Unit 4 Earthquakes

基礎(chǔ)自主檢測

閱讀識記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.earthquake n. 地震
2.event n. 事件；大事
3.canal n. 運河；溝渠
4.shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽體；避身處
5.reporter n. 記者
6.outline n. 要點；大綱；輪廓
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.well n. 井
2.pipe n. 管；導(dǎo)管
3.steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
4.track n. 軌道；足跡；痕跡
5.express vt. 表示；表達　n. 快車；速遞
6.headline n. 報刊的大字標題
高頻應(yīng)用
1.burst vi. 爆裂；爆發(fā)　n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)
2.ruin n. 廢墟；毀滅　vt. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn)
3.rescue n．& vt. 援救；營救
4.trap vt. 使陷入困境　n. 陷阱；困境
5.disaster n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍
6.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏
7.damage n．& vt. 損失；損害
8.sincerely adv. 真誠地；真摯地
拓展變形
1.nation (n.) 民族；國家；國民→national (adj.) 國家的；民族的
2.dirt (n.) 污垢；泥土→dirty (adj.) 臟的，骯臟的
3.suffering (n.) 苦難；痛苦→suffer (vt.& vi.) 遭受；忍受→sufferer (n.) 患者；受害者
4.extreme (adj.) 極度的→extremely (adv.) 極度地
5.injure (vt.) 損害；傷害→injury (n.) 傷害；損害→injured (adj.) 受傷的
6.survivor (n.) 幸存者；生還者；殘存物→survive (vt.& vi.) 幸存；存活下來→survival (n.) 生存；存活；幸存
7.destroy (vt.) 破壞；毀壞；消滅→destruction (n.) 破壞；摧毀
8.useless (adj.) 無用的；無效的；無益的→useful (adj.) 有用的
9.shock (vt.& vi.)(使)震驚；震動 (n.) 休克；打擊；震驚→shocking (adj.) 令人震驚的→shocked (adj.) 震驚的
10.electricity (n.) 電；電流；電學(xué)→electric (adj.) 用電的；帶電的→electrical (adj.) 與電有關(guān)的；電學(xué)的
11.mine (n.) 礦；礦山；礦井→miner (n.) 礦工
12.frighten (vt.) 使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened (adj.) 受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening (adj.) 令人恐懼的
13.congratulation (n.) 祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→congratulate (vt.) 祝賀
14.judge (n.) 裁判員；法官 (vt.) 斷定；判斷；判決→judgement (n.) 意見；判斷力；審判


1.“adj.＋-ity＝n.”薈萃
①electricity 電；電流；電學(xué)
②popularity 受歡迎；流行
③reality 現(xiàn)實
④similarity 相似點
⑤security 安全
⑥equality 平等
⑦majority 大多數(shù)
2.“-ing/-ed”結(jié)尾的形容詞聚會
①
②
③
④
⑤
3.“自然災(zāi)害”相關(guān)單詞一覽
①disaster n. 災(zāi)難；不幸
②earthquake n. 地震
③drought n. 旱災(zāi)；干旱
④eruption n. (火山)噴發(fā)
⑤hurricane n. 颶風(fēng)
⑥tsunami n. 海嘯


一 動詞＋介/副詞
1.think little/nothing of 以為……沒什么了不起
2.dig out 掘出；挖掉
二 be＋過去分詞＋介詞
3.be trapped in 陷入；被困住
三 介詞＋名詞
4.at an end 結(jié)束；終結(jié)
5.in ruins 嚴重受損；破敗不堪
四 其他
6.right away 立刻；馬上
7.as if 好像；仿佛
8.a (great) number of 許多；大量的
9.be proud of 以……而自豪

1.“think＋副詞＋of”短語薈萃
①think little of 認為……沒什么了不起
②think highly of 重視；看得起
③think well of 重視
④think poorly of 輕視
⑤think badly of 認為……不好
2.“be＋過去分詞＋介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)短語小結(jié)
①be trapped in 陷入困境；被困在
②be occupied with 忙于；從事于
③be absorbed in 專心于
④be engaged in 從事于；忙于
⑤be devoted to 獻身于
⑥be buried in 沉思；埋頭于


1.too ... to ... “太……而不能……”
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat (緊張得不想吃食)．(教材P26)
2.looking for ... 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide (找地方藏身)．(教材P26)
3.It seems/seemed as if ... “看起來好像……”
It seemed as if (看起來好像) the world was at an end！(教材P26)
4.leave＋賓語＋賓語補足語
Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents (成了孤兒)．(教材P26)
5.everywhere用作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
Everywhere they looked (人們無論朝哪看) nearly everything was destroyed.(教材P26)
6.all ... not表示部分否定
All hope was not (并不是所有的希望) lost.(教材P26)

