Book 8
Unit 1 A land of diversity

基礎(chǔ)自主檢測(cè)

閱讀
識(shí)記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.strait n. 海峽
2.immigration n. 移民；移居入境
3.crossing n. 橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道
4.cattle n. 牛(總稱)
5.shave vt.& vi. 刮；剃
6.mourn vt.& vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛
7.insert vt. 插入；嵌入
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.percentage n. 百分比；百分率
2.boom n. (人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮
vi. 處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期
3.brake n. 閘；剎車；制動(dòng)器　vi.& vt. 剎(車)；用制動(dòng)器減速
4.justice n. 正義；公平
5.civil adj. 公民的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；民間的
6.authority n. 權(quán)威；權(quán)力　pl. 當(dāng)局；官方
高頻
應(yīng)用
1.hardship n. 苦難；困苦　　　　
2.vice n．& adj. 代理；副職
3.luggage n. 行李
4.fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
5.nowhere adv. 無(wú)處；到處都無(wú)
6.grasp vt.& n. 抓?。蛔ゾo；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì)
7.thankful adj. 感激的；感謝的
拓展
變形
1.distinct (adj.) 清晰的；明顯的；明確的→distinction (n.) 差別；區(qū)分；卓著→distinctive (adj.) 獨(dú)特的；特別的
2.means (n.) 方法；手段→meaning (n.) 意思→mean (v.) 打算；意味→meaningful (adj.) 有意義的
3.majority (n.) 大多數(shù)；大半→major (adj.) 主要的 (vi.) 主修→minority (反義詞) (n.) 少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族→minor (adj.) 較小的；次要的
4.elect (vt.) 選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→election (n.) 選舉
5.racial (adj.) 人種的；種族的→race (n.) 種族；比賽→racism (n.) 種族主義；種族歧視
6.applicant (n.) 申請(qǐng)人→apply (vi.) 申請(qǐng)→application (n.) 申請(qǐng)書；申請(qǐng)
7.customs (n.) 海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅→custom (n.) 風(fēng)俗；習(xí)慣 →customer (n.) 顧客；主顧
8.socialist (n.) 社會(huì)主義者；社會(huì)黨人 (adj.) 社會(huì)主義者的→social (adj.) 社會(huì)的→socialism (n.) 社會(huì)主義→society (n.) 社會(huì)
9.occur (vi.) 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)→occurrence (n.) 事件；發(fā)生的事→occurred (過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞)
10.indicate (vt.) 指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示→indication (n.) 象征；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示→indicator (n.) 指示器；指示牌
11.apparent (adj.) 顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→apparently (adv.) 顯然地；顯而易見地
12.conductor (n.) (公車)售票員；列車員；(樂(lè)隊(duì))指揮→conduct (vt.) 組織，安排
13.slip (vi.) 滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑動(dòng)；滑倒→slipper (n.) 拖鞋→slippery (adj.) 滑的；狡猾的
14.hire (vt. & n．) 租用；雇用→fire (反義詞) (vt.) 解雇
15.punishment (n.) 懲罰；處罰→punish (vt.) 懲罰


1.單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞
①custom (風(fēng)俗)→customs (海關(guān))
②manner (方式)→manners (禮貌)
③paper (紙)→papers (文件)
④art (藝術(shù))→arts (文科)
⑤arm (手臂)→arms (武器)
⑥brain (腦袋)→brains (智力)
⑦work (工作)→works (作品)
2.帶后綴-ing的名詞
①crossing 十字路口
②training 訓(xùn)練
③feeling 感覺(jué)
④wedding 婚禮
⑤marketing 銷售
⑥spending 花銷
⑦engineering 工程
⑧well-being 幸福
3.后綴“-or”表示“人”的高頻名詞
①conductor 售票員；列車員
②administrator 管理者；行政人員
③director 導(dǎo)演；主管
④educator 教育工作者
⑤editor 編輯
⑥inventor 發(fā)明家；發(fā)明者
⑦operator 操作員；接線員
⑧translator 翻譯家；譯者

