目錄
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 題型綜述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 題型01 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題3
\l "_Tc148898654" 題型02 因果推斷題5
\l "_Tc148898655" 題型03 態(tài)度及觀點判斷題6
\l "_Tc148898656" 題型04 猜測及想象推理題7
題型05 寫作意圖推理 \l "_Tc148898656" 題8
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考練場 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 10
\l "_Tc148898657" 變式演練 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 18
題型簡介
推理判斷題是高考英語閱讀理解中的重要題型，著重考查考生在理解文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，對文章深層含義的推理和判斷能力。它要求考生依據(jù)文章提供的信息，通過邏輯推理、歸納總結(jié)、分析判斷等思維過程，得出文章隱含的意義、作者的意圖、觀點態(tài)度等內(nèi)容。這種題型難度相對較高，因為答案不能直接從原文中獲取，需要考生具備較強(qiáng)的綜合理解能力。
文章題材廣泛，無論是記敘文、說明文還是議論文都可能涉及推理判斷題?？忌枰诶斫馕恼轮黝}、結(jié)構(gòu)、細(xì)節(jié)等多方面內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推斷。
命題類型
推斷隱含意義：這類題目要求考生從文章的字里行間推斷出沒有明確表述的深層含義。例如，通過對人物的語言、行為和所處環(huán)境的描寫，推斷出人物的性格特征或潛在情感；或者根據(jù)事件的發(fā)展，推測事件可能帶來的潛在影響。通常提問方式有 “What can be inferred frm the passage ”“The passage implies that...”
推斷作者意圖：主要是判斷作者寫這篇文章的目的，是為了提供信息（infrm）、進(jìn)行娛樂（entertain）、表達(dá)觀點（express pinins）、發(fā)出呼吁（appeal）還是其他意圖。例如，在一篇關(guān)于環(huán)保問題的文章中，作者可能是在呼吁人們關(guān)注環(huán)境，減少污染。提問方式如 “What's the authr's purpse in writing this passage?”“The authr's intentin is t...”
推斷觀點態(tài)度：要求考生領(lǐng)會作者或文中人物對某一事物的看法或態(tài)度，這種態(tài)度可能是積極的（psitive）、消極的（negative）、中立的（neutral）、懷疑的（skeptical）等。例如，通過分析作者在描述某個新科技產(chǎn)品時所使用的詞匯，如 “remarkable”“grund - breaking” 可能表示作者持積極態(tài)度；而 “prblematic”“cntrversial” 可能暗示消極或質(zhì)疑的態(tài)度。提問方式有 “What's the authr's attitude ”“The tne f the passage can be described as...”
預(yù)測文章后續(xù)內(nèi)容或事件發(fā)展趨勢：根據(jù)文章已有的內(nèi)容和情節(jié)發(fā)展，猜測接下來可能發(fā)生的事情或者文章下一部分可能討論的主題。比如，在一個故事的情節(jié)發(fā)展到主人公面臨一個艱難的抉擇時，題目可能會問 “What's likely t happen next accrding t the passage?”
解題思路
立足原文內(nèi)容：推理判斷必須以文章內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，不能脫離原文進(jìn)行主觀臆斷。仔細(xì)閱讀文章，理解文章的主題、結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)節(jié)信息，找出與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵部分。
尋找線索和暗示：關(guān)注文章中的關(guān)鍵詞、連接詞、修辭手法等，這些可能是推理的重要線索。例如，“hwever”“therefre” 等連接詞可以幫助我們理解作者的思路和觀點變化；比喻、象征等修辭手法可能暗示作者的情感傾向。
分析邏輯關(guān)系：考慮文章中的因果、對比、類比等邏輯關(guān)系。如果文章提到某種現(xiàn)象是由某個原因引起的，那么在推理時可以依據(jù)這個因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷；如果是對比不同事物的特點，就可以從對比中得出對這些事物的評價。
排除干擾選項：對于不符合原文邏輯和信息的選項要果斷排除。有些選項可能本身內(nèi)容正確，但與題目要求的推理判斷無關(guān)；有些選項可能是過度推斷，超出了原文所提供的范圍。
命題方式
【常見考法】推理題經(jīng)常使用的提問方式有：
It can be inferred/ cncluded that _________.
Which f the fllwing cnclusins can we draw accrding t the passage?
In which f the fllwing publicatin wuld this passage mst likely be printed?
The passage implies, but desn’t directly state that _________.
The writer suggests that _________.
What’s the authr’s attitude tward _________?
The writer prbably feels that _________.
The authr uses the examples f... t shw that _________.
除此之外，還要注意幾個誤區(qū)：
①原文信息的簡單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來的結(jié)論。
②文中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論。
③與文章內(nèi)容不符的推論或相反的推論。
④不合常理或不合邏輯的推論。
⑤雖然符合考生的常識，但文中并沒有支撐的依據(jù)。
題型01 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題

要求考生根據(jù)語篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識進(jìn)行推理判定?？忌挥姓_把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，才可能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。一般題干主要包括六個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，cnclude(作出結(jié)論)和assume(假定，設(shè)想)。
（2025年浦東新區(qū)一模）
It was hard t get infrmatin abut what was ging n acrss Asheville. Within hurs, we lst pwer, Internet and even cell service. A neighbr tld me we culd get infrmatin n the radi, s I sat in my car t listen t the lcal radi statin’s updates. That’s hw I learned that the water wasn’t safe t drink. The treatment plant was under eight feet f water and the distributin pipes had washed away.
38.What can be inferred frm paragragh 5?
A. Timely access t infrmatin is imprtant during a disaster.
B. The treatment plant is suppsed t be built deep underwater.
C. Peple must depend n neighbrs fr survival in a disaster.
D. Prtecting water resurces prmtes a sense f cmmunity.
【答案】38. A
【38 題詳解】
推理判斷題。第五段主要講述了因為颶風(fēng)，作者所在的地方很快失去了電力、網(wǎng)絡(luò)甚至手機(jī)信號，很難獲取信息，后來通過聽收音機(jī)才得知水不安全等重要信息。由此可以推斷出在災(zāi)難期間及時獲取信息是很重要的。故選 A。

題型02 因果推斷題

要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因。考生要正確把握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。它的首要呈現(xiàn)方法如下:
1.階段(含首段)榜首句假如表達(dá)一種因果聯(lián)系，一般為考點。
2.文章中細(xì)節(jié)性的因果聯(lián)系---一般由一些表明因果聯(lián)系的詞匯手法表達(dá)。
(1)表明因果聯(lián)系的名詞：basis (依據(jù)), result, cnsequence, reasn;
(2)表明因果聯(lián)系的動詞：result in (結(jié)果), result frm (因為，由……), fllw frm (……結(jié)果), base…n… (以……為根底), be due t (因為);
(3)表明因果聯(lián)系的連詞或介詞：because, since, fr, as, therefre, s, thus, why, with;
(4)表明因果聯(lián)系的副詞：as a result, cnsequently等。
（2025年徐匯一模）
Keller’s research adds a significant piece t the still-incmplete puzzle f shark bilgy. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due t mstly verfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migratin patterns f sharks can help us understand what arcas t prtect when managing marine spaces.
45. Frm the passage, we can infer that Keller’s research is significant because it ________.
A. prvides a new methd fr capturing sharks.
B. supprts the idea that sharks’ migratin patterns are randm.
C. adds crucial infrmatin t ur understanding f shark bilgy.
D. suggests that sharks shuld be prtected frm verfishing.
【答案】 45. C
【45題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Keller’s research adds a significant piece t the still-incmplete puzzle f shark bilgy.(凱勒的研究為尚不完整的鯊魚生物學(xué)之謎增添了重要的一環(huán))”可推知，凱勒的研究重要是因為Keller的研究為我們理解鯊魚生物學(xué)增添了至關(guān)重要的信息。故選C。
（2025年虹口一模）
Despite high rates f innumeracy (數(shù)學(xué)盲), there are reasns t think that peple may nt disengage when they receive numbers. First, multiple past studies shw that peple ften prefer getting numerical details ver vague descriptin r purely verbal cmmunicatin. Peple als trust messages prvided by medical prfessinals r jurnalists mre when that cmmunicatin includes numbers than when it des nt. The use f specific numbers signals expertise t readers.
