
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 題型綜述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略2
\l "_Tc148898653" 題型01 利用語義復現(xiàn)解題3
\l "_Tc148898654" 題型02 利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關聯(lián)解題4
\l "_Tc148898655" 題型03 利用邏輯關系解題6
\l "_Tc148898656" 題型04 利用語境暗示分析法解題8
\l "_Tc148898656" 題型05 利用固定搭配及詞組辨析解題 PAGEREF _Tc148898656 \h 9
\l "_Tc148898656" 題型06 利用生活常識解題10
\l "_Tc148898652" 高考練場11
\l "_Tc148898657" 變式演練22
題型介紹
上海高考英語完形填空不僅考查學生對詞匯、語法等基礎知識的綜合運用能力,而且考查學生的邏輯推理和篇章結構理解能力。歷年完形填空選材科學,結構清晰,主題明顯,但文章閱讀難易度指數(Readability)一般較大,區(qū)分度高,是歷年高考得分率較低的題型之一。備選項以實詞為主,涉及名、動、形、副四類詞,有時亦會考察邏輯銜接詞或短語,突出詞匯等選項在語境及篇章結構環(huán)境下的最優(yōu)匹配。命題主要思路:語義優(yōu)先于語法原則;上下文語境分析原則。
命題類型
詞匯選擇題:主要考查名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等實詞在具體語境中的運用。
邏輯關系題:考查考生對文章邏輯關系的理解,需要根據上下文的邏輯關系進行選擇。
語境理解題:要求考生在理解上下文的基礎上,選擇最合適的詞匯。
解題思路
抓住首句,明確說明對象:首句通常不設空,提供了文章的主題或說明對象,幫助考生快速把握文章的大意。
理清段落關系:通讀全文,明確作者是針對哪一個說明對象從不同的角度和側面進行說明的,概括每一段的側重點,理清各段之間的關系。
弄清說明順序,把握文章脈絡:作者在說明過程中會選擇合理的說明順序(如時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序等),把握這些順序有助于理解文章的整體結構。
關注語境和邏輯:在選擇答案時,要結合上下文的語境和邏輯關系,確保所選詞匯使文章意思通順、邏輯合理。
先易后難,逐步推進:先解決那些容易判斷的空格,再逐步處理較難的題目,避免在難題上耗費過多時間。
技巧一:利用語義復現(xiàn)解題
【題型詮釋】
復現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段,它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念,使整篇文章上下連貫,有機地銜接在一起因此,考生可根據文章的具體情況,理解文章的結構和語境利用文章中的語義復現(xiàn)來選擇正確的答案。它包括:1.原詞復現(xiàn);2.同義復現(xiàn);3.反義復現(xiàn);4.代詞復現(xiàn)等。
該類題是完形填空中比較簡單的,要仔細閱讀,但是這些詞可能隱藏的比較深;上文可能暗示下文答案,下文可能暗示上文答案,甚至上下文信息相隔較遠,因此要注意集中尋找這些暗示信息。
(2025·上海黃埔一模)
T raise yur reward sensitivity, begin by planning ne activity per day that will make yu happy r give yu a sense f ____22____. It can be as small as treating yurself t a favrite snack r reading a few pages f a nvel. This will make yu less likely t ____23____ psitive experiences. After yu’ve enjyed that ____24____ mment,
24. A. criticalB. dailyC. rareD. spare
【答案】 24. B
【24題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:在你享受了那個日常的快樂時刻后,閉上眼睛,大聲地回顧你在哪里、什么時候體驗到了最大的快樂。A. critical關鍵的;B. daily日常的;C. rare罕見的;D. spare空閑的。根據上文“T raise yur reward sensitivity, begin by planning ne activity per day that will make yu happy r give yu a sense f ______ .”可知,作者建議我們每天一項活動,所以這是日常的快樂時刻。故選B。
(2025·上海閔行一模)
The methd was cstly and had the unintended 27 f altering the rhins' behavir, making the cllected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was wrking alngside lcal 28 . Animal tracking is ne f the ldest human skills, and these experts have years f experience in identifying individual animals by their ftprints. They culd effectively create a true picture f individual rhins' activities withut the use f any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Cnsequently, the team were interested t knw whether the trackers' knwledge culd be effectively 29 a cmputerized technique fr mnitring animal mvement.
28. A. prgrammers B. phtgraphers C. trackers D. fficials
答案: 28. C
28. C:從后文 “Animal tracking is ne f the ldest human skills, and these experts have years f experience in identifying individual animals by their ftprints.” 可知,這里指的是當地追蹤者,“trackers”(追蹤者)符合語境,“prgrammers”(程序員)、“phtgraphers”(攝影師)、“fficials”(官員)均不符合能通過腳印識別動物的語境,所以選 C。
Within each species, each individual has its wn unique ft 30 . If an animal is sighted and identified just nce, and the characteristics f its ftprints are prperly phtgraphed and measured, its ftprint can be 31 whenever it is sighted again.
30. A. features B. sizes C. clrs D. shapes
答案: 30. A
30. A:每個動物個體都有自己獨特的腳印特征,“features”(特征)符合語境,“sizes”(尺寸)、“clrs”(顏色)、“shapes”(形狀)都過于片面,“features” 可涵蓋這些方面,且下文有同義詞characteristics 復現(xiàn),所以選 A。
技巧二:利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關聯(lián)解題
【題型詮釋】
在完形填空中,我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中,仔細找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯,它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索,可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。
解答該類問題時,要善于把握與作者的寫作態(tài)度、感悟色彩相關的詞匯,特別是某些形容詞、副詞。這類題型主觀性較強,心理描寫較多。屬于較難的題目。
解該類題時,注意一要緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章或段落主旨的關鍵詞,二要計言簡練。
(2025·上海徐匯一模)
Have yu ____24____ talked t yur neighbr abut this issue? Is it a reasnable time t be playing music? Is yur neighbr trying t ____25____ yu, r are they just enjying their evening?
Relying n practical wisdm in Aristtle’s case-by-case apprach makes a lt f sense fr handling ____26____ cnflicts. But what abut when there’s n ne t ____27____ fr yur anger? Imagine a trnad cmpletely destrys yur huse while yur neighbr’s hme is ____28____.
24. A. remtelyB. reluctantlyC. previuslyD. ultimately
25. A. upsetB. cnquerC. imitateD. mtivate
26. A. cmmercialB. dmesticC. culturalD. interpersnal
27. A. cnsultB. blameC. rejectD. hide
28. A. discveredB. lckedC. untuchedD. explded
【答案】 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C
【解析】
【24題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:你之前和你的鄰居談過這個問題嗎?A. remtely遙遠地;B. reluctantly不情愿地;C. previusly以前;D. ultimately最終。根據前文“But hw much anger shuld yu feel? And what actins, if any, shuld yu take?T answer these questins, Aristtle wuld need t knw mre details.”可知,此處是在討論具體的細節(jié),即憤怒背后有沒有其他具體原因,所以是問之前是否和鄰居談過這個問題,故選C項。
【25題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:你的鄰居是想惹你生氣,還是只是想享受他們的夜晚?A. upset使煩惱;B. cnquer征服;C. imitate模仿;D. mtivate激勵。根據后文“r are they just enjying their evening?”可知,此處是假設鄰居放音樂的行為讓你睡不著,所以是問鄰居是想惹你生氣嗎,還是單純的只是想享受他們的夜晚而忽略了你的感受,故選A項。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:在處理人際沖突時,依賴亞里士多德的具體案例中的實用智慧是非常有道理的。A. cmmercial商業(yè)的;B. dmestic家庭的;C. cultural文化的;D. interpersnal人際的。根據前文“l(fā)et’s say yu’ re ging t sleep early because yu have an imprtant meeting tmrrw and yur neighbr just started playing lud music.”可知,此處是討論鄰居之間的沖突,所以是人際沖突,故選D項。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:但是,但是當你的憤怒沒有人可以責怪時,又該怎么辦呢?A. cnsult咨詢;B. blame責怪;C. reject拒絕;D. hide隱藏。根據后文“Imagine a trnad cmpletely destrys yur huse while yur neighbr’s hme is _______.”可知,此處的例子是假設你的憤怒沒有人可以責怪的,即鄰居的房子完好無損,而你的房子被龍卷風摧毀了,故選B項。
【28題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:想象一下,一場龍卷風完全摧毀了你的房子,而你的鄰居的房子卻毫發(fā)無損。A. discvered發(fā)現(xiàn);B. lcked鎖??;C. untuched未受影響的;D. explded爆炸。根據前文“Imagine a trnad cmpletely destrys yur husewhile yur neighbr’s hme is ”可知,此處是一種對比,你的房子被龍卷風完全摧毀,而鄰居的房子沒有受到龍卷風的影響,故選C項。
(2025·上海靜安一模)
My greatest fear when grwing up in a French cuntryside was that my English mther wuld speak t me in public in her native tngue ludly. I wuld feel ____21____ when she used English n the way back frm schl. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, lk strange.
