第06講：完形填空之命題玄關(guān)破解-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

知識(shí)梳理
演練
【考情鏈接】
上海高考英語完形填空體裁議論文、說明文為主，夾敘夾議文次之，文章選材頗具哲理性，可讀性較強(qiáng)。在語言結(jié)構(gòu)方面，長難句較多，邏輯思辨能力強(qiáng)，理解難度較大，在選項(xiàng)詞性上以實(shí)詞為主，其中動(dòng)詞、名詞會(huì)占半壁江山，虛詞幾乎不會(huì)考查，特別注重對文章上下文語境的理解把握?？键c(diǎn)設(shè)置上，句內(nèi)層次題(答案由設(shè)空所在句子決定，多憑句子本身可知答案)和句組層次題(答案由設(shè)空臨近句子決定，需前后尋找信息或暗示)所占比重較大，語篇層次題(答案中整篇文章的內(nèi)涵決定，需統(tǒng)攬全局)考查難度較大。主要考察動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞。偶爾會(huì)有過渡詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞短語、連詞等。
【要點(diǎn)梳理】
解題關(guān)鍵（首邏修詞情）
一、文章句首
完形填空首句甚至前幾句話往往是完整的信息，為考生提供足夠的信息去了解文章的總體思路，這里信息可以幫助考生判斷全文大意甚至全文主題。
二、邏輯關(guān)系
完形填空中的每一個(gè)空格并非孤立存在的，命題者必須通過上下文給出某種線索來保證空格所填答案的唯一性，而這一線索即是上下文乃至全文的邏輯關(guān)系。命題者往往借助連詞或介詞短語來設(shè)置選項(xiàng)。
三、修辭
1.排比結(jié)構(gòu)
“排比結(jié)構(gòu)”指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似、意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)、語法一致的句子或詞組成串排列的語言現(xiàn)象。命題者常從排比結(jié)構(gòu)的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其表現(xiàn)意義的關(guān)聯(lián)或?qū)Ρ冗@一特點(diǎn)來設(shè)空。
2.對比結(jié)構(gòu)
對比結(jié)構(gòu)常把兩種對立的事物或同一事物的兩個(gè)不同方面并列出來加以比較或?qū)Ρ?。高考完形填空設(shè)題常常利用不同句子之間的對比關(guān)系或者同一個(gè)句子中不同部分之間的對比關(guān)系。
四、詞匯語境
1.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)
詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整和有機(jī)的意義整體。根據(jù)這一原則，某一個(gè)空格所對應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，考生可以根據(jù)這些詞來決定答案。
2.詞匯差異
高考完形填空主要考查實(shí)義詞，一定要結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)句意進(jìn)行判斷。有時(shí)從單句看，似乎不止一個(gè)答案，必須結(jié)合上下文在含義和用法等多方面加以考慮才能作出選擇。
五、情感態(tài)度
做完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)在弄清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上，著重尋找反映褒貶態(tài)度的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子。我們有時(shí)候可以根據(jù)作者對人物或事情的態(tài)度來排除干擾，進(jìn)行正確的選擇。
考點(diǎn)精講
命題焦點(diǎn)
考向一：[句內(nèi)層次題]
1．利用句內(nèi)語法結(jié)構(gòu)或?qū)?yīng)成分分析法解題
利用句內(nèi)詞匯線索暗示分析法解題
3.利用習(xí)慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)解題
4. 利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景解題
【典例】（2024楊浦一模）
Start as small as yu can, because this is mre likely t be achievable, repeatable and rewarding — three things we need t happen t shift frm a(n) (55) _________ new behaviur t a habit.
55.A. hpeful B. hpelessC. effrtful D. effrtless
【答案】D.
【44題詳解】根據(jù)句意，開始得越小越好，因?yàn)檫@樣更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)、可重復(fù)和有回報(bào)。因此空格處應(yīng)填入"effrtless"，表示毫不費(fèi)力的。
考向二：[句組層次題]
1．利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題
利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題
3．利用邏輯關(guān)系解題
4．利用語境暗示分析法解題
【典例】（2024虹口一模）
Back in 1930,the ecnmist Jhn Maynard Keynes predicted that with technlgical change and imprvements in-prductivity, we’d nly be wrking 15 hurs a week by nw. But while wrking hurs have ___21___ by 26%. mst f us still average 42.5 hurs a week.
21. A. declinedB. increasedC. cntinuedD. kept
【答案】21. A
【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，雖然工作時(shí)間減少了26%，我們大多數(shù)人每周平均工作時(shí)間仍然是42.5小時(shí)。A. declined下降；B. increased增加；C. cntinued繼續(xù)；D. kept保持。根據(jù)上文“we’d nly be wrking 15 hurs a week by nw.(我們現(xiàn)在每周只工作15個(gè)小時(shí))”可知，雖然工作時(shí)間減少了26%，我們大多數(shù)人每周平均工作時(shí)間仍然是42.5小時(shí)，while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表轉(zhuǎn)折，故選A。
考向三：【語篇層次題】
利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題
利用總分結(jié)構(gòu)或?qū)Ρ冉Y(jié)構(gòu)分析法解題
利用邏輯關(guān)系解題
【典例】（2024奉賢一模）
47 , they checked t see which genes were especially active in the enamel-prducing cells. It turned ut that genes designed t bind t calcium were particularly busy.
But these findings are 54 . As any dentist will tell yu, preventin is better than cure. 55 , a better cure wuld be always welcme. There is n dubt that this research ffers a new prspect fr future dental care.
47. A. ThenB. TherefreC. OtherwiseD. Still
55. A. LikewiseB. FurthermreC. NeverthelessD. Instead
【答案】 47.A 55.C
【解析】
47. A. Then（然后） Therefre（因此） Otherwise（否則） Still（仍然）
答案：A. Then（然后）
解析：根據(jù)上下文，研究人員首先檢查了釉質(zhì)細(xì)胞中特別活躍的基因。然后，他們檢查了哪些基因在產(chǎn)生釉質(zhì)的細(xì)胞中特別活躍。Then表示時(shí)間上的順序關(guān)系。
55. A. Likewise（同樣地） Furthermre（此外） Nevertheless（然而） Instead（代替）
答案：C. Nevertheless（然而）
解析：根據(jù)上下文，文章提到預(yù)防勝過治療，然而更好的治療方法總是受歡迎的。Nevertheless表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，即盡管如此。
課堂精練
演練
（以2023年6月上海高考真題為例，深度解析高考完形填空命題趨勢）
Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. (41) ______, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs’ apparent (42)_____ when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are (43)______ black r white.
Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients' expectatins haven't (44) ______, either.
“Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut (45) ______ uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be (46) ______ wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment(小恙), he tells them t (47) ______ their inquiry ---- cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin. “Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best (48) ______ and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
Technlgy has helped (49) ______ the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre (50) ______ diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an (51) ______ and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an (52) ______ level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
On the ther hand, cmputers can’t (53) ______ a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌癥結(jié)節(jié)). It can als (54) ______ quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, (55) ______, is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
A.On the hand B. Afterwrds C. As a result D.Abve all
42.A. victim B. instance C. transparencyD. certainty
43.A. frequently B. generally C.rarelyD. mainly
44.A. adred B.transfrmed C.fadedD.adjusted
45.A. limiting B. hitting C.threatening D. assembling
46. A. cmpared with B. accunted fr C. accustmed tD.annyed at
B.train C.clarifyD.braden
48.A. identifyB. cure C.defendD.cause
49.A. enlightenB.redefineC.cmmitD.guarantee
50. A. accurateB.plainC.seriusD.remedial
51.A. challengeB. encunterC.cnversatinD.dispute
52.A. dangerusB. maximalC.unfavrableD.cntrasting
53. A.stuffB.hintC.cmmunicateD. indicate
54.A. cncludeB. understand C.assumeD. calculate
55. A.hweverB. therefreC. mreverD.hence
【答案】 41~45. CDCDA 46~50. CDBBA 51~55. ABCDA
【導(dǎo)讀】文章討論了醫(yī)生在與病人交流時(shí)傳達(dá)自信和確定性的重要性，然而，隨著醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來的信息爆炸，專家們開始質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生與病人交流時(shí)的表面確定性是否對病人造成更多傷害。醫(yī)學(xué)院只是開始教導(dǎo)醫(yī)生如何處理這個(gè)問題，而病人的期望也沒有明確。醫(yī)生并不像數(shù)學(xué)和幾何學(xué)那樣具備確定性，而是需要不斷權(quán)衡各種因素來做出決策。技術(shù)在一定程度上提供了確定性，但無法像醫(yī)生那樣以安慰人心的方式給出診斷和治療建議。雖然計(jì)算機(jī)可以評估肺部結(jié)節(jié)的癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但它無法決定如何告知患者肺部有1%的機(jī)會(huì)變成癌癥。因此，醫(yī)生需要在不確定性中進(jìn)行決策，并通過人性化的交流方式向患者傳遞信息。
外刊題源：
Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. (41) As a result, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent (42) certainty when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are (43) rarely black r white.
Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients' expectatins haven't (44) adjusted, either.
“Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut (45) limiting uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be (46) accustmed t wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment(小恙), he tells them t (47) braden their inquiry ---- cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin. “Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best (48) cure and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
Technlgy has helped (49)redefine the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre (50) accurate diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an (51) challenge and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an (52) maximal level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
On the ther hand, cmputers can’t (53) cmmunicate a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌癥結(jié)節(jié)). It can als (54) calculate quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, (55) hwever, is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
【長難句解析】
1.Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty.
【譯文】醫(yī)生是科學(xué)家，他們的工作離不開數(shù)據(jù)、機(jī)率和概率。然而長期以來，他們被教導(dǎo)說，與病人打交道時(shí)，他們應(yīng)該傳遞令人信服的自信和確定性。
Operate這里應(yīng)理解為“工作”; reassuring令人信服的、可靠的。
2. (41) As a result, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment.
【譯文】因此，病人期待醫(yī)生給他們一個(gè)清晰的診斷和直接的治療過程。
3. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent (42) certainty when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd.
【譯文】但是，現(xiàn)在只要輕點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)、就能了解到各種病情信息，鑒于此，專家們質(zhì)疑：與病人溝通時(shí)，醫(yī)生給出的確定性實(shí)際上是否弊大于利。
Nw that因?yàn)?、鑒于；every…imaginable各種、全部的、所能想到的。
4.With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are(43) rarely black r white. Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients' expectatins haven't (44) adjusted either.
【譯文】隨著醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)進(jìn)步所帶來的信息過載，答案很少非黑即白。醫(yī)學(xué)院正在開始教醫(yī)生如何處理這個(gè)問題，而病人的期望也還沒有能適應(yīng)（這一變化趨勢）。
With…brught復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“隨著/在……”；

5. “Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut (45) limiting uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
【譯文】"醫(yī)學(xué)總是達(dá)不到我們在數(shù)學(xué)和幾何學(xué)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的那種確定性"，多倫多達(dá)拉拉納公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的研究員羅斯-厄普舒爾博士說。"如果你考慮到知識(shí)和它的作用，它是關(guān)于限制不確定性，而不是創(chuàng)造確定性。"
fallen shrt f達(dá)不到、缺少。

6.Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be (46) accustmed t wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n cuntless factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse a disease, he tells them t (47) braden their inquiry ---- cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin.
【譯文】接受培訓(xùn)的醫(yī)生就像賭徒一樣，需要習(xí)慣于在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域工作，在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域中，他們不斷地根據(jù)無數(shù)的因素來衡量賠率。當(dāng)Upshur教授醫(yī)學(xué)生如何診斷一種疾病時(shí)，他告訴他們要擴(kuò)大調(diào)查范圍----提出一個(gè)可能性的清單，而不是迅速歸納出一個(gè)單一的解決方案。
Weigh掂量、權(quán)衡；hme in n對準(zhǔn)、指向。

7.“Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best (48) cure and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
【譯文】"即使你做出了一個(gè)你認(rèn)為是確定的診斷，你通常也不能確定什么是最好的治療方法，以及從長遠(yuǎn)來看，結(jié)果會(huì)是什么。"
In the lng run長期來看。

8.(9) Technlgy has helped(49) redefine the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre (50) accurate diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an (51) challenge and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an (52) maximal level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
【譯文】技術(shù)已經(jīng)幫助我們重新定義了對確定性的追求。我們正在達(dá)到這樣一個(gè)地步：我們可以把癥狀清單輸入計(jì)算機(jī)，得到比醫(yī)生更準(zhǔn)確的診斷。哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)教授理查德-施瓦茨坦博士認(rèn)為這種發(fā)展既是挑戰(zhàn)也是機(jī)遇。他說，一方面，"技術(shù)試圖把你推到一個(gè)最大的確定性水平。做這個(gè)測試可以得到99%的確定性：你有這個(gè)疾病。"
Redefine重新定義；reaching a pint where達(dá)到某個(gè)……的程度。

9. On the ther hand, cmputers can’t (53) cmmunicate a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌癥結(jié)節(jié)).
【譯文】另一方面，計(jì)算機(jī)不能以安慰的方式向病人傳達(dá)診斷或治療。以早期肺癌的常規(guī)篩查測試為例。根據(jù)你的年齡、吸煙狀況和性別，計(jì)算機(jī)可以很好地評估發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥結(jié)節(jié)的幾率。
a rutine screening test定期篩查。

10. It can als (54) calculate quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, (55) hwever, is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
【譯文】它還可以根據(jù)結(jié)節(jié)的大小和形狀，相當(dāng)精確地計(jì)算出發(fā)展為實(shí)際癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。然而，它不能做的是決定如何告訴你，你的肺部有一個(gè)結(jié)節(jié)，有1%的機(jī)會(huì)成為癌癥。
develping 患上某種疾??；break the news爆料、告訴實(shí)情。
【答案詳解】
41.C【解析]此題考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到，醫(yī)生應(yīng)該給病人一個(gè)確定的診斷和治療方案，而該空后提到，患者希望醫(yī)生能給他們一個(gè)明確的診斷和簡單的治療過程。因此，此處能夠承接上下文的只有C項(xiàng)，as a result 意為“所以;結(jié)果(是)”，故選C。n the hand一方面:afterwrds adv.后來;as a result 所以;結(jié)果(是):abve all最重要的是:尤其是。
42.D【解析]結(jié)合上文提及的Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics,dds and prbability. Yet they've lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty.可知此處提及的內(nèi)容與醫(yī)生在治療過程中的明確性溝通相關(guān)，再結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)，此處與“確定性”能夠產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的選項(xiàng)只有D項(xiàng)。句意為:“但現(xiàn)在，只要點(diǎn)擊幾下鼠標(biāo)，就可以獲得關(guān)于每一種可以想象的醫(yī)療狀況的信息，專家們正在詢問，醫(yī)生在與患者溝通時(shí)的明顯確定性(certainty)是否真的弊大于利”。故選D。victim n.受害者:犧牲品:instance n.例子，實(shí)例;情況;transparency n.透明;透明度:透明性: certainty n.確定:必然性。
43.C【解析]結(jié)合選項(xiàng)及上下文experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent certainty--when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd.可知，專家們也在研究和詢問醫(yī)患溝通明確帶來的影響，所以此處最可能表述的是“隨著醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來的信息過量，答案很少(rarely)是非黑即白的”。故選C。frequently adv.頻繁地，經(jīng)常:generally adv.籠統(tǒng)地;通常地;普遍地:rarely adv.少有地;罕見地;mainly adv.主要地;大多。44.D【解析]結(jié)合上文提及的patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment可知，患者希望醫(yī)生能給他們一個(gè)明確的診斷和簡單的治療過程，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知患者的這種觀念在短時(shí)間不會(huì)發(fā)生改變。句意為:“醫(yī)學(xué)院才剛剛開始教醫(yī)生如何應(yīng)對這種情況，患者的期望也沒有調(diào)整(adjusted)”，故選D。adre v.喜愛:愛慕;transfer v.(使)轉(zhuǎn)移:(使)調(diào)動(dòng);fade v.褪去;逐漸消逝:adjust v.適應(yīng)，調(diào)整，校正。
45.A【解析]結(jié)合下文和該空后提及的nt abut creating certainty可推知，該空所填詞構(gòu)成的短語的意思應(yīng)與creating certainty意思相近，limiting uncertainty符合題意。句意為:“如果你思考知識(shí)及其作用，那就是限制(limiting)不確定性，而不是創(chuàng)造確定性”。故選A. limit v.限制:限量:使限于:hit v.打，打擊:碰撞:threaten v恐嚇:威脅:預(yù)示(某事): assemble v.集合，收集:裝配，組合:組裝。
