2021高三統(tǒng)考人教英語一輪（經(jīng)典版）學(xué)案：第一部分Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

基礎(chǔ)自主檢測

閱讀
識記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.stainless adj. 無銹的；不銹的；沒有污點(diǎn)的
2.cube n. 立方體；立方
3.valid adj. 有效的；確鑿的
4.dynamic adj. 充滿活力的；精力充沛的；動態(tài)的；發(fā)展變化的
5.competence n. 能力；勝任；本領(lǐng)
6.personnel n. 人力資源；人事部；全體人員
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.patent n. 專利證書；專利權(quán)
2.ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的
3.rainfall n. 降雨
4.jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果醬
5.version n. 版本；譯本
高頻
應(yīng)用
1.tap vt. 輕打；輕拍；輕敲　n. 輕輕地敲擊(聲)；水龍頭
2.seize vt. 抓??；捉住；奪　　　　
3.stable adj. 穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的
4.product n. 產(chǎn)品
5.file n. 文件；檔案；文件夾　vt. 提交；將……歸檔
6.bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)
7.dial vt. 撥(電話)
8.abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的
9.merry adj. 愉快的；高興的
拓展
變形
1.distinguish (vi. & vt.) 顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別→distinguished (adj.) 杰出的；著名的→distinguishment (n.) 區(qū)別
2.merciful (adj.) 寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless (adj.) 殘忍的；無情的→mercy (n.) 寬大；仁慈
3.convenient (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience (n.) 便利；方便→inconvenient (反義詞) (adj.) 不方便的；引起麻煩的
4.caution (n.) 小心；謹(jǐn)慎→cautious (adj.) 小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的→cautiously (adv.) 小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地
5.expectation (n.) 預(yù)料；期待；期望→expect (v.) 預(yù)料；期待；期望；認(rèn)為→unexpected (adj.) 未預(yù)料到的
6.passive (adj.) 被動的；消極的；被動語態(tài)的→active (反義詞) (adj.) 積極的
7.criterion (n.) (評判的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；尺度→criteria (pl.) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
8.freezing (adj.) 冰凍的；嚴(yán)寒的→frozen (adj.) 冷凍的；結(jié)冰的→freeze (vi.) 冰凍；結(jié)冰 (vt.) 使……凍住，使……結(jié)冰
9.innocent (adj.) 清白的；無罪的；天真的→innocence (n.) 天真；清白
10.recognition (n.) 認(rèn)出；認(rèn)可；承認(rèn)→recognize (vt.) 認(rèn)出，識別；承認(rèn)
11.occasionally (adv.) 偶然地；不時地→occasional (adj.) 偶然的；臨時的；特殊場合的→occasion (n.) 時機(jī)，機(jī)會；場合
12.current (n.) (水或氣)流；電流 (adj.) 現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的→currently (adv.) 現(xiàn)時；當(dāng)前→currency (n.) 流行；通用；通貨；貨幣
13.associate (vt.) 聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系 (n.) 同伴；伙伴→association (n.) 協(xié)會；社團(tuán)；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想
14.practical (adj.) 實(shí)際的；實(shí)踐的；實(shí)用的→impractical (反義詞)(adj.) 不切實(shí)際的；不現(xiàn)實(shí)的→practise (v.) 練習(xí)→practice (n.) 練習(xí)；實(shí)踐

1.三個特殊的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
①標(biāo)準(zhǔn) criterion (單數(shù))，criteria (復(fù)數(shù))
②媒體 medium (單數(shù))，media (復(fù)數(shù))
③細(xì)菌 bacterium (單數(shù)), bacteria (復(fù)數(shù))
2.含“rain”的合成詞
①rainfall n. 降雨量
②raindrop n. 雨滴
③rainwater n. 雨水
④rainbow n. 彩虹
⑤rainstorm n. 暴風(fēng)雨
⑥r(nóng)ainforest n. 雨林
⑦raincoat n. 雨衣
3.后綴-ive形容詞
①passive 被動的
②active 主動的
③positive 積極的
④negative 消極的
⑤subjective 主觀的
⑥expensive 昂貴的

一動詞＋介/副詞
1.call up 給……打電話
2.set about 開始；著手
3.dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
4.set out (to do) 開始(做)
5.set about (doing) 開始(做)
6.hang on 不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住
7.get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過；度過
8.ring back 回復(fù)電話
9.ring off 掛斷電話
二其他
10.now and then 偶爾；有時
11.out_of order 違反規(guī)程的；發(fā)生故障