21. A. regretfulB. ashamedC. uniqueD. refreshed
【答案】21. B
【21題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:當她在放學回家的路上說英語時,我會感到羞恥。A. regretful后悔的;B. ashamed羞愧的;C. unique獨特的;D. refreshed恢復精神的。根據前文“My greatest fear when grwing up in a French cuntryside was that my English mther wuld speak t me in public in her native tngue ludly.(我在法國農村長大,最大的恐懼是我的英國母親會在公共場合大聲用她的母語對我說話)”可知,作者的母親會在公共場合大聲說英語,作者作為法國人,在公共場合聽到母親說英語會感到羞愧,故選B。
技巧三:利用邏輯關系解題
【題型詮釋】
在句組層次題中,利用邏輯關系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。從邏輯關系的高度整體上把握,就會不無驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關系才是征服完形填空的最佳途徑。所謂邏輯關系并不縹緲,它就隱藏在句子中、句與句之間以及段落的銜接中。通過邏輯關系的方法,我們可以通過確切、具體的線索,把答案的邏輯意義推測出來,從而在答案中尋找表現(xiàn)了相同邏輯意義的選項。這樣做,使得題目的難度大大降低。
這種邏輯關系包括:(1) 句中邏輯關系;(2)句間邏輯關系:往往通過轉折、讓步、遞進、因果等明確的邏輯關系詞來體現(xiàn)。當然,句子的邏輯關系也不一定體現(xiàn)在一句話的內部,它還可以滲透到篇章的層面上,在句與句之間表現(xiàn)出來。(3) 段間邏輯關系:這種邏輯關系主要體現(xiàn)在段落之間的銜接上。
(2025·上海徐匯一模)
Anger is a cmplicated emtin. But is it ever mrally right t be angry? And if s, when? One f the mst fundatinal understandings f ____21____ cmes frm the Greek philspher Aristtle. In his mdel, there’s a sweet spt fr ur actins and emtinal reactins, and it’s up t yu t develp practical wisdm abut when yu shuld feel what and hw strngly t feel it.
____22____, let’s say yu’ re ging t sleep early because yu have an imprtant meeting tmrrw and yur neighbr just started playing lud music. If yu can’t sleep, yu might ruin yur meeting, s feeling angry is definitely ____23____. But hw much anger shuld yu feel? And what actins, if any, shuld yu take?
21. A. mtinB. passinC. urgeD. anger
22. A. In cnclusinB. HweverC. What’s mreD. Fr example
23. A. exceptinalB. understandableC. uselessD. tragic
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了憤怒這一情感的道德正當性及其在不同情境下的合理表達。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:對憤怒最基礎的理解之一來自于希臘哲學家亞里士多德。A. mtin運動;B. passin激情;C. urge沖動;D. anger憤怒。根據本文的標題“When is anger justified?”可知,本文討論的是“憤怒”,故選D項。
【22題詳解】
考查短語辨析。句意:例如,假設你因為明天有重要的會議所以要早睡,而你的鄰居卻開始大聲放音樂。A. In cnclusin總之;B. Hwever然而;C. What’s mre而且;D. Fr example例如。根據后文“l(fā)et’s say yu’ re ging t sleep early because yu have an imprtant meeting tmrrw and yur neighbr just started playing lud music.”可知,此處是舉例說明憤怒何時是合理的,故選D項。
【23題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:如果你睡不著,你可能會毀了你的會議,所以感到憤怒是可以理解的。A. exceptinal例外的;B. understandable可以理解的;C. useless無用的;D. tragic悲慘的。根據前文“If yu can’t sleep, yu might ruin yur meeting,”可知,因為睡不著而可能毀了會議,所以感到憤怒是可以理解的,故選B項。
(2025·上海楊浦一模)
If s, maybe it wuld be great fr peple t take ut their aggressin and frustratin n human-and animal-like rbts that mimic pain. ___31___, they aren’t harming a living being. On the ther hand, it culd be bad if it makes peple insensitive t vilence in ther cntexts. Wuld a child wh grws up kicking a rbt dg find it ___32___ t kick a real dg? Unfrtunately, desensitizatin (脫敏) remains a difficult thing t study.
31. A. In additinB. After allC. In a wayD. On the cntrary
32. A. harderB. funnierC. easierD. wrse
【答案】31. B 32. C
【解析】
【31題詳解】
考查介詞短語辨析。句意:畢竟,他們并沒有傷害任何生物。A. In additin另外;B. After all畢竟;C. In a way在某種程度上;D. On the cntrary相反。根據上文“it wuld be great fr peple t take ut their aggressin and frustratin n human-and animal-like rbts that mimic pain”和下文“they aren’t harming a living being”可知,此處表示畢竟他們并沒有傷害任何生物。故選B。
【32題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:一個踢機器狗長大的孩子會覺得踢真狗更容易嗎?A. harder更難的;B. funnier更有趣的;C. easier更容易的;D. wrse更糟的。根據下文“Unfrtunately, desensitizatin (脫敏) remains a
技巧四:利用語境暗示分析法解題
【題型詮釋】
在句組層次題中,有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文的語境暗示來解題,即根據已知信息,推導出正確答案。完形填空題中雖然也穿插了對語法、短語和詞的辨析、句子結構的考查等,但對文章故事情節(jié)發(fā)展線索的邏輯考查仍是重點。
暗示與上下對應的思維方法,是突破此類完形填空最關鍵的思維方式??忌谧鲱}時要有全局觀念,進行連貫性思維,做題時要把每個空白處的含義與前后句的意思聯(lián)系起來理解,進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。難選之處前后通常多有暗示,這種暗示多為后面暗示前面。
(2025·上海浦東新區(qū)一模)
A new exhibitin in Lndn als examined the dminance f cute qualities in culture, bringing tgether art, games and tys. Cuteness “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, the rganizer. “It has made its way int almst every element f ur lives.”
24.A. taken ver B. brken inC. dated backD. fallen apart
答案: 24.A
21.A:根據上文 “A new exhibitin in Lndn als examined the dminance f cute qualities in culture”及后文 “It has made its way int almst every element f ur lives.” 可知,可愛已經占據了主導地位?!皌aken ver” 意為 “接管,占據主導地位”,符合語境?!癰rken in” 意為 “闖入,打斷”;“dated back” 意為 “追溯到”;“fallen apart” 意為 “破裂,崩潰”,均不符合語境,所以選 A。
(2025·上海金山一模)
If machines can add purpse t sme jbs when they fail, what abut when they wrk ___23___? This is nt an idle questin, but a serius ne. Discussins abut A in particular easily get lst in ayptherical (假設的) debates abut whlesale jb lsses r, wrse, the nature f cnsciusness.
23. A. prperlyB. purpselesslyC. cntinuuslyD. unwillingly
【答案】23. A
【23題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:如果機器可以在某些工作失敗的時候給它們增加意義,那么當它們正常工作的時候呢?A. prperly正常地;B. purpselessly無目的地;C. cntinuusly持續(xù)不斷地;D. unwillingly不情愿地。根據上文“If machines can add purpse t sme jbs when they fail”提到工作失敗的時候,由此可知,此處應表示機器正常工作的時候,和上文的fail形成呼應。故選A項。
技巧五:利用固定搭配法及詞組辨析解題
對于這類題型,學生在平時的學習中,要多掌握一些語法現(xiàn)象、多記多背一些固定結構和習慣搭配,并掌握它們的基本用法,這樣就能夠輕松解題了。
(2025·上海松江一模)
Tw years later, the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee (IOC) held a cnference t seriusly discuss “t what extent and in what frm the arts and literature can participate. ” The event prgram listed several arts categries that were ____31____ .
31. A. under cntrlB. under cnsideratinC. in useD. in prgress
【答案】 31. B
【31題詳解】
考查介詞短語辨析。句意:活動計劃列出了幾個正在考慮的藝術類別。A. under cntrl處于控制之下;B. under cnsideratin考慮中;C. in use在使用;D. in prgress正在進行中。根據后文“Officials ultimately agreed t add five arts cmpetitins t the Olympics in 1908: literature, painting, sculpture, music and architecture.(官員們最終同意在1908年的奧運會上增加五項藝術比賽:文學、繪畫、雕塑、音樂和建筑)”可知,一開始只是考慮幾個列出的藝術類別。故選B。
(2025·上海青浦一模)
In cnclusin, shuld yu watch the Olympic Games if yu want t __35__ yur diet? Of curse, but it might be better t chse the physical activities yu find the mst difficult t perfrm — and watch them withut mderatin.
35. A. put up with B. keep up with C. make up fr D. set up fr
答案 B
35. B:如果想 “跟上” 自己的飲食計劃(即保持飲食規(guī)律),是否應該看奧運會呢?“keep up with”(跟上,保持)符合語境,“put up with”(忍受)、“make up fr”(彌補)、“set up fr”(為…… 做準備)均不符合,所以選 B。
技巧六:利用生活常識解題
解決此類題型時,應該把自己學到的有關文化背景知識和生活常識靈活運用,注意中西文化的一些差別。但有些沒有定論的、或自己沒有把握的知識,不能作為判斷的依據,這時就要尊重原文的描述。
(2025·上海奉賢一模)
The rigid crridrs f Weltn Academy carried the weight f traditin and cnfrmity (循規(guī)蹈矩). Jhn Keating, an English teacher with a (n) ___21___ f mystery and passin, stepped int the academy like a breath f freshness in a dull rm. His very presence was a (n) ___22___ t the lng-established nrms f the schl.
