目錄
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 題型綜述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 題型01 句內(nèi)層次題3
\l "_Tc148898654" 題型02 句組層次題4
\l "_Tc148898655" 題型03 語篇層次題6
\l "_Tc148898655" 高考練場9
\l "_Tc148898657" 變式演練16
題型介紹
上海高考英語完形填空體裁議論文、說明文為主，夾敘夾議文次之，文章選材頗具哲理性，可讀性較強。在語言結構方面，長難句較多，邏輯思辨能力強，理解難度較大，在選項詞性上以實詞為主，其中動詞、名詞會占半壁江山，虛詞幾乎不會考查，特別注重對文章上下文語境的理解把握。考點設置上，句內(nèi)層次題(答案由設空所在句子決定，多憑句子本身可知答案)和句組層次題(答案由設空臨近句子決定，需前后尋找信息或暗示)所占比重較大，語篇層次題(答案中整篇文章的內(nèi)涵決定，需統(tǒng)攬全局)考查難度較大。主要考察動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞。偶爾會有過渡詞、介詞短語、動詞短語、連詞等。
命題類型
句內(nèi)層次題：主要考查動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞等實詞在具體語境中的運用。
句組理解題：要求考生根據(jù)上下文的語境來選擇最合適的詞匯，理解作者的觀點和態(tài)度。
語篇推理題：考查考生對文章邏輯關系的理解，需要根據(jù)文章的敘述和議論部分進行推理。
解題思路
關注首句，領會大意：首句通常不設空，提供了文章的主題或背景信息，幫助考生快速把握文章的大意。
注重語境，理清行文邏輯：夾敘夾議文的記敘和議論部分交錯出現(xiàn)，考生需要通過上下文的語境來理解作者的觀點和態(tài)度。
找準標志詞，弄清結構：注意文章中的銜接詞，如對比、強調(diào)、讓步、舉例等，這些詞可以幫助考生理解文章的結構和發(fā)展脈絡。
先易后難，逐步推進：先解決那些容易判斷的空格，再逐步處理較難的題目，避免在難題上耗費過多時間。
復讀再核查：在填完所有空格后，通讀全文，確保所選答案使文章意思通順、前后連貫。
題型01 句內(nèi)層次題

句內(nèi)層次題：解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)部，瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，邊讀邊填。調(diào)整思維方式，理清上下文之間的邏輯關系，在充分把握語境的基礎上，辨析詞語，進一步把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。
重視首句，把握文章主題。
分析結構，抓住作者觀點態(tài)度。
3. 利用上下文，關注過渡詞，理清邏輯關系。
（2025·上海浦東新區(qū)一模）
Brwse thrugh any scial-media feed, and befre lng a cute vide will appear. The supply f these (21)_________ clips, shrt parts f vides, is huge. On ne scial media platfrm there are 65 millin vides tagged(貼標簽) #cute. The demand is mre (22)_________: thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times.
21.A. liveB. casualC. adrableD. interactive
22.A. substantialB. urgentC. reasnableD. practical
答案：21. C 22. A
21. C：句內(nèi)層次題。根據(jù)前文 “a cute vide will appear” 以及后文 “thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times” 可知，這里說的是可愛的視頻片段，“adrable” 意為 “可愛的”，符合語境。“l(fā)ive” 意為 “現(xiàn)場的”；“casual” 意為 “隨意的”；“interactive” 意為 “互動的”，均不符合此處對可愛視頻片段的描述，所以選 C。
22. A：句內(nèi)層次題。由前文The supply f these (21)_______ clips, shrt parts f vides, is huge. 及下句 “thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times” 可知，對可愛視頻的需求是巨大的?！皊ubstantial” 意為 “大量的，可觀的”，符合語境?！皍rgent” 意為 “緊急的”；“reasnable” 意為 “合理的”；“practical” 意為 “實際的”，均不符合需求巨大這一語境，所以選 A。
（2025·上海虹口一模）
Manufacturing is a ne-way business. Raw materials g int a factry and finished prducts cme ut. Once thse gds are ____21____, prducers usually wash their hands f them. Certainly they d nt wrry that mst f the prducts are eventually burnt r buried in landfill, which ____22____ the planet. In nly 50 years, the wrld’s cnsumptin f raw materials has nearly becme fur times as big, t mre than 100 billin tns, but nly less than 9% f this is reused, resulting in a ____23____ f materials.
21. A. acceptedB. designedC. sldD. stred
22. A. rulesB. savesC. healsD. pllutes
23. A. analysisB. availabilityC. wasteD. variety
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了制造業(yè)中的原材料消耗、可持續(xù)性、回收以及超級工廠在循環(huán)經(jīng)濟中的作用，同時也提到了其他行業(yè)（如快時尚和消費電子產(chǎn)業(yè)）在可持續(xù)性方面面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和可能的解決方案。
【21題詳解】
句內(nèi)層次題?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意：一旦這些商品售出，生產(chǎn)者通常就不再對它們負責。A. accepted接受；B. designed設計；C. sld銷售；D. stred儲存。根據(jù)下文“prducers usually wash their hands f them.”可知，商品一旦售出，生產(chǎn)者就不再負責。故選C。
【22題詳解】
句內(nèi)層次題?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意：他們當然不會擔心，因為大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品最終都會被焚燒或填埋，從而污染地球。A. rules統(tǒng)治、支配；B. saves節(jié)??；C. heals治愈；D. pllutes污染。根據(jù)空前“mst f the prducts are eventually burnt r buried in landfill,”可推測，產(chǎn)品焚燒或被填埋后會污染地球。故選D。
【23題詳解】
句內(nèi)層次題?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意：在僅僅50年的時間里，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原來的四倍，超過100億噸，但其中只有不到9%被再利用，造成了極大的材料浪費。A. analysis分析；B. availability可用性；C. waste浪費；D. variety多樣性。根據(jù)上文“In nly 50 years, the wrld’s cnsumptin f raw materials has nearly becme fur times as big, t mre than 100 billin tns, but nly less than 9% f this is reused”可知，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原來的四倍，超過100億噸，但其中只有不到9%被再利用。由此可知，這造成了材料的浪費。故選C。
題型02 句組層次題

句組層次題：解題線索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。謹記“上看一句下看一句中間看一句（瞻前顧后）”，并根據(jù)邏輯意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、詞匯復現(xiàn)、邏輯關系、背景常識等方法瞻前顧后、耐心作答。
（2025·上海嘉定一模）
Rvelli als emphasizes that learning shuld never be limited by rules r expectatins. Instead, it shuld be a creative, ____33____ jurney. He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn. By ding s, he believes we can ____34____ a deeper understanding f urselves and the wrld arund us.
In There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, Rvelli ffers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just abut facts r ____35____ — it’s abut curisity, wnder, and the jy f discvering new pssibilities.
33. A. shrtB. affrdableC. safeD. persnal
34. A. unlckB. cmplicateC. cmplementD. expse
35. A. mtivatinsB. interestsC. resultsD. questins
【答案】 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了Carl Rvelli的書中強調(diào)了非功利性學習的重要性，鼓勵對知識的追求與探究。
【33題詳解】
句組層次題?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意：相反，這應該是一次創(chuàng)造性的個人之旅。A. shrt短的；B. affrdable可負擔的；C. safe安全的；D. persnal個人的。根據(jù)上文“Rvelli als emphasizes that learning shuld never be limited by rules r expectatins.”和下文“He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn. By ding s, he believes we can ___14___ a deeper understanding f urselves and the wrld arund us.”可知，學習永遠不應該受到規(guī)則或期望的限制，這應該是有創(chuàng)造性的個人的旅程，深入了解自己和周圍的世界。故選D。
【34題詳解】
句組層次題?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意：通過這樣做，他相信我們可以更深入地了解自己和周圍的世界。A. unlck揭開，揭示；B. cmplicate復雜化；C. cmplement補足，補充；D. expse揭露。根據(jù)上文“He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn.”可知，關注自己的興趣，反思自己所學的東西，這會使人更深入了解自己和周圍的世界，unlck a deeper understanding f表示“深入了解”。故選A。
【35題詳解】
句組層次題。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness一書中，Rvelli衷心提醒我們，學習不僅僅是關于事實或結果，而是關于好奇心、好奇心和發(fā)現(xiàn)新可能性的樂趣。A. mtivatins動機；B. interests興趣；C. results結果；D. questins問題。根據(jù)文章開頭“Carl Rvelli’s bk, There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, ffers a refreshing perspective n learning, urging readers t pursue curisity and explratin withut wrrying abut practical utcmes.”可知，Rvelli提醒我們的是，學習不僅僅是關于實際的結果，而是關于學習過程中的樂趣。故選C。
（2025·上海長寧一模）
Sme cuntries try t mtivate dctrs t wrk in rural areas, ffering slightly higher salaries r ther benefits t thse willing t ______33______ utside cities. They may als reward hspitals based n effectiveness in helping patients, ______34______ paying hspitals based n the number f prcedures they perfrm. This culd reduce csts fr patients.