1.“v.＋into”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語薈萃
①dive into 一心投入　　?、赽urst into 突然闖入
③run into 撞上 ④look into 調(diào)查
⑤knock into 撞上 ⑥break into 破門而入
⑦look into 調(diào)查
2.接打電話的常用動詞短語
①call/ring/phone sb. (up) 給……打電話
make a phone/telephone call to sb. 給……打電話
②pick up the telephone 接電話
③hold on 等一等，別掛電話
④answer the phone 接電話
call/ring back 回電話
return one's call 回電話
⑤ring off 掛斷電話
hang up 掛斷(電話)
hang on 不掛斷；稍等
get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)
________________________________________________

1.there seems to be ... “好像有……”
The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there_only_seemed_to_be (看來只有) powders designed to kill snakes.(教材P20)
2.“only＋狀語從句”引起的倒裝
Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition (只有在已得到這種認(rèn)可之后) can you say that you are truly an inventor.(教材P21)
3.否定詞nor置于句首時主句要部分倒裝
Nor_will_you_receive_a_patent_until (你才能獲得專利，直到) a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.(教材P21)
4.It's a matter of ... “這是……的問題”
Now it's_a_matter_of (只是) waiting and hoping.(教材P21)
5.every time “每次……”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
Every_time (每次) you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.(教材P25)
6.祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句
Follow_it_up (跟隨它), explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(教材P25)

單句語法填空
1.Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself ________ inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
答案：by
2.I set about ________ (research) the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.
答案：researching
3.But once ________ (pick) up, they tried to bite me.
答案：picked
4.As they were ________ (poison) snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again.
答案：poisonous
5.This was in the expectation ________ the snakes would bite again.
答案：that
6.________ (press) by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition ...
答案：Pressed
7.The criteria are so strict ________ it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
答案：that
8.There are a large number of patent examiners, too, ________ only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.
答案：whose
9.It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit ________ led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.
答案：that
10.Bell was fully aware ________ the importance of his invention.
答案：of
考點(diǎn)步步?jīng)_關(guān)

1 distinguish　vt.& vi.顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別
Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. (P20)
這回我有機(jī)會來表現(xiàn)一下自己了。我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不會傷害它們。(1)distinguish ... from ... 把……與……區(qū)分開來
distinguish between A and B 區(qū)分A與B
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句語法填空
①There is something about music that distinguishes it ________ all other art forms.
②The Town Hall completed in the 1800s was the most ________ (distinguish) building at that time.
③The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have ________ (distinguish) right from wrong.
答案：①from?、赿istinguished　③distinguishing
2 expectation　n．預(yù)料；期待；期望
This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. (P21)
這是因?yàn)槲翌A(yù)料蛇還會再咬人。
(1)beyond expectation 超出預(yù)期
live up to one's expectations 不辜負(fù)某人的期望
come up to/meet one's expectations 達(dá)到某人的期望
(2)expect vt.& vi. 期望；預(yù)料；預(yù)計(jì)
expect sth./to do sth./that ... 期望某事/期望做某事/期望……
be expected to do ... 被期望/有望做……
expect sb. to do ... 期望某人做……
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句語法填空
①The beauties of the West Lake in spring were ________ his expectation.
②Many students graduate from college in the expectation ________ they can soon find jobs in accordance with their wishes.
③I'm determined to go all out to live up to my parents' ________ (expect)．
④Our defeat ________ (expect) but it was disappointing nevertheless.
答案：①beyond?、趖hat　③expectations?、躻as expected
一句多譯
人們懷著憧憬購置房產(chǎn)，期待其價格將繼續(xù)強(qiáng)勁上漲。
⑤People buy a house ________________ its price will continue to rise strongly. (expectation)
⑥People buy a house ________________ its price will continue to rise strongly.(expect)
答案：⑤in the expectation that　⑥expecting that
3 bear　vt.忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)；帶有；顯示(標(biāo)記或特征)；生(孩子)
I can't bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. (P24)
我無法忍受燒烤架上香腸的焦糊味。
(1)can't bear to do sth./doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
(2)bear in mind that ... ＝bear/keep ... in mind 記住……
(3)bear a heavy burden 肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān)
bear the responsibility/blame 承擔(dān)/負(fù)有責(zé)任
[名師點(diǎn)津]　bear表示“容忍；忍耐”時多與can/could連用，且多用于否定句和疑問句中。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練3
單句寫作
①水能載舟，亦能覆舟。
The water that ____________ the boat is the same that swallows it up.
②我無法忍受年輕人虛擲光陰。
I can't ____________ young people ______________ their youth.
③記?。撼晒碜杂谂?。
____________ that success comes from hard work.
④肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān)，她必須努力工作撫養(yǎng)孩子。
______________________， she has to work hard to bring up her children.
答案：①bears?、赽ear; casting away?、跙ear in mind
④Bearing a heavy burden
4 associate　vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系　n. 同事；伙伴
Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life. (P26)
雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。
(1)associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把某人/某事和某人/某事聯(lián)系在一起；由某人/某事聯(lián)想到某人/某事
be associated with ... 和……有關(guān)
associate with sb. 與某人交往或打交道
(2)association n. 聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會；團(tuán)體
in association with ... 與……合伙/合作；與……相聯(lián)系
(3)associated adj. 關(guān)聯(lián)的；聯(lián)合的
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練4
單句語法填空
①I always associate the smell of those flowers ________ my childhood.
②We are working in ________ (associate) with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
③Through science we've got the idea of ________ (associate) progress with the future.
④Many words ________ (associate) with life in the West are Spanish in origin.
答案：①with　②association?、踑ssociating　④associated
一句多譯
我們必須把這兩方面考慮進(jìn)去，它們都關(guān)系到學(xué)生們的安全。
⑤We must take two aspects into consideration, __________________ the safety of the students. (定語從句)
⑥We must take two aspects into consideration, ________________ the safety of the students. (獨(dú)立主格)
答案：⑤both of which are associated with?、辀oth of them associated with