21. A. airB. gestureC. mdD. utlk
22. A. threatB. barrierC. challengeD. pprtunity
【答案】21. A 22. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在保守的威爾頓學院,一位富有激情與獨特氣質的英語教師約翰·基廷用一種獨特的方式教授學生,給他的學生帶來了巨大的影響。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:約翰·基廷是一位充滿神秘和激情的英語老師,他走進了學院,就像一股清新的氣息進入了沉悶的房間。A. air氣質,氛圍;B. gesture姿勢;C. md情緒;D. utlk展望。根據下文“mystery and passin”可知應該是帶有神秘和激情的氛圍,故選A。
【22題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他的出現(xiàn)本身就是對這所學校長期建立的規(guī)范的挑戰(zhàn)。A. threat威脅;B. barrier障礙;C. challenge挑戰(zhàn);D. pprtunity機會。根據下文“He was nt ne t simply stand at the frnt f the classrm and lectured abut Shakespeare’s petry r the rules f grammar. (他不是那種簡單地站在教室前面講
授莎士比亞詩歌或語法規(guī)則的人)”可知他的教學理念和方式與學校傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)范不一致,因此他是學校長期建立的規(guī)范的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。
(2025·上海浦東新區(qū)一模)
What d humans perceive t be cute? In the 1940s, Knrad Lrenz, an Austrian zlgist, fund that peple are (25)_________ t babies with big eyes and a small nse, as well as shrt arms, legs, because they bring jy. S bsessed with these characteristics that cats and dgs may have been (26)_________ t bring ut thse same features.
25.A. accustmedB. expsedC. intrducedD. attracted
26.A. walkedB. shapedC. entertainedD. mnitred
答案: 25.D 26. B
25.D:根據前文 “peple are... t babies with big eyes and a small nse” 可知,人們被大眼睛、小鼻子的嬰兒所吸引。“attracted” 意為 “被吸引”,符合常識。“accustmed” 意為 “習慣的”;“expsed” 意為 “暴露的”;“intrduced” 意為 “被介紹”,均不符合語境,所以選 D。
26.B:根據前文 “S bsessed with these characteristics” 可知,人們對這些可愛的特征如此著迷,以至于貓
和狗可能被塑造出同樣的特征?!皊haped” 意為 “塑造”,符合語境?!皐alked” 意為 “走路”;“entertained” 意為 “娛樂”;“mnitred” 意為 “監(jiān)控”,均不符合語境,所以選 B。
(以2023年6月上海高考真題為例,深度解析高考完形填空命題趨勢)
Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. (41) ______, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs’ apparent (42)_____ when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are (43)______ black r white.
Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients' expectatins haven't (44) ______, either.
“Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut (45) ______ uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be (46) ______ wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment(小恙), he tells them t (47) ______ their inquiry ---- cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin. “Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best (48) ______ and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
Technlgy has helped (49) ______ the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre (50) ______ diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an (51) ______ and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an (52) ______ level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
On the ther hand, cmputers can’t (53) ______ a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌癥結節(jié)). It can als (54) ______ quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, (55) ______, is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
A.On the hand B. Afterwrds C. As a result D.Abve all
42.A. victim B. instance C. transparencyD. certainty
43.A. frequently B. generally C.rarelyD. mainly
44.A. adred B.transfrmed C.fadedD.adjusted
45.A. limiting B. hitting C.threatening D. assembling
46. A. cmpared with B. accunted fr C. accustmed tD.annyed at
B.train C.clarifyD.braden
48.A. identifyB. cure C.defendD.cause
49.A. enlightenB.redefineD.guarantee
50. A. accurateB.plainC.seriusD.remedial
51.A. challengeB. encunterC.cnversatinD.dispute
52.A. dangerusB. maximalC.unfavrableD.cntrasting
53. A.stuffB.hintD. indicate
54.A. cncludeB. understand C.assumeD. calculate
55. A.hweverB. therefreC. mreverD.hence
【答案】 41~45. CDCDA 46~50. CDBBA 51~55. ABCDA
【導讀】文章討論了醫(yī)生在與病人交流時傳達自信和確定性的重要性,然而,隨著醫(yī)學和技術進步帶來的信息爆炸,專家們開始質疑醫(yī)生與病人交流時的表面確定性是否對病人造成更多傷害。醫(yī)學院只是開始教導醫(yī)生如何處理這個問題,而病人的期望也沒有明確。醫(yī)生并不像數學和幾何學那樣具備確定性,而是需要不斷權衡各種因素來做出決策。技術在一定程度上提供了確定性,但無法像醫(yī)生那樣以安慰人心的方式給出診斷和治療建議。雖然計算機可以評估肺部結節(jié)的癌癥風險,但它無法決定如何告知患者肺部有1%的機會變成癌癥。因此,醫(yī)生需要在不確定性中進行決策,并通過人性化的交流方式向患者傳遞信息。
外刊題源:
Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. (41) As a result, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent (42) certainty when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are (43) rarely black r white.
Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients' expectatins haven't (44) adjusted, either.
“Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut (45) limiting uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be (46) accustmed t wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment(小恙), he tells them t (47) braden their inquiry ---- cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin. “Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best (48) cure and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
Technlgy has helped (49)redefine the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre (50) accurate diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an (51) challenge and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an (52) maximal level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
On the ther hand, cmputers can’t (53) cmmunicate a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌癥結節(jié)). It can als (54) calculate quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, (55) hwever, is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
【長難句解析】
1.Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty.
【譯文】醫(yī)生是科學家,他們的工作離不開數據、機率和概率。然而長期以來,他們被教導說,與病人打交道時,他們應該傳遞令人信服的自信和確定性。
perate這里應理解為“工作”; reassuring令人信服的、可靠的。
2. (41) As a result, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment.
【譯文】因此,病人期待醫(yī)生給他們一個清晰的診斷和直接的治療過程。
3. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent (42) certainty when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd.
【譯文】但是,現(xiàn)在只要輕點鼠標、就能了解到各種病情信息,鑒于此,專家們質疑:與病人溝通時,醫(yī)生給出的確定性實際上是否弊大于利。
nw that因為、鑒于;every…imaginable各種、全部的、所能想到的。
4.With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are(43) rarely black r white. Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients' expectatins haven't (44) adjusted either.
【譯文】隨著醫(yī)學和技術進步所帶來的信息過載,答案很少非黑即白。醫(yī)學院正在開始教醫(yī)生如何處理這個問題,而病人的期望也還沒有能適應(這一變化趨勢)。
with…brught復合結構“隨著/在……”;
5. “Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut (45) limiting uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
【譯文】"醫(yī)學總是達不到我們在數學和幾何學中發(fā)現(xiàn)的那種確定性",多倫多達拉拉納公共衛(wèi)生學院的研究員羅斯-厄普舒爾博士說。"如果你考慮到知識和它的作用,它是關于限制不確定性,而不是創(chuàng)造確定性。"
fallen shrt f達不到、缺少。
6.Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be (46) accustmed t wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n cuntless factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse a disease, he tells them t (47) braden their inquiry ---- cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin.
【譯文】接受培訓的醫(yī)生就像賭徒一樣,需要習慣于在這個領域工作,在這個領域中,他們不斷地根據無數的因素來衡量賠率。當Upshur教授醫(yī)學生如何診斷一種疾病時,他告訴他們要擴大調查范圍----提出一個可能性的清單,而不是迅速歸納出一個單一的解決方案。
weigh掂量、權衡;hme in n對準、指向。
7.“Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best (48) cure and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
【譯文】"即使你做出了一個你認為是確定的診斷,你通常也不能確定什么是最好的治療方法,以及從長遠來看,結果會是什么。"
In the lng run長期來看。
8.(9) Technlgy has helped(49) redefine the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre (50) accurate diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an (51) challenge and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an (52) maximal level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
【譯文】技術已經幫助我們重新定義了對確定性的追求。我們正在達到這樣一個地步:我們可以把癥狀清單輸入計算機,得到比醫(yī)生更準確的診斷。哈佛醫(yī)學院醫(yī)學教授理查德-施瓦茨坦博士認為這種發(fā)展既是挑戰(zhàn)也是機遇。他說,一方面,"技術試圖把你推到一個最大的確定性水平。做這個測試可以得到99%的確定性:你有這個疾病。"