一 動(dòng)詞＋介/副詞
1．live on 繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存
2．keep up 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)
3．team up with 與……合作或一起工作
4．mark out 用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出……界線
5．take in 包括；吸收
6．a(chǎn)pply for 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到
二 動(dòng)詞/介詞＋賓語(yǔ)
7．by means of ... 用……辦法；借助……
8．make a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等
三 其他
9．back to back 背靠背
10．a(chǎn) great/good many 許多；很多

1．“v.＋out”結(jié)構(gòu)短語(yǔ)小結(jié)
①mark out 標(biāo)出……界線?、趖urn out 結(jié)果是
③make out 理解；辨認(rèn)出 ④work out 鍛煉
⑤cut out 刪去 ⑥come out 出版；開花
2．“v.＋in”結(jié)構(gòu)短語(yǔ)小結(jié)
①turn in 上交 ②give in 屈服；投降
③break in 強(qiáng)行闖入 ④take in 吸收；欺騙
⑤succeed in 在……上取得成功
⑥engage in 從事；參加
3．“名詞＋to＋名詞”短語(yǔ)小結(jié)
①back to back 背靠背
②heart to heart 心連心地
③face to face 面對(duì)面地
④mouth to mouth 口對(duì)口地
⑤knee to knee 促膝地
⑥shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地
__________________________________________________________________

1．名詞性從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as (我們現(xiàn)在稱之為) California, no one really knows.(教材P2)
2．it is likely that ... “很可能……”
However, it_is_likely_that (很可能) Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)
3．why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，表示“……的原因”
That_is_why (那就是為什么) today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(教材P2)
4．過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)
People from different parts of the world, attracted_by (被吸引) the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.(教材P3)
5．借助于it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句
It_is_believed_that (人們認(rèn)為) before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(教材P3)

單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, ________ (attract) people from all over the world.
答案：having attracted
2．The customs and languages of the immigrants live ________ in their new home.
答案：on
3．Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means ________ a land bridge.
答案：of
4．In addition, many died from the diseases ________ (bring) by the Europeans.
答案：brought
5．In the 18th century California ________ (rule) by Spain.
答案：was ruled
6．The dream of ________ (become) rich quickly attracted people ________ all over the world.
答案：becoming; from
7．In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps ________ their Danish culture.
答案：up
8．________ the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.
答案：By
9．It's a 79 km round-trip that takes ________ all the famous tourist spots.
答案：in
10．From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station ________ many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.
答案：where
考點(diǎn)步步?jīng)_關(guān)

1 majority　n．大多數(shù)；大半
Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (P2)
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原住居民傳授天主教。
(1)the majority of ... ＝most of ... 大多數(shù)
be a/the majority in 構(gòu)成大多數(shù)/占多數(shù)
(2)major adj. 主要的 vi. 專修；主攻
major in 主修……
(3)minority n. 少數(shù)；少數(shù)派；少數(shù)民族
[名師點(diǎn)津]　(1)the majority單獨(dú)用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(2)“the majority of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練1
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①What she has just said doesn't correspond with the views of the ________ (major)．
②An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________ (be) against it.
③I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored ________ information management.
答案：①majority　②are?、踚n
2 occur　vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)
It didn't occur to me that ... (P5)
我沒(méi)有想到……
(1)occur＋prep./adv. 發(fā)生；存在
(2)sth. occurs to sb.＝sth. strikes sb.＝sth. comes to sb. 某人想起某事
(3)It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事
(4)It occurs to sb. that ...＝It strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人想起某事
(5)occurrence n. 發(fā)生；事件；出現(xiàn)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練2
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Frequent ________ (occur) of natural disasters in recent years have caused great losses in the Asian-Pacific region.
②It occurred to him ________ he hadn't eaten anything since the night before.
答案：①occurrence　②that
一句多譯
我突然想到，自上封信以來(lái)，已經(jīng)有太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)收到華萊士的信了。
③____________________________ it had been too long since I heard from Wallace. (strike)
④____________________________ it had been too long since I heard from Wallace. (occur)
答案：③It (suddenly) struck me that　④It occurred to me that
3 indicate　vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示
Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.(P7)
試著用以上表達(dá)來(lái)表明你在認(rèn)真傾聽你搭檔的話。