1
call up 給……打電話；使……回憶起
教材
原句
When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.(P20)
我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時候，她感到很心煩。
(1)call at 拜訪(某個地點(diǎn))
call in 打電話來；召來，叫來(服務(wù))
call off 取消；停止
call on/upon 短暫探訪(某人)；號召；呼吁
call for 呼吁；要求；需要；去接(某人)
call out 大聲呼叫；召集
(2)ring/call back 回復(fù)電話
ring off/hang up 掛斷電話
give sb. a ring/call 給某人打電話
(3)hang/hold on不掛斷電話
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
用call相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空
①They decided to ________________ a doctor because the child was not any better.
②This is a problem that ______________ an immediate solution.
③The boy on watch started ________________ when he saw somebody approaching.
④He had to ________________ the meeting because of the bad weather.
⑤This picture ________________ my memories of the amusing experience.
⑥We ______________ our new neighbour's house last week.
答案：①call in?、赾alls for　③calling out?、躢all off ?、輈alls/called up?、辌alled at
2
get through 接通電話；(設(shè)法)做完；用完；通過；完成
教材
原句
I can't get through.(P26)
我打不通電話。
(1)get across 傳達(dá)；解釋清楚
get along with sb.與某人相處融洽
get away with sth.攜某物潛逃；不因某事受懲罰
get down to sth./doing sth. 開始做某事；認(rèn)真處理某事
get over克服(困難)；從……中恢復(fù)過來
(2)go through經(jīng)歷；檢查
look through 瀏覽；仔細(xì)查看
live through經(jīng)歷(艱難或險境)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
寫出下列句中g(shù)et through的含義
①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.________
②I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day.________
③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.________
④Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.________
⑤The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.________
答案：①(設(shè)法)完成?、诖蛲娫挕、鄱蛇^?、芡ㄟ^?、萦猛?br /> 用get相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空
⑥We all hope that he can ________________ the freezing winter and get better.
⑦He has never really ________________ the loss of his wife.
⑧It's time you ____________________ some practice or the other students will leave you behind.
⑨He's not very good at _________ his ideas _________.
答案：⑥get through　⑦get over?、鄃et down to?、醙etting; across

Follow_it_up,_explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. (P25)
翻譯
跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤踞著你的大腦。
本句為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”句型。
這個祈使句相當(dāng)于一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，and之后的句子相當(dāng)于主句，所以用一般將來時。在該句型中，祈使句有時也可用名詞短語表示?！捌硎咕洌愂鼍洹钡钠渌问綖椋?br /> (1)“祈使句＋破折號＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)“名詞短語＋and＋陳述句”(名詞短語中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等詞)結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3)“祈使句＋or＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，or表示“否則；要不然的話”，or可用or else或otherwise替換，從反面來預(yù)測結(jié)果。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　此句型容易和分詞作狀語混淆，試比較：
(1)Follow the road round to the right and you'll find his house.(祈使句)
(2)Following the road round to the right, she found his house.(分詞作狀語)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練
單句語法填空
①Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
②Please call me up before you come, ________ we might be out.
③________ (check) my composition again, I found some spelling mistakes.
答案：①and?、趏therwise/or else/or?、跜hecking
一句多譯
幫我一個忙，我會感激你的。
④__________________， and I will be grateful to you.(祈使句)
⑤__________________， I will be grateful to you. (if條件句)
答案：④Do me a favour?、軮f you do me a favour