Redefine重新定義;reaching a pint where達到某個……的程度。
9. On the ther hand, cmputers can’t (53) cmmunicate a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌癥結節(jié)).
【譯文】另一方面,計算機不能以安慰的方式向病人傳達診斷或治療。以早期肺癌的常規(guī)篩查測試為例。根據你的年齡、吸煙狀況和性別,計算機可以很好地評估發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥結節(jié)的幾率。
a rutine screening test定期篩查。
10. It can als (54) calculate quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, (55) hwever, is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
【譯文】它還可以根據結節(jié)的大小和形狀,相當精確地計算出發(fā)展為實際癌癥的風險。然而,它不能做的是決定如何告訴你,你的肺部有一個結節(jié),有1%的機會成為癌癥。
develping 患上某種疾??;break the news爆料、告訴實情。
【答案詳解】
41.C【解析]此題考查上下文的邏輯關系。上文提到,醫(yī)生應該給病人一個確定的診斷和治療方案,而該空后提到,患者希望醫(yī)生能給他們一個明確的診斷和簡單的治療過程。因此,此處能夠承接上下文的只有C項,as a result 意為“所以;結果(是)”,故選C。n the hand一方面:afterwrds adv.后來;as a result 所以;結果(是):abve all最重要的是:尤其是。
42.D【解析]結合上文提及的Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics,dds and prbability. Yet they've lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty.可知此處提及的內容與醫(yī)生在治療過程中的明確性溝通相關,再結合相關選項,此處與“確定性”能夠產生聯(lián)系的選項只有D項。句意為:“但現(xiàn)在,只要點擊幾下鼠標,就可以獲得關于每一種可以想象的醫(yī)療狀況的信息,專家們正在詢問,醫(yī)生在與患者溝通時的明顯確定性(certainty)是否真的弊大于利”。故選D。victim n.受害者:犧牲品:instance n.例子,實例;情況;transparency n.透明;透明度:透明性: certainty n.確定:必然性。
43.C【解析]結合選項及上下文experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent certainty--when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd.可知,專家們也在研究和詢問醫(yī)患溝通明確帶來的影響,所以此處最可能表述的是“隨著醫(yī)學和技術進步帶來的信息過量,答案很少(rarely)是非黑即白的”。故選C。frequently adv.頻繁地,經常:generally adv.籠統(tǒng)地;通常地;普遍地:rarely adv.少有地;罕見地;mainly adv.主要地;大多。44.D【解析]結合上文提及的patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment可知,患者希望醫(yī)生能給他們一個明確的診斷和簡單的治療過程,再結合選項可推知患者的這種觀念在短時間不會發(fā)生改變。句意為:“醫(yī)學院才剛剛開始教醫(yī)生如何應對這種情況,患者的期望也沒有調整(adjusted)”,故選D。adre v.喜愛:愛慕;transfer v.(使)轉移:(使)調動;fade v.褪去;逐漸消逝:adjust v.適應,調整,校正。
45.A【解析]結合下文和該空后提及的nt abut creating certainty可推知,該空所填詞構成的短語的意思應與creating certainty意思相近,limiting uncertainty符合題意。句意為:“如果你思考知識及其作用,那就是限制(limiting)不確定性,而不是創(chuàng)造確定性”。故選A. limit v.限制:限量:使限于:hit v.打,打擊:碰撞:threaten v恐嚇:威脅:預示(某事): assemble v.集合,收集:裝配,組合:組裝。
47.D【解析]結合該空之后提及的cme up with a list f pssibilities--rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin 可推知,文章不提倡快速地回到一個單一的解決方案上,所以此處想要表達的意思為“當Upshur 教醫(yī)學生如何診斷疾病時,他告訴他們擴大(braden)調查范圍一一列出各種可能性,而不是迅速找到一個單一的解決方案”,故選D。cver v.遮蓋:覆蓋:撒上:包括:涉及:train v、訓練:教育:培養(yǎng);修整:clarify v、闡明,澄清:凈化: braden v.變寬:擴大.的范圍。
48.B【解析]結合上句提及的Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm可知,此處講述的內容與醫(yī)療診斷相關,再分析選項,此處B項能夠與上文聯(lián)系起來。句意為:“即使你做出了你認為可靠的診斷,你通常也不確定什么是最好的治療(cure)方法,從長遠來看會有什么結果?”。故選B。identify v、識別,認出:確定:cure n.藥:措施:療程:defend v.防御:保衛(wèi):防守:cause n.原因;理由;事業(yè):訴訟案。
49.B【解析]結合上下文提及的相關內容可知,醫(yī)生需要慢慢習慣從海量信息中診斷疾病,而信息技術提高了診斷的準確性,這說明準確診斷疾病是醫(yī)生追求已久的。句意為:“技術幫助重新定義了對確定性的追求”,故選B。enlighten v.啟發(fā),闡明:redefine v.再定義: cmmit v.犯罪:承諾:guarantee v.保證:擔保。
50.A[解析]結合上下文提及的D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease.可推知,此處想要表達的是“我們已經到了可以將癥狀列表輸入計算機并得到比醫(yī)生更準確的(accurate)診斷的地步”,故選A。accurate adj.正確的,精確的:精準的: plain adj.清楚的:坦誠的:單色的:樸素的:serius adj.嚴重的:嚴肅的:認真的:莊重的:remedial adj.補教的;糾正的:治療的;補習的,輔導的。
51.A[解析]結合下文提及的信息技術對于提高診斷準確率的好處和缺點,并結合選項可知,此處句意為:“哈佛醫(yī)學院醫(yī)學教授理查德·施瓦茨坦博士認為,這種發(fā)展既是一種挑戰(zhàn)(challenge),也是一種機遇”。故選A。challenge n.挑戰(zhàn):(比賽等的)邀請:質疑:encunter n.遭遇,偶遇:(體育)比賽:cnversatin n.交談,談話:dispute n.爭論,爭端,糾紛。
52.B【解析]結合該空之后提及的D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease可知,將癥狀信息輸入電腦能夠99%確定患有某種疾病,即最大程度確定所患疾病。故該空所在句子想要表達的是“技術試圖把你推向一個最大的(maximal)確定水平。做這個測試可以獲得99%的確定性,你患有這種疾病”。故選B.dangerus adj.危險的;maximal adj.尺寸最大的,最高的,持續(xù)時間最長的:unfavrable adj.不利的:相反的;令人不快的;不吉利的:cntrasting adj.極不相同的,迥異的。
53.C【解析]結合該段內容以及最后提及的is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a l percent chance f becming a cancer可推知,計算機雖然能夠非常準確第診斷疾病,但其在告知診斷結果方面存在一定缺陷。句意為:“另一方面,計算機無法以令人欣慰的方式向患者傳達(cmmunicate)診斷或治療”。故選C。stuff v.塞滿;填塞;hint v.暗示,提示:cmmunicate v.溝通;傳遞;傳染;相通:indicate v.表明,暗示:指示。
54.D【解析]結合上句提及的Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule可知,此處是在說明計算機根據相關信息診斷疾病的準確程度。句意為:“它還可以根據結節(jié)的大小和形狀非常精確地計算出(calculate)患上實際癌癥的風險”。故選D。cnclude v.推斷出:總結:結束:締約:understand v.明白,理解:了解:得知:默認;領會:assume v.假設:承擔(責任):獲得(權利):呈現(xiàn):calculate v.計算:估算:估計:預料。
55.A[解析]結合該空前后內容,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)上文說計算機可以準確診斷疾病,而該空之后則說“計算機不能夠準確告知疾病發(fā)展”,前后有一定的轉折性,故選A。hwever adv.然而:不管怎樣:cnj.不管怎樣:therefre adv.因此:mrever adv.此外:而且:hence adv.因此,所以。
2023年1月春考
外刊來源:
Fr the past five years. I've been examining the prs and cns f reading n-screen versus in print. The _______bttm line is that while digital devices may be fine fr reading that we dn't intend t (41 ) _______r reread, text that requires what's been called “deep reading”is nearly always better dne in print.
Readers themselves have a keen sense f what kind f reading is best suited fr which (42) _______. My survey research with university students in the United Sates, Germany. and Japan reveals that if csts are the same, abut 90 percent ( at least in my sample ) (43 )_______ hard cpy fr schlwrk. If a text is lng, 92 percent wuld chse hard cpy. Fr (44) _______texts, it's a tss-up.
Digital reading als (45 ) _______distractin and invites multitasking. Amng American and Japanese subjects, 92 percent reprted it was easiest t cncentrate when reading in hard cpy.(The figure fr Germany was 98 percent. ) In this cuntry.26 percent indicated they were (46)________t multitask while reading in print, cmpared with 85 percent when reading n-screen. Imagine (47)_______with Finnegan's Wake while simultaneusly juggling Facebk and bking a vacatin fight. Yu get the pint.
Several pen-ended questins n my survey were particularly (48 )_______. I asked what peple liked mst ( and least) abut reading in each medium. Cmmn (49)_______fr what students liked mst abut reading in print included “I can write n the pages and remember the material easier” and “it's easier t fcus.” When asked what they liked least abut reading (50 )_______, a number f Japanese students reprted that it wasn't “real reading,” while respndents frm all three cuntries cmplained that they “get distracted” r “dn't absrb as much.”
My all-time favrite reply t the questin "What is the ne thing yu (51 )________abut reading in print?" came frm an American: "It takes me lnger because I read mre carefully. " Isn't careful reading what academe was designed t prmte?
Readings in the humanities tend t be lengthy, intellectually weighty, r bth. The (52)_______f digital reading fr the humanities is that screens-particularly thse n devices with Internet cnnectins-undermine ur encunters with meaty texts. These (53 ) ________weren't designed fr fcused cncentratin, reading slwly, pausing t argue virtually with the authr,r rereading. (54 )_______, they are infrmatin and cmmunicatin machines, best used fr searching and skimming-nt scrutinizing.
Teachers and schlars must lk beynd tday's career-mindedness in talking abut challenges t the humanities. We need t think mre carefully abut students' munting rejectin f lng-frm reading , nw (55 )_________ by digital technlgies that further cmplicate ur struggle t engage students in serius text-based inquiry.