33. A. relaxB. practiceC. specializeD. vlunteer
34. A. as ppsed tB. as well asC. regardless fD. prir t
【答案】 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了農(nóng)村醫(yī)療的困難和復雜性以及解決措施。
【33題詳解】
句組層次題?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意：一些國家試圖鼓勵醫(yī)生到農(nóng)村地區(qū)工作，為那些愿意在城市以外從事專業(yè)工作的醫(yī)生提供略高的工資或其他福利。A. relax放松；B. practice從業(yè)；C. specialize專門；D. vlunteer志愿。根據(jù)上文“ffering slightly higher salaries”可知，一些國家試圖鼓勵醫(yī)生到農(nóng)村地區(qū)工作。故選B項。
【34題詳解】
句組層次題?？疾槎陶Z詞義辨析。句意：他們還可能根據(jù)幫助病人的有效性來獎勵醫(yī)院，而不是根據(jù)醫(yī)院執(zhí)行的手術數(shù)量來支付費用。A. as ppsed t相反；B. as well as以及；C. regardless f不管；不顧；D. prir t之前。根
據(jù)上文“They may als reward hspitals based n effectiveness in helping patients”以及下文“paying hspitals based n the number f prcedures they perfrm.”可知，表示相反的情況。故選A項。
題型03 語篇層次題

語篇層次題：解題線索分布在某一段或幾段相隔，甚至全篇，距離較遠，更需瞻前顧后，謹記“文中無廢句，句中無閑詞”，并根據(jù)邏輯意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、詞匯復現(xiàn)、邏輯關系、背景常識等方法瞻前顧后、合理推斷、耐心作答。
（2025·上海閔行一模）
Effective mnitring f endangered species is key t their survival. Studying the 21 , range, and habits f wild animals is essential t ensure their habitat remains free frm develpment and illegal hunters. Traditinal methds f mnitring wild animals, especially large nes, include radi-tagging（無線電標記）. T d this, individual animals must at first be captured s that cllars can be 22 .
They culd effectively create a true picture f individual rhins' activities withut the use f any invasive （侵入的） techniques. Cnsequently, the team were interested t knw whether the trackers' knwledge culd be effectively 29 a cmputerized technique fr mnitring animal mvement.
If that is dne repeatedly, cnservatinists can draw up a 32 f all, r at least a significant prprtin f the individuals within the ppulatin. After that, cnservatinists can use it t identify an animal and its mvements by its print.
21. A. flexibility B. diet C. mvement D. behavir
答案：C
21. C：語篇層次題。文章圍繞監(jiān)測瀕危物種展開，研究野生動物的移動、活動范圍和習性對保護其棲息地至關重要?！癿vement”（移動）符合語境，而 “flexibility”（靈活性）、“diet”（飲食）、“behavir”（行為）在文中雖也相關，但結合后文主要討論通過監(jiān)測動物移動來保護它們，“mvement” 最為合適，所以選 C。
（2025·上海寶山一模）
At times we all wish that we knew what ther peple were thinking. __21__ , peple's facial expressins, mvements and psture (姿勢) can cmmunicate a lt abut what is ging n in their minds. Understanding these messages hidden in peple's language can require a lt f skill, but Je Navarr's bk What EVERY BODY is Saying can help __22__ that ability.
Small changes in bdy language can help yu recgnize if smene is __23__. Even when peple dn't lie directly, they smetimes try t hide their feelings. Whether yu are __24__ with peple in business r in yur persnal life, recgnizing these feelings can help yu lk ut fr their interests and yur wn.
Accrding t Navarr, establishing a baseline fr hw a persn behaves is imprtant t avid __25__ their bdy language. Mst facial expressins and gestures can mean several different things, s __26__ when peple use certain expressins. Recgnizing this baseline can help yu understand whether expressins and gestures indicate a(n) __27__ t smething yu said r nt. Fr example, rubbing ne's eyes may be a sign f __28__ with a tpic. But if the persn has been rubbing their eyes __29__, they might just be tired.
Prximity (接近，親近) t ther peple is als part f bdy language. Peple stand clser t peple they like r feel cmfrtable with than t strangers r peple they dn't like. And psture als __34__. Sitting r standing up straight can shw that smene feels cnfident, while sitting with crssed arms indicates that they feel __35__ r uncmfrtable.
Bdy language can cmmunicate a lt abut peple's thughts and feelings, and thus, help yu relate t them.
22. A. prvideB. develpC. discverD. aruse
24. A. cperatingB. negtiatingC. investigatingD. interacting
25. A. misguidingB. misinterpretingC. mistrustingD. mismanaging
34. A. adjustsB. fllwsC. mvesD. matters
答案解析
22. B：這本書能幫助 “培養(yǎng)” 理解肢體語言隱藏信息的能力。“develp”（培養(yǎng)，發(fā)展）符合語境，“prvide”
（提供）、“discver”（發(fā)現(xiàn)）、“aruse”（喚起）均不能準確表達培養(yǎng)能力的意思，所以選 B。
語篇層次題。文章中提到 “Understanding these messages hidden in peple's language can require a lt f skill（理解隱藏在人們語言中的這些信息需要很多技巧）”，后文緊接著介紹 “Je Navarr's bk What EVERY BODY is Saying can help 22 that ability（喬?納瓦羅的《身體語言密碼》這本書能幫助…… 那種能力）”。從語篇整體來看，文章旨在闡述身體語言能傳達很多信息，但理解這些信息需要能力，而這本書的出現(xiàn)就是要助力人們?nèi)ジ玫卣莆者@種理解身體語言所傳達信息的能力，所以這里用 “develp（發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)）”，意味著幫助讀者去提升、培養(yǎng)解讀身體語言信息的能力，契合整個語篇圍繞身體語言以及如何更好理解它這一脈絡展開的內(nèi)容。
24. D：無論是在商業(yè)還是個人生活中與他人 “互動”，識別這些感覺都有助于兼顧雙方利益。“interacting”（互動）符合語境，“cperating”（合作）、“negtiating”（談判）、“investigating”（調(diào)查）都過于片面，不能涵蓋各種與他人打交道的情況，所以選 D。
語篇層次題。文中先是說 “Whether yu are 24 with peple in business r in yur persnal life（無論你在商務中還是個人生活中與人們……）”，后面又提到 “recgnizing these feelings can help yu lk ut fr their interests and yur wn（識別這些情感能幫助你留意他們的和你自己的利益）”。從語篇的角度去理解，整個篇章重點在講述身體語言對于人們了解他人想法、感受的重要性，而此處描述的在商務和個人生活不同場景下，需要一個能體現(xiàn)與他人相處交往且通過這種相處去識別情感、照顧彼此利益的詞，“interacting（互動，交往）” 就很好地契合了這一整體語境，它能涵蓋不同場景下與他人打交道的情況，是順著語篇圍繞身體語言在人際交往中的作用這一核心思路來的。
25. B：根據(jù)后文提到面部表情和手勢可能有多種含義，可知建立一個人行為的基線對于避免 “誤解” 其肢體語言很重要?！癿isinterpreting”（誤解）符合語境，“misguiding”（誤導）、“mistrusting”（不信任）、“mismanaging”（管理不善）均不符合，所以選 B。
語篇層次題。文中先是指出 “establishing a baseline fr hw a persn behaves is imprtant t avid 25 their bdy language.（為一個人的行為建立一個基準對于避免…… 他們的身體語言是很重要的）”，隨后解釋 “Mst facial expressins and gestures can mean several different things（大多數(shù)面部表情和手勢可能意味著幾種不同的情況）”。從語篇理解的層面，整個部分是在講解如何準確通過身體語言去判斷他人想法，因為身體語言的表意具有復雜性，所以才強調(diào)要建立基準，其目的就是避免錯誤解讀，“misinterpreting（誤解，曲解）” 準確地對應了語篇中關于身體語言理解存在難度以及要正確解讀它這一整體內(nèi)容，是基于對這一環(huán)節(jié)在整個語篇中作用的把握來選擇的答案。
34. D：姿勢也 “很重要”?！癿atters”（重要）符合語境，“adjusts”（調(diào)整）、“fllws”（跟隨）、“mves”（移動）均不符合姿勢重要這一語境，所以選 D。
語篇層次題。文中先是在多處舉例介紹身體語言的不同方面，像面部表情、動作等所傳達的信息，接著提到 “And psture als 34. Sitting r standing up straight can shw that smene feels cnfident, while sitting with crssed arms indicates that they feel 35 r uncmfrtable.（姿勢也……。坐直或站直能表明某人感覺自信，而交叉雙臂坐著表明他們感覺…… 或不舒服）”。從語篇的角度出發(fā)，整體是在全面闡述身體語言的各個構成要素及其表意功能，姿勢作為其中一部分，這里用 “matters（有關系，要緊）” 體現(xiàn)出姿勢在整個身體語言體系中的重要性，它和前面所講的面部表情等其他要素一樣，都能傳達人們內(nèi)心的想法和感受，是對語篇圍繞身體語言多方面表意展開論述的補充與完善，所以該題答案是基于語篇對身體語言整體構成及作用的描述來確定的。
2022年1月春考
Artificially sweetened diet drinks make n difference t weight gain and shuld nt be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden cunterparts, accrding t a team f experts, A review f research evidence cncludes there is nthing t supprt claims that sugar free versins f ppular sft drinks can help (4l) _______besity and related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Industry spnsred studies reprting"favurable"assciatins between diet drinks and weight lss may be biased, it claims.