過去分詞作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語
過去分詞作定語
1．及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，表示與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成被動或完成的關(guān)系。這時，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。
①The meeting, which was attended by a lot of people, was a success. (用分詞改寫)
→The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.
許多人參加的這個會議很成功。
2．有些不及物動詞的過去分詞(只限于單個分詞，且不能后置)也可作定語，此時只表示完成的動作，而不表示“被動”的意義。
②We drank some boiled water and went on with our work.
我們喝了一些開水繼續(xù)我們的工作。
過去分詞作表語
　過去分詞作表語，表示主語的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。
③When hearing of it, we were deeply moved.
當(dāng)聽到這件事的時候，我們深深地感動了。
過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
　過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，與前面的賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的承受者。
1．過去分詞可作表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動詞有“see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, find, think, consider”等。
④Tom found himself involved in an awkward situation.
湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入一個令人尷尬的境地。
2．過去分詞可作使役動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動詞有“make, have, get, keep, leave”等。
⑤We will keep you informed of whatever happens.
我們將讓你知道發(fā)生的任何事情。
3．過去分詞可作表示希望、要求、命令等動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動詞有“want, like, wish, expect”等。
⑥He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.
他不喜歡那樣的問題在會議上被討論。
4．過去分詞用在“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
⑦The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
這個賊被帶進(jìn)來，手綁在背后。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．John Snow, a personal physician of Queen Victoria, was willing to help ordinary people ________ (expose) to cholera, the deadly disease of its day.
答案：exposed
2．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.
答案：developed
3．Well, his father seems ________ (please) with his result.
答案：pleased
4．Most of the people ________ (invite) to the conference were my old friends.
答案：invited
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．You'd better have the room tidying. It is in a mess.
________________________________________________
答案：tidying→tidied
2．Some guests were invited to the party were late because of the traffic jam.
________________________________________________
答案：去掉第一個were或其前加who
3．In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words using in daily conversations.
________________________________________________
答案：using→used
4．The man seemed quite disappointing.
________________________________________________
答案：disappointing→disappointed
基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．He called me ________ to tell me about it.
答案：up
2．Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
答案：and
3．Colour-blind people often find it difficult to distinguish ________ blue and green.
答案：between
4．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________ (recognize)．
答案：recognition
5．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set ________ preparing your business plan.
答案：about
6．If you have to catch the first bus every day, choose this hotel. ________ is very convenient for the station—it's only a two-minute walk.
答案：It
7．He couldn't bear ________ (bother) by the loud noise from the stores and the lights on the street, so he moved on.
答案：being bothered/to be bothered
8．Having made the plan, she set out ________ (do) the experiment.
答案：to do
9．Sorry, there is nobody here with that name. You must ________ (dial) the wrong number.
答案：have dialled
10．Those always ________ (associate) money with happiness may never feel happy, for they are never content.
答案：associating
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．When we saw the road blocking with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
________________________________________________
答案：blocking→blocked
2．Forgetting the past, leave the sadness behind, and you'll see the door of a new bright world open before you.
________________________________________________
答案：Forgetting→Forget
3．It is so cold and frozen that we have to stay at home.
________________________________________________
答案：frozen→freezing
4．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss.
________________________________________________
答案：去掉order前的the
5．It was not until she got home when Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
________________________________________________
答案：when→that
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據(jù)提示完成句子
1．David是一個謹(jǐn)慎而成功的商人，他的一項(xiàng)新產(chǎn)品獲得了專利。(cautious; patent)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product.
2．令他高興的是這款產(chǎn)品很暢銷，但是后來他發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品沒有達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(criteria)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didn't live up to the criteria.
3．他沒有氣餒，而是抓住一切機(jī)會改善產(chǎn)品。(improve)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：He didn't lose heart but seized every chance to improve the product.
4．他希望自己的產(chǎn)品能最終經(jīng)受得住市場的考驗(yàn)。(expect)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market.
5．最終，在自己的努力下，他獲得了巨大的成功，自己的收入穩(wěn)定增長。(stable)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.
B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didn't live up to the criteria. However, he didn't lose heart but seized every chance to improve it. He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.