Unit 3 Computers

基礎(chǔ)自主檢測


閱讀識(shí)記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.revolution n. 革命
2.virus n. 病毒
3.coach n. 教練
4.mop n. 拖把　vt. 用拖把拖；擦
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.tube n. 管；管子；電子管
2.web n. 網(wǎng)
3.rocket n. 火箭
4.niece n. 侄女；甥女
高頻應(yīng)用
1.sum n. 總數(shù)；算術(shù)題；金額　　　　　2.artificial adj. 人造的；假的
3.network n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)；網(wǎng)狀物 4.mobile adj. 可移動(dòng)的；機(jī)動(dòng)的
5.anyhow adv. 無論如何；即使如此 6.goal n. 目標(biāo)；目的；球門；(進(jìn)球)得分
7.download vt. 下載 8.signal vi.& vt. 發(fā)信號(hào)　n. 信號(hào)
拓展變形
1.calculate (vt.) 計(jì)算→calculation (n.) 計(jì)算
2.universal (adj.) 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的→universe (n.) 宇宙；天地萬物
3.simplify (vt.) 簡化→simple (adj.) 簡單的→simply (adv.) 僅僅；只；不過
4.operator (n.) (電腦)操作員；接線員→operate (v.) 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；工作→operation (n.) 手術(shù)；運(yùn)作
5.logical (adj.) 合邏輯的；合情理的→logically (adv.) 邏輯上；合邏輯地；有條理地
6.technology (n.) 工藝；科技；技術(shù)→technological (adj.) 科技的
7.intelligence (n.) 智力；聰明；智能→intelligent (adj.) 智能的；聰明的
8.solve (vt.) 解決；解答→solution (n.) 解決；解答
9.reality (n.) 真實(shí)；事實(shí)；現(xiàn)實(shí)→real (adj.) 真正的；真實(shí)的→really (adv.) 真正地；確實(shí)地
10.personal (adj.) 私人的；個(gè)人的；親自的→personally (adv.) 就個(gè)人而言；親自→personality (n.) 個(gè)性；人格；名人
11.total (adj.) 總的；整個(gè)的 (n.) 總數(shù)；合計(jì) (vt.) 共計(jì)；總計(jì)→totally (adv.) 完全地；整個(gè)地
12.application (n.) 應(yīng)用；用途；申請(qǐng)→apply (v.) 應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)→applicant (n.) 申請(qǐng)人；求職者→applied (adj.) 應(yīng)用的；實(shí)用的
13.finance (n.) 金融；財(cái)經(jīng)→financial (adj.) 金融的；財(cái)政的
14.explore (vt. & vi.) 探索；探測；探究→explorer (n.) 探險(xiǎn)家；勘探者→exploration (n.) 探索
15.happiness (n.) 幸福；快樂→happy (adj.) 高興的；快樂的
16.type (n.) 類型 (vt. & vi.) 打字→typist (n.) 打字員
17.arise (vi.) 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生→arose (過去式)→arisen (過去分詞)
18.electronic (adj.) 電子的→electricity (n.) 電；電學(xué)
19.appearance (n.) 外觀；外貌；出現(xiàn)→appear (vi.) 出現(xiàn)
20.character (n.) 性格；特點(diǎn)→characteristic (adj.) 典型的；獨(dú)特的；特有的 (n.) 特征；特色


1.以后綴-ify結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞薈萃
①simplify 簡化
②beautify 美化
③purify 凈化
④identify 鑒定；識(shí)別出
⑤classify 分類
⑥horrify 使恐懼
⑦modify 修改；修飾
⑧electrify 使電氣化
2.后綴-ology高頻名詞一覽
①technology 科技
②biology 生物學(xué)
③ecology 生態(tài)學(xué)
④geology 地質(zhì)學(xué)
⑤psychology 心理學(xué)
⑥physiology 生理學(xué)
3.ABC式過去式、過去分詞變化
①arise→arose→arisen
②drive→drove→driven
③ride→rode→ridden
④rise→rose→risen
⑤write→wrote→written
4.“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”家族
①download vt. 下載
②upload vt. 上傳
③click vt. 點(diǎn)擊
④connect vt. 連接
⑤surf vi.& vt. 瀏覽
⑥network n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)
⑦database n. 數(shù)據(jù)庫；資料庫