41. A. make up B.take n C.hld utD.chew ver
42. A.designB. mediumC. cverD. cntent
43.A. prefer B.referC.ffer D.transfer
44. A. lwerB. higherC.shrter D. lnger
B.encuragesC.encavesD. cunteracts
46.A. likelyB. rderlyC. deadlyD. cleanly
B. satisfyingC. strugglingD.picnicking
48. A.recmmendingB. indicatingC.recgnizingD. revealing
B.additinsC.slutinsD.instruments
50. A. casuallyB.delicatelyC. digitallyD. instantly
51. A.disadvantageB. dislikeC.misjudgeD. declur
52. A.advanceB. suspectC.pleasureD. challenge
53. A.vehiclesB.services C.devicesD. figures
54. A. AccrdinglyB. RatherC.ThusD. Therefre
55. A.qualifiedB.terrifiedC.identified D.intensified
【答案】41-55 DBACB ACDAC BDCBD
【導讀】文章主要是對比了在屏幕上閱讀和紙質閱讀的利弊。結論是,雖然數字設備適合閱讀不需要深入理解或重復閱讀的內容,但對于需要進行“深度閱讀”的文本來說,紙質閱讀幾乎總是更好的選擇。調查研究顯示,大部分學生認為紙質閱讀更適合學業(yè),尤其是長篇文本。數字閱讀容易分散注意力,容易引發(fā)多任務處理,而紙質閱讀更利于專注。一些被調查者表示,在紙質閱讀時很少分心,而在屏幕上閱讀時則經常分心。針對喜歡紙質閱讀的原因,調查結果顯示,人們喜歡可以在紙張上做筆記、更容易記住材料和更容易集中注意力。對于不喜歡數字閱讀的原因,一些被調查者表示數字閱讀不是“真正的閱讀”,還有人抱怨容易分心或無法吸收足夠的信息。最后,文章呼吁教師和學者要關注學生對長篇閱讀的拒絕,特別是數字技術進一步加劇了我們在引導學生進行嚴肅的以文本為基礎的研究方面的挑戰(zhàn)。
【解析】
41.D【解析]根據該空之后提及的reread(意為“重讀,再讀”)可推知,此處想要表述的句意為:“雖然數字設備可能適合閱讀我們不打算反復閱讀(chew ver)的內容需要所謂‘深度閱讀’的文本幾乎總是在印刷品中做得更好”。故選D.matake n 承擔:hld ut 保持;chew ver 細嚼;仔細考量。
42.B[解析] 結合該段所舉例子和文章提及的相關內容,再根據相關選項分析,可推知本篇文章講述的內容與閱讀媒介相關,即填入 medium 更符合文意,即此句意為:“讀者自己對什么樣的閱讀最適合哪種媒介(medium)有著敏銳的感覺”故選 B。design n. 設計;設計方案; 布局;安排;構思; medium n.介質:方法:媒介;材料,形式;cver n.封皮;覆蓋物:掩蓋,掩飾; cntent n.內容:含量。
43.A[解析] 結合該空前后提及的 90%的人選擇硬堵貝可推知,在所調查的人中這些人更喜歡使用這種方式,因此結合選項分析,A 項更符合文意。句意為:“我對美國、德國和日本的大學生進行的調查研究表明,如果成本相同,大約90%的人 (至少在我的樣本中) 更喜歡 (prefer) 硬拷貝(即打印件) 作業(yè)”。故選 A。prefer v.更喜歡;較喜歡; refer v. 參考;指;描述;談及; ffer v. 提供:供應: transfer v.轉移(感情): 轉讓(權力等): 改變(環(huán)境)。
44.C【解析]結合上文提及的lf a text is lng. 92 percent wuld chse hard cpy可知,上文提及了“對于長文本,人們傾向于硬拷員一,結合選項分析,此處想表述的是一如果文本很長。92%的人會選擇硬拷員,對于較短的(shrter)文本,這是一個懸而未決的問題”。故選C。lwer adj:下面的,在底部的,低注的:higher adj.高等級的:糖到獨高的; shrter adj較相的,更短的; lnger adj比較長的; 長期的。
45.B【解析]連詞and前后連接并列端分,再根據該空之后提及的invites multitasking可知,數字閱讀會導數多任務處理。結合選項分析,B項符合文意。句意為:一數字閱讀也促進(encurages)分散注意力,并引發(fā)多任務處理”。故選B。disarm v.解除……的武裝:裁軍:使無害,消除…的殺傷力; encurages v. 促進:激勵;:刺激; encaves v.把.搬入洞中: 藏于洞中: cunteract v.抵消:抵抗:抵制。
46.[解析]結合該空之后提及的cmpared with 8.5 percent when reading n-screen可知,此處想要表述的是數字閱讀和印刷品閱讀對注意力分散的影響,根據上文可知印刷品閱讀注意力分散情況相對低一點。句意為:“在這個國家,26%的人表示他們在閱讀印刷品時可能會(likely)同時處理多項任務,而在屏幕上閱讀時這一比例為85%”。故選 A.likely adj.可能的:有希望的:預料的:adv.可能: 或許;rderly adj.有秩序的:整潔的;有條理的;表現(xiàn)良好的;adv.依次地:有規(guī)則地:有條理地;deadly adj.致命的;極度的;徹底的;枯燥的:adv.極其:非常;cleanly adv.干凈地;清潔地;干凈利落地; adj.愛清潔的;干凈的。
47.C【解析]結合上文提及的“多任務處理”可推知此處想要表述的是三個任務同時進行,因此結合相關選項,C項符合文意。句意為:“想象一下,一邊在Facebk上玩游戲,一邊預訂度假航班,一邊在《芬尼根守靈記》中苦苦掙扎(struggling)"。故選C。delight v.使高興:使愉快;使快樂; satisfy v.使?jié)M足:使?jié)M意:使確信:向……證實:struggle v.斗爭;努力;奮斗;爭取;抗爭: picnick v.野餐。
48.D【解析]根據句意以及句子結構分析,該空處填入形容詞,結合相關選項可知,該句話想要表述的是“我的調查中有幾個開放式的問題特別有啟發(fā)性(revealing)”,故選D。recmmend v.建議;推薦;介紹;indicating v.表明;顯示:暗示:示意:象征;recgnizing v.認識;承認;(正式)認可,接受,贊成; revealing adj.有啟示作用的;給人啟發(fā)的。
49.A【解析]結合上文內容可知,這里講述的內容與調查問卷相關,再結合下文提及的a number f Japanese students reprted that it wasn't “real reading," while respndents frm all three cuntries cmplained that they “get distracted” r “dn't absrb as much”可知,該空應該與被調查的人的回復有關,因此結合選項分析,該空處想要表述的是:對于學生最喜歡印刷品閱讀的內容,常見的回答(respnses )包括“我可以在紙上寫字,更容易記住材料”和“更容易集中注意力”。故選A。 respnses n.響應;反應;回答;答復;additins n.增加;添加;slutins n.溶液:解決辦法:答案;instruments n.儀器;儀表;器械:手段:器具。
50.C【解析]該段提及的內容是被調查者關于印刷版閱讀和數字閱讀的相關反饋,結合該空之后提及的a number f Japanese students reprted that it wasn't "real reading," while respndents frm all three cuntries cmplained that they “get distracted" r "dn't absrb as much"可知,這里講述的內容與數字閱讀的特點相關,即此處句意為:“當被問及他們最不喜歡數字(digitally)閱讀的地方時,一些日本學生表示這不是‘真正的閱讀’,而來自這三個國家的受訪者則抱怨他們‘分心了’或‘吸收不了那么多’”。故選C。casually adv.隨意地:隨便地:漫不經心地:delicately adv.合意地;digitally adv.以數字方式;數位地:instantly adv.立即:立刻:馬上。
51.B【解析]根據句子結構分析,該空需要填入動詞,故可排除A項,再結合上下文內容可知,此處講述的是關于人們是否喜歡某種閱讀媒介的問題。因此此處句意為:“對于‘你不喜歡(dislike)在印刷品中閱讀的一件事是什么?’這個問題,我最喜歡的回答來自一位美國人……”。選B。disadvantage n.缺點:不利因素;障礙:dislike vt.不喜歡;厭惡:不喜愛;misjudge vt.判斷錯誤;錯看:形成錯誤認識:declur v.脫色;漂白。
52.D【解析]根據下文提及的particularly thse n devices with Internet cnnectins--undermine ur encunters with meaty texts可知此處講述的是數字閱讀的缺點,即此處句意為:“數字閱讀對人文學科的挑戰(zhàn)(challenge)在于,屏幕--尤其是那些連接互聯(lián)網的設備上的屏幕會破壞我們與豐富文本的接觸”。故選D。advance n.進展;行進;進步:預付款:suspect n.嫌疑犯:嫌疑分子:可疑對象:pleasure n.愉快:欣慰:榮幸:challenge n.挑戰(zhàn):質疑:質詢。
53.C【解析]上文提及了數字閱讀的缺點,結合相關選項可知,此處與數字閱讀聯(lián)系最為緊密的是C項,即此處表述的是數字閱讀設備的缺陷。句意為:“這些設備(devices)并不是為了集中注意力、慢慢閱讀、停下來與作者進行虛擬辯論或重讀而設計的”。故選C。vehicles n.車輛:手段,工具:交通工具:services n.公共事業(yè):服務性企業(yè);公共服務系統(tǒng):公共事業(yè)機構:devices n,裝置:設備;方法:儀器:figures n.位數:算術;數字符號:字碼。
54.B【解析]結合該空前后提及的fr fcused cncentratin,reading slwly, pausing t argue virtually with the authr, r rereading 和 they are infrmatin and cmmunicatin machines, best used fr searching and skimming-nt scrutinizing可知,該空前后是兩種完全相反的觀點,因此B項符合文意。句意為:“相反(Rather),它們是信息和通信機器,最好用于搜索和略讀,而不是仔細查”。故選B。 Accrdingly adv.因此:相應地:所以:照著:Rather adv.相當地:在某種程度上:有點兒,稍微;相反,反而,而是;Thus adv.因此:從而:這樣;所以:如此:Therefre adv.因此:所以;因而。
55.D【解析]結合上文提及的We need t think mre carefully abut students' munting rejectin f lng-frm reading可知,學生本來就對長格式閱讀有排斥感,再結合該空前后內容和相關選項,推知此處想表述的是“我們需要更仔細地考慮學生們對長格式閱讀的日益排斥,現(xiàn)在數字技術加劇了(intensified) 這種排斥,使我們在讓學生參與嚴肅的基于文本的探究方面的斗爭更加復雜”。故選D。 qualified adj.有資格的;具備……的知識(或技能);具備……的學歷(或資歷); terrified adj.很害怕;恐懼;;極度驚慌的;identified adj.被識別的;經鑒定的;被認同的:intensified adj.加強的。
(一)
(2025年浦東新區(qū)一模)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passages there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Brwse thrugh any scial-media feed, and befre lng a cute vide will appear. The supply f these (21)_________ clips, shrt parts f vides, is huge. On ne scial media platfrm there are 65 millin vides tagged(貼標簽) #cute. The demand is mre (22)_________: thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times.