46.C[解析]結(jié)合下文所舉的相關(guān)例子可推知，接受培訓(xùn)的醫(yī)生需要在海量信息中作出判斷，即當(dāng)他們診斷疾病時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)面對這種情況，所以他們要慢慢習(xí)慣這種工作狀態(tài)。句意為:“像賭徒一樣，接受培訓(xùn)的醫(yī)生需要習(xí)慣于(accustmed t)在一個(gè)他們不斷根據(jù)無數(shù)因素權(quán)衡勝算的領(lǐng)域工作”。故選C.cmpare with與……比較，跟……相比:accunt fr說明(原因、理由等);在(數(shù)量、比例上)占，對…負(fù)責(zé):anny at對憤怒。
47.D【解析]結(jié)合該空之后提及的cme up with a list f pssibilities--rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin 可推知，文章不提倡快速地回到一個(gè)單一的解決方案上，所以此處想要表達(dá)的意思為“當(dāng)Upshur 教醫(yī)學(xué)生如何診斷疾病時(shí)，他告訴他們擴(kuò)大(braden)調(diào)查范圍一一列出各種可能性，而不是迅速找到一個(gè)單一的解決方案”，故選D。cver v.遮蓋:覆蓋:撒上:包括:涉及:train v、訓(xùn)練:教育:培養(yǎng);修整:clarify v、闡明，澄清:凈化: braden v.變寬:擴(kuò)大.的范圍。
48.B【解析]結(jié)合上句提及的Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm可知，此處講述的內(nèi)容與醫(yī)療診斷相關(guān)，再分析選項(xiàng)，此處B項(xiàng)能夠與上文聯(lián)系起來。句意為:“即使你做出了你認(rèn)為可靠的診斷，你通常也不確定什么是最好的治療(cure)方法，從長遠(yuǎn)來看會(huì)有什么結(jié)果?”。故選B。identify v、識(shí)別，認(rèn)出:確定:cure n.藥:措施:療程:defend v.防御:保衛(wèi):防守:cause n.原因;理由;事業(yè):訴訟案。
49.B【解析]結(jié)合上下文提及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容可知，醫(yī)生需要慢慢習(xí)慣從海量信息中診斷疾病，而信息技術(shù)提高了診斷的準(zhǔn)確性，這說明準(zhǔn)確診斷疾病是醫(yī)生追求已久的。句意為:“技術(shù)幫助重新定義了對確定性的追求”，故選B。enlighten v.啟發(fā)，闡明:redefine v.再定義: cmmit v.犯罪:承諾:guarantee v.保證:擔(dān)保。
50.A[解析]結(jié)合上下文提及的D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease.可推知，此處想要表達(dá)的是“我們已經(jīng)到了可以將癥狀列表輸入計(jì)算機(jī)并得到比醫(yī)生更準(zhǔn)確的(accurate)診斷的地步”，故選A。accurate adj.正確的，精確的:精準(zhǔn)的: plain adj.清楚的:坦誠的:單色的:樸素的:serius adj.嚴(yán)重的:嚴(yán)肅的:認(rèn)真的:莊重的:remedial adj.補(bǔ)教的;糾正的:治療的;補(bǔ)習(xí)的，輔導(dǎo)的。
51.A[解析]結(jié)合下文提及的信息技術(shù)對于提高診斷準(zhǔn)確率的好處和缺點(diǎn)，并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處句意為:“哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)教授理查德·施瓦茨坦博士認(rèn)為，這種發(fā)展既是一種挑戰(zhàn)(challenge)，也是一種機(jī)遇”。故選A。challenge n.挑戰(zhàn):(比賽等的)邀請:質(zhì)疑:encunter n.遭遇，偶遇:(體育)比賽:cnversatin n.交談，談話:dispute n.爭論，爭端，糾紛。
52.B【解析]結(jié)合該空之后提及的D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease可知，將癥狀信息輸入電腦能夠99%確定患有某種疾病，即最大程度確定所患疾病。故該空所在句子想要表達(dá)的是“技術(shù)試圖把你推向一個(gè)最大的(maximal)確定水平。做這個(gè)測試可以獲得99%的確定性,你患有這種疾病”。故選B.dangerus adj.危險(xiǎn)的;maximal adj.尺寸最大的，最高的，持續(xù)時(shí)間最長的:unfavrable adj.不利的:相反的;令人不快的;不吉利的:cntrasting adj.極不相同的，迥異的。
53.C【解析]結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容以及最后提及的is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a l percent chance f becming a cancer可推知，計(jì)算機(jī)雖然能夠非常準(zhǔn)確第診斷疾病，但其在告知診斷結(jié)果方面存在一定缺陷。句意為:“另一方面，計(jì)算機(jī)無法以令人欣慰的方式向患者傳達(dá)(cmmunicate)診斷或治療”。故選C。stuff v.塞滿;填塞;hint v.暗示，提示:cmmunicate v.溝通;傳遞;傳染;相通:indicate v.表明，暗示:指示。
54.D【解析]結(jié)合上句提及的Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule可知，此處是在說明計(jì)算機(jī)根據(jù)相關(guān)信息診斷疾病的準(zhǔn)確程度。句意為:“它還可以根據(jù)結(jié)節(jié)的大小和形狀非常精確地計(jì)算出(calculate)患上實(shí)際癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。故選D。cnclude v.推斷出:總結(jié):結(jié)束:締約:understand v.明白，理解:了解:得知:默認(rèn);領(lǐng)會(huì):assume v.假設(shè):承擔(dān)(責(zé)任):獲得(權(quán)利):呈現(xiàn):calculate v.計(jì)算:估算:估計(jì):預(yù)料。
55.A[解析]結(jié)合該空前后內(nèi)容，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)上文說計(jì)算機(jī)可以準(zhǔn)確診斷疾病，而該空之后則說“計(jì)算機(jī)不能夠準(zhǔn)確告知疾病發(fā)展”，前后有一定的轉(zhuǎn)折性，故選A。hwever adv.然而:不管怎樣:cnj.不管怎樣:therefre adv.因此:mrever adv.此外:而且:hence adv.因此，所以。
課后反饋
演練
Child develpmental psychlgist Jean Piaget cnvinced us that yung, undevelped minds culdn’t handle cmplex cncepts because they simply weren’t experienced r mature enugh yet. Piaget, ____41____, believed that yung kids culd nt understand cause and effect, that they culdn’t think lgically, and that they als culdn’t handle abstract ideas.
But child develpment specialists are finding ut that preschlers withut any frmal educatin may have the capacity t understand mre cmplex cncepts than we give them ____42____ fr.
Alisn Gpnik, prfessr f psychlgy at University f Califrnia Berkeley and her team devised a way t test hw well yung kids understand the abstract cncept f ____43____ cause and effect—the idea that there may be mre than ne cause fr a single effect. They picked preschlers arund 4 years ld ____44____ undergraduates. The study ____45____ a ty that culd be turned n by placing a single blue clred blck n the ty’s tray, but culd als be activated if tw blcks-range and purple-were placed n the tray.
The preschlers were expert at ____46____ that the blue blcks turned n the ty, as did the purple and range nes, but that the purple and range nes needed t be paired tgether. The undergraduates, hwever, had a ____47____ time accepting the latter slutin. Their previus experience in the wrld hampered their ability t accept the unusual rules that ____48____ the ty.
Researchers frm Jhns Hpkins University fund a similar effect amng preschlers when it came t math. Previus studies shwed that if yu present infants with eight bjects ver and ver until they gt bred, and then shwed them 16, they suddenly ____49____ interest and sensed that things change. Even befre they are taught abut numbers r amunts, then, infants seem t have a grasp n quantity. “All the evidence s far leads us t believe that this is smething that babies cme int the wrld with,” says Melissa Kibbe, c-authr f that study. Accrding t her research, the preschlers had sme _____50_____ f quantity, and the apprpriate amunt that they needed t get frm a small quantity t a larger ne.
Kibbe’s and Gpnik’s recent wrk may have brader _____51_____ fr educatin, since current math curricula in schls may nt be ideal fr _____52_____ the number sense that kids are brn with. “There’s an exciting mvement in psychlgy ver the past decade, as we learn that students bring certain capabilities, r inbrn knwledge that we hadn’t thught they had befre,” says Jn Star, at the Harvard University Graduate Schl f Educatin.
Thugh it may be t early t _____53_____ such findings t the classrm, the results lay the grund wrk fr studying similar inbrn skills and hw they might be better understd. “The hard part is, _____54_____, hw yu build up and upn this intuitive knwledge in a way that allws a child t capture the cmplexity but nt hld them back.” says Tina Grtzer, assciate prfessr f educatin at Harvard. Taking advantage f a child’s still develping sense f numbers and quantities is ne thing, but _____55_____ it with t many new cnstructs abut algebra, unknwns, and prblem slving may just end up negatively affecting his learning and academic perfrmance. “As sn as cncepts get big and cmplex, there are all srts f perceptual, attentinal, and cgnitive csts and challenges invlved,” she says.