S whether yu’re an envirnmentalist seeking t cmmunicate mre effectively ver scial media r lking fr strategies t persuade family ver the dinner table, there are a few lessns here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically abut data presentatin. When talking abut climate change, include sme prpsed actin. Given that past wrk suggests that sharing numbers builds trust, yur readers r listeners may be mre likely t fllw yur recmmendatins. When used wisely, numbers can help transfrm anxiety int actin, which culd help turn the tide in ur fight against climate change.
43. Accrding t the passage, what can numbers d when they are used t illustrate climate change?
A. They can aruse peple’s anxiety abut math.
B. They leave the audience even mre cnfused.
C. They help make the message mre credible.
D. They dn’t really change hw peple feel.
45. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is an effective climate message?
A. Sea level rise: a ticking time bmb fr castal cities!
B. Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% n carbn emissins!
C. 50% f species lst: a warning frm climate change!
D. Plant mre trees tday, enjy fresher air tmrrw!
【答案】43. C 45. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了數(shù)字在氣候變化傳播中作用，包括其增強(qiáng)信息可信度的優(yōu)點以及可能引發(fā)的焦慮等缺點，并給出了如何有效使用數(shù)字進(jìn)行氣候傳播的建議。
【43題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Peple als trust messages prvided by medical prfessinals r jurnalists mre
when that cmmunicatin includes numbers than when it des nt. The use f specific numbers signals expertise t readers.(當(dāng)交流中包含數(shù)字時，人們也更信任醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員或記者提供的信息，而不是不包含數(shù)字的信息。特定數(shù)字的使用向讀者傳達(dá)了專業(yè)知識)”可知，人們更信任包含數(shù)字的信息。由此推知，當(dāng)數(shù)字被用來闡述氣候變化時，它們可以讓信息顯得更加可靠。故選C項。
【45題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“S whether yu’re an envirnmentalist seeking t cmmunicate mre effectively ver scial media r lking fr strategies t persuade family ver the dinner table, there are a few lessns here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically abut data presentatin. When talking abut climate change, include sme prpsed actin.(因此，無論你是一位希望在社交媒體上更有效地進(jìn)行交流的環(huán)保主義者，還是正在尋找在餐桌上說服家人的策略，這里都有一些經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)。找到關(guān)鍵的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)并分享它。從戰(zhàn)略角度考慮數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)方式。在談?wù)摎夂蜃兓瘯r，提出一些行動建議)”可知，有效的氣候信息應(yīng)該包含關(guān)鍵的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)和具體的行動建議。B項“Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% n carbn emissins!(每天騎行5英里，減少50%的碳排放!)”給出關(guān)鍵的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，且提出了具體的行動建議，符合有效氣候信息的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選B項。
題型03 態(tài)度及觀點判斷題

高考閱讀測試中有些是考查考生對作者的主導(dǎo)思想，被描寫人物語氣，言談話語中流露的情緒，性格傾向和作者或文中人物態(tài)度，觀點等方面的理解題。
（2025年閔行一模）
In September 2020, Park launched GreenThread — her sustainable fashin dream came true. The stre's special tuch? It sld upcycled clthing and fabric made frm waste materials. Custmers culd bring in their ld clthes and trade them fr stre credit, giving the items a secnd life. GreenThread's clthes were a mix f repurpsed fabrics and ec-friendly dyes, prving that sustainable fashin can be stylish.
When the pandemic（疫情） hit, it wasn't smth sailing. But Park wasn't ready t call it quits. She switched t an nline mdel and started ffering virtual style cnsultatins. The respnse was awesme, and GreenThread's fan base grew as mre peple realized the benefits f shpping sustainably.
38. Which f the fllwing best describes Park's attitude twards her business?
A. Optimistic and practical. B. Carefree and relaxed.
C. Fcused and cautius. D. Creative and determined.
【答案】38. D
【38 題詳解】
推理判斷題。Park 創(chuàng)立了 GreenThread 這樣獨特的可持續(xù)時尚商店，通過售賣升級再造服裝和讓顧客以舊換新等方式，體現(xiàn)了她的創(chuàng)新性。當(dāng)疫情來襲，她沒有放棄，而是轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫€上模式并提供虛擬風(fēng)格咨詢，這表明她的決心。所以 Park 對自己事業(yè)的態(tài)度是有創(chuàng)造性且堅定的，答案選 D。
題型04 猜測想象推理題

有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明，要求考生根據(jù)語篇，對事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行猜測推理和想象，一般難度較大。做這類題目應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路和文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)等，從而作出比較科學(xué)的預(yù)測。
這類題目常見的設(shè)問形式有：
What d yu think will happen when/if ________?
At the end f this passage, the writer might cntinue t write ________.
The paragraph fllwing the passage will mst prbably be abut ________.
Which f the fllwing statements is mst likely t be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph?
（2025年徐匯一模）
Carline Rbbins knew that the first day f schl was very, very imprtant. Why? Because that was the day when yu chse where yu wuld sit fr the entire year. Carline realized that in sme classes this chice wuld be made fr her. The teacher wuld place students in alphabetical (按字母順序的) rder, meaning she wuld have t sit in frnt f Zach Rdgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Carline, and wuld distract her frm her wrk by passing ntes and telling jkes t impress her. In general, being a Rbbins was pretty gd, but having t sit in frnt f Zach was definitely a drawback.
In her ther classes, thugh, Carline wuld be sure t chse just the right seat. Carline liked t think f herself as ne f the cl kids, but she als did well in schl and liked learning. S, Carline wanted t sit clse t the cl kids, but nt t clse, r she wuld be mre interested in talking than paying attentin. She als knew that it was gd t be friends with the smart kids, because they culd help Carline with her schlwrk. Hwever, she
didn’t want t sit t clse t the smart kids. Unfrtunately, at Carline’s schl, the smart kids and the cl kids were nt the same kids.
37. What can be inferred frm paragraph 2?
A. Carline was ften seen as a cl kid, nt a smart kid.
B. Carline wanted t be the nly smart kid in her schl.
C. If Carline was seen as a smart kid, n ne wuld think she was cl.
D. Carline’s schl was unusual in that smart kids were als cl.
【答案】 37. C
【37題詳解】
推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Unfrtunately, at Carline’s schl, the smart kids and the cl kids were nt the same kids. (不幸的是，在Carline的學(xué)校里，聰明的孩子和酷的孩子并不是同一批人)”可知，在Carline的學(xué)校，聰明的孩子和酷的孩子不是同一批孩子。由此可以推斷出，如果Carline被認(rèn)為是聰明的孩子，那么就不會有人認(rèn)為她是酷的孩子。故選C。
題型05 寫作意圖推測題

此題型要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，在復(fù)雜的語境條件下把握作者的思路，推測作者隱藏的思想及真正的寫作意圖及運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實和形象，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見。此類題屬于得分率較低的高難度題。
寫作意圖推測題的常見設(shè)問方式有：
Fr what purpse did the authr write the passage?
The writer writes this passage in rder t _________.
The purpse f the text is t _________.
What is the purpse f the last part f the text?
The writer uses…in the first paragraph t ________.
The writer uses the example f….t _________.