(1)indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出/暗示某物
indicate that ... 示意；表明……
(2)indication n. 指示；象征；預(yù)示
There is no indication that ... 無(wú)跡象表明……
There are some indications that ... 有跡象表明……
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練3
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①With a nod of his head, he indicated ________ me where I should sit.
②He gave no ________ (indicate) that he was ready to compromise.
③The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting, ________ (indicate) a kind of advancement.
④The bell ________ (indicate) the end of the period rang, interrupting our heated discussion.
答案：①to?、趇ndication　③indicating?、躨ndicating

1
by means of 通過(guò)；用；借助于
教材
原句
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.(P2)
科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這些遷居者通過(guò)一條史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲。
by this means 用這種方法
by no means＝in no way＝in no case＝on no account＝at no time 決不；一點(diǎn)也不(放在句首時(shí)，句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序)
by all means (用于交際英語(yǔ)表示同意)當(dāng)然可以；沒(méi)問(wèn)題
[名師點(diǎn)津]　means用作“方式；方法”講時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/many means作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若every/each/one/a means作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練1
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Every possible means ________ (try), and we find only by this means is it possible to persuade him.
②All possible means ________ (try), but we still can't work out the problem.
③I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ________ (be) the teacher satisfied with my progress.
答案：①has been tried?、趆ave been tried?、踚s
用means相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空
④She could not speak, but made her wishes known __________________ signs.
⑤This is ________________ the first time you have been late.
⑥The local army men helped the victims of the earthquake ________________ at their command.
答案：④by means of?、輇y no means　⑥by every means
2
make a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等
教材
原句
Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.(P2)
有些人死了或回家了，但是盡管條件十分艱苦，多數(shù)人仍然留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生。
(1)come to life 變得更有趣(或使人興奮)；變得活躍
live/lead a ... life 過(guò)著……的生活
come back to life 蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)；恢復(fù)生氣
bring ... back to life 使……蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)
(2)make/earn a/one's living 謀生
(3)make it 成功；到達(dá)某地


　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練2
用life相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空
①They settled down in Canada and ________________ for themselves.
②To our great joy, he __________________ soon.
③On that night, it was believed that the spirits of the dead would try to ________________________.
答案：①made a life?、赾ame to life　③come back to life
3
team up with (＝cooperate with) 相稱；合伙，合作，協(xié)作
教材
原句
Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.(P8)
同飯店里的一對(duì)夫妻(彼得和泰莉)作伴，一起租了一輛小汽車。
keep up with 跟上
catch up with 趕上
put up with 忍受；容忍
end up with 以……結(jié)束
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練3
用team up with/keep up with/put up with/end up with的適當(dāng)形式填空
①She always stays up late to study in order to ____________________ the others.
②It's too delightful of you to be so nice to him, and __________________ all his tiresome stories.
③The party __________________ a song that everyone was familiar with.
④I need to __________________ your firm in a business project. Could you put me through to your boss?
答案：①keep up with?、趐ut up with?、踖nded up with
④team up with

4
take in 包括；領(lǐng)會(huì)；理解；欺騙；收留；收養(yǎng)；吸收
教材
原句
It's a 79 km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(P8)
這是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。
take apart 拆開；把……打得一敗涂地；抨擊(論點(diǎn)等)
take back 收回；帶回；使回想起
take care of 照料；保管
take down 拿下；取下；拆卸；記下
take it easy 別緊張；慢慢來(lái)
take over 接收；接管
take off 脫下(衣服等)；起飛
take on 承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)
take one's place 代替某人的位置
take one's time 不急；慢慢來(lái)
take up 開始從事；占用(時(shí)間或空間)；著手處理；拿起；繼續(xù)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練4
寫出下列句中take in 的含義
①The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.________
②Brett's always taking in stray animals.________
③Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.________
④I found it easy to take in what the professor had said.________
⑤It is said that black takes in more heat than white. ________
答案：①包括　②收養(yǎng)?、燮垓_?、芾斫狻、菸铡?br /> 用take相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空
⑥I'm sorry I was rude; I ________________ everything I said.
⑦We find it difficult to __________________ what he teaches.
⑧I'll ____________________ the story where I finished yesterday.
⑨When the picture was __________________， the wall looked very bare.
⑩Would you like me to __________________ the driving for a while?
?Bill Gates is really a great man, whose career ________________ in his early thirties.
答案：⑥take back　⑦take in?、鄑ake up　⑨t(yī)aken down?、鈚ake over　?took off