41. A. in factB. in particularC. in cntrastD. in cmparisn
42. A. criticismB. creditC. attentinD. advance
43. A. verallB. essentialC. cncreteD. multiple
44. A. againstB. beyndC. afterD. ver
45. A. kncked arundB. pwered nC. turned ffD. centered n
46. A. pulling utB. spelling utC. pinting utD. figuring ut
47. A. merrierB. shrterC. harderD. rugher
48. A. mtivatedB. activatedC. assembledD. empwered
49. A. enhancedB. resumedC. rejectedD. altered
50. A. tasteB. attemptC. cnceptD. expertise
51. A. instructinsB. substitutesC. implementatinsD. implicatins
52. A. cmplementingB. discveringC. challengingD. nurturing
53. A. transferB. translateC. stretchD. cmpare
54. A. literallyB. thereticallyC. educatinallyD. previusly
55. A. assciatingB. intrudingC. blendingD. verlading
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是兒童發(fā)展專家發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有接受過任何正規(guī)教育的學(xué)齡前兒童可能有能力理解比我們給他們的更復(fù)雜的概念。
【41題詳解】
考查固定短語辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，皮亞杰認(rèn)為年幼的孩子無法理解因果關(guān)系，他們無法進(jìn)行邏輯思考，他們也無法處理抽象概念。A. in fact事實(shí)上；B. in particular尤其，特別；C. in cntrast相反地；D. in cmparisn相比。根據(jù)下文“believed that yung kids culd nt understand cause and effect, that they culdn’t think lgically, and that they als culdn’t handle abstract ideas”可知，皮亞杰認(rèn)為年幼的孩子無法理解因果關(guān)系，他們無法進(jìn)行邏輯思考，他們也無法處理抽象概念，這是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)。故選A。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但兒童發(fā)展專家發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有接受過任何正規(guī)教育的學(xué)齡前兒童可能有能力理解比我們認(rèn)為的更復(fù)雜的概念。A. criticism批評；B. credit信貸；C. attentin注意力；D. advance進(jìn)步。根據(jù)上文“have the capacity t understand mre cmplex cncepts than”可知，沒有接受過任何正規(guī)教育的學(xué)齡前兒童可能有能力理解比我們認(rèn)為的更復(fù)雜的概念，give sb. credit fr意為“相信某人具有”。故選B。
【43題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的心理學(xué)教授Alisn Gpnik和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)設(shè)計(jì)了一種方法來測試幼兒對多重因果的抽象概念的理解程度，即一個(gè)結(jié)果可能有多個(gè)原因。A. verall全面的；B. essential必要的；C. cncrete具體的；D. multiple多個(gè)的。根據(jù)下文“mre than ne cause fr a single effect”可知，此處指的是“加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的心理學(xué)教授Alisn Gpnik和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)設(shè)計(jì)了一種方法來測試幼兒對多重因果的抽象概念的理解程度”，空格處意為“多個(gè)的”。故選D。
【44題詳解】
考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：他們挑選了四歲左右的學(xué)齡前兒童和本科生。A. against與……相比；B. beynd超出；C. after在……之后；D. ver在……的上方。根據(jù)上文“4 years ld”和下文“undergraduates”可知，四歲左右的學(xué)齡前兒童和本科生是年齡相差比較大的群體，因此空格處是“與……相比”。故選A。
【45題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)研究的重點(diǎn)是一個(gè)玩具，它可以通過在玩具的托盤上放置一個(gè)藍(lán)色的塊來啟動(dòng)，但如果在托盤上放置兩個(gè)橙色和紫色的塊，它也可以被激活。A. kncked arund閑逛；B. pwered n打開；C. turned ff關(guān)閉；D. centered n以……為中心。根據(jù)下文“a ty that culd be turned n by placing a single blue clred blck n the ty’s tray, but culd als be activated if tw blcks-range and purple-were placed n the tray”可知，此處講的是研究主要是用一個(gè)玩具來做的，也就是研究以一個(gè)玩具為中心。故選D。
【46題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：學(xué)齡前兒童很擅長弄清楚藍(lán)色的積木能打開玩具，紫色和橙色的積木也一樣，但紫色和橙色的積木需要配對在一起。A. pulling ut拔出；B. spelling ut拼出；C. pinting ut指出；D. figuring ut弄清楚。根據(jù)下文“that the blue blcks turned n the ty, as did the purple and range nes”可知，學(xué)齡前兒童很擅長弄清楚藍(lán)色的積木能打開玩具。故選D。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，大學(xué)生們很難接受后一種解決方案。A. merrier更快樂的；B. shrter更短的；C. harder更困難的；D. rugher更粗糙的。根據(jù)上文“The preschlers were expert at__6___ that the blue blcks turned n the ty”和下文“The undergraduates, hwever”中的hwever表轉(zhuǎn)折可知，大學(xué)生們很難接受后一種解決方案。故選C。
【48題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們之前在世界上的經(jīng)歷阻礙了他們接受激活玩具的不尋常規(guī)則的能力。A. mtivated激勵(lì)；B. activated激活；C. assembled組裝；D. empwered授權(quán)。根據(jù)上文“culd als be activated if tw blcks-range and purple-were placed n the tray”可知，他們之前在世界上的經(jīng)歷阻礙了他們接受激活玩具的不尋常規(guī)則的能力。故選B。
【49題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：先前的研究表明，如果你不斷地給嬰兒看8個(gè)物體，直到他們感到厭煩，然后給他們看16個(gè)，他們會(huì)突然恢復(fù)興趣，并感覺到事情發(fā)生了變化。A. enhanced提高；B. resumed恢復(fù)；C. rejected拒絕；D. altered改變。根據(jù)上文“until they gt bred”和下文“sensed that things change”可知，如果你不斷地給嬰兒看8個(gè)物體，直到他們感到厭煩，然后給他們看16個(gè)，他們會(huì)突然恢復(fù)興趣。故選B。
【50題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)她的研究，學(xué)齡前兒童有一些數(shù)量的概念，以及他們從小量到大量所需的適當(dāng)數(shù)量。A. taste味道；B. attempt企圖；C. cncept概念；D. expertise專長。根據(jù)上文“infants seem t have a grasp n quantity”可知，學(xué)齡前兒童有一些數(shù)量的概念。故選C。
【51題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Kibbe和Gpnik最近的工作可能對教育有更廣泛的影響，因?yàn)槟壳皩W(xué)校的數(shù)學(xué)課程可能不是培養(yǎng)孩子天生的數(shù)字感的理想選擇。A. instructins指示；B. substitutes代替物；C. implementatins實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；D. implicatins可能的影響。根據(jù)下文“since current math curricula in schls may nt be ideal fr__12___ the number sense that kids are brn with”可知，數(shù)學(xué)課程是關(guān)于教育的，因此此處表示“Kibbe和Gpnik最近的工作可能對教育有更廣泛的影響”。故選D。
【52題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Kibbe和Gpnik最近的工作可能對教育有更廣泛的影響，因?yàn)槟壳皩W(xué)校的數(shù)學(xué)課程可能不是培養(yǎng)孩子天生的數(shù)字感的理想選擇。A. cmplementing補(bǔ)充，補(bǔ)足；B. discvering發(fā)現(xiàn)；C. challenging挑戰(zhàn)；D. nurturing培養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)。根據(jù)上文“current math curricula”和下文“the number sense”可知，目前學(xué)校的數(shù)學(xué)課程可能不是培養(yǎng)孩子天生的數(shù)字感的理想選擇。故選D。
【53題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然現(xiàn)在將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用到課堂上還為時(shí)過早，但這些結(jié)果為研究類似的天生技能以及如何更好地理解它們奠定了基礎(chǔ)。A. transfer轉(zhuǎn)移；B. translate翻譯；C. stretch伸展；D. cmpare對比。根據(jù)下文“such findings t the classrm”可知，此處表示這些發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用到課堂上還為時(shí)過早，意為“把……轉(zhuǎn)換到……”，此處表示把研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，然后應(yīng)用到課堂。故選B。
【54題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在教育上，困難的部分是，你如何在這種直覺知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上建立起來，讓孩子掌握復(fù)雜性，而不是阻礙他們。A. literally真正地，確實(shí)地；B. theretically理論上；C. educatinally在教育上；D. previusly以前地，先前地。根據(jù)下文“hw yu build up and upn this intuitive knwledge in a way that allws a child t capture the cmplexity but nt hld them back”可知，如何在這種直覺知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上建立起來，讓孩子掌握復(fù)雜性，而不是阻礙他們，這是教育的問題，因此空格處意為“在教育上”。故選C。
【55題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：利用孩子仍在發(fā)展中的數(shù)字和數(shù)量感是一回事，但給孩子灌輸太多關(guān)于代數(shù)、未知數(shù)和解決問題的新概念，最終可能會(huì)對他的學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。A. assciating聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系；B. intruding闖入；C. blending（使）混合；D. verlading（使）過載，超載。根據(jù)下文“with t many new cnstructs abut algebra, unknwns, and prblem slving”可知，此處表示“給孩子灌輸太多關(guān)于代數(shù)、未知數(shù)和解決問題的新概念，最終可能會(huì)對他的學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響”，空格處意為“（使）過載”。故選D。

【上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三英語10月月考】
Nt lng after selecting their cllege, students are asked t declare an academic majr. Fr sme, this decisin is easy, as their majrs may have actually influenced their chice f cllege. ___21___, this decisin is nt always an easy ne t make, and cllege students frequently hang their minds.
S, hw shuld students make this significant decisin? It is ___22___ t give int fear, indecisiveness r wrry, but using the fllwing strategies t select the right majr will als help ___23___ yur mtivatin when the ging gets tugh.
1. Make a Career Plan
One effective way t increase yur chances f success in yur majr is by creating a career plan. Start by ___24___ yur future career and cnsider the academic and prfessinal paths that can lead yu there. Research shws that students with career plans are mre likely t ___25___ in their chsen majrs.