（2025年楊浦一模）
Neurdiversity is a term that refers t the natural range f differences in peple’s brains. The neurdiversity mvement says that the brains that wander frm the average within that range shuldn’t be dismissed as insufficient autmatically. The term dates back t the autism (自閉癥) cmmunity in the 1990s, thugh it’s nw applied t all srts f mental differences. In the past, “autism was widely seen as an individual medical tragedy,” says Rbert Chapman, a neurdivergent (腦功能異于常人的) philspher with autism, “The nly hpe fr autistic peple and ur families, it was thught, was that we wuld ne day be fixed thrugh behaviral r bimedical interventin.”
Crucially, the neurdiversity mvement allws neurdivergent peple t transfrm their thinking abut themselves. “The dminant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me smehw tragic, brken, and in need f fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 bk. “This was why I fund discvering neurdiversity mvement, which ffered a different analysis, s liberating.”
46. The main purpse f the article is t ______.
A. intrduce the effective treatment methds fr autism
B. explain the histry and significance f the neurdiversity mvement
C. argue fr the necessity f prmting the neurdiversity mvement
D. criticize the wrng fcus f research in understanding autism
【答案】46. B
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Neurdiversity is a term that refers t the natural range f differences in peple’s brains. The neurdiversity mvement says that the brains that wander frm the average within that range shuldn’t be dismissed as insufficient autmatically.(神經(jīng)多樣性是一個術(shù)語，指的是人類大腦的自然差異范圍。神經(jīng)多樣性運動表示，在這個范圍內(nèi)偏離平均水平的大腦不應(yīng)該被自動視為不充分)”可知，這句話引出神經(jīng)多樣性這一話題，接下來文章圍繞神經(jīng)多樣性運動展開，解釋了其歷史、意義和影響。由此推知，文章的主要目的是解釋神經(jīng)多樣性運動的歷史和意義。故選B項。
(A)
(上海市實驗學(xué)校2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三英語月考)
The wrd “brainstrming” depicts a visin f hell. It is smene saying, “Fire up the brainwaves barbecue.” It is trying desperately t wrk ut where everyne else’s cursrs (光標(biāo)) have gne n a digital whitebard. Yet brainstrming persists, and fr decent reasns. Getting a grup f peple tgether is an pprtunity t explit different viewpints. S why is brainstrming ften s painful?
The prblem is that brainstrming must strike a balance between a series f cmpeting necessities. One tensin is between creativity and feasibility. A brainstrm is meant t be freeing, a chance t ask ut-f-the-bx questins. But it is als meant t prduce suggestins that can actually be translated int reality, which calls fr a mre dwn-t-earth style f thinking.
A secnd tensin is between managers and nnmanagers. By its nature brainstrming is insiderish. Smene has t arrange the sessin, and that persn is ften the manager f a team. If decisin-makers are nt in the rm, then the suspicin will grw that time is being wasted. If they are, then hierarchies (等級制度) easily becme the sptlight: gd ideas can shrink with a frwn frm the bss, and bad nes can survive with a nd.
A related issue cncerns the presence f utsiders. There is a natural temptatin t keep drawing n the same senir peple within an rganizatin t generate ideas: these are the nes wh get things dne, wh understand a cmpany’s strategy. Yet researches suggest that utsiders bring a fresh perspective. That might be peple frm related industries. It might als be middle managers r frntline emplyees wh have direct cntact with custmers.
A third balance t strike is between different persnalities and different styles f thinking. A new paper frm researchers at Stanfrd Graduate Schl f Business finds that brainstrming n Zm cmes at a cst t creativity: as peple’s visual fcus narrws n the screen in frnt f them, their cgnitive range als seems t becme mre limited. But if in-persn gatherings are better, they als d nt wrk equally well fr everyne. Sme persnalities are immediately cmfrtable saying what they think; thers need t be persuaded t share their pinins.
These are knwn prblems, and there are plenty f ideas ut there t slve them. “Figure-strming” is a way fr peple t cmbat grup-think by pretending t be an influential persn trying t address the prblems. Sme simpler rules are much mre likely t help. Define the limits f a brainstrming sessin upfrnt. Try t make a specific thing wrk better rather than t sht fr the Mn. Invlve peple yu dn’t knw, as well as thse yu d. Start by getting peple t write their ideas dwn in silence, s extrverts and bsses have less chance t dminate. And be clear abut the next steps after the sessin is ver; the attractin f hlding a “design sprint (沖刺)”, a weeklng, clear-the-diary way fr a team t develp and test prduct prttypes, is that the thread cnnecting ideas t utcmes is tight. All f them wuld make brainstrming a little mre thught-prvking and less heart-sinking.
43. By saying “The wrd ‘brainstrming’ depicts a visin f hell”, the authr prbably means ________.
A. the brainwaves barbecue can be misleading
B. it’s hard t figure ut thers’ perspectives
C. brainstrming triggers hatred amng peple
D. bsses explit staff’s brainpwer mercilessly
44. “________” qualifies as an ut-f-the-bx questin.
A. What are yu talking abut? We wrk at a salad chain.
B. Is there any pint in inviting utsiders t brainstrming?
C. Hw wuld the British queen imprve n clud cmputing?
D. Wuldn’t it be great if peple had artificial tails when diving?
45. What can be inferred frm the study by Stanfrd Graduate Schl f Business?
A. Online cnferences hld the participants’ attentin better than in-persn gatherings.
B. Peple’s cgnitive range seems t limit their visual fcus t the screen at nline meetings.
C. Fruitful brainstrming invlves taking different persnalities and thinking mdes int accunt.
D. In-persn gatherings liberate brainstrming participants’ creativity despite varius persnalities.
46. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Varius slutins t the prblems with brainstrming.
B. Hw “figure-strming” cntributes t brainstrming.
C. Reasns why brainstrming sessins are painful.
D. Thught-prvking versus heart-sinking.
【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了頭腦風(fēng)暴這一概念，討論了造成頭腦風(fēng)暴痛苦的原因及其解決辦法，通過分析其內(nèi)環(huán)的平衡點如創(chuàng)造力和可行性、管理者和非管理者、不同個性和思維風(fēng)格的沖突，提出了改善頭腦風(fēng)暴過程的一些技巧和方法。
【43題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“The wrd “brainstrming” depicts a visin f hell. It is smene saying, “Fire up the brainwaves barbecue.” It is trying desperately t wrk ut where everyne else’s cursrs (光標(biāo)) have gne n a digital whitebard. (“頭腦風(fēng)暴”一詞描繪了地獄的景象。有人說，“啟動腦電波燒烤?！彼疵叵肱宄渌说墓鈽?biāo)在數(shù)字白板上的位置)”可知，作者說“The wrd ‘brainstrming’ depicts a visin f hell. (“頭腦風(fēng)暴”一詞描繪了地獄的景象)”可知，因為在集體頭腦風(fēng)暴時，人們很難弄清楚其他人在數(shù)字白板上光標(biāo)的位置，即很難理解他人的觀點。故選B項。
【44題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“A brainstrm is meant t be freeing, a chance t ask ut-f-the-bx questins. But it is als meant t prduce suggestins that can actually be translated int reality, which calls fr a mre dwn-t-earth style f thinking. (頭腦風(fēng)暴意味著解放，一個提出開箱即用的問題的機(jī)會。但它也意味著提出可以轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實的建議，這需要一種更務(wù)實的思維方式)”可知，文中提到頭腦風(fēng)暴應(yīng)該是一個機(jī)會去提出“ut-f-the-bx”的問題，而且這類問題是一個可以轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實的建議，并體現(xiàn)務(wù)實的思維方式。由此推知，選項D“Wuldn’t it be great if peple had artificial tails when diving? (如果人們在潛水時有人工尾巴，那豈不是很棒？)符合題意。故選D項。
【45題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“A third balance t strike is between different persnalities and different styles f thinking. A new paper frm researchers at Stanfrd Graduate Schl f Business finds that brainstrming n Zm cmes at a cst t creativity: as peple’s visual fcus narrws n the screen in frnt f them, their cgnitive range als seems t becme mre limited. But if in-persn gatherings are better, they als d nt wrk equally well fr everyne. (第三個平衡點是在不同的性格和不同的思維方式之間。斯坦福大學(xué)商學(xué)院研究人員的一篇新論文發(fā)現(xiàn)，在Zm上進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴是以犧牲創(chuàng)造力為代價的：隨著人們的視覺焦點在他們面前的屏幕上變窄，他們的認(rèn)知范圍似乎也變得更加有限。但如果面對面的聚會更好，它們也不是對每個人都同樣有效)”可知，斯坦福商學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦風(fēng)暴在Zm上的創(chuàng)造力受限，因為線上會議時人的視野和認(rèn)知限制也被顯示器影響。面對面的聚會雖然更好，但并不適合所有人。由此推知，富有成效的頭腦風(fēng)暴需要考慮不同的個性和思維模式。故選C項。
【46題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“These are knwn prblems, and there are plenty f ideas ut there t slve them. (這些都是已知的問題，有很多想法可以解決它們)”可知，本段主要討論的是解決頭腦風(fēng)暴中已知問題的各種方法。故選A項。
(B)
(上海市市西中學(xué)2024--2025學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試)
A few weeks ag, a well-meaning prfessr tried t explain the physilgical prcess behind viruses and the human bdy in a tweet and was immediately criticized fr a mistake in his infrmatin. He then issued an aplgy and deleted his errneus tweet.