一 動(dòng)詞＋介/副詞
1.deal with 處理；安排；對(duì)付
2.watch over 看守；監(jiān)視；照管
3.make up 彌補(bǔ)；編造；打扮；構(gòu)成
二 介詞＋名詞
4.as a result 結(jié)果
5.in a way 在某種程度上
6.with the help of 在……的幫助下
三 其他
7.have sth. in common 有共同之處
8.from ... on 從……時(shí)起
9.after all 畢竟；終究

make相關(guān)短語面面觀
①make up 彌補(bǔ)；構(gòu)成；編造；化妝
②make believe 假裝
③make for 走向，前往，向……前進(jìn)；有利于
④make out 填寫；開支票；理解；辨認(rèn)
⑤make towards 向……前進(jìn)
⑥make it 就這么定了，成功，達(dá)到某一特定目標(biāo)
⑦make sense 講得通；有意義
⑧make clear 澄清；弄清楚；說明


1.before “……之后才……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句
I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before (差不多過了兩百年才) I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.(教材P18)
2.as “隨著”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句
As time went by (隨著時(shí)間的推移), I was made smaller.(教材P18)
3.so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句
Over time my memory has developed so much that (如此快以至于), like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told！(教材P18)
4.It is＋adj.＋to do sth.“做某事是……的”
I think it's impossible to live (無法生活) without computers！(教材P19)
5.by the time ... “到……為止”
By the time I was sixteen (在我滿十六歲時(shí))，my dream had come true.(教材P20)
6.what引導(dǎo)表語從句
After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I'm all about (我的一切)！(教材P23)


單句語法填空
1.From then on, I grew (rapid) both in size and in brainpower.
答案：rapidly
2.By the 1940s I (grow) as large as a room, and I wondered I would grow any larger.
答案：had grown; if
3.And my memory became large that even I couldn't believe it！
答案：so
4.But I was always so lonely (stand) there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family (connect) by a network.
答案：standing; connected
5.Since the 1970s, many new applications (find) for me.
答案：have been found
6.I have also been put into robots and used (make) mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.
答案：to make
7.Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans a life of high quality.
答案：with
8.We are determined (create) an even better system.
答案：to create
9.She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while (watch) human games.
答案：watching
10.Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation (arise).
答案：arises

考點(diǎn)步步?jīng)_關(guān)

1 solve　vt.解決；解答
In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.(P18)
在1936年，我真正的父親艾倫·圖靈寫了一本書，講述了怎樣使我成為一臺(tái)“通用機(jī)器”來解決任何數(shù)學(xué)難題。
(1)solve a problem 解決一個(gè)問題
(2)solution n. 解決辦法；處理手段
a/the solution to sth. ……的解決方法

即時(shí)練1
單句語法填空
①With most of the problems (solve), I felt a great weight taken off my mind.
②It may take a long time to find a (solve) to the problem.
答案：①solved　②solution
單句寫作
③為了解決這個(gè)問題，我和我的朋友一心要給學(xué)校提些建議。
， I, together with my friends, am bent on giving some suggestions to our school.
答案：In order to solve the problem

2 totally　adv. 完全地；整個(gè)地
As a result I totally changed my shape.(P18)
因此，我已經(jīng)完全改變了形狀。

total adj.總的；整個(gè)的　n．總數(shù)；合計(jì)　v．總計(jì)；共計(jì)
a total of 總共……
in total (＝in all) 總計(jì)；總共

即時(shí)練2
單句語法填空
①You got 47 points on the written examination and 18 on the oral, making a total 65.
② total, 25% of India's working-age population has no education.
③They came from (total) different cultures.
答案：①of?、贗n　③totally

3 arise　vi.出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；(由……)引起；起身；起床
Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.(P23)
然后她把我在新情況下能用得上的可靠動(dòng)作準(zhǔn)備好。
(1)arise表示“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生”之意時(shí)，其主語多為problem, argument, quarrel, danger, movement, question等抽象名詞，多指不好的事情發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)。
(2)arise from/out of由……而引起；由……而產(chǎn)生



[一言辨異]　One of the problems arising from the present economic situation is that the price is rising sharply, of course, partly because some illegal businessmen raise it on purpose, which has aroused some objections.
當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)產(chǎn)生的問題之一是價(jià)格迅速上漲，當(dāng)然，部分原因是一些不法商販故意提高價(jià)格；這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)引起了一些反對(duì)之聲。