___26___ yur beliefs abut wrk, yur interest in varius academic subjects and yur abilities. Explring these factrs can help yu make mre infrmed decisins. Then, identify a specific career and ___27___ the steps yu need t take in cllege t prepare fr that career.
2. D Yur Research
Students smetimes drp ut f their selected majrs because they have becme dissatisfied with the academic area they have chsen. Or they may find themselves mre ___28___ t a different academic majr altgether.
T avid this, thrughly ___29___ the career yu’re interested in, as well as related fields. Cnsider whether a particular jb matches yur skills and preferences. Speak t prfessinals in the field t learn abut their daily wrk, and reflect n what aspects f the jb yu wuld enjy r dislike. While it is pssible t switch ut f yur majr nce yur interests becme mre apparent, yu will save a gd deal f time and energy by initially chsing a majr that is ___30___ yur interests and abilities.
3. Brace Yurself fr ___31___
It may cme as a surprise when yu are presented with incredibly ___32___ material during yur first semester at cllege. Students wh were at the tp f their class may be particularly shcked when they receive their first lw grade n an exam. Yu shuld nt assume, ___33___ that yu have made the wrng chice f academic majr simply because yu perfrmed prly n ne test. ___34___ feedback frm cllege advisers and instructrs can als influence a student’s chice t change their majr.
The pssibility f failure can be s ___35___ t students that they can lse their ambitin n the first day f class, befre they have experienced any academic failure at all. Hld n t the cnfidence that guided yu t select yur majr in the first place, and prepare yurself fr the academic challenges that await yu in whichever majr yu chse.
21. A. UndubtedlyB. UnfrtunatelyC. InevitablyD. Duly
22. A. desperateB. hazardusC. temptingD. tragic
23. A. sustainB. prmteC. attainD. reverse
24. A. pursuingB. ptimizingC. picturingD. navigating
25. A. persistB. struggleC. tlerateD. excel
26. A. Cmment nB. Weigh dwnC. Leave behindD. Reflect n
27. A. priritizeB. utlineC. reviseD. adjust
28. A. accustmedB. cmmittedC. attractedD. resistant
29. A. diagnseB. justifyC. clarifyD. investigate
30. A. in line withB. in prprtin tC. at dds withD. in harmny with
31. A. MarvelB. ChallengeC. TransitinD. Majr
32. A. cntempraryB. stimulatingC. infrmativeD. challenging
33. A. therefreB. hweverC. insteadD. therwise
34. A. PsitiveB. DistinctiveC. NegativeD. Neutral
35. A. discuragingB. harshC. fierceD. grave
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了能幫助學(xué)生選擇合適的專業(yè)的一些策略。
【21題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，這個(gè)決定并不總是那么容易做出，大學(xué)生們經(jīng)常猶豫不決。A. Undubtedly無疑地；B. Unfrtunately不幸地；C. Inevitably不可避免地；D. Duly適當(dāng)?shù)亍８鶕?jù)“this decisin is nt always an easy ne t make”可知，此處指“不幸的是，這個(gè)決定并不總是那么容易做出”。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：人們很容易屈服于恐懼、優(yōu)柔寡斷或擔(dān)憂，但使用以下策略來選擇合適的專業(yè)也會(huì)幫助你在遇到困難時(shí)保持動(dòng)力。A. desperate絕望的，拼命的；B. hazardus危險(xiǎn)的；C. tempting誘人的，吸引人的；D. tragic悲慘的，不幸的。根據(jù)“t give int fear, indecisiveness r wrry”和下文“but using the fllwing strategies t select the right majr will als help...”可知，此處指人們很容易屈服于恐懼、優(yōu)柔寡斷或擔(dān)憂，It is tempting t d sth本意為“做某事很有吸引力”，此處結(jié)合語境譯為“人們很容易做某事”。故選C。
【23題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A. sustain維持；B. prmte促進(jìn)，提升；C. attain達(dá)到，獲得；D. reverse顛倒，使反轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)上文“give int fear, indecisiveness r wrry”和空后的“when the ging gets tugh”可知，人們很容易屈服于恐懼、優(yōu)柔寡斷或擔(dān)憂，使用一些策略應(yīng)是會(huì)在你遇到困難時(shí)維持動(dòng)力。故選A。
【24題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：從最優(yōu)化你未來的職業(yè)開始，并考慮可以引導(dǎo)你到達(dá)那里的學(xué)術(shù)和專業(yè)道路。A. pursuing追求；B. ptimizing使最優(yōu)化；C. picturing描繪，想象；D. navigating導(dǎo)航。根據(jù)上文“creating a career plan(創(chuàng)建一個(gè)職業(yè)計(jì)劃)”可知，此處指使未來的職業(yè)最優(yōu)化。故選B。
【25題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：研究表明，有職業(yè)規(guī)劃的學(xué)生更有可能堅(jiān)持自己選擇的專業(yè)。A. persist堅(jiān)持；B. struggle掙扎；C. tlerate忍受；D. excel突出，出色。根據(jù)本段首句“One effective way t increase yur chances f success in yur majr is by creating a career plan.(增加專業(yè)成功機(jī)會(huì)的一個(gè)有效方法就是制定職業(yè)規(guī)劃)”可知，制定職業(yè)規(guī)劃能增加專業(yè)成功的機(jī)會(huì)，即制定職業(yè)規(guī)劃的學(xué)生更有可能堅(jiān)持他們所選的專業(yè)。故選A。
【26題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：反思你對工作的信念，你對各種學(xué)科的興趣和你的能力。A. Cmment n評論；B. Weigh dwn壓彎；C. Leave behind留下，不理會(huì)；D. Reflect n反思，思考。根據(jù)下文“Explring these factrs(探討這些因素)”可知，此處指反思各方面的因素。故選D。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，確定一個(gè)具體的職業(yè)，并概述你在大學(xué)里為這個(gè)職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備所需要采取的步驟。A. priritize優(yōu)先處理；B. utline概述，勾勒……的外形；C. revise修改；D. adjust調(diào)整，適應(yīng)。根據(jù)“the steps yu need t take in cllege t prepare fr that career”可知，確定職業(yè)后要概述在大學(xué)里為這個(gè)職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備所需要采取的步驟。故選B。
【28題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：或者他們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己更喜歡完全不同的學(xué)術(shù)專業(yè)。A. accustmed習(xí)慣的；B. cmmitted堅(jiān)定的；C. attracted被吸引的；D. resistant有抵抗力的。根據(jù)上文“Students smetimes drp ut f their selected majrs because they have becme dissatisfied with the academic area they have chsen.(學(xué)生有時(shí)會(huì)因?yàn)閷ψ约哼x擇的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域不滿意而放棄自己選擇的專業(yè))”可知，本句是描述學(xué)生放棄專業(yè)的另一個(gè)原因，即發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被別的專業(yè)所吸引。故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了避免這種情況，徹底調(diào)查你感興趣的職業(yè)以及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域。A. diagnse診斷；B. justify證明正當(dāng)；C. clarify闡明；D. investigate調(diào)查。根據(jù)下文“Cnsider whether a particular jb matches yur skills and preferences. Speak t prfessinals in the field t learn abut their daily wrk, and reflect n what aspects f the jb yu wuld enjy r dislike.(考慮一份特定的工作是否符合你的技能和喜好。與該領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士交談，了解他們的日常工作，并反思你喜歡或不喜歡這份工作的哪些方面)”可知，此處是說徹底調(diào)查你感興趣的職業(yè)以及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域。故選D。
【30題詳解】
考查固定短語辨析。句意：雖然一旦你的興趣變得明顯，你可以換專業(yè)，但你可以先選擇一個(gè)符合你興趣和能力的專業(yè)，這樣可以節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間和精力。A. in line with符合，與……一致；B. in prprtin t按比例，與……成比例；C. at dds with與……不一致；D. in harmny with與……和諧相處。根據(jù)句意以及“yu will save a gd deal f time and energy”可知，與換專業(yè)相比，一開始就選擇符合自己興趣的專業(yè)更加省時(shí)省力。故選A。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：準(zhǔn)備好迎接挑戰(zhàn)。A. Marvel成就，奇跡；B. Challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C. Transitin過渡；D. Majr專業(yè)。根據(jù)“Brace Yurself”和下文“when they receive their first lw grade n an exam(當(dāng)他們在考試中第一次得到低分時(shí))”可知，此處是說準(zhǔn)備好迎接挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。
【32題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你在大學(xué)的第一個(gè)學(xué)期面對難以置信的具有挑戰(zhàn)性的材料時(shí)，你可能會(huì)感到驚訝。A. cntemprary當(dāng)代的；B. stimulating振奮人心的；C. infrmative提供有用信息的；D. challenging有挑戰(zhàn)的。根據(jù)下文“when they receive their first lw grade n an exam(當(dāng)他們在考試中第一次得到低分時(shí))”可知，此處是說在大學(xué)遇到具有挑戰(zhàn)性的材料時(shí)你可能會(huì)很驚訝。故選D。
【33題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，你不應(yīng)該僅僅因?yàn)槟阍谝淮慰荚囍斜憩F(xiàn)不佳就認(rèn)為你選擇了錯(cuò)誤的專業(yè)。A. therefre因此；B. hwever然而；C. instead相反；D. therwise否則。根據(jù)上文“Students wh were at the tp f their class may be particularly shcked when they receive their first lw grade n an exam.(那些在班上名列前茅的學(xué)生在考試中第一次得到低分時(shí)可能會(huì)特別震驚)”和空后句意可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，平時(shí)名列前茅的學(xué)生在得到低分時(shí)會(huì)感到震驚，然而你不應(yīng)該因?yàn)橐淮蔚氖《J(rèn)為自己選錯(cuò)了專業(yè)。故選B。
【34題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：來自大學(xué)顧問和導(dǎo)師的負(fù)面反饋也會(huì)影響學(xué)生換專業(yè)的選擇。A. Psitive積極的；B. Distinctive獨(dú)特的；C. Negative負(fù)面的；D. Neutral中性的。根據(jù)上文提到的低分以及空后“can als influence a student’s chice t change their majr”可知，此處是說一些負(fù)面因素影響學(xué)生的專業(yè)選擇，因此是老師的負(fù)面反饋會(huì)影響學(xué)生換專業(yè)的選擇。故選C。
【35題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：失敗的可能性對學(xué)生來說是如此令人沮喪，以至于他們在第一天上課時(shí)就失去了雄心壯志，甚至在他們經(jīng)歷任何學(xué)業(yè)失敗之前。A. discuraging使人沮喪的；B. harsh嚴(yán)厲的；C. fierce激烈的；D. grave嚴(yán)重的，重大的。根據(jù)“they can lse their ambitin n the first day f class”可知，失敗的可能性對學(xué)生來說是如此令人沮喪，以至于他們在第一天上課時(shí)就失去了雄心壯志。故選A。
2023年1月春考
外刊來源：
Fr the past five years. I've been examining the prs and cns f reading n-screen versus in print. The _______bttm line is that while digital devices may be fine fr reading that we dn't intend t (41 ) _______r reread, text that requires what's been called “deep reading”is nearly always better dne in print.