單句語法填空
1.It was felt in Beijing, is more than two hundred kilometres away.
答案：which
2.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city (lie) in ruins.
答案：lay
3. number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
答案：The
4.The army organized teams to dig out those who 　　　　 (trap) and to bury the dead.
答案：were trapped
5.Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed.
答案：whose
6. (slow), the city began to breathe again.
答案：Slowly
7.This (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
答案：frightened
8. (congratulate)! We are pleased (tell) you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.
答案：Congratulations; to tell
9.Your speech was heard by a group of five (judge), all of agreed that it was the best one this year.
答案：judges; whom
10. you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty-five years ago.
答案：As

考點步步?jīng)_關(guān)

1 burst　vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆發(fā)
　 n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)
In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)
在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來。burst out突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)
burst out doing sth.＝burst into＋n. 突然……起來
burst into tears/laughter/cheers＝burst out crying/laughing/cheering 突然大哭/大笑/歡呼起來
burst in/into闖進；突然破門而入
burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲絕/樂不可支
a burst of 一陣……



即時練1
單句語法填空
①Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst .
②At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst joy.
答案：①in?、趙ith
單句寫作——句式升級
③聽到兒子在地震中喪生的壞消息，這對夫婦突然哭起來。
a．普通表達：
that their son died in the earthquake, . (時間狀語從句)
b．高級表達：
that their son died in the earthquake, . (分詞短語作狀語)
答案：a.When they heard the bad news; the couple burst into tears　b．Hearing the bad news; the couple burst out crying

2 injure　vt.損害；傷害
Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26)
他們中有三分之二在地震中傷亡。(1)injured adj. 受傷的
the injured 受傷的人(表示一類人，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù))
(2)injury n. 傷；傷口；傷害
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 傷害某人



即時練2
單句語法填空
①Because my left foot (injure) in the football game, I cannot go there with you as planned.
②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the (injure) to the hospital.
③Don't lift that toolbox—you'll do yourself an (injure)!
答案：①was injured　②injured?、踚njury
用injure/wound/hurt/harm的正確形式填空
④He claimed that working too hard was his health.
⑤Gunmen killed two people and six others in an attack today.
⑥What he said me deeply.
⑦One of the players his knee and had to be sent to the hospital.
答案：④harming　⑤wounded?、辢urt?、遡njured

3 shock　vt.& vi.(使)震驚；震動
　 　　 n．休克；打擊；震驚
Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked.(P26)
井里滿是沙子，而不是水。人們驚呆了。
(1)be in a state of shock 大為震驚；休克
a big/great shock 極大的震驚
be a shock to sb. 對某人來說是個打擊
come as a shock 讓某人大吃一驚
(2)shocked adj. 感到驚訝的
be shocked at/by sth. 對……感到震驚
(3)shocking adj. 令人震驚的
[名師點津]　shock意為“令人震驚的人或事”時為可數(shù)名詞，其前通常與不定冠詞a連用。即：抽象名詞具體化。

即時練3
單句寫作
①聽到他辭職的消息，我深感震驚。
I that he had resigned.
②現(xiàn)在，電擊訓(xùn)練和藥物治療正幫助挽救這些大鳥。
Now, training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
③我升職的消息著實讓人吃驚。
It came that I was promoted.
④他傷得不重，但驚魂未定/處于休克狀態(tài)。
He isn't seriously injured but he is .
⑤在那個令人震驚的消息傳遍全城之后，人人都深感震驚。
After the news spread throughout the whole city, everyone felt .
答案：①was shocked at the news?、趀lectric shock?、踑s a shock?、躨n a state of shock　⑤shocking; shocked


4 judge　n. 裁判員；法官
vt. 斷定；判斷；判決
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(P30)
評委會的五位評委聽了你的演講，他們一致認為你的演講是今年最好的。
(1)judge ... from/by ... 從……來判斷……
judge between right and wrong 判斷是非
as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認為
(2)judging by/from 根據(jù)……判斷
[名師點津]　judging from/by用在句首時，為一個獨立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語而不采用過去分詞的形式。

即時練4
單句語法填空
①Schools tend to (judge) by the performance of their students in exams.
② (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
答案：①be judged?、贘udging
單句寫作
③常言道，我們不能以貌取人。


答案：As the saying goes, “We should never judge a person by/from his looks.”