There have been cncerns that diet drinks, knwn as artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), might lead peple t cnsume mre calries by(42) ________sweet flavur taste buds. The new study fund that evidence (43) _________the healthiness f ASBs was incnclusive with randmized cntrlled trials (RCTs) prducing mixed results. Senr investigatr Prfessr Christpher Millett said: "A cmmn perceptin, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have n sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight lss when used as a(n)(44)fr full sugar versins Hwever, we fund n slid evidence t supprt this
The researchers pinted ut that research supprted by fd r beverage cmpanies was mre likely t find n evidence f links between sugary drink (45) _________ and besity than nn-industry spnsred research. Similarly, ASB industry-spnsred research was "mre likely t reprt favurable results and (46) ________ regarding ASB effects n weight cntrl”
In many cases. researchers had failed t disclse (47) __________f interest relating t links with the fd industry. it was claimed. Cauthr Dr Marin Carlina Brges said: “The lack f slid evidence n the health effects f ASBs and the ptential influence f bias frm industry funded studies shuld be taken seriusly when discussing whether ASBs are (48) __________ alternatives t SSBs ( sugar-sweetened beverages)."
Leading British nutritinist Prfessr Susan Jebb said despite the mixed evidence, there was n reasn t believe that replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened (49)________ did any harm She said , “Fr peple seeking t manage their weight , tap water is (50)__________the best drink t chse , fr health and the envirnment , but far many peple wh are used t drinking sugary drinks, this will be l hard a change t (51)_________. Artificially sweetened drinks are a step in the ( 52 )__________ directin t cut calries." Dietitian Prfessr Tm Sanders, was als critical f the research, calling it “an pinin piece rather than a ( n )(53)___________review f the evidence”. He ( 54)____________ “The cnclusin that reduced sugar r sugar-free drinks shuld nt be prmted r seen as part f a healthy diet seems unwarranted and likely t add t public (55 )_____________.”
A. relieve B. ppse C. prevent D. bther
A. inserting B. stimulating C.enhancing D.securing
A. resulting frmB. referring t C.depending nD. relating t
A. SubstituteB.prpsalC.suspectD.implicatin
A. EfficiencyB.cnsumptinC.distributinD.mdernizatin
A. appintmentsB.instructinsC.perfrmancesD.cnclusins
47. A. threatsB. matters C. cnflictsD.appeals
48. A. adequateB.essentialC.availableD. deliberate
49. A initiativesB.alternatives C.bjectivesD.representatives
50. A. withut questinB. beynd descriptin
C. arund the crnerD. in cnsequence
51. A. settleB. rute C. mendD. make
A. wrngB. rightC. prperD. ppsite
53. A. demcraticB. autmaticC. systematicD. dramatic
54. A. transferredB. ranged C. accessedD. added
55. A. fascinatin B. ambitinC.cnfusinD. Islatin
【答案】41-55 CBDAB DCABA DBCDC
【詳解】
41 C [解析]根據(jù)前文 “Artificially sweetened diet drinks make n difference t weight gain and shuld nt be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden cunterparts accrding t a team f expents. (一組專家稱，人工加糖的無糖飲料對增重沒有影，世不應現(xiàn)為比合飲料更健康。)”，再分析選項可知此處說的是無糖再五法報助規(guī)防一些疾。句意為”一項對研究證據(jù)的綜述得出結論，沒有任何上歌支按通行款收的無鵬版本有助于預防(prevent) 肥胖和2型糖尿病等相關藥醒的說社，故選C.relieve v.解除，減輕，緩和: ppse v.反對(計劃、政通)抵: prevent v.防止: 剛止;照碼: bther v.打擾:花費時間精力(做某事）。
42.B[解析]結合前面的“might lead peple t cnsume mre calries(導致人們攝入更多的卡路里)”，分析選項可知，這是甜味味蕾被刺激后的結果，此處句意為“有人擔心，被稱為人工加糖飲料(ASBs)的無糖飲料可能會刺激 (stimulating )人們的甜味味蕾，導致人們攝入更多的卡路里”，故選 B。inserting v.插入;入;stimulating v.促進;激發(fā)，刺激;enhancing v，提高;增強;增進;securing v獲得，取得，實現(xiàn)。
43.D[解析]結合選項，此處用“與 ASBs 健康相關的”更符合語境及邏輯，此處句意為“新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與 ASBs 健康相關的(relating t) 證據(jù)是不確定的，隨機對照試驗(rct)產(chǎn)生了混合的結果”，故選 D。resulting frm 由于;referring t提及;參閱; depending n 依據(jù)，根據(jù);relating t 關于;涉及。
44.A[解析]分析選項，根據(jù)常識可知，為了減肥，人們會將無糖飲料作為全粗飲料的替代品，此處句意為“人們普遍認為，由于“無糖飲料不含糖，所以作為全糖飲料的替代品(substitute)，它們肯定更健康，有助于減肥，這可能是受行業(yè)營銷的影響”，故選A。substitute n.代用品，代替者;代替者;prpsal n.提議建議;求婚;suspect n.犯罪嫌疑人;嫌疑犯;implicatin n.可能的影響(或作用、結果);含意;暗指。
45.B[解析]前面提到為了減肥，人們會將無糖飲料作為全糖飲料的替代品，分析選項可知，此處只有“含糖飲料的消費與肥胖”更符合邏輯及語境。句意為“研究人員指出，與非行業(yè)贊助的研究相比，食品或飲料公司支持的研究更有可能找不到含糖飲料消費(cnsumptin)與肥胖之間聯(lián)系的證據(jù)”，故選 B。efficiency n效率;效能;cnsumptin n.消耗，消耗量;費:distributin n.分配:分布;分發(fā);mdernizatin n.現(xiàn)代化;維新:現(xiàn)代化之事物。
46.D[解析]該詞與“results (結果)”并列，所以它們的意思應該是相近的，分析選項可知此處應選“cnclusins”。句意為“同樣，ASB 行業(yè)費助的研究“更有可能報告關于 ASB 對體重控制效果的有利結果和結論 (cnclusins)“故選 D。appintments n.約會;預約:約定;instructins n.說明書;指示;命令;perfrmance:n.表演;演出:cnclusins n. 結論:推論:結束。
47.C[解析]分析選項，此處用“利益沖突”更符合語境及邏輯，句意為“報告稱，在許多情況下，研究人員未能披露與食品行業(yè)相關的利益沖突(cnflicts)”，故選C。threats n.威脅;恐嚇;兇兆: matters n.課題: 事情; 問題:事態(tài);cnflicts n.爭執(zhí):爭論:(軍事)沖突:戰(zhàn)斗; appeals n. 上訴;申訴;吸引力。
48.A[解析]根據(jù)前面的“The lack f slid evidence n the health effects f ASBs and the ptential influence f bias frm industry funded studies shuld be taken seriusly(應該認真對待 ASB 對健康影響的確鑿證據(jù)以及行業(yè)資助研究的潛在偏見影響)”，再分析選項可知這是在討論 ASB 是否是含糖飲料的合格替代品時應該考慮的問題。句意為“在討論 ASB 是否是含糖飲料的合格 (adequate) 替代品時，應該認真對待 ASB 對健康影響的確鑿證據(jù)以及行業(yè)資助研究的潛在偏見影響”，故選A。adequate ad;.充足的;足夠的;合格的;essential adj.本質(zhì)的;必不可少的: available adj.可獲得的;可購得的;deliberate adj. 故意的;蓄意的;存心的。
49.B[解析]結合前文及語境可推知此處句意為“英國著名營養(yǎng)學家蘇珊·杰布教授說，盡管證據(jù)好壞參半，但沒有理由相信用人工加糖的替代品 (alternatives)取代含糖飲料會有任何傷害”，故選 B。initiatives n.倡議;新方案:主動性:alternatives n.普代品;可供選擇的事物: bjectives n.目標;目的: representatives n.代表;銷售代表。
50.A[解析]自來水就是最好的飲料。結合選項可知作者在此處想要表達的是“對下那些想控制體重的人來說，從健康和環(huán)境的角度來說，自來水無疑 (withut questin)尼最好的飲料選擇”，故選 A。withut questin 毫無疑間(表示強調(diào)自巴的觀點;毫無疑問地;毫無異議地;beynd descriptin 難以形容，無法形容:arund the cmer 在拐角處:即將發(fā)生，在附近: in cnsequence 結果;因此。
51.D[解析]分析選項，“make a change (做出改變)”符合及語境，此處句為“但對于許多習慣喝含糖飲料的人來說，這將是一個太難的改變”，故選 D。settle v.解(分歧、糾紛等): 定居，結來: rute v.按某路線發(fā)送: mend v.修現(xiàn)，修補:縫補;make v.制作，制造，組裝。
52.B[解析] 結合語境及選項可推知此處句意為“人工加糖飲料是朝著減少卡路但的正確(right)方向邊出的一步”，故選 B。 wrng adj.錯誤的，不對的 right adj.正確的;真正的，真實的: prper adj.適當?shù)?，正確的:恰當?shù)? ppsite adj.對面的;另一邊的;相反的。