Readers themselves have a keen sense f what kind f reading is best suited fr which (42) _______. My survey research with university students in the United Sates, Germany. and Japan reveals that if csts are the same, abut 90 percent ( at least in my sample ) (43 )_______ hard cpy fr schlwrk. If a text is lng, 92 percent wuld chse hard cpy. Fr (44) _______texts, it's a tss-up.
Digital reading als (45 ) _______distractin and invites multitasking. Amng American and Japanese subjects, 92 percent reprted it was easiest t cncentrate when reading in hard cpy.(The figure fr Germany was 98 percent. ) In this cuntry.26 percent indicated they were (46)________t multitask while reading in print, cmpared with 85 percent when reading n-screen. Imagine (47)_______with Finnegan's Wake while simultaneusly juggling Facebk and bking a vacatin fight. Yu get the pint.
Several pen-ended questins n my survey were particularly (48 )_______. I asked what peple liked mst ( and least) abut reading in each medium. Cmmn (49)_______fr what students liked mst abut reading in print included “I can write n the pages and remember the material easier” and “it's easier t fcus.” When asked what they liked least abut reading (50 )_______, a number f Japanese students reprted that it wasn't “real reading,” while respndents frm all three cuntries cmplained that they “get distracted” r “dn't absrb as much.”
My all-time favrite reply t the questin "What is the ne thing yu (51 )________abut reading in print?" came frm an American: "It takes me lnger because I read mre carefully. " Isn't careful reading what academe was designed t prmte?
Readings in the humanities tend t be lengthy, intellectually weighty, r bth. The (52)_______f digital reading fr the humanities is that screens-particularly thse n devices with Internet cnnectins-undermine ur encunters with meaty texts. These (53 ) ________weren't designed fr fcused cncentratin, reading slwly, pausing t argue virtually with the authr,r rereading. (54 )_______, they are infrmatin and cmmunicatin machines, best used fr searching and skimming-nt scrutinizing.
Teachers and schlars must lk beynd tday's career-mindedness in talking abut challenges t the humanities. We need t think mre carefully abut students' munting rejectin f lng-frm reading , nw (55 )_________ by digital technlgies that further cmplicate ur struggle t engage students in serius text-based inquiry.
41. A. make up B.take n C.hld utD.chew ver
42. A.designB. mediumC. cverD. cntent
43.A. prefer B.referC.ffer D.transfer
44. A. lwerB. higherC.shrter D. lnger
B.encuragesC.encavesD. cunteracts
46.A. likelyB. rderlyC. deadlyD. cleanly
B. satisfyingC. strugglingD.picnicking
48. A.recmmendingB. indicatingC.recgnizingD. revealing
B.additinsC.slutinsD.instruments
50. A. casuallyB.delicatelyC. digitallyD. instantly
51. A.disadvantageB. dislikeC.misjudgeD. declur
52. A.advanceB. suspectC.pleasureD. challenge
53. A.vehiclesB.services C.devicesD. figures
54. A. AccrdinglyB. RatherC.ThusD. Therefre
55. A.qualifiedB.terrifiedC.identified D.intensified
【答案】41-55 DBACB ACDAC BDCBD
【導(dǎo)讀】文章主要是對比了在屏幕上閱讀和紙質(zhì)閱讀的利弊。結(jié)論是，雖然數(shù)字設(shè)備適合閱讀不需要深入理解或重復(fù)閱讀的內(nèi)容，但對于需要進(jìn)行“深度閱讀”的文本來說，紙質(zhì)閱讀幾乎總是更好的選擇。調(diào)查研究顯示，大部分學(xué)生認(rèn)為紙質(zhì)閱讀更適合學(xué)業(yè)，尤其是長篇文本。數(shù)字閱讀容易分散注意力，容易引發(fā)多任務(wù)處理，而紙質(zhì)閱讀更利于專注。一些被調(diào)查者表示，在紙質(zhì)閱讀時(shí)很少分心，而在屏幕上閱讀時(shí)則經(jīng)常分心。針對喜歡紙質(zhì)閱讀的原因，調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，人們喜歡可以在紙張上做筆記、更容易記住材料和更容易集中注意力。對于不喜歡數(shù)字閱讀的原因，一些被調(diào)查者表示數(shù)字閱讀不是“真正的閱讀”，還有人抱怨容易分心或無法吸收足夠的信息。最后，文章呼吁教師和學(xué)者要關(guān)注學(xué)生對長篇閱讀的拒絕，特別是數(shù)字技術(shù)進(jìn)一步加劇了我們在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的以文本為基礎(chǔ)的研究方面的挑戰(zhàn)。
【解析】
41.D【解析]根據(jù)該空之后提及的reread(意為“重讀，再讀”)可推知，此處想要表述的句意為:“雖然數(shù)字設(shè)備可能適合閱讀我們不打算反復(fù)閱讀(chew ver)的內(nèi)容需要所謂‘深度閱讀’的文本幾乎總是在印刷品中做得更好”。故選D.matake n 承擔(dān):hld ut 保持;chew ver 細(xì)嚼;仔細(xì)考量。
42.B[解析] 結(jié)合該段所舉例子和文章提及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，再根據(jù)相關(guān)選項(xiàng)分析,可推知本篇文章講述的內(nèi)容與閱讀媒介相關(guān)，即填入 medium 更符合文意，即此句意為:“讀者自己對什么樣的閱讀最適合哪種媒介(medium)有著敏銳的感覺”故選 B。design n. 設(shè)計(jì);設(shè)計(jì)方案; 布局;安排;構(gòu)思; medium n.介質(zhì):方法:媒介;材料，形式;cver n.封皮;覆蓋物:掩蓋，掩飾; cntent n.內(nèi)容:含量。
43.A[解析] 結(jié)合該空前后提及的 90%的人選擇硬堵貝可推知，在所調(diào)查的人中這些人更喜歡使用這種方式，因此結(jié)合選項(xiàng)分析，A 項(xiàng)更符合文意。句意為:“我對美國、德國和日本的大學(xué)生進(jìn)行的調(diào)查研究表明，如果成本相同，大約90%的人 (至少在我的樣本中) 更喜歡 (prefer) 硬拷貝(即打印件) 作業(yè)”。故選 A。prefer v.更喜歡;較喜歡; refer v. 參考;指;描述;談及; ffer v. 提供:供應(yīng): transfer v.轉(zhuǎn)移(感情): 轉(zhuǎn)讓(權(quán)力等): 改變(環(huán)境)。
44.C【解析]結(jié)合上文提及的lf a text is lng. 92 percent wuld chse hard cpy可知，上文提及了“對于長文本，人們傾向于硬拷員一，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)分析，此處想表述的是一如果文本很長。92%的人會(huì)選擇硬拷員，對于較短的(shrter)文本，這是一個(gè)懸而未決的問題”。故選C。lwer adj:下面的，在底部的，低注的:higher adj.高等級的:糖到獨(dú)高的; shrter adj較相的，更短的; lnger adj比較長的; 長期的。