Cmmunicating science beynd the academic bubble is necessary t augmenting (增加) public understanding f health and envirnmental issues and helping individuals make well-infrmed persnal decisins.
Hwever, scientists wh engage in science cmmunicatin must acknwledge that even in their area, their expertise is deep but narrw. They need t recgnize the cnstraints in their wn knwledge. That is nt t suggest that they nly write r present n their wn research, but rather, that they cnsult with an expert if the tpic is utside f their discipline. Fact-checking with a scientist wh wrks in the specialty will prevent the unintentinal spread f misinfrmatin, and the prcess f ding s may yield tiny pieces f interesting new infrmatin that can be incrprated.
Sme have argued that the public is nt educated enugh t understand scientific infrmatin, especially fr any cmplex phenmena, but this is absurd. Science instructin can be fund at all levels f public educatin with mst secndary schls ffering classes n bilgy, physics, and chemistry. If anything, scial media has shwn that the public craves knwledge based n a slid scientific fundatin. Even the public discurse (話語) that fllws mst scientific articles shws that nline readers can understand even the mst puzzling f scientific principles.
It is equally necessary t emphasize that being an expert n a tpic des nt autmatically make a schlar qualified t cmmunicate it t a nnscientific audience. A number f scientists recently have been ffering public-aimed explanatins f scientific phenmena. Even thugh they have apprpriate credentials, they ften d very little in the way f explaining. One bilgist shared a cmplex analgy(類比)invlving a library, bks, paper, a recipe, ingredients, and a cake t explain the prcess behind vaccines. Any explanatin that requires a written key t keep track f what each item represents is nt a clear example fr public cnsumptin.
Science cmmunicatin is a science in and f itself. It requires rigrus training and instructin. A scientist shuld take cmmunicatin curses that can teach a persn hw t identify and eliminate jargn (術(shù)語) and hw t develp effective analgies t explain cmplex cncepts. One cannt assume cmmunicatin expertise-imagine if smene just decided that they were a physicist and started trying t cntribute t the field withut the necessary backgrund. Ding a pr jb cmmunicating science t the public will nly create cnfusin and widen the gap between science and sciety, a gap that scientists are trying t clse.
43. What des the authr advise scientists d t deal with tpics utside f their specialty?
A. Write r present n them frm new angles.
B. Utilize infrmatin frm diverse surces.
C. Turn t a specialist fr prfessinal help.
D. Fact-check with clleagues in-their field.
44. What can be learned frm Paragraph 4?
A. A slid academic fundatin is essential t understanding puzzling scientific principles.
B. Mdern technlgy has facilitated cmmunicatin between scientists and the public.
C. Scientific articles have gained increasing ppularity amng the general public.
D. The public’s understanding f science is much better than sme have claimed.
45. What des the example f the bilgist wh shared an intricate analgy shw?
A. It is helpful t use illustratins in explaining scientific phenmena.
B. It is imperative t have apprpriate titles t explain scientific issues.
C. A learned schlar is nt necessarily a qualified science cmmunicatr.
D. A nnscientific audience cannt crrectly understand principles f science.
46. What des the authr suggest scientists d t clse the gap between science and sciety?
A. Develp cmmunicatin skills.
B. Make apprpriate use f scientific terms.
C. Take curses in public speaking.
D. Explain cmplex cncepts scientifically.
【答案】43. C 44. D 45. C 46. A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了科學(xué)家在向公眾傳播科學(xué)知識時面臨的挑戰(zhàn)、必要性以及如何提高傳播效果，提出了科學(xué)家需要認(rèn)識到自己知識的局限性、公眾對科學(xué)知識的渴望、科學(xué)家需要具備有效的傳播技巧等觀點。
【43題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“They need t recgnize the cnstraints in their wn knwledge. That is nt t suggest that they nly write r present n their wn research, but rather, that they cnsult with an expert if the tpic is utside f their discipline.(他們需要認(rèn)識到自己知識的局限性。這并不是說他們只能撰寫或介紹自己的研究成果，而是說，如果話題超出了他們的學(xué)科范圍，他們應(yīng)該咨詢相關(guān)專家)”可知，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)科學(xué)家遇到超出了他們的學(xué)科范圍的話題時，他們應(yīng)該咨詢相關(guān)專家。故選C。
【44題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Sme have argued that the public is nt educated enugh t understand scientific infrmatin, especially fr any cmplex phenmena, but this is absurd. Science instructin can be fund at all levels f public educatin with mst secndary schls ffering classes n bilgy, physics, and chemistry. If anything, scial media has shwn that the public craves knwledge based n a slid scientific fundatin. Even the public discurse (話語) that fllws mst scientific articles shws that nline readers can understand even the mst puzzling f scientific principles.(有人認(rèn)為，公眾受教育程度不夠，無法理解科學(xué)信息，尤其是復(fù)雜的科學(xué)現(xiàn)象，但這種觀點是荒謬的。各級公共教育中都可以找到科學(xué)教學(xué)的內(nèi)容，大多數(shù)中學(xué)都開設(shè)了生物、物理和化學(xué)等課程。如果說有什么不同的話，那就是社交媒體表明，公眾渴望獲得基于堅實科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的知識。甚至大多數(shù)科學(xué)文章后的公眾討論也表明，在線讀者能夠理解甚至最令人困惑的科學(xué)原理)”可推知，公眾對科學(xué)的理解比一些人聲稱的要好得多。故選D。
【45題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“It is equally necessary t emphasize that being an expert n a tpic des nt autmatically make a schlar qualified t cmmunicate it t a nnscientific audience. A number f scientists recently have been ffering public-aimed explanatins f scientific phenmena. Even thugh they have apprpriate credentials, they ften d very little in the way f explaining. One bilgist shared a cmplex analgy (類比) invlving a library, bks, paper, a recipe, ingredients, and a cake t explain the prcess behind vaccines. Any explanatin that requires a written key t keep track f what each item represents is nt a clear example fr public cnsumptin.(有人認(rèn)為，公眾受教育程度不夠，無法理解科學(xué)信息，尤其是復(fù)雜的科學(xué)現(xiàn)象，但這種觀點是荒謬的。各級公共教育中都可以找到科學(xué)教學(xué)的內(nèi)容，大多數(shù)中學(xué)都開設(shè)了生物、物理和化學(xué)等課程。如果說有什么不同的話，那就是社交媒體表明，公眾渴望獲得基于堅實科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的知識。甚至大多數(shù)科學(xué)文章后的公眾討論也表明，在線讀者能夠理解甚至最令人困惑的科學(xué)原理)”可知，這個例子是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，即使是一位在生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域有深厚學(xué)識的學(xué)者，也可能在嘗試向非專業(yè)聽眾解釋復(fù)雜的科學(xué)概念時遇到困難。這個例子突顯了科學(xué)傳播的挑戰(zhàn)，并指出，僅僅因為某人在其專業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)知識淵博，并不意味著他們就能有效地將這些知識傳達(dá)給非專業(yè)聽眾。由此推知，這個例子說明了學(xué)識淵博并不等同于具備科學(xué)傳播的能力。故選C。
【46題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Science cmmunicatin is a science in and f itself. It requires rigrus training and instructin. A scientist shuld take cmmunicatin curses that can teach a persn hw t identify and eliminate jargn(術(shù)語)and hw t develp effective analgies t explain cmplex cncepts.(科學(xué)傳播本身就是一門科學(xué)。它需要嚴(yán)格的培訓(xùn)和指導(dǎo)?？茖W(xué)家應(yīng)該參加溝通課程，這些課程可以教授如何識別和消除術(shù)語，以及如何發(fā)展有效的類比來解釋復(fù)雜的概念)”可知，作者建議科學(xué)家為了縮小科學(xué)與社會之間的鴻溝應(yīng)該接受溝通技巧。故選A。
（2025年青浦一模）
My dctr tk me fr a walk arund the farm where she lived. I was physically and emtinally exhausted and discuraged by anxiety and depressin. The place was full f life. There were insects, hrses, rabbits, and a cat. She tld me t fcus n my bdy in the envirnment. When I was ill, I tended t withdraw int my mind and discnnect frm the here and nw. S, when I met a hrse named Fira, I expected nthing. As I gt clser t Fira, she rubbed her nse int my chest, putting a gentle pressure ver my heart. Smething happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring f past hurts, fears and failings. I began t melt emtinally. I patted Fira’s nse and breathed in her smell. I fund I didn’t have t cncentrate n feeling better; Fira helped me feel lved and safe.