53.C[解析]根據(jù)前面的“was als critical f the research”可知這個營養(yǎng)學家是對這項研究提出了批評的。分析選項可知此處句意為“營養(yǎng)學家湯姆·桑德斯教授也對這項研究提出了批評,稱其為·一篇觀點文章,而不是對證據(jù)的系統(tǒng)(systematic)回顧”，故選C。 demcratic adj.民主的;民主政體的;民主制度的;autmatic adj.自動的;無意識的;不假思索的;systematic adj.成體系的;系統(tǒng)的;有條理的;dramatic adj.戲劇性的;引人注目的;戲劇的。
54.D[解析]這里還是該教授的觀點，所以該空為“補充道”。此處句意為“他補充道(added)”，故選 D。transferred v.(使)轉(zhuǎn)移，搬遷;(使)調(diào)動;轉(zhuǎn)職;ranged v.(在一定的范圍內(nèi))變化，變動;accessed v.訪問，存取(計算機文件); 到達:進入;使用;added v.增加;加添;補充
55.C[解析]根據(jù)前面的“The cnclusin that reduced sugar r sugar-free drinks shuld nt be prmted r seen as part f a healthy diet seems unwarranted (減小糖或無糖飲料不應該被推廣或視為健康飲食的一部分的結論似乎沒有根據(jù))”，這會導致的結果是“很可能會增加公眾的困惑 (cnfusin)”。故選 C。fascinatin n.魅力;極大的吸引力;入迷;ambitin n.追求的目標:夙愿;野心;cnfusin n.混亂;混淆;困惑;islatin n.隔離，分離;孤立，孤獨。
2021年1月春考
完型填空來源:2017年1月《洛杉磯時報（LATimes）》，講述電動車作為l綠色通勤方式
The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta,is the river valley hill. It's nt particularly steep,but at abut a mile lng,I rarely climbed up withut arriving with sweat. Studies have shwn the prspect f arriving at wrk sweaty is ne f the biggest (41)______ t getting wuld-be bike cmmuters ut f their cars. That's especially true in a city like Ls Angeles,where(42)__ may face lng rutes , hills r ht streets with a lack f shade.
"Pedelec",r pedal electric-assisted bikes like the ne I rde,can end that wrry. They lk and act like traditinal bicycles,but their mtrs make pedaling much easier when required. Smetimes called the mst energy-efficient mtrized mde f transprtatin ever built, they're als incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the utdated attitude that sees bikes nly as a recreatinal athletic pprtunity rather than a practical (43)____ ptin.
At a time when cities acrss Nrth America are struggling t cmbat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissins,e-bikes have the(44) ______ t ease the bth prblems. And yet ridership has yet t truly(45)____.Abut 152,000 e-bikes were sld last year in the U.S.,a figure that wuld be mre than 5 millin if Americans used them at the same rate as western Eurpeans.
Many f the barriers t e-bike (46) ______in Nrth America are legislative. Patchwrk rules treat e-bikes mre like mpeds than traditinal pedal bikes in sme jurisdictins,meaning they are(47)_frm bike lanes and frm barding public transprtatin.
Few places n the cntinent,(48) ______, are better pised t break thrugh barriers than Califrnia. Legislatin was apprved last year t encurage e-bike use,by legally differentiating the cycles frm mpeds. In an attempt t head ff wrries abut turbcharged machines flying dwn sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds,the law classifies bikes int different tiers t (49)___ lwer-speed e-bikes,which tp ut at 20 mph,frm faster-mving"speed pedelecs",which are restricted frm prtected bike paths.
Amid these legislative (50)____, e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer. Finding them in bike shps isn't as(51)____ as it nce was,and their cst has fallen as the price f lithium-in batteries has drpped.Tday,a decent e-bike,while still (52)___, is cmparable in price t a high-end muntain bike. After years f (53)________ver mixing pedal and mtr pwer, cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive directr f the Califrnia Bicycle Calitin, (54)_______ the state's new legislatin based partly n the(55)_______that e-bikes help ut thse wh"just can't ride as far r as fast as they need t".
B.prcesses C.barriers
42. A.ridersB.builders C.custmersD.vlunteers
B. cmmunicatin C.facilities D.transprtatin
B.ptential C.temprary D.majr
44.A. make f B.carry n C.bring up D.take ff
B.adptin C.adjustment D.justificatin
B.alerted C.banned D.authrized
B.unless C.meanwhile D.anyway
C.separate D.satisfy
B.benefits C.limits D.damages
B.critical C.sensatinal D.difficult
B.distinctive C.sensitive D.intensive
B.cncern C.pwer D.scale
B.flded C.referred D.gifted
B.address C.amunt D.advcate
【答案】
41-45. CADBD BCACB DABAD
試題分析
41. C【解析】根據(jù)上文所提及的有關河谷山的描述The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill以及作者對自己相關情況的描述I rarely climbed up withut arriving with sweat可知，此處句意為“研究表明，上班時滿身大汗是讓騎自行車的上班族下車的最大障礙（barriers ）之一”，故選C。advantages n. 有利條件；prcesses n. 過程；barriers n. 障礙；屏障；cmplements n. 補足物；補語。
42.A【解析】結合文章第一句提及的The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill騎自行車上下班可知，此處句意為“那里的車手（riders）可能會面臨長途跋涉” ，故選A。riders n. 騎（馬、自行車等）的人；builders n. 建設者；建筑工人；custmers n. [商業(yè)]客戶；vlunteers志愿者。
43.D【解析】根據(jù)上文提及的作者騎自行車上下班，又結合此處介紹一款新的電動自行車，可推知此處句意為“最大的障礙可能是過時的態(tài)度，認為自行車只是一種娛樂運動機會，而不是一種實用的交通（transprtatin）選擇”，故選D。prductin n. 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量；cmmunicatin n. 表達，交際；facilities n. 工具；設備；transprtatin n. 運輸；交通工具，運輸工具。
44.B【解析】結合上文中提及的電動自行車，以及此處提及的At a time when cities acrss Nrth America are struggling t cmbat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissins，可推知此處應該是說“電動自行車有緩解相關問題的潛在（ptential）可能性”，故選B。rutine adj. 常規(guī)的；日常的；ptential adj. 潛在的；temprary adj. 短暫的；majr adj. 重要的；嚴重的。
45.D【解析】結合下文中提及的相關電動自行車車的銷售數(shù)量和對比，可推知此處表達的是乘客數(shù)量還不夠多，相比較之下，take ff更適合句意，故選D。make f 用…做成；理解；明白；carry n 繼續(xù)做，堅持干；bring up 養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)；take ff脫掉；起飛；突然成功。
46.B【解析】結合上文的相關內(nèi)容，以及下文提及關于電動車使用的相關規(guī)定的可知此處應該是關于電動車的使用規(guī)范，故B項比較合適。adaptatin n. 改編版；適應；adptin n. 收養(yǎng)，領養(yǎng)；adjustment n. 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；justificatin n. 辯解；無過失。
47.C【解析】結合上文提及的 Patchwrk rules treat e-bikes mre like mpeds than traditinal pedal bikes in sme jurisdictins可知，此處句意為“這意味著它們被禁止（banned）在自行車道上行駛和乘坐公共交通工具”，故選C。prved v. 證明；alerted v. 向…報警；使警覺，使戒備；banned v. 禁止；取締；authrized v. 授權，批準，委托。
48.A【解析】結合上文內(nèi)容，以及此處句意非洲大陸上幾乎沒有什么地方比加利福尼亞州更能沖破這些障礙，可推知此處需要填入一個轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，排除C和D項，而相比之下，A項更符合句意。hwever adv. 然而；不管怎樣；cnj.不管怎樣；unless cnj.除非；如果不；meanwhile adv. 同時；在此期間；與之相比；anyway adv. 無論如何；不管怎樣。
49.C【解析】根據(jù)該段中the law classifies bikes int different tiers可知，此處句意為，該法律將自行車分為不同的等級，以區(qū)分（separate）速度較低的電動自行車（最高時速為20英里）和速度較快的“速度行人專用道”，故選C。riginate vi. 起源于，來自；vt. 引起；創(chuàng)始，創(chuàng)作；cmbine vt. 引起；創(chuàng)始，創(chuàng)作；separate v. （使）分開，分離；satisfy v. （使）滿意。
50.B【解析】結合下文 e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer可知，消費者們開始接受電動自行車來，故推知此處句意為“在這些立法上的好處（benefits）中，電動自行車已經(jīng)變得更容易為消費者所接受”，故選B。factrs n. 因素；benefits n. 津貼費；利益；limits n.界限；限度；限額；damages n. 損失。