45.B【解析]連詞and前后連接并列端分，再根據(jù)該空之后提及的invites multitasking可知，數(shù)字閱讀會(huì)導(dǎo)數(shù)多任務(wù)處理。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)分析，B項(xiàng)符合文意。句意為:一數(shù)字閱讀也促進(jìn)(encurages)分散注意力，并引發(fā)多任務(wù)處理”。故選B。disarm v.解除……的武裝:裁軍:使無害,消除…的殺傷力; encurages v. 促進(jìn):激勵(lì);:刺激; encaves v.把.搬入洞中: 藏于洞中: cunteract v.抵消:抵抗:抵制。
46.[解析]結(jié)合該空之后提及的cmpared with 8.5 percent when reading n-screen可知，此處想要表述的是數(shù)字閱讀和印刷品閱讀對注意力分散的影響，根據(jù)上文可知印刷品閱讀注意力分散情況相對低一點(diǎn)。句意為:“在這個(gè)國家，26%的人表示他們在閱讀印刷品時(shí)可能會(huì)(likely)同時(shí)處理多項(xiàng)任務(wù)，而在屏幕上閱讀時(shí)這一比例為85%”。故選 A.likely adj.可能的:有希望的:預(yù)料的:adv.可能: 或許;rderly adj.有秩序的:整潔的;有條理的;表現(xiàn)良好的;adv.依次地:有規(guī)則地:有條理地;deadly adj.致命的;極度的;徹底的;枯燥的:adv.極其:非常;cleanly adv.干凈地;清潔地;干凈利落地; adj.愛清潔的;干凈的。
47.C【解析]結(jié)合上文提及的“多任務(wù)處理”可推知此處想要表述的是三個(gè)任務(wù)同時(shí)進(jìn)行，因此結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng),C項(xiàng)符合文意。句意為:“想象一下，一邊在Facebk上玩游戲，一邊預(yù)訂度假航班，一邊在《芬尼根守靈記》中苦苦掙扎(struggling)"。故選C。delight v.使高興:使愉快;使快樂; satisfy v.使?jié)M足:使?jié)M意:使確信:向……證實(shí):struggle v.斗爭;努力;奮斗;爭取;抗?fàn)? picnick v.野餐。
48.D【解析]根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，該空處填入形容詞，結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)可知，該句話想要表述的是“我的調(diào)查中有幾個(gè)開放式的問題特別有啟發(fā)性(revealing)”，故選D。recmmend v.建議;推薦;介紹;indicating v.表明;顯示:暗示:示意:象征;recgnizing v.認(rèn)識(shí);承認(rèn);(正式)認(rèn)可，接受，贊成; revealing adj.有啟示作用的;給人啟發(fā)的。
49.A【解析]結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，這里講述的內(nèi)容與調(diào)查問卷相關(guān)，再結(jié)合下文提及的a number f Japanese students reprted that it wasn't “real reading," while respndents frm all three cuntries cmplained that they “get distracted” r “dn't absrb as much”可知，該空應(yīng)該與被調(diào)查的人的回復(fù)有關(guān)，因此結(jié)合選項(xiàng)分析，該空處想要表述的是:對于學(xué)生最喜歡印刷品閱讀的內(nèi)容,常見的回答(respnses )包括“我可以在紙上寫字，更容易記住材料”和“更容易集中注意力”。故選A。 respnses n.響應(yīng);反應(yīng);回答;答復(fù);additins n.增加;添加;slutins n.溶液:解決辦法:答案;instruments n.儀器;儀表;器械:手段:器具。
50.C【解析]該段提及的內(nèi)容是被調(diào)查者關(guān)于印刷版閱讀和數(shù)字閱讀的相關(guān)反饋，結(jié)合該空之后提及的a number f Japanese students reprted that it wasn't "real reading," while respndents frm all three cuntries cmplained that they “get distracted" r "dn't absrb as much"可知，這里講述的內(nèi)容與數(shù)字閱讀的特點(diǎn)相關(guān)，即此處句意為:“當(dāng)被問及他們最不喜歡數(shù)字(digitally)閱讀的地方時(shí)，一些日本學(xué)生表示這不是‘真正的閱讀’，而來自這三個(gè)國家的受訪者則抱怨他們‘分心了’或‘吸收不了那么多’”。故選C。casually adv.隨意地:隨便地:漫不經(jīng)心地:delicately adv.合意地;digitally adv.以數(shù)字方式;數(shù)位地:instantly adv.立即:立刻:馬上。
51.B【解析]根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，該空需要填入動(dòng)詞，故可排除A項(xiàng)，再結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容可知，此處講述的是關(guān)于人們是否喜歡某種閱讀媒介的問題。因此此處句意為:“對于‘你不喜歡(dislike)在印刷品中閱讀的一件事是什么?’這個(gè)問題，我最喜歡的回答來自一位美國人……”。選B。disadvantage n.缺點(diǎn):不利因素;障礙:dislike vt.不喜歡;厭惡:不喜愛;misjudge vt.判斷錯(cuò)誤;錯(cuò)看:形成錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí):declur v.脫色;漂白。
52.D【解析]根據(jù)下文提及的particularly thse n devices with Internet cnnectins--undermine ur encunters with meaty texts可知此處講述的是數(shù)字閱讀的缺點(diǎn)，即此處句意為:“數(shù)字閱讀對人文學(xué)科的挑戰(zhàn)(challenge)在于，屏幕--尤其是那些連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的設(shè)備上的屏幕會(huì)破壞我們與豐富文本的接觸”。故選D。advance n.進(jìn)展;行進(jìn);進(jìn)步:預(yù)付款:suspect n.嫌疑犯:嫌疑分子:可疑對象:pleasure n.愉快:欣慰:榮幸:challenge n.挑戰(zhàn):質(zhì)疑:質(zhì)詢。
53.C【解析]上文提及了數(shù)字閱讀的缺點(diǎn)，結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)可知，此處與數(shù)字閱讀聯(lián)系最為緊密的是C項(xiàng)，即此處表述的是數(shù)字閱讀設(shè)備的缺陷。句意為:“這些設(shè)備(devices)并不是為了集中注意力、慢慢閱讀、停下來與作者進(jìn)行虛擬辯論或重讀而設(shè)計(jì)的”。故選C。vehicles n.車輛:手段，工具:交通工具:services n.公共事業(yè):服務(wù)性企業(yè);公共服務(wù)系統(tǒng):公共事業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu):devices n,裝置:設(shè)備;方法:儀器:figures n.位數(shù):算術(shù);數(shù)字符號:字碼。
54.B【解析]結(jié)合該空前后提及的fr fcused cncentratin,reading slwly, pausing t argue virtually with the authr, r rereading 和 they are infrmatin and cmmunicatin machines, best used fr searching and skimming-nt scrutinizing可知，該空前后是兩種完全相反的觀點(diǎn),因此B項(xiàng)符合文意。句意為:“相反(Rather),它們是信息和通信機(jī)器，最好用于搜索和略讀，而不是仔細(xì)查”。故選B。 Accrdingly adv.因此:相應(yīng)地:所以:照著:Rather adv.相當(dāng)?shù)?在某種程度上:有點(diǎn)兒，稍微;相反，反而，而是;Thus adv.因此:從而:這樣;所以:如此:Therefre adv.因此:所以;因而。
55.D【解析]結(jié)合上文提及的We need t think mre carefully abut students' munting rejectin f lng-frm reading可知,學(xué)生本來就對長格式閱讀有排斥感，再結(jié)合該空前后內(nèi)容和相關(guān)選項(xiàng)，推知此處想表述的是“我們需要更仔細(xì)地考慮學(xué)生們對長格式閱讀的日益排斥，現(xiàn)在數(shù)字技術(shù)加劇了(intensified) 這種排斥，使我們在讓學(xué)生參與嚴(yán)肅的基于文本的探究方面的斗爭更加復(fù)雜”。故選D。 qualified adj.有資格的;具備……的知識(shí)(或技能);具備……的學(xué)歷(或資歷); terrified adj.很害怕;恐懼;;極度驚慌的;identified adj.被識(shí)別的;經(jīng)鑒定的;被認(rèn)同的:intensified adj.加強(qiáng)的。
2022年1月春考
Artificially sweetened diet drinks make n difference t weight gain and shuld nt be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden cunterparts, accrding t a team f experts, A review f research evidence cncludes there is nthing t supprt claims that sugar free versins f ppular sft drinks can help (4l) _______besity and related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Industry spnsred studies reprting"favurable"assciatins between diet drinks and weight lss may be biased, it claims.