1
at an end 結(jié)束；終結(jié)
教材
原句
It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)
仿佛到了世界末日！
(1)at the end of 在……盡頭/末端(指時間或空間)
in the end 最后；終于
by the end of 到……末為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用)
come to an end 結(jié)束
be at an end 結(jié)束
put/bring an end to sth. 結(jié)束某事
make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入為出
(2)end up with 以……結(jié)束
end up doing sth.以做某事告終
(3)ending n. 結(jié)局；結(jié)尾
endless adj. 無止境的；連續(xù)的

即時練1
單句語法填空
①The meeting was nearly an end when I got to the meeting room.
②It's hard work but if you hang on you will succeed the end.
③ the end of this week, I will have finished most of the work.
④Many families struggled to make (end) meet in economic crisis.
⑤At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up (apologize)．
答案：①at?、趇n　③By?、躤nds　⑤apologizing

2
a (great) number of 許多；大量的
教材
原句
Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27)
那么多人喪生是因為地震發(fā)生時人們在睡覺。
(1) ＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
(2) ＋不可數(shù)名詞
(3) ＋
(4)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語動詞
[名師點津]　(1)a number of “許多的；大量的”，后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。number之前可加某些表示數(shù)量大小的形容詞。a number of加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
the number of “……的數(shù)量”，后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。the number of 加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
(2)a great many后修飾可數(shù)名詞時，通常不加of，但名詞前有定冠詞the或形容詞性物主代詞修飾時要加上of。
(3)large quantities of＋pl. n．/[U] n．作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；a large quantity of＋pl. n. /[U] n．作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)和名詞的數(shù)保持一致：復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；large amounts of＋[U] n．作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；a large amount of＋[U] n．作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

即時練2
單句語法填空
①Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help, (offer) since the organization was built.
②A great deal of money (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
③Large amounts of money (spend) on advertisements every year.
④As you can see, the number of cars on our roads (keep) rising these days.
⑤A large number of people (apply) for the job since then.
⑥Many a famous pop star (ruin) by drugs.
答案：①have been offered?、趙as donated?、踑re spent
④keeps　⑤have applied?、辢as been ruined


1
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (P26)
翻譯
農(nóng)家大院里的雞，甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。
too ... to ... “太……而不能……”，表示否定意義，而在下列情況中表示肯定意義：
(1)only/just/but too ... to ... “非?！プ觥?br /> too前的only/just/but不僅沒有否定意義，反而加重了too的肯定語氣。
(2)too后面的形容詞為表示心情或描繪性形容詞的時候，如：happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good等，表示肯定意義。
(3)too ... to ... 中的too前面有never/can't等時，此結(jié)構(gòu)為雙重否定表示肯定。
can't ... too ... /can't ... enough “越……越好；再……也不為過”。

即時練1
單句寫作
①正如那句老話：“活到老，學(xué)到老”。
Just as an old saying goes：“It is never .”
②他非常高興地接受了你的邀請。
He is only accept your invitation.
③在開車時，你越小心越好。
You while driving a car.
答案：①too old to learn?、趖oo delighted/happy to　③can't be too careful/can't be careful enough

2
It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)
翻譯
仿佛到了世界末日！
(1)本句中as if＝as though意為“仿佛；好像”，引導(dǎo)表語從句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系動詞之后。
(2)as if還可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
當說話人認為從句所陳述的是不真實的或不可能發(fā)生/存在的情況時，從句謂語常用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
與現(xiàn)在事實相反
從句謂語動詞用過去式(be動詞用were)
與過去事實相反
從句謂語動詞用had done
與將來事實相反
從句謂語動詞用would/could/might/should do

[名師點津]　如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句的主語相同，且含有be動詞的某種形式，可省略從句中的主語和be動詞，這樣as if后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語或分詞。

即時練2
單句語法填空
①When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it (be) broken.
②He behaved as if nothing (happen)．
③She walked here and there on the playground as if (look) for something.
答案：①were　②had happened?、踠ooking

3
All hope was not lost.(P26)
翻譯
不是所有的希望都破滅了。
(1)英語中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞或副詞與否定詞not連用時，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
(2)英語中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成全部否定。
[名師點津]　both的全部否定為neither; all的全部否定為none; either 與否定詞連用表全部否定。

即時練3
單句語法填空
①He had lost his courage and his health in the war and never found of them again.
②I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with .
答案：①either　②everything
把下列部分否定的句子改為全部否定
③Not everything she did pleased him.

④Both of them are not my brothers.