即時(shí)練3
寫出下列句中arise的含義
①Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.
②Mistakes often arise from carelessness.
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.
④Seeing their teacher come into the classroom, all the students arose from the chairs.
答案：①出現(xiàn)；產(chǎn)生?、谟伞稹、燮鸫病、芷鹕?br /> 單句語法填空
⑤A new difficulty has (arise)．
⑥Problems arise the lack of communication.
答案：⑤arisen?、辠rom/out of


1
as a result 結(jié)果；因此
教材
原句
As a result I totally changed my shape.(P18)
因此，我已經(jīng)完全改變了形狀。
as a result表示“結(jié)果；因此”，引出結(jié)果，在句中充當(dāng)狀語
as a result of表示“作為……的結(jié)果；由于”，引出原因，是介詞短語
result from由……造成；因……而產(chǎn)生
result in導(dǎo)致



即時(shí)練1
一句多譯
普遍認(rèn)為他是因?yàn)檫^度勞累而得了疾病。
①It's generally believed that his illness the overwork.
②It's generally believed that the overwork his illness.
③It's generally believed that he suffered from illness the overwork.
答案：①resulted from?、趓esulted in?、踑s a result of
2
in a way 在某種程度上
教材
原句
In a way our programmer is like our coach.(P23)
在某種程度上，我們的程序員就像我們的教練。
all the way一路上；自始至終；完全
by the way 順便問一下
by way of 經(jīng)由；通過……方法
in this way 用這種方式；通過這種方式
in no way 決不
in the way 擋道；礙事
No way! [俚]別想！沒門！
[名師點(diǎn)津]　(1)表達(dá)“在某種程度上”時(shí)，還可用in a sense, to a/some degree及to an/some extent三個(gè)短語。
(2)in no way置于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。

即時(shí)練2
用way相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空
① ， he has made great progress this term.
②Her social life got of her studies.
③He decided that he would drive home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
④ ， I found that book you were looking for.
⑤All the goods were transported the Netherlands.
⑥Only can we grow up to be independent and become truly successful.
⑦ should you lose heart when you are faced with difficulties.
答案：①In a way?、趇n the way　③all the way　④By the way?、輇y way of　⑥in this way?、逫n no way

3
deal with 處理；安排；對(duì)付；涉及；討論；與……交易
教材
原句
This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.(P24)
這就意味著，我的機(jī)器人要打掃房間、擦地板、做飯和接聽電話。
do with sth.處理某事
deal in sth.做……生意；經(jīng)營；買賣；對(duì)某事感興趣
make a deal 達(dá)成協(xié)議；做成交易
It's a deal! 成交/一言為定！
[名師點(diǎn)津]　(1)deal with意為“處理；對(duì)待；對(duì)付；涉及；與……交易”等眾多含義，其中的deal為不及物動(dòng)詞，常與疑問副詞how連用。
(2)在do with短語中，do為及物動(dòng)詞，表示“處理、對(duì)待”，要與疑問代詞what連用。

即時(shí)練3
寫出下列句中deal with的含義
①There are too many difficulties for us to deal with.
②He has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations.
③It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.
④They have learnt to deal with various persons.
答案：①處理?、趹?yīng)付?、凵婕啊、芘c……打交道
單句語法填空
⑤I've dealt this company for 20 years.
⑥If you'll knock down the price by another 5 dollars, it's deal.
答案：⑤with?、轪
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
⑦I don't know how they will deal with the problem.
→I don't know they will do with the problem.
答案：what


1
As time went by, I was made smaller.(P18)
翻譯
隨著時(shí)間的推移，我被弄得越來越小。
(1)as是連詞，在該句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。
(2)with是介詞，后接名詞或代詞等構(gòu)成with短語或with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，如：with time going by “隨著時(shí)間的流逝”。

即時(shí)練1
單句語法填空
①As we grow (old), we get wiser.
②With winter (come) on, it is getting colder and colder day by day.
答案：①older?、赾oming
一句多譯
隨著時(shí)間的推移，我逐漸適應(yīng)了學(xué)校生活。
③ ， I gradually adapted myself to the school life. (as)
④ ， I gradually adapted myself to the school life. (with)
答案：③As time went by?、躓ith time going by

2
And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！(P18)
翻譯
我的存儲(chǔ)容量變得如此巨大，連我自己都不能相信！
so/such ... that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。
(1)so ... that ... 句型的常見形式：