I wrked with Fira ften, learning basic cmmunicatin and leading methds t wrk tgether with her. Initially, I wasn’t sure exactly what ne wuld d with a hrse except riding it. But I knew that Fira had tuched me in an uncmmn way and had made me feel better. She cnnected with me by respnding t my emtinal state and reflecting it back t me in an pen, affectinate way.
In my meetings with Fira, I learned t live in the present, t fcus n what was happening this day, in this mment, in this place. I learned t frget the past, with all its hurt. I learned t frget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. With Fira by my side, I saw int a life in which trust cmes first, and cmpassin fllws. I fund a deep peace in leading her alng a path, by using my wn pwer f intentin t indicate whether t start, stp, turn left r turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even jy. My wrk with this hrse was part f a jurney ut f a very dark night in my sul.
36. Why did the writer expect nthing when meeting Fira?
A. Because Fira’s reactin led the writer t feel hurt and fearful.
B. Because the writer’s mentality kept her frm cnnecting with thers.
C. Because the writer knew nthing abut Fira and didn’t knw what t expect.
D. Because the animals n the farm distracted the writer frm fcusing n her bdy.
37. Which f the fllwing statements abut Fira is TRUE?
A. Fira was the writer’s pet, living n her farm.
B. Fira made the writer feel better by giving her rides.
C. Fira gt the writer t cncentrate n her hurt feelings.
D. Fira respnded affectinately t the writer’s apprach.
38. In the last paragraph, the writer shares her experience with Fira t imply that _______.
A. animals can fllw peple’s instructins, thus gaining their trust
B. interacting with animals can be a therapy t psychlgical distress
C. meetings with animals can help peple step ut f their cmfrt zne
D. peple can access temprary peace and jy when wrking with animals
39. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A. My Dctr’s Farm: A Place f HealingB. Fira: The Hrse that Saved My Life
C. Frm Darkness t Light: My Jurney with FiraD. Hrse Smell: The Magic Pwer
答案： 36. B 37. D 38.B 39. C
文章大意:
作者因身心俱疲、飽受焦慮和抑郁困擾，醫(yī)生帶其到自己居住的農(nóng)場散步。農(nóng)場充滿生機(jī)，在那里作者邂逅了一匹名為 Fira 的馬。起初，由于作者自身心理狀態(tài)不佳，對與 Fira 的相遇并未抱有期待。然而，F(xiàn)ira 用溫柔的舉動觸動了作者，讓作者內(nèi)心積壓的傷痛開始消解。此后，作者常與 Fira 相處，學(xué)習(xí)與它溝通及合作的方法。在與 Fira 的互動中，作者學(xué)會了活在當(dāng)下，忘卻過去的傷痛與對未來的擔(dān)憂，逐步走出心靈的黑暗低谷。
答案解析
36 題 答案：B
解析：文中明確提到 “When I was ill, I tended t withdraw int my mind and discnnect frm the here and nw. S, when I met a hrse named Fira, I expected nthing.”，這表明作者患病時習(xí)慣沉浸在自己的思緒中，與現(xiàn)實脫節(jié)，這種心理狀態(tài)致使她在見到 Fira 時不抱任何期望。A 選項，是在接觸 Fira 后作者內(nèi)心的傷痛被引發(fā)，并非一開始就因 Fira 的反應(yīng)而受傷恐懼；C 選項，并非因為不了解 Fira 所以沒期待，核心原因是作者自身的心理問題；D 選項，文中未提及農(nóng)場動物分散作者對自身身體關(guān)注的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。所以 B 選項正確。
37 題 答案：D
解析：依據(jù) “As I gt clser t Fira, she rubbed her nse int my chest, putting a gentle pressure ver my heart.” 以及 “She cnnected with me by respnding t my emtinal state and reflecting it back t me in an pen, affectinate way.” 可知，當(dāng)作者靠近 Fira 時，F(xiàn)ira 不僅用鼻子蹭作者胸口，還以開放且深情的方式回應(yīng)作者的情緒狀態(tài)，這充分說明 Fira 對作者的靠近給予了深情回應(yīng)。A 選項，文中沒有信息表明 Fira 是作者的寵物；B 選項，作者并非通過騎馬感覺變好，而是與 Fira 的互動讓其心境改善；C 選項，F(xiàn)ira 是使作者內(nèi)心傷痛得到緩解，并非讓作者專注于傷痛感覺。因此，D 選項正確。
38 題 答案：B
解析：在最后一段，作者詳細(xì)敘述了與 Fira 相處的經(jīng)歷，從最初被焦慮和抑郁籠罩的黑暗狀態(tài)，到在與 Fira 的相處過程中學(xué)會活在當(dāng)下，進(jìn)而走出心靈的黑暗，這一系列變化表明與動物的互動對作者的心理困擾起到了治療作用。A 選項，文章重點并非強(qiáng)調(diào)動物聽從指令獲取信任，而是與動物互動對心理的積極影響；C 選項，文中未涉及走出舒適區(qū)的內(nèi)容；D 選項，作者與 Fira 相處并非只是獲得暫時的平靜和快樂，而是實現(xiàn)了心靈困境的逐步解脫。所以，B 選項正確。
39 題 答案：C
解析：文章主要圍繞作者從身心受焦慮抑郁折磨的黑暗狀態(tài)，通過與 Fira 相處逐漸走向心靈光明的歷程展開。C 選項 “Frm Darkness t Light: My Jurney with Fira” 精準(zhǔn)地概括了文章的核心內(nèi)容，是最佳標(biāo)題。A 選項，文章重點并非醫(yī)生的農(nóng)場，而是作者與 Fira 的經(jīng)歷；B 選項，“saved my life” 表述過于夸大；D 選項，“Hrse Smell” 只是與 Fira 接觸中的一個細(xì)節(jié)，無法全面概括全文。所以，C 選項正確。
重點詞塊
physically and emtinally exhausted：身心俱疲
withdraw int：退縮到；沉浸于
discnnect frm：與…… 脫節(jié)
rub... int...：把…… 擦進(jìn)；蹭
respnd t：對…… 做出回應(yīng)