Lng dismissed as girlish and silly, cuteness has recently becme a subject f serius (23)_________, inspiring scientific research and academic literature, named “Cute Studies”. A new exhibitin in Lndn als examined the dminance f cute qualities in culture, bringing tgether art, games and tys. Cuteness “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, the rganizer. “It has made its way int almst every element f ur lives.”
What d humans perceive t be cute? In the 1940s, Knrad Lrenz, an Austrian zlgist, fund that peple are (25)_________ t babies with big eyes and a small nse, as well as shrt arms, legs, because they bring jy. S bsessed with these characteristics that cats and dgs may have been (26)_________ t bring ut thse same features. Cartn characters have evlved as well. (27)_________, Mickey Muse’s arms, legs and nse have shrunk while his head and eyes have becme larger.
It was exactly in the 20th century that cuteness dug in its (28)_________ claw(爪). Walt Disney brught a parade f wide-eyed creatures acrss the wrld. Japanese kawaii culture als went glbal. After the emergence f mass prductin, cute tys became (29)_________ attainable acrss the market. Sanri, the cmpany behind the Hell Kitty brand, (30)_________ this trend, generating $3.8 billin in annual sales by prducing prducts n an unmatched scale.
Then, with the Internet, cuteness became (31)_________ n demand. Peple culd share amusing cntent f their children r favrite animals any time. In 2022, mre than 90,000 vides f cats were upladed t a majr scial media platfrm every day.
Cuteness has real-wrld uses. Lvt, a wide-eyed cmpanin rbt, respnds (32)_________ when hugged. Such an innvatin may help relieve (33)_______ amng the elderly. Plicymakers, t, might emply this pwer t (34)________ peple’s behaviur. Putting images n bins f sea turtles r dlphins trapped in rubbish has been shwn t reduce plastic waste. Mr. Kringelbach says that an appreciatin fr cute things is a(n) (35)_________ in itself, but it als “has the ptential t change the wrld”. S why nt use the pwer f cuteness t create a better, mre lving wrld?
21.A. liveB. casualC. adrableD. interactive
22.A. substantialB. urgentC. reasnableD. practical
23.A. cmmitmentB. inquiryC. hazardD. cmpetitin
24.A. taken ver B. brken inC. dated backD. fallen apart
25.A. accustmedB. expsedC. intrducedD. attracted
26.A. walkedB. shapedC. entertainedD. mnitred
27.A. On the cntraryB. In additinC. Fr instanceD. In ther wrds
28.A. sharp B. scaryC. pwerfulD. tiny
29.A. ccasinallyB. ptentiallyC. temprarilyD. readily
30.A. tk advantage fB. lked frward t
C. brke away frmD. came up with
31.A. available B. flexibleC. digitalD. fundamental
32.A. thrughlyB. indifferentlyC. awkwardlyD. psitively
33.A. distractinB. dutiesC. lneliness D. dubts
34.A. redirectB. excuseC. displayD. reward
35.A. issueB. delightC. reminderD. feature
參考答案:
21. C 22. A 23. B 24.A 25.D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29.D 30. A
31.A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B
【導語】
文章圍繞 “可愛” 這一主題展開,主要探討了可愛文化在現(xiàn)代社會的盛行、其產生的原因、發(fā)展歷程以及實際應用。
可愛內容的供需現(xiàn)狀:社交媒體上可愛視頻數量龐大,需求可觀,“可愛” 已從被輕視轉變?yōu)閲烂C研究的主題,倫敦還舉辦相關展覽,組織者稱其已融入生活各元素。
可愛的標準及影響:20 世紀 40 年代,奧地利動物學家發(fā)現(xiàn)人類易被大眼睛、小鼻子等特征的嬰兒吸引,受此影響,貓狗及卡通形象也朝著凸顯這些可愛特征演變。
可愛文化的發(fā)展:20 世紀,迪士尼及日本卡哇伊文化推動可愛文化走向全球,大規(guī)模生產使可愛玩具在市場上隨處可得,三麗鷗公司借此取得巨額銷售業(yè)績。互聯(lián)網的出現(xiàn)讓可愛內容按需可得,人們可隨時分享可愛瞬間。
可愛的現(xiàn)實應用:可愛具有實際用途,如寬眼的陪伴機器人 Lvt 被擁抱時積極回應,有助于緩解老年人孤獨;政策制定者利用可愛元素引導人們減少塑料垃圾。文章指出欣賞可愛事物本身是一種樂趣,且有改變世界的潛力,呼吁利用可愛的力量創(chuàng)造美好世界。
答案解析
C:根據前文 “a cute vide will appear” 以及后文 “thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times” 可知,這里說的是可愛的視頻片段,“adrable” 意為 “可愛的”,符合語境?!發(fā)ive” 意為 “現(xiàn)場的”;“casual” 意為 “隨意的”;“interactive” 意為 “互動的”,均不符合此處對可愛視頻片段的描述,所以選 C。
A:由 “thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times” 可知,對可愛視頻的需求是巨大的?!皊ubstantial” 意為 “大量的,可觀的”,符合語境?!皍rgent” 意為 “緊急的”;“reasnable” 意為 “合理的”;“practical” 意為 “實際的”,均不符合需求巨大這一語境,所以選 A。
B:根據后文 “inspiring scientific research and academic literature, named ‘Cute Studies’” 可知,可愛已經成為嚴肅研究的對象?!癷nquiry” 意為 “探究,調查”,符合語境?!癱mmitment” 意為 “承諾,奉獻”;“hazard” 意為 “危險”;“cmpetitin” 意為 “競爭”,均不符合語境,所以選 B。
A:根據后文 “It has made its way int almst every element f ur lives.” 可知,可愛已經占據了主導地位?!皌aken ver” 意為 “接管,占據主導地位”,符合語境?!癰rken in” 意為 “闖入,打斷”;“dated back” 意為 “追溯到”;“fallen apart” 意為 “破裂,崩潰”,均不符合語境,所以選 A。
D:根據前文 “peple are... t babies with big eyes and a small nse” 可知,人們被大眼睛、小鼻子的嬰兒所吸引?!癮ttracted” 意為 “被吸引”,符合語境?!癮ccustmed” 意為 “習慣的”;“expsed” 意為 “暴露的”;“intrduced” 意為 “被介紹”,均不符合語境,所以選 D。
B:根據前文 “S bsessed with these characteristics” 可知,人們對這些可愛的特征如此著迷,以至于貓和狗可能被塑造出同樣的特征。“shaped” 意為 “塑造”,符合語境?!皐alked” 意為 “走路”;“entertained” 意為 “娛樂”;“mnitred” 意為 “監(jiān)控”,均不符合語境,所以選 B。
C:前文說卡通人物也在進化,后文以米老鼠為例說明,“Fr instance” 意為 “例如”,符合語境?!癘n the cntrary” 意為 “相反”;“In additin” 意為 “此外”;“In ther wrds” 意為 “換句話說”,均不符合語境,所以選 C。
D:這里形容爪子,結合前文提到的可愛的特征,“tiny” 意為 “微小的”,與可愛的形象相呼應,符合語境?!皊harp” 意為 “鋒利的”;“scary” 意為 “可怕的”;“pwerful” 意為 “強大的”,均不符合可愛這一主題,所以選 D。
D:根據前文 “After the emergence f mass prductin” 可知,大規(guī)模生產后,可愛的玩具在市場上很容易買到?!皉eadily” 意為 “容易地,樂意地”,符合語境?!癱casinally” 意為 “偶爾”;“ptentially” 意為 “潛在地”;“temprarily” 意為 “暫時地”,均不符合語境,所以選 D。
A:根據后文 “generating $3.8 billin in annual sales by prducing prducts n an unmatched scale” 可知,三麗鷗公司利用了這一趨勢?!皌k advantage f” 意為 “利用”,符合語境。“l(fā)ked frward t” 意為 “期待”;“brke away frm” 意為 “脫離”;“came up with” 意為 “想出”,均不符合語境,所以選 A。
A:根據后文 “Peple culd share amusing cntent f their children r favrite animals any time.” 可知,有了互聯(lián)網,可愛的內容隨時可獲取?!癮vailable” 意為 “可獲得的”,符合語境?!癴lexible” 意為 “靈活的”;“digital” 意為 “數字的”;“fundamental” 意為 “基本的”,均不符合語境,所以選 A。
D:根據前文 “Cuteness has real - wrld uses.” 以及后文 “Such an innvatin may help relieve...” 可知,這個陪伴機器人在被擁抱時會積極回應。“psitively” 意為 “積極地”,符合語境?!皌hrughly” 意為 “徹底地”;“indifferently” 意為 “冷漠地”;“awkwardly” 意為 “尷尬地”,均不符合語境,所以選 D。
C:根據前文 “a wide - eyed cmpanin rbt” 可知,這種創(chuàng)新可能有助于緩解老年人的孤獨感?!發(fā)neliness” 意為 “孤獨”,符合語境?!癲istractin” 意為 “分心”;“duties” 意為 “職責”;“dubts” 意為 “懷疑”,均不符合語境,所以選 C。
A:根據后文 “Putting images n bins f sea turtles r dlphins trapped in rubbish has been shwn t reduce plastic waste.” 可知,政策制定者可以利用可愛的力量來引導人們的行為?!皉edirect” 意為 “重新引導”,符合語境。“excuse” 意為 “原諒,借口”;“display” 意為 “展示”;“reward” 意為 “獎勵”,均不符合語境,所以選 A。
B:根據前文 “Cuteness has real - wrld uses.” 以及后文 “but it als ‘has the ptential t change the wrld’” 可知,對可愛事物的欣賞本身就是一種樂趣?!癲elight” 意為 “樂趣”,符合語境。“issue” 意為 “問題”;“reminder” 意為 “提醒”;“feature” 意為 “特征”,均不符合語境,所以選 B。
(二)
(2025年閔行一模)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Effective mnitring f endangered species is key t their survival. Studying the 21 , range, and habits f wild animals is essential t ensure their habitat remains free frm develpment and illegal hunters. Traditinal methds f mnitring wild animals, especially large nes, include radi-tagging(無線電標記). T d this, individual animals must at first be captured s that cllars can be 22 .
