省孝感市第一中學(xué)高三月考)Eating soil can produce more effective results __1__ (compare) to eating slimming pills, claimed researchers from an Australian university. China Press __2__ (report) that researchers from the University of South Australia were looking for a way to improve the body's absorption towards medication to prevent mental illness.They __3__ (accident) found out that soil does not only attract fat, it could also stop fat from being absorbed into the body and round __4__ digestive system. Meanwhile, other researchers carried out an experiment by __5__ (separate) mice into two groups—one group __6__ (give) slimming pills and the other group with soil.After two weeks, the weight of the mice __7__ ate soil decreased obviously. This was the basis for claims that eating soil might make it __8__ (easy) for the body to excrete (排泄) fat than taking slimming pills.However, they __9__ (test) to see if eating soil is safe for the body __10__ if it could cause any side effects in the past few months.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹吃土的減肥效果可能比吃減肥藥的效果好，并介紹了得出該結(jié)論的過(guò)程。1．compared　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：澳大利亞的一個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)聲稱(chēng)，吃土可能比吃減肥藥的效果還好。分析句子可知，“compare”與“eating soil”屬于邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式compared。2．reported　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子可知，本句缺謂語(yǔ)，與其主語(yǔ)“China Press”為主謂關(guān)系，陳述過(guò)去的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)reported。3．accidentally　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞“find”用副詞，故用accidentally。4．the　考查冠詞。消化系統(tǒng)為特指，故用定冠詞the。5．separating　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。“by”為介詞后接動(dòng)詞－ing形式，故用separating。6．was/were given　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子可知，本句缺謂語(yǔ)，“give”與“group”為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，“group”既可以作單數(shù)，故用was given；也可以表示一組老鼠，故也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式were given。7．which/that　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子可知，“ate soil”作限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞“mice”，從句缺主語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞which或者that。8．easier　考查形容詞比較級(jí)。本句為結(jié)構(gòu)make it＋形容詞， 根據(jù)后文的“than”可知，本句為比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，故用比較級(jí)形式easier。9．have been testing　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。分析本句的“in the past few months”可知，研究人員過(guò)去幾個(gè)月都在做的事情，且“test”與其主語(yǔ)“they”為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have been testing。10．or　考查連詞。分析句子可知，前后句為選擇關(guān)系，故用連詞or。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)(2020·貴陽(yáng)市普通高中高三年級(jí)摸底考試)Dear Jack，I'm glad to learn that you are interesting in the students' reading in your school. We have a grand library on a collection of 200,000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in that we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is freely to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is holding for students exchange their ideas about reading.  Every autumn we had a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished writer are invited.In  the library,  books on history are my favorites,  from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and a progress both in China and abroad.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua答案：Dear Jack，I'm glad to learn that you are  in the students' reading in  school. We have a grand library  a collection of 200,000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in  we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is  to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is  for students exchange their ideas about reading.  Every autumn we  a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished  are invited.In  the library,  books on history are my favorites,  from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and  progress both in China and abroad.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua難項(xiàng)分析：第六處：holding→held　考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。A monthly activity “每月的活動(dòng)”是“被舉行”的，故要用動(dòng)詞hold的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故要用held。第八處：had→have　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。“Every autumn (每個(gè)夏天)”作本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)部分要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第十處：去掉a　考查冠詞。progress意為“進(jìn)步”，為不可數(shù)名詞，故其前不能用不定冠詞。 

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