live in the present：活在當(dāng)下
reflect... back t...：把…… 反饋給……
step ut f：走出
復(fù)雜句式
1. When I was ill, I tended t withdraw int my mind and discnnect frm the here and nw.
分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句，“When I was ill” 為時間狀語從句，表明作者處于生病這一特定時間背景；主句為 “I tended t withdraw int my mind and discnnect frm the here and nw”，其中 “tend t d sth.” 表示 “傾向于做某事”，描述作者在生病時的行為傾向。
翻譯：當(dāng)我生病的時候，我往往會沉浸在自己的思緒中，與當(dāng)下脫節(jié)。
2. As I gt clser t Fira, she rubbed her nse int my chest, putting a gentle pressure ver my heart.
分析：此句同樣是主從復(fù)合句，“As I gt clser t Fira” 為時間狀語從句，說明作者靠近 Fira 這一動作發(fā)生的時間；“she rubbed her nse int my chest” 是主句，描述 Fira 的主要動作；“putting a gentle pressure ver my heart” 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，補充說明 Fira 蹭作者胸口時同時施加的動作。
翻譯：當(dāng)我靠近 Fira 時，她把鼻子蹭進(jìn)我的胸口，在我的心臟上方輕輕施壓。
3. I fund a deep peace in leading her alng a path, by using my wn pwer f intentin t indicate whether t start, stp, turn left r turn right.
分析：這是一個簡單句，“in leading her alng a path” 和 “by using my wn pwer f intentin t indicate whether t start, stp, turn left r turn right” 均為方式狀語，前者表明作者在引領(lǐng) Fira 沿著小路走的過程中找到平靜，后者說明作者通過運用自己的意向力來指示 Fira 行動方向，進(jìn)而找到平靜。
翻譯：在引領(lǐng)她沿著小路前行的過程中，通過運用我自己的意向力來指示是開始、停止、向左轉(zhuǎn)還是向右轉(zhuǎn)，我找到了一種深深的平靜。
4. My wrk with this hrse was part f a jurney ut f a very dark night in my sul.
分析：該句為簡單句，“My wrk with this hrse” 是句子主語，表示 “我與這匹馬的相處（經(jīng)歷）”；“was” 為系動詞；“part f a jurney” 作表語；“ut f a very dark night in my sul” 為介詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “jurney”，說明這是一段走出心靈黑暗的旅程。
翻譯：我與這匹馬的相處經(jīng)歷是我走出心靈黑暗之夜旅程的一部分。
（2025年崇明一模）
The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categries including nline jurnalism, newspaper reprting, fictin, histry, music, drama, petry, phtgraphy and mre. Recipients can be a news rganizatin, an individual r a grup f peple.
Each f the first 21 winners receives a $15,000 cash prize and a certificate. The twenty-secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given t a news agency. Instead f cash, the news rganizatin receives the Pulitzer Gld Medal. The name f the year’s winner is n ne side f the cin and the year is n the ther. All winners are hnred and awarded their prizes at an annual lunch party. The event takes place at Clumbia University, which was riginally tasked with administering the award, and usually ccurs in May.
If it hadn’t been fr a Hungarian-American named Jseph Pulitzer, the awards wuld never have cme int existence. Pulitzer was brn int a wealthy family in Hungary in 1847. He made his way t America and built a career in jurnalism. He develped a reputatin as an ambitius and energetic yung jurnalist. By 1872 Pulitzer had becme a publisher, and six years later he wned a newspaper cmpany. In 1883 he purchased yet anther newspaper. He became knwn as smene wh was nt afraid t take a public stand against crruptin (腐敗).
After a successful career in jurnalism, seven years befre his death, Pulitzer wrte a will, leaving $2,000,000 t Clumbia University. The mney was t establish a schl f jurnalism at Clumbia and a set f awards. Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.
Faithfully fllwing Pulitzer’s instructins, Clumbia University awarded the very first Pulitzer Prizes in 1917. Tday these awards are cnsidered sme f the mst distinguished prizes in America.
36. What can be knwn abut the Pulitzers?
A.Their recipients all get cash prizes. B. There are 21 winners each year.
C. They are awarded wrldwide.D. They g beynd jurnalism.
37. It can be inferred frm the passage that Jseph Pulitzer _____.
A. was humrus and curageus B. was raised up in a jurnalist’s family
C. had a strng sense f justice D. sught a gal f prducing wealth
38. Pulitzer established the prizes mainly t _____.
A. facilitate better jurnalismB. diversify ways f access t jurnalism
C. supprt Clumbia University D. stimulate peple t becme jurnalists
39. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Pulitzer Prizes: Jseph Pulitzer’s Lifetime Ambitin
B. Pulitzer Prizes: Sme f America’s Greatest Hnrs
C. Pulitzer Prizes: Awards fr Distinguished Jurnalists
D. Pulitzer Prizes: Annual Events at Clumbia University
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B
【導(dǎo)讀】
本文介紹了普利策獎，它是美國在新聞、書籍、戲劇和音樂等領(lǐng)域頒發(fā)的獎項，涵蓋 22 個類別。獲獎?wù)甙ㄐ侣剻C(jī)構(gòu)、個人或團(tuán)體，除公共服務(wù)獎外，其他 21 個獎項的獲得者可獲現(xiàn)金獎勵和證書。該獎由匈牙利裔美國人約瑟夫?普利策設(shè)立，他在新聞領(lǐng)域取得成功后，留下 200 萬美元給哥倫比亞大學(xué)，用于建立新聞學(xué)院和設(shè)立獎項，以提高新聞行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1917 年，哥倫比亞大學(xué)首次頒發(fā)普利策獎，如今該獎已成為美國最杰出的獎項之一。
【解析】
36. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：
根據(jù)第一段 “The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categries including nline jurnalism, newspaper reprting, fictin, histry, music, drama, petry, phtgraphy and mre.” 可知，普利策獎不僅涉及新聞領(lǐng)域，還包括書籍、戲劇、音樂等多個領(lǐng)域，D 選項 “它們超越了新聞領(lǐng)域” 正確。
A 選項，公共服務(wù)獎獲得者獲得的是普利策金牌而非現(xiàn)金獎勵，所以 A 選項錯誤；B 選項，每年有 22 個獎項，而不是 21 個獲獎?wù)?，所?B 選項錯誤；C 選項，普利策獎是在美國國內(nèi)頒發(fā)，并非全球范圍，所以 C 選項錯誤。所以答案是 D。
37. 推理判斷題：
由第三段 “He became knwn as smene wh was nt afraid t take a public stand against crruptin (腐敗).” 可知，約瑟夫?普利策敢于公開反對腐敗，這表明他有強(qiáng)烈的正義感，C 選項正確。
A 選項，文中未提及他幽默；B 選項，他出生于匈牙利的富裕家庭，并非新聞工作者家庭；D 選項，他設(shè)立獎項的目的是提高新聞行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而非追求財富，所以 A、B、D 選項錯誤。所以答案是 C。
38. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：
根據(jù)第四段 “Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.” 可知，普利策設(shè)立獎項主要是為了促進(jìn)更好的新聞工作，提高新聞行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，A 選項正確。
B 選項 “使進(jìn)入新聞行業(yè)的方式多樣化”，文中未提及；C 選項 “支持哥倫比亞大學(xué)”，設(shè)立獎項的主要目的不是支持大學(xué)，而是提高新聞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；D 選項 “激勵人們成為記者”，重點是激勵記者追求卓越，而非激勵人們成為記者，所以 B、C、D 選項錯誤。所以答案是 A。
39. 主旨大意題：
文章介紹了普利策獎的設(shè)立背景、涵蓋領(lǐng)域、獎項設(shè)置以及其意義，如今普利策獎被認(rèn)為是美國最杰出的獎項之一，B 選項 “普利策獎：美國一些最偉大的榮譽” 能全面概括文章內(nèi)容，正確。
A 選項 “普利策獎：約瑟夫?普利策的畢生抱負(fù)”，文章不僅僅圍繞他的抱負(fù)展開；C 選項 “普利策獎：杰出記者的獎項”，普利策獎不僅針對記者，還涉及其他領(lǐng)域；D 選項 “普利策獎：哥倫比亞大學(xué)的年度活動”，這只是普利策獎頒獎的地點和形式，不能概括全文，所以 A、C、D 選項錯誤。所以答案是 B。
【重點詞塊】
utstanding achievement 杰出成就
recipient 接受者
news agency 新聞機(jī)構(gòu)