5
a great many 很多；許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞)
教材
原句
Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.(P8)
參觀了這里的一些有趣的寺廟，不少的集貿(mào)市場(chǎng)和許多餐館。
(1)
(2)＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
(3)a mass of＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與of后的名詞的數(shù)保持一致)
(4)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練5
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Our institute has ordered a great many __________ (instrument) from the company.
②A good many new books __________ (publish) by the Foreign Language Press last month.
③Large quantities of oil __________ (discover) in a place near my hometown recently.
答案：①instruments?、趙ere published?、踙ave been discovered

1
However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)
翻譯
然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亞了。
It is likely that ... “很可能……”。本句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。句中l(wèi)ikely為形容詞，意為“可能的”。其近義詞有possible, probable。


　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練1
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The more stress you are under, the ________ (likely) you are to catch a cold.
②They are likely ________ (fire) by the company just because of their fault.
答案：①more likely?、趖o be fired
一句多譯
當(dāng)你在山里旅行時(shí)，你很可能會(huì)遇到大型野生動(dòng)物。
③You ________________________ large wild animals while travelling in the mountain.
④__________________________ large wild animals while travelling in the mountain.
答案：③are very likely to come across　④It's very likely that you will come across
2
By_the_time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.(P2)
翻譯
到1850年加利福尼亞被選為美國(guó)第31個(gè)州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有多種文化的社會(huì)了。
by the time 意為“到……的時(shí)候”，是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中起連接作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。其用法如下：
(1)如從句謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；
(2)如從句謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)；
(3)如主句動(dòng)作不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成，只是說(shuō)明某個(gè)時(shí)候的狀況，此時(shí)主句不用完成時(shí)，而應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)，此時(shí)by the time 相當(dāng)于when。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練2
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①By the time they arrived, the famous astronaut ________ (leave) the hall.
②By the time she gets home, her mother ________ (leave) for London to attend a meeting.
③When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ________ (hang) up, her voice had been full of life.
答案：①had left　②will have left?、踙ung