51.D【解析】結合上文中e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer.可推知此處句意為“在自行車店找到它們不像以前那么困難（difficult）了”，故選D。prper adj. 適宜的；正確的；critical adj. 關鍵的；嚴重的；sensatinal adj. 轟動的；聳人聽聞的；difficult adj. 困難的；問題多的，麻煩的。
52.A【解析】結合文章中的相關表述可知，此處與電動自行車的價格有關，故此處選A項更合適。expensive adj. 昂貴的；distinctive adj. 獨特的；特別的；sensitive adj. 體貼的；敏感的；intensive adj. 加強的，強烈的。
53.B【解析】結合下文中cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt behind e-bikes提及最終的結果，可推知此處句意為“經(jīng)過多年對混合踏板和電機動力的關注（cncern）”，故選B。truble n. 問題，麻煩，困難；cncern n. 擔心；關心；令人擔心的事；pwer n. 權力；能力；scale n. 規(guī)模，等級。
54.A【解析】結合上文提及的cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt ，可知此處加州自行車聯(lián)盟的執(zhí)行董事戴夫·斯奈德對新立法的態(tài)度是支持的，故選A。favred adj. 受到優(yōu)待的；有天賦的；flded adj. 折疊的；referred v. 提到；針對；關系到；請教gifted adj. 有天賦的。
55.D【解析】根據(jù)文章可知，此處講述的是戴夫·斯奈德支持立法的原因，結合他的職位可知，此處句意為“部分原因是他主張（advcate）電動自行車可以幫助那些“不能騎到需要的距離或速度”的人”，故選D。appeal v. 呼吁，懇請；上訴，申訴；address v. 寫（收信人）姓名地址；解決，處理；amunt v. 共計；advcate vt. 擁護；主張。
（四）
（2025年嘉定一模）
Carl Rvelli’s bk, There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, ffers a refreshing perspective n learning, urging readers t pursue curisity and explratin withut wrrying abut practical utcmes. Fr Rvelli, ___21___ isn’t just a means t an end — it’s a way f experiencing the wrld, asking meaningful questins, and cnnecting with thers.
The bk celebrates the jy f learning fr its wn sake, reminding readers that knwledge desn’t need t be tied t a specific ___22___ t be valuable. In tday’s fast-paced wrld, peple ften view educatin as a tl fr ___23___ — getting gd grades, securing a jb, r achieving material gals. Rvelli ___24___ this mindset, shwing that true learning is abut much mre than these practical bjectives. It’s abut bradening yur mind, explring new ideas, and finding ___25___ in the prcess.
Rvelli draws n fascinating stries frm science, histry, and everyday life t make his pint. ___26___ , he reflects n the revlutinary thinkers f the Renaissance (文藝復興時期) wh dared t questin the belief that Earth was the center f the universe. These individuals weren’t ___27___ by prfit r fame; they were mtivated by pure curisity and a desire t understand the wrld. Their discveries didn’t just change science — they ___28___ hw peple viewed their place in the universe. Rvelli uses these examples t shw that the act f learning itself can be ___29___ , inspiring new ways f thinking and seeing the wrld.
Anther key theme in the bk is the cnnectin between learning and wnder. Rvelli believes that curisity is ne f humanity’s greatest ____30____ , and he invites readers t cultivate it by explring tpics that aruse their interest. Whether it’s physics, art, philsphy, r even everyday experiences, the prcess f discvering smething ____31____ can be deeply rewarding. He argues that this sense f wnder is what makes learning wrthwhile — nt the ____32____ it might bring.
Rvelli als emphasizes that learning shuld never be limited by rules r expectatins. Instead, it shuld be a creative, ____33____ jurney. He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn. By ding s, he believes we can ____34____ a deeper understanding f urselves and the wrld arund us.
In There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, Rvelli ffers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just abut facts r ____35____ — it’s abut curisity, wnder, and the jy f discvering new pssibilities.
21. A. kindnessB. thinkingC. learningD. practice
22. A. preferenceB. purpseC. prblemD. cnditin
23. A. cmmunicatinB. successC. cperatinD. survival
24. A. challengesB. maintainC. presentsD. extends
25 A. meaningB. slutinC. cnflictD. distinctin
26. A. What’s mreB. Fr exampleC. As a resultD. On the cntrary
27. A. rejectedB. pursuedC. bservedD. driven
28. A. shiftedB. revealedC. understdD. nticed
29. A. mderateB. apprpriateC. expensiveD. transfrmative
30. A. cnnectinsB. traditinsC. strengthsD. innvatins
31. A. similarB. funnyC. newD. dark
32. A. grwthB. gradesC. uncertaintyD. wisdm
33. A. shrtB. affrdableC. safeD. persnal
34. A. unlckB. cmplicateC. cmplementD. expse
35. A. mtivatinsB. interestsC. resultsD. questins
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了Carl Rvelli的書中強調(diào)了非功利性學習的重要性，鼓勵對知識的追求與探究。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對于Rvelli來說，學習不僅僅是達到目的的手段——它是體驗世界、提出有意義的問題和與他人連接的一種方式。A. kindness善良；B. thinking思維；C. learning學習；D. practice實踐。根據(jù)下文“The bk celebrates the jy f learning fr its wn sake, reminding readers that knwledge desn’t need t be tied t a specific ___2___ t be valuable.”可知，Rvelli在書中頌揚了學習本身的樂趣，所以對于Rvelli來說，學習不僅僅是一種達到目的的手段，學習是一種方式。故選C。
【22題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這本書頌揚了學習本身的樂趣，提醒讀者知識不需要與特定的目的聯(lián)系起來才有價值。A. preference偏好；B. purpse目的；C. prblem問題；D. cnditin條件。根據(jù)下文“Rvelli ___4___ this mindset, shwing that true learning is abut much mre than these practical bjectives.”可知，Rvelli表示真正的學習遠遠不止某些實際的目標，所以此處表示Rvelli的書提醒讀者知識不需要與特定的目的聯(lián)系起來。故選B。
【23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在當今快節(jié)奏的世界里，人們往往將教育視為成功的工具——取得好成績、找到工作或?qū)崿F(xiàn)物質(zhì)目標。A. cmmunicatin溝通；B. success成功；C. cperatin合作；D. survival生存。根據(jù)下文“getting gd grades, securing a jb, r achieving material gals.”以及常識可知，取得好成績、找到工作或?qū)崿F(xiàn)物質(zhì)目標會被視為成功，即教育被視為實現(xiàn)成功的工具。故選B。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Rvelli挑戰(zhàn)這種心態(tài)，展示了真正的學習遠不止這些實際目標。A. challenges挑戰(zhàn)；B. maintain維持；C. presents提出；D. extends擴展。根據(jù)上文“In tday’s fast-paced wrld, peple ften view educatin as a tl fr ___3___ — getting gd grades, securing a jb, r achieving material gals.”以及下文“shwing that true learning is abut much mre than these practical bjectives.”可知，Rvelli的想法與人們常見的觀點不同，所以此處表示Rvelli在挑戰(zhàn)這種過于實用的觀點。故選A。
【25題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是關于拓寬你的思維，探索新的想法，并在這個過程中找到意義。A. meaning意義；B. slutin解決方法；C. cnflict沖突；D. distinctin區(qū)別。根據(jù)上文“It’s abut bradening yur mind, explring new ideas,”以及語境可知，此處表示在拓寬思維探索新想法的過程中找到學習的意義。故選A。
【26題詳解】