administer the award 管理獎項
take a public stand against 公開反對
write a will 立遺囑
raise the standards f 提高…… 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
act as a stimulus 起到激勵作用
【復(fù)雜句式】
1. The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music.”
分析：句子主干是 “The Pulitzers are American awards”，“given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “awards”，說明普利策獎是在美國國內(nèi)為新聞、書籍、戲劇和音樂等領(lǐng)域杰出成就而設(shè)立的獎項。
翻譯：普利策獎是在美國國內(nèi)頒發(fā)的美國獎項，旨在表彰新聞、書籍、戲劇和音樂等領(lǐng)域的杰出成就。
2. “The twenty - secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given t a news agency. Instead f cash, the news rganizatin receives the Pulitzer Gld Medal.”
分析：第一句是主從復(fù)合句，“The twenty - secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize” 是主句，“which is always given t a news agency” 是非限制性定語從句，對 “the Public Service Prize” 進(jìn)行補充說明。第二句是簡單句，“Instead f cash” 是狀語，表明不是獲得現(xiàn)金。
翻譯：然而，第 22 個獎項是公共服務(wù)獎，該獎總是授予一家新聞機(jī)構(gòu)。新聞機(jī)構(gòu)獲得的不是現(xiàn)金，而是普利策金牌。
3. “If it hadn’t been fr a Hungarian - American named Jseph Pulitzer, the awards wuld never have cme int existence.”
分析：這是一個虛擬條件句，“If it hadn’t been fr...” 是對過去情況的虛擬，意思是 “如果不是……”，表示一種假設(shè)的情況，主句 “the awards wuld never have cme int existence” 使用了與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu) “wuld + have + 過去分詞”。
翻譯：如果不是因為一位名叫約瑟夫?普利策的匈牙利裔美國人，這些獎項就永遠(yuǎn)不會存在。
4. “Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.”
分析：第一句是簡單句，“t raise the standards f jurnalism” 是動詞不定式作表語，說明普利策的愿望。第二句是主從復(fù)合句，“He hped” 是主句，“the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future” 是省略了引導(dǎo)詞 “that” 的賓語從句，作 “hped” 的賓語，“t wrk fr excellence” 是動詞不定式作目的狀語，表明獎項對記者起到激勵作用的目的。
翻譯：普利策的愿望是提高新聞行業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。他希望這個獎項能激勵記者們追求卓越 —— 無論是當(dāng)時還是未來。
（2025年寶山一模）
If yu lve beautiful scenery, then head fr the natinal parks and mnuments f Utah. Begin yur trip in Arches Natinal Park. Depicted (描繪) as a wnderland, Arches has mre than 2,000 natural stne arches, the wrld's largest cncentratin. If yu'd like a challenge, try the Fiery Furnace hike. Yu must g with a park guide as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宮), with narrw rcks abve drp-ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh.
Nt far frm Arches lies Canyn lands Natinal Park. The mst accessible area f the park is the Island in the Sky, a huge mesa (臺地). Take the drive arund the edge t get an amazing view f the surrunding area. Frm Grand View Pint, yu can take an easy tw-mile hike that fllws the edge f the mesa. It crsses a narrw pint f land arriving at ne f the mst beautiful viewpints in the wrld.
Farther t the nrth is Dinsaur Natinal Mnument. Yur first stp here shuld be the Quarry Exhibit Hall, where yu can see a natural stne wall cntaining abut 1,500 bnes frm dinsaurs that nce walked in this regin. After that, hike ne f the park's many trails. Alng sme f them, yu can see petrglyphs (巖畫).These are designs and images that were carved int the stne walls by the Freemnt peple, wh lived in this area frm arund 200 A.D. t 1300 A.D. If yu wish t camp, stay vernight in the Split Muntain campgrund. During the evening, attend ne f the night sky prgrams that are held after dark in the camping area. As yu gaze up at the heavens, an expert will pint ut and discuss fascinating bjects in the night sky.
36. What des the article imply abut the Fiery Furnace hike?
A. It leads t ne f Utah's highest summits.
B. It requires very little effrt t cmplete.
C. It's ften clsed t prtect animals.
D. It has cmplicated bends and turns.
37. What des the expert prbably discuss during the prgram in the camping area?
A. All kinds f insect lifeB. Planets, mn and stars
C. Native bushes and flwersD. Interesting species f birds
38. In which publicatin wuld yu mst likely find this article?
A. Ppular Crafts and HbbiesB. American Literary Magazine
C. Tday's Guide t InvestingD. Outdr Recreatin Digest
答案 36. D 37. B 38. D
文章大意
文章是一篇旅游指南，介紹了猶他州的幾個國家公園和紀(jì)念碑。首先推薦了拱門國家公園（Arches Natinal Park），其中有 2000 多個天然石拱，還提到了具有挑戰(zhàn)性的 Fiery Furnace 徒步路線。接著介紹了離拱門國家公園不遠(yuǎn)的峽谷地國家公園（Canynlands Natinal Park），重點講了其中比較容易到達(dá)的天空之島（Island in the Sky）以及在那里可以欣賞到的美景。最后介紹了更北邊的恐龍國家紀(jì)念碑（Dinsaur Natinal Mnument），包括其中的采石場展覽廳（Quarry Exhibit Hall）、徒步路線上的巖畫以及露營活動和夜間觀星項目。
答案解析
36 題 答案：D
解析：文章對 Fiery Furnace 徒步路線的描述是 “a labyrinth (迷宮), with narrw rcks abve drp - ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh”，意思是這條路線像迷宮一樣，有狹窄的巖石、落差以及需要攀爬通過的縫隙。這些描述表明路線有復(fù)雜的彎道和轉(zhuǎn)折，所以答案是 D。A 選項文中沒有提到這條路線通向猶他州最高的山峰；B 選項從對路線像迷宮一樣的描述可以推斷出它并不容易完成，需要一定的努力；C 選項文中沒有提及為保護(hù)動物而關(guān)閉該路線的內(nèi)容。
37 題 答案：B
解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容 “During the evening, attend ne f the night sky prgrams that are held after dark in the camping area. As yu gaze up at the heavens, an expert will pint ut and discuss fascinating bjects in the night sky.”，在露營地天黑后會有夜間觀星項目，人們仰望天空時，專家會指出并討論夜空中迷人的物體。所以可以推斷專家討論的應(yīng)該是和天空有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，選項中只有 B 選項 “行星、月亮和星星” 符合，A 選項昆蟲、C 選項本土灌木和花卉、D 選項有趣的鳥類都與夜空中的物體無關(guān)。
38 題 答案：D
解析：文章主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于猶他州的國家公園和紀(jì)念碑，包括公園內(nèi)的徒步路線、景點、露營等戶外活動相關(guān)信息。A 選項《流行工藝與愛好》主要涉及手工制作和興趣愛好方面的內(nèi)容，與文章主題不符；B 選項《美國文學(xué)雜志》主要是文學(xué)作品相關(guān)內(nèi)容；C 選項《今日投資指南》主要是關(guān)于投資的內(nèi)容。只有 D 選項《戶外休閑文摘》是關(guān)于戶外休閑活動的刊物，所以答案是 D。
重點詞塊
natural stne arches：天然石拱
cncentratin：集中；聚集
labyrinth：迷宮
drp - ffs：落差；陡坡
accessible area：容易到達(dá)的區(qū)域
mesa：臺地
viewpint：觀點；視角；景點
petrglyphs：巖畫
campgrund：露營地
night sky prgrams：夜空觀測項目
復(fù)雜句式
1. “Depicted (描繪) as a wnderland, Arches has mre than 2,000 natural stne arches, the wrld's largest cncentratin.”