One rganizatin that 23 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radi-cllars t mnitr black rhins (犀牛) in Namibia. Hwever, the team sn realized that the chemicals used t immbilize the rhin t fit the cllars 24 female fertility. Nt nly that but als a large prprtin f the radi-cllars 25 within the first 6 mnths and had t be replaced. 26 , as animals grew, the cllars wuld tighten, annying r even hurting them. The methd was cstly and had the unintended 27 f altering the rhins' behavir, making the cllected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was wrking alngside lcal 28 . Animal tracking is ne f the ldest human skills, and these experts have years f experience in identifying individual animals by their ftprints. They culd effectively create a true picture f individual rhins' activities withut the use f any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Cnsequently, the team were interested t knw whether the trackers' knwledge culd be effectively 29 a cmputerized technique fr mnitring animal mvement.
Within each species, each individual has its wn unique ft 30 . If an animal is sighted and identified just nce, and the characteristics f its ftprints are prperly phtgraphed and measured, its ftprint can be 31 whenever it is sighted again. If that is dne repeatedly, cnservatinists can draw up a 32 f all, r at least a significant prprtin f the individuals within the ppulatin. After that, cnservatinists can use it t identify an animal and its mvements by its print. The data gathered can be used fr a range f 33 , fr example, t mnitr bidiversity. WildTrack is currently using ftprint identificatin technlgy in Greece t study the ptential effect f a large highway cnstructin thrugh brwn bear habitat.
Identifying an animal frm its ftprint is nt withut its 34 , hwever, as each time the individual places its ft n the grund, it leaves a slightly different track, accrding t the grund type, misture (濕度), and mvement. T accunt fr these 35 , it is necessary t cllect multiple tracks frm each animal n a range f surfaces.
21. A. flexibility B. diet C. mvement D. behavir
22. A. fixed B. updated C. remved D. examined
23. A. ppsed B. develped C. prmted D. adpted
24. A. enhanced B. harmed C. tested D. ensured
25. A. lasted B. matched C. failed D. bent
26. A. Therefre B. Hwever C. Likewise D. Mrever
27. A. cnsequence B. mistake C. cause D. target
28. A. prgrammers B. phtgraphers C. trackers D. fficials
29.A. cmpared t B. translated int C. integrated int D. classified int
30. A. features B. sizes C. clrs D. shapes
31. A. cpied B. recgnized C. erased D. marked
32. A. budget B. schedule C. blueprint D. database
33. A. purpses B. experiments C. slutins D. services
34. A. limitatins B. lsses C. challenges D. cncerns
35. A. variatins B. signs C. factrs D. standards
答案:
21.C 22. A 23. D24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A
31. B 32. D 33. A34. C31. 35. A
文章大意
本文主要探討了瀕危物種的監(jiān)測方法。傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測野生動物(尤其是大型動物)的方法是無線電標記,但該方法存在諸多弊端,如影響犀牛繁殖能力、設備易損壞需更換、會傷害動物并改變其行為,導致數據不可靠。與此同時,WildTrack 團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)當地追蹤者能通過腳印識別個體動物,且無需侵入性技術?;诖?,團隊思考能否將追蹤者的知識轉化為計算機化技術。實際上,每個動物個體的腳印都有獨特特征,通過拍照和測量其腳印特征,可建立數據庫用于識別動物及其活動,收集的數據能用于多種目的。不過,從腳印識別動物也面臨挑戰(zhàn),因為腳印會因地面類型、濕度和動物移動等因素而不同,所以需要從不同表面收集多個腳印以應對這些變化。
答案解析
21. C:文章圍繞監(jiān)測瀕危物種展開,研究野生動物的移動、活動范圍和習性對保護其棲息地至關重要?!癿vement”(移動)符合語境,而 “flexibility”(靈活性)、“diet”(飲食)、“behavir”(行為)在文中雖也相關,但結合后文主要討論通過監(jiān)測動物移動來保護它們,“mvement” 最為合適,所以選 C。
22. A:傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測方法是無線電標記,首先要捕獲動物,目的是安裝無線電項圈,“fixed”(安裝,固定)符合將項圈固定在動物身上的意思,“updated”(更新)、“remved”(移除)、“examined”(檢查)均不符合語境,所以選 A。
23. D:WildTrack 這個組織采用了無線電標記技術,“adpted”(采用,采納)符合語境,“ppsed”(反對)與文意相悖,“develped”(發(fā)展)和 “prmted”(推廣)在此處不如 “adpted” 準確,所以選 D。
24. B:文中提到給犀牛安裝項圈使用的化學物質對雌性犀牛的生育能力產生了不好的影響,“harmed”(損害,傷害)符合語境,“enhanced”(增強)、“tested”(測試)、“ensured”(確保)均不符合對生育能力產生負面影響的描述,所以選 B。
25. C:根據后文 “had t be replaced” 可知,很大一部分無線電項圈在最初 6 個月內就出現(xiàn)故障不能用了,“failed”(失敗,此處指設備失靈)符合語境,“l(fā)asted”(持續(xù))、“matched”(匹配)、“bent”(彎曲)均不符合設備需要更換所暗示的設備故障的語境,所以選 C。
26. D:前文提到了安裝無線電項圈的一些問題,這里進一步說明隨著動物長大,項圈會變緊,對動物造成困擾,“Mrever”(此外,而且)用于進一步補充說明問題,“Therefre”(因此)表因果,“Hwever”(然而)表轉折,“Likewise”(同樣地)不符合此處遞進的邏輯,所以選 D。
27. A:這種方法不僅成本高,還產生了改變犀牛行為的意外后果,“cnsequence”(后果)符合語境,“mistake”(錯誤)、“cause”(原因)、“target”(目標)均不符合 “改變犀牛行為” 這一結果的描述,所以選 A。
28. C:從后文 “Animal tracking is ne f the ldest human skills, and these experts have years f experience in identifying individual animals by their ftprints.” 可知,這里指的是當地追蹤者,“trackers”(追蹤者)符合語境,“prgrammers”(程序員)、“phtgraphers”(攝影師)、“fficials”(官員)均不符合能通過腳印識別動物的語境,所以選 C。
29. B:團隊想知道追蹤者的知識能否有效地轉化為一種用于監(jiān)測動物移動的計算機化技術,“translated int”(轉化為)符合語境,“cmpared t”(與…… 相比)、“integrated int”(融入)、“classified int”(分類為)均不符合將知識轉化為技術的意思,所以選 B。
30. A:每個動物個體都有自己獨特的腳印特征,“features”(特征)符合語境,“sizes”(尺寸)、“clrs”(顏色)、“shapes”(形狀)都過于片面,“features” 可涵蓋這些方面,所以選 A。
31. B:如果動物的腳印特征被正確拍攝和測量,那么無論何時再次看到它的腳印就能被識別,“recgnized”(識別)符合語境,“cpied”(復制)、“erased”(擦除)、“marked”(標記)均不符合通過腳印特征識別動物的語境,所以選 B。
32. D:重復上述操作后,保護主義者可以建立一個所有或至少大部分個體的數據庫,“database”(數據庫)符合語境,“budget”(預算)、“schedule”(日程安排)、“blueprint”(藍圖)均不符合建立用于識別動物的信息庫的語境,所以選 D。
33. A:收集的數據可以用于一系列目的,“purpses”(目的)符合語境,“experiments”(實驗)、“slutins”(解決方案)、“services”(服務)在文中沒有依據表明數據用于這些方面,所以選 A。
34. C:從腳印識別動物并非沒有挑戰(zhàn),后文說明了原因,“challenges”(挑戰(zhàn))符合語境,“l(fā)imitatins”(限制)更側重于本身的局限性,“l(fā)sses”(損失)、“cncerns”(擔憂)不符合后文描述的因腳印變化帶來的實際困難這一語境,所以選 C。
35. A:為了應對腳印因地面類型、濕度和移動等因素產生的變化,需要從不同表面收集多個腳印,“variatins”(變化)符合語境,“signs”(跡象)、“factrs”(因素)、“standards”(標準)均不符合語境,所以選 A。
(三)
(2025年普陀區(qū)一模)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
In Indnesia, researchers recently captured a remarkable behavir n vide. A wild ape named Rakus, with a deep wund n his cheek, was seen ___ 21___ a kind f leaves, chewing them up, and applying them t his injury. Surprisingly, the wund healed withut infectin. Studies reveal that these plants have medical prperties, which likely ___ 22 ___ his recvery. Rakus's actins demnstrate a deep understanding f btany—a knwledge f plants few humans ___ 23 ___tday.