考查副詞短語應用。句意：例如，他反思了文藝復興時期的革命性思想家，他們敢于質(zhì)疑地球是宇宙中心的信念。A. What’s mre此外；B. Fr example例如；C. As a result因此；D. On the cntrary相反。根據(jù)上文“Rvelli draws n fascinating stries frm science, histry, and everyday life t make his pint.”以及下文“he reflects n the revlutinary thinkers f the Renaissance (文藝復興時期) wh dared t questin the belief that Earth was the center f the universe.”可知，Rvelli使用具體的故事來闡明自己的觀點，下文進行舉例說明，所以空處應用fr example，表示“例如”。故選B。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些人不是被利益或名聲驅(qū)動的；他們是被純粹的好奇心和了解世界的愿望所驅(qū)動。A. rejected拒絕；B. pursued追求；C. bserved觀察；D. driven驅(qū)動。根據(jù)下文“they were mtivated by pure curisity and a desire t understand the wrld.”可知，此處表示這些人是被好奇心和了解世界的愿望驅(qū)動，而不是被利益或名聲驅(qū)動。故選D。
【28題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅改變了科學，還改變了人們是如何看待自己在宇宙中位置的。A. shifted改變；B. revealed揭示；C. understd理解；D. nticed注意。根據(jù)上文“Their discveries didn’t just change science”以及語境可知，革命思想家們的發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅改變了科學，也改變了人們對于自己在宇宙中的位置的看法。故選A。
【29題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Rvelli用這些例子來展示，學習的行為本身可以是變革性的，鼓舞人們用新的方式思考和看待世界。A. mderate適度的；B. apprpriate適當?shù)?；C. expensive昂貴的；D. transfrmative變革性的。根據(jù)下文“inspiring new ways f thinking and seeing the wrld.”可知，學習可以鼓舞人們用新的方式思考，用新的方式看待世界，所以此處表示學習本身可以是變革性的。故選D。
【30題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Rvelli相信，好奇心是人類最大的優(yōu)勢之一，并邀請讀者通過探索激發(fā)興趣的話題來培養(yǎng)它。A. cnnectins連接；B. traditins傳統(tǒng)；C. strengths優(yōu)勢；D. innvatins創(chuàng)新。根據(jù)下文“he invites readers t cultivate it by explring tpics that aruse their interest.”以及“He argues that this sense f wnder is what makes learning wrthwhile — nt the ___12___ it might bring.”可知，Rvelli相信好奇心是人類的優(yōu)勢，所以會邀請讀者培養(yǎng)好奇心。故選C。
【31題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：無論是物理、藝術、哲學，甚至是日常經(jīng)歷，發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物的過程都可能是非常有回報的。A. similar相似的；B. funny有趣的；C. new新的；D. dark黑暗的。根據(jù)上文“Rvelli believes that curisity is ne f humanity’s greatest ___10___ ,”、下文“He argues that this sense f wnder is what makes learning wrthwhile — nt the ___12___ it might bring.”以及語境可知，此處表示好奇心是人類的優(yōu)勢，所以此處表示發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物，從中獲得驚奇的感覺。故選C。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他認為，正是這種驚奇感讓學習變得有價值，而不是它可能帶來的成績。A. grwth成長；B. grades成績；C. uncertainty不確定性；D. wisdm智慧。根據(jù)上文“In tday’s fast-paced wrld, peple ften view educatin as a tl fr ___3___ — getting gd grades, securing a jb, r achieving material gals.”以及語境可知，此處表示學習本身有價值，而不僅僅在于所取得的成績。故選B。
【33題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，這應該是一次創(chuàng)造性的個人之旅。A. shrt短的；B. affrdable可負擔的；C. safe安全的；D. persnal個人的。根據(jù)上文“Rvelli als emphasizes that learning shuld never be limited by rules r expectatins.”和下文“He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn. By ding s, he believes we can ___14___ a deeper understanding f urselves and the wrld arund us.”可知，學習永遠不應該受到規(guī)則或期望的限制，這應該是有創(chuàng)造性的個人的旅程，深入了解自己和周圍的世界。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過這樣做，他相信我們可以更深入地了解自己和周圍的世界。A. unlck揭開，揭示；B. cmplicate復雜化；C. cmplement補足，補充；D. expse揭露。根據(jù)上文“He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn.”可知，關注自己的興趣，反思自己所學的東西，這會使人更深入了解自己和周圍的世界，unlck a deeper understanding f表示“深入了解”。故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness一書中，Rvelli衷心提醒我們，學習不僅僅是關于事實或結果，而是關于好奇心、好奇心和發(fā)現(xiàn)新可能性的樂趣。A. mtivatins動機；B. interests興趣；C. results結果；D. questins問題。根據(jù)文章開頭“Carl Rvelli’s bk, There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, ffers a refreshing perspective n learning, urging readers t pursue curisity and explratin withut wrrying abut practical utcmes.”可知，Rvelli提醒我們的是，學習不僅僅是關于實際的結果，而是關于學習過程中的樂趣。故選C。
（五）
（2025年虹口一模）
Manufacturing is a ne-way business. Raw materials g int a factry and finished prducts cme ut. Once thse gds are ____21____, prducers usually wash their hands f them. Certainly they d nt wrry that mst f the prducts are eventually burnt r buried in landfill, which ____22____ the planet. In nly 50 years, the wrld’s cnsumptin f raw materials has nearly becme fur times as big, t mre than 100 billin tns, but nly less than 9% f this is reused, resulting in a ____23____ f materials.
Industry des talk abut sustainability and recycling, but much f that is ____24____ intended t imprve brand images. Yet even a cmpany’s prfits can ____25____ being envirnmentally friendly. This is especially s in the case f “gigafactries”, s called because their utput f batteries fr electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hurs (GWh).
Every carmaking cuntry wants gigafactries. Batteries are the cstliest part f an EV, s making them is ____26____ . But they cntain materials that are pricey and can be hard t btain. Supply chains are lng and cmplicated, and buyers risk their reputatin ____27____ by their suppliers’ pr envirnmental and labur standards. ____28____ materials makes sense.
Being ____29____, mst gigafactries are designed with recycling in mind frm the start. The result is a _____30_____ prductin prcess. The idea is that nce _____31_____ reach the ends f their lives, they shuld g back t a factry, where their cmpnents can be recvered and put int new batteries.
Gigafactries are nt yet mdels f the circular ecnmy, but they are laying the fundatins. Nrthvlt, a battery-maker, aims by 2030 t prduce 150GWh f batteries — enugh t pwer sme 2 millin EVs. By then, arund half its raw materials shuld cme frm recycling ld batteries. Nrthvlt is nt _____32_____. Using renewable pwer and ther measures, CATL — the wrld’s biggest prducer f EV batteries — thinks it shuld eventually be pssible t reduce the carbn ftprint f a battery twards zer.
Culd ther industries d smething similar? Fast fashin is widely knwn as a(n) _____33_____ business. It is estimated that the recycling rate fr little-wrn clthing and ftwear is just 13%. A big part f the reasn is the use f mixed fibres, which are hard t recycle. Clthing cmpanies culd, like gigafactries, re-engineer their prcesses t use fibres that are easier t handle. Cnsumer electrnics is anther such _____34_____ that creates piles f waste, despite the fact that electrnic circuits cntaining precius materials such as gld and silver, and electric mtrs being made frm rare earth metals. _____35_____ culd yet be made in the urban mining f last year’s cellphnes and yesterday’s bluses.