分析：這是一個簡單句，“Depicted (描繪) as a wnderland” 是過去分詞短語作狀語，用來描述 Arches Natinal Park 的狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于 “As it is depicted as a wnderland”；句子的主干是 “Arches has mre than 2,000 natural stne arches”，“the wrld's largest cncentratin” 是同位語，對 “mre than 2,000 natural stne arches” 進(jìn)行補充說明。
翻譯：拱門國家公園被描繪成一個仙境，擁有 2000 多個天然石拱，是世界上石拱最集中的地方。
2. “Yu must g with a park guide as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宮), with narrw rcks abve drp - ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh.”
分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句，“Yu must g with a park guide” 是主句；“as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宮)” 是原因狀語從句，說明需要和公園導(dǎo)游一起走的原因；“with narrw rcks abve drp - ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh” 是 “with + 賓語 + 賓語補足語” 結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，對 “a labyrinth” 進(jìn)行補充說明，其中 “t pull yurself up and thrugh” 是動詞不定式作后置定語，修飾 “gaps”。
翻譯：你必須和一個公園導(dǎo)游一起走，因為這條徒步路線是一個迷宮，有落差上方狹窄的巖石，還有供你攀爬通過的縫隙。
3. “These are designs and images that were carved int the stne walls by the Freemnt peple, wh lived in this area frm arund 200 A.D. t 1300 A.D.”
分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句，“These are designs and images” 是主句；“that were carved int the stne walls by the Freemnt peple” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 “designs and images”，說明這些設(shè)計和圖像是由 Freemnt 人刻在石壁上的；“wh lived in this area frm arund 200 A.D. t 1300 A.D.” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 “the Freemnt peple”，說明 Freemnt 人的居住時間。
翻譯：這些是設(shè)計和圖像，它們是由公元 200 年到 1300 年左右居住在這個地區(qū)的弗里蒙特人刻在石壁上的。
（2025年虹口一模）
Take ur latest quiz!
40. Which f the fllwing best explains what a “sequel” is?
A. A stry r bk that is abut imaginary characters.
B. A bk that cntinues the stry f a previus bk.
C. A bk that cnveys. relatinships between multiple characters.
D. A cllectin f stries written by fans f an riginal bk series.
41. Which f the fllwing descriptin best fits the definitin f a “risk-taker”?
A. Yu’re happy t pick up smething yu’ve never heard f.
B. Yu hpe t find the new bk f yur favurite authr.
C. Yu’re willing t wander in the wrld f the classics.
D. Yu nly read thse n tp f the list f best sellers.
42. What can thse wh take this quiz learn frm the results?
A. Why they prefer reading t ther activities.B. Which authr is prbably their favurite.
C. Wh they shuld turn t fr reading tips.D. What their bk-chsing style is.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。這是一篇問卷調(diào)查以及根據(jù)回答給出了四種不同的閱讀者類型。
【40題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)①小問“Yu’ve just finished a bk — d yu knw what yu’ll read next?(你剛讀完一本書，你知道接下來要讀什么嗎？)”以及后文“I want t spend mre time in that wrld.(我想花更多的時間在那個世界)”可知，讀完后還想繼續(xù)花更多的時間在那個世界，所以應(yīng)是讀那本書的續(xù)集，也就是繼續(xù)前一本書的故事的書。故選B項。
【41題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Mstly Cs: yu’re a RISK-TAKER”可知，作為RISK-TAKER類的閱讀者，答案大部分是C，第一題的C項“N, but I lve finding unexpected bks.(沒有，但我喜歡發(fā)現(xiàn)意想不到的書)”，第二題的C項“N. I just let the bks d the talking!(沒有。我只是讓書來說話)”，第三題的C項“Discvering new vices and stries.(發(fā)現(xiàn)新的聲音和故事)”，第四題的C項“N, I like t read bks by different authrs.(不，我喜歡讀不同作者的書)”以及第五題的C項“I like t walk arund the whle shp t see what catches my eye.(我喜歡繞著整個商店走一圈，看看有什么吸引我的眼球)”可知，RISK-TAKER喜歡發(fā)現(xiàn)意想不到的書，發(fā)現(xiàn)新的聲音和故事，喜歡讀不同作者的書，由此推斷RISK-TAKER是很樂意學(xué)習(xí)一些你從未聽說過的東西。故選A項。
【42題詳解】
推理判斷題。文章最后給出了四種不同的閱讀者類型及其描述，這個測試的目的就是幫助讀者了解自己的選書風(fēng)格。通過回答測試中的問題，讀者可以了解自己的閱讀偏好和習(xí)慣，從而更好地選擇適合自己的書籍。故選D項。
① Yu’ve just finished a bk— d yu knw what yu’ll read next?
a)Yes! Perhaps a sequel, I want t spend mre time in that wrld.
b)A bk that everyne’s talking abut.
c)N, but I lve finding unexpected bks.
d)N. I like asking fr my friends’ recmmendatins.
② D yu value ther peple’s pinins when deciding what t read?
a)I dn’t like listening t thers—I knw what I like
b)I lve t knw what celebrities are reading!
c)N. I just let the bks d the talking!
d)Yes! Friends knw which bks I’ll enjy.
③ What d yu mst lk frward t in a new bk?
a)T see what my favurite characters are ding in new situatins.
b)Talking abut it with my friends.
c)Discvering new vices and stries.
d)Reading bks as gd as ther nes I’ve lved.
④ D yu like reading lts f bks by the same authr?
a)Yes, nce I find an authr I like, I’ll read everything they write!
b)If they’re a ppular authr, then yes!
c)N, I like t read bks by different authrs.
d)I tend t read bks by authrs my friends suggest.
⑤ When yu g t a bkshp, where d yu head first?
a)T see if there’s a new bk in my favurite series.
b)I head t the new releases and bestsellers.
c)I like t walk arund the whle shp t see what catches my eye.
d)T lk at the bkseller’s recmmendatins.
Mstly As: yu’ re a
SERIES-HOPPER
There’s n better feeling than reading smething yu lve... and then discvering it’s part f a series! Yu’ re always guaranteed t have smething new t lk frward t, and a familiar wrld t revisit again.
Mstly Bs: yu’re a
TREND-TRACKER
Yu like t read the bks that everyne is talking abut. Yur lcal bestseller will knw better than anyne which bks and authrs are truly up-and-cming, s ask them fr their tp tips.
Mstly Cs: yu’re a
RISK-TAKER
________
Mstly Ds: yu’re a
ADVICE-SEEKER
Yu feel reassured when smene yu trust recmmends a bk t yu. If yu want t expand yur reading experiences, try getting thse recmmendatin frm lts f different places.

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