名詞性從句
(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句)
概念
在句子中起名詞作用的從句稱為名詞性從句，又根據(jù)其在復(fù)合句中具體充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑煞譃橹髡Z(yǔ)從句(Subject Clause)、賓語(yǔ)從句(Object Clause)、表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause)和同位語(yǔ)從句(Appositive Clause)。
名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞分為三類：
1．連詞：that (在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，無(wú)語(yǔ)義); whether, if(在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，語(yǔ)義為“是否”)
①It's good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
知道我們不在的時(shí)候狗會(huì)被精心照看真好。
2．連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ))
②“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.
“每次吃甜點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，喝綠茶”。這是我媽媽過(guò)去常常告訴我的。
3．連接副詞：when, where, how, why (在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ))
③Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
土豆是什么時(shí)候被引進(jìn)到歐洲的還不確定，但可能是1565年左右。
主語(yǔ)從句
主語(yǔ)從句一般位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，但有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。
④It is strange that the children are so quiet.
真奇怪，孩子們?nèi)绱税察o。
賓語(yǔ)從句
1．形式賓語(yǔ)it
動(dòng)詞find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。
⑤Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
蘇姍明確向我表示，她希望自己過(guò)上新生活。
2．介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句
連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只用在except, but, in等后；其他的介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo)，則需用it先行一步作形式賓語(yǔ)。
⑥You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.
你可以相信湯姆會(huì)幫助你學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
3．某些形容詞或過(guò)去分詞后常接賓語(yǔ)從句，這類形容詞或過(guò)去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，連詞that 可省略。
⑦They are afraid (that) I will feel lonely.
他們擔(dān)心我會(huì)感覺(jué)孤獨(dú)。
4．賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(could, would除外)時(shí)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，如：一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等；但當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
⑧We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.
我們?cè)绯可习?，發(fā)現(xiàn)有人夜間闖入了辦公室。
⑨Our teacher told us that January is the first month of the year.
我們的老師告訴我們一月是一年的第一個(gè)月。
表語(yǔ)從句
1．引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，從屬連詞if一般不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但是有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋從句。
⑩—What a mess! You're always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, mum. I am what you have made me.
——太亂了！你總是這么懶！
——媽媽，不該責(zé)備我。是你造成我這個(gè)樣子的。
2．when, where, why, how, because引導(dǎo)的從句作This is 或That is的表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示具體的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等。
?That is why I don't finish the task in time.
那是我沒(méi)有及時(shí)完成任務(wù)的原因。
3．當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that而不是because引導(dǎo)。
?The reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.
他遲到的原因是今天早晨他錯(cuò)過(guò)了火車。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時(shí)練
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．The new book is about ________ Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent into space.
答案：how
2．Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
答案：whatever
3．She's no longer ________ she used to be.
答案：what
4．I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.
答案：that
5．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”
答案：where
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
________________________________________________
答案：It→What
2．The best moment for the football star was how he scored the winning goal.
________________________________________________
答案：how→when
3．The customs office is that your luggage is inspected when you enter or leave a country.
________________________________________________
答案：that→where
基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．By the time he got to the station, the train ________ (leave)．
答案：had left
2．As the wages were low, there were few ________ (apply) for the job.
答案：applicants
3．In my opinion, it is not so helpful to give someone some bread as it is important to teach him how to make ________ life.
答案：a
4．By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world's population ________ (live) in cities rather than in the country.
答案：will be living
5．She had looked everywhere for her children, but they were nowhere ________ (find), which made her very worried.
答案：to be found
6．Oil prices fell this week to their lowest level in fourteen months, ________ (apparent) because of over-production.
答案：apparently
7．They have pledged to end ________ (race) discrimination in areas such as employment.
答案：racial
8．After the explosion, every means ________ (use) to prevent the river from being polluted.
答案：has been used
9．In some rural places of China, some people still prefer keeping ________ their traditional lifestyle.
答案：up
10．________ is believed that the wilder the animal or plant is, the better the effects are.
答案：It
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．It didn't occur him that his wife was having an affair.
________________________________________________
答案：occur后加to
2．Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The majority of people was against it.
________________________________________________
答案：was→were
3．That makes me think of Lagos, which may be the third large city on the planet by the end of the decade.
________________________________________________
答案：large→largest
4．We're dealing with probably the biggest missing link in that we know about human evolution.
________________________________________________
答案：that→what
5．A great many of people gain a great deal of information from the Internet.
________________________________________________
答案：去掉many后的of
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據(jù)提示完成句子
1．眾所周知，自從1978年改革以來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了移民大潮。(immigration)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：As we all know, China has experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.
2．據(jù)報(bào)道成千上萬(wàn)的農(nóng)民從農(nóng)村涌向城市。(It is reported that ...)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：It is reported that thousands of farmers from the countryside crowded into the cities.
3．盡管辛苦，他們中的多數(shù)人都能適應(yīng)城市生活。(make a life)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite the great hardship.
4．有些農(nóng)民甚至申請(qǐng)了城市居住權(quán)，以享受和當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯拥臋?quán)利。(apply for)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights as the local people.
5．并且他們通過(guò)努力工作為城市的繁榮做出了貢獻(xiàn)，自己也過(guò)上了幸福的生活。(by means of; boom)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：In addition, they have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life.
B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：As we all know, China has experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978. It is reported that thousands of farmers from the countryside crowded into the cities. The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite the great hardship. Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights as the local people. In addition, they have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life.

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