21. A. acceptedB. designedC. sldD. stred
22. A. rulesB. savesC. healsD. pllutes
23. A. analysisB. availabilityC. wasteD. variety
24. A. green-washingB. cst-cuttingC. risk-takingD. trend-setting
25. A. add tB. benefit frmC. center arundD. invest in
26. A. innvativeB. affrdableC. prfitableD. inefficient
27. A. being defendedB. being hurtC. being spreadD. being verlked
28. A. ReusingB. RestringC. ReplacingD. Recharging
29. A. bigB. newC. richD. rare
30. A. fullB. primaryC. dmesticD. circular
31. A. batteriesB. factriesC. vehiclesD. suppliers
32. A. alneB. easyC. safeD. fair
33. A. dynamicB. unsustainableC. inacceptableD. cmpetitive
34. A. gigafactryB. businessC. cmpanyD. manufacturer
35. A. ExceptinsB. CmplaintsC. DiscveriesD. Frtunes
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了制造業(yè)中的原材料消耗、可持續(xù)性、回收以及超級工廠在循環(huán)經(jīng)濟中的作用，同時也提到了其他行業(yè)（如快時尚和消費電子產(chǎn)業(yè)）在可持續(xù)性方面面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和可能的解決方案。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦這些商品售出，生產(chǎn)者通常就不再對它們負責。A. accepted接受；B. designed設計；C. sld銷售；D. stred儲存。根據(jù)下文“prducers usually wash their hands f them.”可知，商品一旦售出，生產(chǎn)者就不再負責。故選C。
【22題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們當然不會擔心，因為大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品最終都會被焚燒或填埋，從而污染地球。A. rules統(tǒng)治、支配；B. saves節(jié)??；C. heals治愈；D. pllutes污染。根據(jù)空前“mst f the prducts are eventually burnt r buried in landfill,”可推測，產(chǎn)品焚燒或被填埋后會污染地球。故選D。
【23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在僅僅50年的時間里，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原來的四倍，超過100億噸，但其中只有不到9%被再利用，造成了極大的材料浪費。A. analysis分析；B. availability可用性；C. waste浪費；D. variety多樣性。根據(jù)上文“In nly 50 years, the wrld’s cnsumptin f raw materials has nearly becme fur times as big, t mre than 100 billin tns, but nly less than 9% f this is reused”可知，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原來的四倍，超過100億噸，但其中只有不到9%被再利用。由此可知，這造成了材料的浪費。故選C。
【24題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：工業(yè)界確實在談論可持續(xù)性和回收，但其中很多只是為了改善品牌形象而進行的漂綠行為。A. green-washing漂綠的；B. cst-cutting消減成本的；C. risk-taking冒險的；D. trend-setting引領潮流的。根據(jù)空前“Industry des talk abut sustainability and recycling”以及空后的“t imprve brand images”可知，工業(yè)界的可持續(xù)和回收是為了改善品牌形象而進行的漂綠行為。故選A。
【25題詳解】
考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：然而，即便是公司的利潤也能從環(huán)保中受益。A. add t增加；B. benefit frm從……中受益；C. center arund以……為中心；D. invest in投資于。根據(jù)下文“This is especially s in the case f “gigafactries”, s called because their utput f batteries fr electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hurs (GWh).”以及“Batteries are the cstliest part f an EV, s making them is ____6____ .”可知，公司可以從環(huán)保行為中獲益。故選B。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：電池是電動汽車中最昂貴的部件，因此生產(chǎn)電池利潤豐厚。A. innvative創(chuàng)新的；B. affrdable負擔得起的；C. prfitable有利可圖的；D. inefficient無效的。根據(jù)上文“Batteries are the cstliest part f an EV,”可推測，生產(chǎn)電池有利可賺。故選C。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：供應鏈既長又復雜，買家面臨著因供應商環(huán)境標準和勞工標準低下而損害自身聲譽的風險。A. being defended正在被防御；B. being hurt正在被傷害；C. being spread正在被傳播；D. being verlked正在被忽視。根據(jù)空后“by their suppliers’ pr envirnmental and labur standards.”可知，因為供應商環(huán)境標準和勞工標準低下，買家面臨會有損害自身聲譽的風險。故選B。
【28題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，再利用材料顯得合情合理。A. Reusing再利用；B. Restring修復；C. Replacing替換；D. Recharging充電。根據(jù)上文“But they cntain materials that are pricey and can be hard t btain. Supply chains are lng and cmplicated, and buyers risk their reputatin ____7____ by their suppliers’ pr envirnmental and labur standards.”可推測，由于電池所含的材料價格昂貴且難以獲取等原因，再回收利用電池就很合理。故選A。
【29題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為新興事物，大多數(shù)超級工廠從一開始就在設計上考慮了回收問題。A. big大的；B. new新的；C. rich豐富的；D. rare罕見的。根據(jù)上文“Every carmaking cuntry wants gigafactries.”以及常理可知，超級工廠是新興事物。故選B。
【30題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：結果是形成了一個循環(huán)生產(chǎn)過程。A. full滿的；B. primary主要的；C. dmestic國內(nèi)的；D. circular循環(huán)的。根據(jù)上文“Being ____9____ , mst gigafactries are designed with recycling in mind frm the start.”可知，大多數(shù)超級工廠從一開始就在設計上考慮了回收問題。由此可知，這就形成了一個循環(huán)生產(chǎn)過程。故選D。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個理念是，一旦電池壽命終結，它們就應該被送回工廠，在那里回收其組件并用于制造新電池。A. batteries電池；B. factries工廠；C. vehicles車輛；D. suppliers供應商。根據(jù)下文的“where their cmpnents can be recvered and put int new batteries”中的“batteries”可知，電池壽命終結后就被送回工廠，用于制造新電池。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Nrthvlt并非孤例。A. alne獨自的；B. easy容易的；C. safe安全的；D. fair公平的。根據(jù)下文“Using renewable pwer and ther measures, CATL — the wrld’s biggest prducer f EV batteries — thinks it shuld eventually be pssible t reduce the carbn ftprint f a battery twards zer.”可知，全球最大的電動汽車電池生產(chǎn)商寧德時代（CATL）也利用再生能源和采取其他措施。由此可知，Nrthvlt并非孤例。故選A。
【33題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：快時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)眾所周知是不可持續(xù)的。A. dynamic有活力的；B. unsustainable不可持續(xù)的；C. inacceptable不可接受的；D. cmpetitive有競爭力的。根據(jù)下文“It is estimated that the recycling rate fr little-wrn clthing and ftwear is just 13%.”可知，快時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)的回收率很低，由此可知，快時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)不可持續(xù)。故選B。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：消費電子產(chǎn)業(yè)是另一個產(chǎn)生大量廢物的行業(yè)，盡管其中含有黃金和白銀等貴金屬的電子電路，以及由稀土金屬制成的電動機。A. gigafactry超級工廠；B. business商業(yè)、行業(yè)；C. cmpany公司；D. manufacturer制造商。根據(jù)空后“that creates piles f waste, despite the fact that electrnic circuits cntaining precius materials such as gld and silver, and electric mtrs being made frm rare earth metals.”可知，空處指的是消費電子產(chǎn)業(yè)是另一個產(chǎn)生大量廢物的行業(yè)。故選B。
【35題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從去年的手機和昨天的襯衫中進行城市采礦，仍然有可能獲得巨大的財富。A. Exceptins例外；B. Cmplaints抱怨；C. Discveries發(fā)現(xiàn)；D. Frtunes財富。根據(jù)上文“Cnsumer electrnics is anther such ____14____ that creates piles f waste, despite the fact that electrnic circuits cntaining precius materials such as gld and silver, and electric mtrs being made frm rare earth metals.”可知，電子產(chǎn)品中含有黃金和白銀等貴金屬的電子電路，以及由稀土金屬制成的電動機。由此可知，從去年的手機和昨天的襯衫中進行城市采礦可以獲得財富。故選D。
（六）
（2025年長寧一模）
Health care is a necessity fr everyne, but nt everyne has equal access t it. Peple in rural cmmunities in particular face barriers t medical care that d nt affect peple in cities. This is true bth in develped cuntries and in the develpments and nnprfit rganizatins are wrking t address the ____21____.
One barrier t rural health care is ____22____. Rural cmmunities are ____23____ far frm ppulatin centers, which means mst small twns d nt have large hspitals, s rural peple need t travel lng distances t see dctrs. Rural areas als usually lack public transprtatin, which wrsens the prblem.
Even if there is a hspital in a rural cmmunity, dctrs ften prefer t live in larger cities, s finding ____24____ can be challenging. Rural hspitals especially tend t lack specialists. Since each specialist nly sees a small prtin f the ttal number f patients, many hspitals ____25____ that they d nt have enugh patients wh need the specialist t emply ne. ____26____, the patients wh d need the specialist are frced t travel lng distances r g withut necessary treatment. In additin, in many cuntries, peple in rural areas are mre likely t live in pverty and struggle t pay fr health care than urban residents.