Althugh ur cllective knwledge f plant science grws, individual ___24 ___ f plants is declining. In mdern life, while we still depend n plants fr survival, fewer peple find it necessary t knw much abut them___ 25 ___ . Mst f us rely n btanists t identify and understand plants, trusting their expertise(專門知識)t ensure ur wellbeing. Hwever, the number f prfessinal btanists is shrinking, and this___26 ___ has raised cncerns within the field.
The Natinal Center fr Educatin Statistics sunded an early alarm in 2015, nting that the number f btany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen belw 400. While that number has since ___ 27 ___ slightly, with 489 degrees awarded in 2023, the number f institutins ffering btany degrees cntinues t decline, frm 76 in 2002 t 59 in 2023. "Btany Ph. Ds. are disappearing, " says Kathryn Parsley, a bilgist wh fcuses n plants but didn't pursue a btany degree due t limited___28___.
Funding shifts are a primary factr leading t btany's decline. The Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), ___29___ , has mved its funding pririties away frm traditinal btany, ___30 ___ applied sciences with ecnmic ptential. This ___31 ___ impacts university funding decisins, leading many schls t reduce r eliminate btany prgrams.
The declining ___32 ___ in btany is further driven by "plant blindness, "a phenmenn where peple ignre plants in their envirnment, failing t recgnize their imprtance. In the United States and the United Kingdm, as btany prfessrs retire, they are ften nt ___33___ , leaving a gap in plant expertise. This ___34___ culd becme a pressing issue, particularly in sectrs like eclgical restratin, where plant identificatin skills are crucial.
While sme btanists believe the field is evlving rather than disappearing, the demand fr plant knwledge remains critical. Prpsed legislatin, such as the Btany Bill in the U. S. , seeks t preserve plant expertise. ___35 ___ , the challenge f maintaining essential plant skills persists, highlighting the urgent need t recgnize and address the value f btany.
21. A. cveringB. absrbingC. harvestingD. skipping
22. A. accunted frB. put ffC. tk nD. resulted frm
23. A. reviseB. enhanceC. subscribeD. pssess
24. A. samplingB. understandingC. ccupatinD. rganizatin
25. A. persnallyB. riginallyC. naturallyD. jyfully
26. A. greedB. traditinC. impressinD. trend
27. A. enduredB. stimulatedC. recveredD. discunted
28. A. editinB. availabilityC. researchD. cnservatin
29. A. fr instanceB. fr sureC. in caseD. n the ther hand
30. A. channelingB. equippingC. favringD. blcking
31. A. entryB. cmbinatinC. cmparisnD. shift
32. A. interestB. emergenceC. intentinD. evidence
33. A. invitedB. replacedC. registeredD. invlved
34. A. launchB. shrtageC. mtiveD. pattern
35. A. HenceB. MreverC. MeanwhileD. Nevertheless
答案:
21-25 CADBA 26-30 DCBAC 31-35 DABBD
文章大意
文章主要講述了植物學領域面臨的現(xiàn)狀。在印度尼西亞,野生猿 Rakus 利用具有藥用特性的植物治療傷口,顯示出對植物的深刻了解。然而,盡管人類對植物科學的集體知識在增長,但個體對植物的了解卻在下降,專業(yè)植物學家數量也在減少。2015 年美國頒發(fā)的植物學學位數量下降,盡管 2023 年有所回升,但提供植物學學位的機構數量持續(xù)減少。資金轉向是導致植物學衰落的主要因素,如美國國家科學基金會將資金優(yōu)先投向具有經濟潛力的應用科學,影響了大學對植物學項目的資金投入。此外,“植物盲” 現(xiàn)象使人們忽視植物重要性,導致植物學領域興趣降低,植物學教授退休后常無人接替,造成專業(yè)知識缺口。盡管有人認為植物學在演變而非消失,且有相關立法試圖保護植物學專業(yè)知識,但維持植物學關鍵技能的挑戰(zhàn)依然嚴峻。
答案解析
21. C:根據后文 “chewing them up, and applying them t his injury” 可知,Rakus 是先 “采集” 一種葉子,然后咀嚼并敷在傷口上?!癶arvesting”(采集,收獲)符合語境,“cvering”(覆蓋)、“absrbing”(吸收)、“skipping”(跳過)均不符合采集葉子這一動作,所以選 C。
22. A:研究表明這些植物具有藥用特性,這很可能 “解釋了” 他傷口愈合的原因?!癮ccunted fr”(解釋,說明…… 的原因)符合語境,“put ff”(推遲)、“tk n”(承擔,呈現(xiàn))、“resulted frm”(由…… 導致)均不符合,所以選 A。
23. D:Rakus 的行為展示了對植物學的深刻理解,這種關于植物的知識現(xiàn)在很少有人 “擁有”?!皃ssess”(擁有)符合語境,“revise”(修訂)、“enhance”(提高)、“subscribe”(訂閱,同意)均不符合,所以選 D。
24. B:前文提到人類對植物科學的集體知識在增長,通過 “althugh” 轉折可知,個體對植物的 “理解” 在下降?!皍nderstanding”(理解)符合語境,“sampling”(采樣)、“ccupatin”(職業(yè))、“rganizatin”(組織)均不符合,所以選 B。
25. A:在現(xiàn)代生活中,雖然我們仍依賴植物生存,但很少有人覺得 “個人” 有必要深入了解它們?!皃ersnally”(個人地)符合語境,“riginally”(最初地)、“naturally”(自然地)、“jyfully”(快樂地)均不符合,所以選 A。
26. D:專業(yè)植物學家數量減少這一 “趨勢” 在該領域引發(fā)了擔憂?!皌rend”(趨勢)符合語境,“greed”(貪婪)、“traditin”(傳統(tǒng))、“impressin”(印象)均不符合,所以選 D。
27. C:2015 年美國頒發(fā)的植物學學位數量降至 400 以下,從 “while” 可知,2023 年數量有所 “恢復”,達到 489 個?!皉ecvered”(恢復)符合語境,“endured”(忍受)、“stimulated”(刺激)、“discunted”(打折)均不符合,所以選 C。
28. B:生物學家 Kathryn Parsley 因可獲得的機會有限,沒有攻讀植物學學位?!癮vailability”(可獲得性)符合語境,“editin”(版本)、“research”(研究)、“cnservatin”(保護)均不符合,所以選 B。
29. A:此處以美國國家科學基金會為例說明資金轉向是導致植物學衰落的主要因素,“fr instance”(例如)符合語境,“fr sure”(肯定地)、“in case”(萬一)、“n the ther hand”(另一方面)均不符合,所以選 A。
30. C:美國國家科學基金會將資金優(yōu)先從傳統(tǒng)植物學轉移開,“青睞” 具有經濟潛力的應用科學?!癴avring”(青睞,偏愛)符合語境,“channeling”(引導)、“equipping”(裝備)、“blcking”(阻礙)均不符合,所以選 C。
31. D:這種資金的 “轉移” 影響了大學的資金決策?!皊hift”(轉移)符合語境,前文提到資金優(yōu)先方向的改變,“entry”(進入)、“cmbinatin”(結合)、“cmparisn”(比較)均不符合,所以選 D。
32. A:“植物盲” 現(xiàn)象進一步導致人們對植物學的 “興趣” 下降?!癷nterest”(興趣)符合語境,“emergence”(出現(xiàn))、“intentin”(意圖)、“evidence”(證據)均不符合,所以選 A。
33. B:在美國和英國,植物學教授退休后,往往沒有被 “接替”,留下了植物專業(yè)知識的缺口。“replaced”(接替,取代)符合語境,“invited”(邀請)、“registered”(注冊)、“invlved”(涉及)均不符合,所以選 B。
34. B:上文提到教授退休后無人接替,這種 “短缺” 可能成為一個緊迫的問題?!皊hrtage”(短缺)符合語境,“l(fā)aunch”(發(fā)射,發(fā)起)、“mtive”(動機)、“pattern”(模式)均不符合,所以選 B。
35. D:雖然有立法試圖保護植物學專業(yè)知識,但維持植物學關鍵技能的挑戰(zhàn)依然存在,前后為轉折關系?!癗evertheless”(然而)符合語境,“Hence”(因此)表因果,“Mrever”(此外)表遞進,“Meanwhile”(同時)表并列,均不符合,所以選 D。
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