答案：③Nothing she did pleased him.?、躈either of them is my brother.


定語從句(Ⅰ)
在主從復(fù)合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why等)兩類。
關(guān)系詞通常有三個作用：(1)連接主從句；(2)指代先行詞；(3)在定語從句中充當一個句子成分。
關(guān)系代詞的基本用法

指代對象
指代人
指代物
使用情況
主語
who, that
which, that
從句中缺少主語或賓語
賓語
whom, that
which, that
定語
whose
whose
先行詞與從句主語有所屬關(guān)系

①A man who/that is perfectly pleased with the present state of things is a failure.
完全滿足于現(xiàn)狀的人是失敗者。
②The building which/that stands near the river is our school.
位于河邊的大樓是我們學(xué)校。
③That is the book that/which I want to read.
那是我想讀的那本書。
④Do you know the man whose name is Wang Bing?
你知道那個叫王冰的人嗎？
⑤The building whose windows face south was built last year.
窗戶朝南的那座建筑是去年建成的。
關(guān)系代詞只用that而不用which的情況
1．當先行詞為all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代詞或先行詞被all, every, no, any, little, much等修飾時。
⑥All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了。
2．當先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。
⑦This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.
這是我參觀過的最漂亮的公園。
3．當先行詞被the only, the very, the last修飾時。
⑧Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.
聊天是她唯一感興趣的事。
4．當先行詞既指人，又指物時。
⑨She took photographs of the people and things that she was interested in.
她把她感興趣的人和物都拍攝了下來。
5．當主語是以who或which開頭的疑問句時，為避免重復(fù)而用that。
⑩Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在門口的那個人是誰？
6．當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不是過去那個樣子了。

即時練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
答案：that
2．In China, the number of cities is increasing development is recognised across the world.
答案：whose
3．Do you have anything you want to say at the meeting?
答案：that
4．The books on the shelf, covers are beautiful, are bought by my father.
答案：whose
5．After then Mary, we had been talking about earlier, walked in.
答案：whom
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．My father and Mr Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.

答案：who→that
2．The room which window faces south is mine.

答案：which→whose
3．I have read all the books which I borrowed from the library.

答案：which→that

4．This is one of the most exciting football games which I have ever seen.

答案：which→that
5．The house is built on soft land is easy to fall down.

答案：house后加that/which或去掉第一個is
基礎(chǔ)達標演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, tired to move.
答案：too
2．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings (destroy)．
答案：were destroyed
3．If it hadn't been for your timely help, we (trap) in a dilemma now.
答案：would be trapped
4．On seeing the former champion of the Olympics appears on the stage, the audience burst out (cheer)．
答案：cheering
5．Two-fifths of the students in our class (be) fond of pop music.
答案：are
6．The factory, is reported in the local newspapers, will insist on reforming the present system which has slowed its development.
答案：as
7．I received his mother's phone call at ten. Only then did I know that he was badly (injure) in an accident the day before yesterday.
答案：injured
8．A large number of soldiers were sent there (rescue) those trapped in the building.
答案：to rescue
9．Thank you for your letter conveying (congratulate) on my appointment.
答案：congratulations
10．As a matter of fact, it was an (extreme) difficult and dangerous task.
答案：extremely
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．The lake is calm and clear, and one of the things that is reflected in the water is the famous tower.

答案：第二個is→are
2．To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash has been rushed to the nearby hospital.

答案：has→have
3．She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun.

答案：knows→knew
4．He has three daughters, all of who went abroad for further study.

答案：who→whom
5．As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language.

答案：is→are
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據(jù)提示完成句子
1．一天夜里，一切都開始搖晃起來。(shake)


答案：One night, everything began to shake.
2．水管爆裂，電力中斷。(burst; cut off)


答案：The pipes burst and the electricity was cut off.
3．世界似乎到了末日。(It seemed as if ...; be at an end)


答案：It seemed as if the world was at an end.
4．有些人受傷，有些人埋在廢墟下，還有些人失蹤。(injure; bury)


答案：Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing.
5．從那時的情況判斷，還有些被困群眾等待著救援。(judge from; trap; rescue)


答案：Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.
6．并不是沒有了希望。(all ... not ...)


答案：But all hope was not lost.
7．很快士兵被派遣到那里營救他們，用飛機、火車和卡車向市內(nèi)運來了食品和飲用水；全城又恢復(fù)了生機。(rescue; breathe again)


答案：Soldiers were sent to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.

B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes burst and the electricity cut off. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing. Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue. But all hope was not lost, because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.

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