(2)such ... that ... 句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

(3)當(dāng)so ... /such ... 放在句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。

即時(shí)練2
單句語法填空
①At that time I loved basketball much that I played all day long.
②Dalian is an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
③It is lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.
答案：①so?、趕uch?、踫uch
單句寫作——句式升級(jí)
④我們做得那么好以至于被邀請(qǐng)與全校同學(xué)分享觀點(diǎn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
a．普通表達(dá)：
We did we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.
b．高級(jí)表達(dá)：
we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(倒裝句)
答案：a.so well that　b．So well did we do that


現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定式
主語＋have/has been done ...
否定式
主語＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑問式
Have/Has＋主語＋been done ... ？
特殊疑問式
特殊疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋been done ... ？

用法
1．表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果，且這個(gè)動(dòng)作與句子的主語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work.
杰克時(shí)常因?yàn)楸M職于工作而受到老板的表揚(yáng)。
2．表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。常與“for＋時(shí)間段”或“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”等時(shí)間狀語連用，此時(shí)，該被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
②They have built many houses in the village in the past few years.
→Many houses have been built in the village in the past few years.
過去幾年，他們?cè)谶@個(gè)村莊建造了許多的房子。

即時(shí)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Shakespeare's play Hamlet (make) into at least ten different films over the past years.
答案：has been made
2．Up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of Britain, (remove) due to mobile phones.
答案：have been removed
3．Paper money (use) for over a thousand years.
答案：has been used
4．Recently, many cities in the world (build) along the river.
答案：have been built
5．They (not tell) the news that our team won the game, have they?
答案：haven't been told
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．A personal computer has bought by my parents.

答案：has后加been
2．High quality of oil have been used for cooking in the restaurant in the past few years.

答案：have→has
3．These patients have been taken good care since they moved to the hospital.

答案：care后加of
4．Much has been said but little has done about the issue.

答案：done前加been
5．Many high-rise flats have built in my hometown in recent years.

答案：built 前加been

基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．If you are not (total) satisfied, return it at our expense.
答案：totally
2．I saw a person (signal) for help by the shore.
答案：signaling
3．With many problems (arise), he didn't know what to do next.
答案：arising
4． (person) speaking, I am satisfied with all the work you have done.
答案：Personally
5．Money does not always bring (happy), but without it people often can't live well.
答案：happiness
6．This question is too difficult for the children. I think we'd better find a way to (simple) it.
答案：simplify
7．After graduating from the college, he made an (apply) to the school for a job as a teacher.
答案：application
8．Although more advanced equipment can provide you more choices, it cannot take the place of practice and experience.
答案：with
9．The students are looking forward to having an opportunity (explore) society for real-life experience.
答案：to explore
10．With global warming becoming more and more serious, it won't be long some coastal cities disappear.
答案：before
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．It won't be long before we will know the result of the experiment.

答案：去掉will
2．Your main task today is help your mother wash the curtains.

答案：is后加to
3．In the way, I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.

答案：the→a
4．The environment of Hong Kong is very outstanding that it is chosen as one of the world's most livable cities.

答案：very→so
5．Can you give me some advice on what to deal with this difficulty?

答案：what→how或deal→do
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據(jù)提示完成句子
1．近來，高智商的機(jī)器人出現(xiàn)了。(intelligent; arise)


答案：Highly intelligent robots have arisen recently.
2．有些可以打字、發(fā)信號(hào)。(type; signal)


答案：Some can type and signal.
3．有些能處理一些重要事情。(deal with)


答案：Some can deal with some important things.
4．在某種程度上，電腦改變了我們的生活。(in a way)


答案：In a way, computers have changed our life.
5．許多學(xué)生對(duì)電腦如此著迷以至于在電腦上花費(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間。(so ... that ...)


答案：Many students become so crazy about computers that they spend too much time on them.
6．結(jié)果，一些學(xué)生在考試中失敗。(as a result)


答案：As a result, some of the students fail in the exam.
7．即使如此，電腦在我們的日常生活中起很重要的作用。(anyhow)


答案：Anyhow, computers play an important part in our daily life.
B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：Highly intelligent robots have arisen recently, some of which can type, signal, and even deal with some important things. In a way, computers have changed our life. However, many students become so crazy about computers that they spend too much time on them. As a result, some of the students fail in the exam. Anyhow, computers play an important part in our daily life.

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