A variety f develpments may help ____27____ sme f these prblems. One significant ne is telehealth—using technlgy such as vide cnferences t allw patients t speak with dctrs in ____28____. Using telehealth, dctrs cannt run tests r examine patients up clse. The technlgy, ____29____, can be useful fr mental health care, fllw-up appintments after surgery and the mnitring f enduring health issues.
Smetimes if patients cannt travel t a clinic, the clinic will g t them. ______30______ health clinics are used in sme areas t reach peple wh have truble ging t see a dctr. These traveling health units are ften ______31______ than hspitals as well because they d nt pay fr as many facilities.
Small rural hspitals that lack financial resurces smetimes cnsider ______32______ larger netwrks that have access t better technlgy. These larger netwrks can als help rural hspitals bring n bard new staff.
Sme cuntries try t mtivate dctrs t wrk in rural areas, ffering slightly higher salaries r ther benefits t thse willing t ______33______ utside cities. They may als reward hspitals based n effectiveness in helping patients, ______34______ paying hspitals based n the number f prcedures they perfrm. This culd reduce csts fr patients.
While the prblem f rural healthcare is ______35______, these initiatives may help prvide necessary treatment fr peple utside majr cities.
21. A. affectinB. medicatinC. inequalityD. necessity
22. A. pvertyB. envirnmentC. administratinD. transprtatin
23. A. by chanceB. by definitinC. by cntrastD. by necessity
24. A. ptential patientsB. public serviceC. medical staffD. reputable experts
25. A. cncludeB. predictC. demandD. prpse
26. A. SubsequentlyB. HweverC. MeanwhileD. Cnsequently
27. A. sustainB. lessenC. detectD. indicate
28. A. depressed areasB. mnitred centresC. ther lcatinsD. brder regins
29. A. mreverB. therwiseC. therefreD. nevertheless
30. A. MdernB. MbileC. MechanicalD. Multiple
31. A. cheaperB. less crwdedC. fancierD. mre endurable
32. A. transitining tB. cmpeting againstC. partnering withD. investing in
33. A. relaxB. practiceC. specializeD. vlunteer
34. A. as ppsed tB. as well asC. regardless fD. prir t
35. A. slvableB. urgentC. criticalD. cmplex
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了農(nóng)村醫(yī)療的困難和復雜性以及解決措施。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家都是如此，非營利組織正在努力解決這一不平等問題。A. affectin感情；B. medicatin 藥物；C. inequality不平等；D. necessity 必需品。根據(jù)上文“Peple in rural cmmunities in particular face barriers t medical care that d nt affect peple in cities”可知，非營利組織正在努力解決不平等問題。故選C項。
【22題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：農(nóng)村醫(yī)療保健的一個障礙是交通。A. pverty貧困；B. envirnment環(huán)境；C. administratin管理；D. transprtatin交通。根據(jù)下文“s rural peple need t travel lng distances t see dctrs”可知，交通是個障礙。故選D項。
【23題詳解】
考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)定義，農(nóng)村社區(qū)遠離人口中心，這意味著大多數(shù)小城鎮(zhèn)沒有大醫(yī)院，因此農(nóng)村居民需要走很遠的路去看醫(yī)生。A. by chance偶然；B. by definitin按照定義；當然地；明顯地；C. by cntrast對比；D. by necessity由于無法改變的條件。根據(jù)下文“far frm ppulatin centers, which means mst small twns d nt have large hspitals”可知，這是對農(nóng)村醫(yī)療條件的定義。故選B項。
【24題詳解】
考查名詞短語詞義辨析。句意：即使在農(nóng)村社區(qū)有醫(yī)院，醫(yī)生往往更喜歡住在大城市，所以尋找醫(yī)務人員可能是一個挑戰(zhàn)。A. ptential patients潛在患者；B. public service公共服務；C. medical staff醫(yī)護人員；D. reputable experts信譽良好的專家。根據(jù)上文“dctrs ften prefer t live in larger cities”可知，尋找醫(yī)務人員可能是一個挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項。
【25題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：由于每個?？漆t(yī)生只能接診所有患者中的一小部分，許多醫(yī)院斷定他們沒有足夠的患者需要?？漆t(yī)生，因此不雇傭?qū)？漆t(yī)生。A. cnclude 斷定，推斷出；B. predict預測；C. demand要求；D. prpse建議。根據(jù)上文“Since each specialist nly sees a small prtin f the ttal number f patients”可知，許多醫(yī)院斷定他們沒有足夠的患者需要?？漆t(yī)生。故選A項。
【26題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，確實需要專科醫(yī)生的病人被迫長途跋涉，或者沒有得到必要的治療。A. Subsequently隨后；B. Hwever然而；C. Meanwhile與此同時；D. Cnsequently因此。根據(jù)句意可知，前后句子為因果關系。故選D項。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：各種各樣的發(fā)展可能有助于減輕其中的一些問題。A. sustain維持；B. lessen減少；C. detect發(fā)現(xiàn)；D. indicate表明。根據(jù)上文“A variety f develpments”可知，各種各樣的發(fā)展可能有助于減輕其中的一些問題。故選B項。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞短語詞義辨析。句意：其中一個重要的是遠程醫(yī)療——利用視頻會議等技術，病人可以與其他地方的醫(yī)生交談。A. depressed areas落后地區(qū)；B. mnitred centres監(jiān)控中心；C. ther lcatins其他地點；D. brder regins邊境地區(qū)。根據(jù)下文“Using telehealth, dctrs cannt run tests r examine patients up clse”以及常識可知，利用視頻會議等技術，病人可以與其他地方的醫(yī)生交談。故選C項。
【29題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這項技術對心理健康護理、手術后的隨訪預約和長期健康問題的監(jiān)測都很有用。A. mrever此外；B. therwise否則；C. therefre因此；D. nevertheless然而。根據(jù)句意可知，前后句子為轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故選D項。
【30題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在一些地區(qū)，流動診所被用來幫助那些難以去看醫(yī)生的人。A. Mdern現(xiàn)代的；B. Mbile活動的，可移動的；C. Mechanical 機械（方面）的；D. Multiple多個的，多種的。根據(jù)下文“These traveling health units”可知，這里指流動診所。故選B項。
【31題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些移動醫(yī)療機構通常也比醫(yī)院便宜，因為它們不需要為許多設施付費。A. cheaper更便宜的；B. less crwded不擁擠的；C. fancier更華麗的；D. mre endurable更耐用。根據(jù)下文“because they d nt pay fr as many facilities.”可知，這些移動醫(yī)療機構通常也比醫(yī)院便宜。故選A項。
【32題詳解】
考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：缺乏財政資源的小型農(nóng)村醫(yī)院有時會考慮與能夠獲得更好技術的大型網(wǎng)絡合作。A. transitining t轉(zhuǎn)向；B. cmpeting against競爭；C. partnering with合作；D. investing in投資。根據(jù)下文“These larger netwrks can als help rural hspitals bring n bard new staff.”可知，缺乏財政資源的小型農(nóng)村醫(yī)院有時會考慮與能夠獲得更好技術的大型網(wǎng)絡合作。故選C項。
【33題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一些國家試圖鼓勵醫(yī)生到農(nóng)村地區(qū)工作，為那些愿意在城市以外從事專業(yè)工作的醫(yī)生提供略高的工資或其他福利。A. relax放松；B. practice從業(yè)；C. specialize專門；D. vlunteer志愿。根據(jù)上文“ffering slightly higher salaries”可知，一些國家試圖鼓勵醫(yī)生到農(nóng)村地區(qū)工作。故選B項。
【34題詳解】
考查短語詞義辨析。句意：他們還可能根據(jù)幫助病人的有效性來獎勵醫(yī)院，而不是根據(jù)醫(yī)院執(zhí)行的手術數(shù)量來支付費用。A. as ppsed t相反；B. as well as以及；C. regardless f不管；不顧；D. prir t之前。根據(jù)上文“They may als reward hspitals based n effectiveness in helping patients”以及下文“paying hspitals based n the number f prcedures they perfrm.”可知，表示相反的情況。故選A項。
【35題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然農(nóng)村醫(yī)療問題很復雜，但這些舉措可能有助于為大城市以外的人提供必要的治療。A. slvable可解決的；B. urgent緊急的；C. critical關鍵的；D. cmplex復雜的。根據(jù)上文的敘述了可知，提到了醫(yī)療人員短缺，交通問題，貧困問題，所以農(nóng)村醫(yī)療問題很復雜。故選D項。

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