There have been cncerns that diet drinks, knwn as artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), might lead peple t cnsume mre calries by(42) ________sweet flavur taste buds. The new study fund that evidence (43) _________the healthiness f ASBs was incnclusive with randmized cntrlled trials (RCTs) prducing mixed results. Senr investigatr Prfessr Christpher Millett said: "A cmmn perceptin, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have n sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight lss when used as a(n)(44)fr full sugar versins Hwever, we fund n slid evidence t supprt this
The researchers pinted ut that research supprted by fd r beverage cmpanies was mre likely t find n evidence f links between sugary drink (45) _________ and besity than nn-industry spnsred research. Similarly, ASB industry-spnsred research was "mre likely t reprt favurable results and (46) ________ regarding ASB effects n weight cntrl”
In many cases. researchers had failed t disclse (47) __________f interest relating t links with the fd industry. it was claimed. Cauthr Dr Marin Carlina Brges said: “The lack f slid evidence n the health effects f ASBs and the ptential influence f bias frm industry funded studies shuld be taken seriusly when discussing whether ASBs are (48) __________ alternatives t SSBs ( sugar-sweetened beverages)."
Leading British nutritinist Prfessr Susan Jebb said despite the mixed evidence, there was n reasn t believe that replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened (49)________ did any harm She said , “Fr peple seeking t manage their weight , tap water is (50)__________the best drink t chse , fr health and the envirnment , but far many peple wh are used t drinking sugary drinks, this will be l hard a change t (51)_________. Artificially sweetened drinks are a step in the ( 52 )__________ directin t cut calries." Dietitian Prfessr Tm Sanders, was als critical f the research, calling it “an pinin piece rather than a ( n )(53)___________review f the evidence”. He ( 54)____________ “The cnclusin that reduced sugar r sugar-free drinks shuld nt be prmted r seen as part f a healthy diet seems unwarranted and likely t add t public (55 )_____________.”
A. relieve B. ppse C. prevent D. bther
A. inserting B. stimulating C.enhancing D.securing
A. resulting frmB. referring t C.depending nD. relating t
A. SubstituteB.prpsalC.suspectD.implicatin
A. EfficiencyB.cnsumptinC.distributinD.mdernizatin
A. appintmentsB.instructinsC.perfrmancesD.cnclusins
47. A. threatsB. matters C. cnflictsD.appeals
48. A. adequateB.essentialC.availableD. deliberate
49. A initiativesB.alternatives C.bjectivesD.representatives
50. A. withut questinB. beynd descriptin
C. arund the crnerD. in cnsequence
51. A. settleB. rute C. mendD. make
A. wrngB. rightC. prperD. ppsite
53. A. demcraticB. autmaticC. systematicD. dramatic
54. A. transferredB. ranged C. accessedD. added
55. A. fascinatin B. ambitinC.cnfusinD. Islatin
【答案】41-55 CBDAB DCABA DBCDC
【詳解】
41 C [解析]根據(jù)前文 “Artificially sweetened diet drinks make n difference t weight gain and shuld nt be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden cunterparts accrding t a team f expents. (一組專家稱，人工加糖的無糖飲料對增重沒有影，世不應(yīng)現(xiàn)為比合飲料更健康。)”，再分析選項(xiàng)可知此處說的是無糖再五法報(bào)助規(guī)防一些疾。句意為”一項(xiàng)對研究證據(jù)的綜述得出結(jié)論，沒有任何上歌支按通行款收的無鵬版本有助于預(yù)防(prevent) 肥胖和2型糖尿病等相關(guān)藥醒的說社，故選C.relieve v.解除，減輕，緩和: ppse v.反對(計(jì)劃、政通)抵: prevent v.防止: 剛止;照碼: bther v.打擾:花費(fèi)時(shí)間精力(做某事）。
42.B[解析]結(jié)合前面的“might lead peple t cnsume mre calries(導(dǎo)致人們攝入更多的卡路里)”，分析選項(xiàng)可知，這是甜味味蕾被刺激后的結(jié)果，此處句意為“有人擔(dān)心，被稱為人工加糖飲料(ASBs)的無糖飲料可能會(huì)刺激 (stimulating )人們的甜味味蕾，導(dǎo)致人們攝入更多的卡路里”，故選 B。inserting v.插入;入;stimulating v.促進(jìn);激發(fā)，刺激;enhancing v，提高;增強(qiáng);增進(jìn);securing v獲得，取得，實(shí)現(xiàn)。
43.D[解析]結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，此處用“與 ASBs 健康相關(guān)的”更符合語境及邏輯，此處句意為“新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與 ASBs 健康相關(guān)的(relating t) 證據(jù)是不確定的，隨機(jī)對照試驗(yàn)(rct)產(chǎn)生了混合的結(jié)果”，故選 D。resulting frm 由于;referring t提及;參閱; depending n 依據(jù)，根據(jù);relating t 關(guān)于;涉及。
44.A[解析]分析選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，為了減肥，人們會(huì)將無糖飲料作為全粗飲料的替代品，此處句意為“人們普遍認(rèn)為，由于“無糖飲料不含糖，所以作為全糖飲料的替代品(substitute)，它們肯定更健康，有助于減肥，這可能是受行業(yè)營銷的影響”，故選A。substitute n.代用品，代替者;代替者;prpsal n.提議建議;求婚;suspect n.犯罪嫌疑人;嫌疑犯;implicatin n.可能的影響(或作用、結(jié)果);含意;暗指。
45.B[解析]前面提到為了減肥，人們會(huì)將無糖飲料作為全糖飲料的替代品，分析選項(xiàng)可知，此處只有“含糖飲料的消費(fèi)與肥胖”更符合邏輯及語境。句意為“研究人員指出，與非行業(yè)贊助的研究相比，食品或飲料公司支持的研究更有可能找不到含糖飲料消費(fèi)(cnsumptin)與肥胖之間聯(lián)系的證據(jù)”，故選 B。efficiency n效率;效能;cnsumptin n.消耗，消耗量;費(fèi):distributin n.分配:分布;分發(fā);mdernizatin n.現(xiàn)代化;維新:現(xiàn)代化之事物。
46.D[解析]該詞與“results (結(jié)果)”并列，所以它們的意思應(yīng)該是相近的，分析選項(xiàng)可知此處應(yīng)選“cnclusins”。句意為“同樣，ASB 行業(yè)費(fèi)助的研究“更有可能報(bào)告關(guān)于 ASB 對體重控制效果的有利結(jié)果和結(jié)論 (cnclusins)“故選 D。appintments n.約會(huì);預(yù)約:約定;instructins n.說明書;指示;命令;perfrmance:n.表演;演出:cnclusins n. 結(jié)論:推論:結(jié)束。
47.C[解析]分析選項(xiàng)，此處用“利益沖突”更符合語境及邏輯，句意為“報(bào)告稱，在許多情況下，研究人員未能披露與食品行業(yè)相關(guān)的利益沖突(cnflicts)”，故選C。threats n.威脅;恐嚇;兇兆: matters n.課題: 事情; 問題:事態(tài);cnflicts n.爭執(zhí):爭論:(軍事)沖突:戰(zhàn)斗; appeals n. 上訴;申訴;吸引力。
48.A[解析]根據(jù)前面的“The lack f slid evidence n the health effects f ASBs and the ptential influence f bias frm industry funded studies shuld be taken seriusly(應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對待 ASB 對健康影響的確鑿證據(jù)以及行業(yè)資助研究的潛在偏見影響)”，再分析選項(xiàng)可知這是在討論 ASB 是否是含糖飲料的合格替代品時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮的問題。句意為“在討論 ASB 是否是含糖飲料的合格 (adequate) 替代品時(shí)，應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對待 ASB 對健康影響的確鑿證據(jù)以及行業(yè)資助研究的潛在偏見影響”，故選A。adequate ad;.充足的;足夠的;合格的;essential adj.本質(zhì)的;必不可少的: available adj.可獲得的;可購得的;deliberate adj. 故意的;蓄意的;存心的。
49.B[解析]結(jié)合前文及語境可推知此處句意為“英國著名營養(yǎng)學(xué)家蘇珊·杰布教授說，盡管證據(jù)好壞參半，但沒有理由相信用人工加糖的替代品 (alternatives)取代含糖飲料會(huì)有任何傷害”，故選 B。initiatives n.倡議;新方案:主動(dòng)性:alternatives n.普代品;可供選擇的事物: bjectives n.目標(biāo);目的: representatives n.代表;銷售代表。
50.A[解析]自來水就是最好的飲料。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知作者在此處想要表達(dá)的是“對下那些想控制體重的人來說，從健康和環(huán)境的角度來說，自來水無疑 (withut questin)尼最好的飲料選擇”，故選 A。withut questin 毫無疑間(表示強(qiáng)調(diào)自巴的觀點(diǎn);毫無疑問地;毫無異議地;beynd descriptin 難以形容，無法形容:arund the cmer 在拐角處:即將發(fā)生，在附近: in cnsequence 結(jié)果;因此。
51.D[解析]分析選項(xiàng)，“make a change (做出改變)”符合及語境，此處句為“但對于許多習(xí)慣喝含糖飲料的人來說，這將是一個(gè)太難的改變”，故選 D。settle v.解(分歧、糾紛等): 定居，結(jié)來: rute v.按某路線發(fā)送: mend v.修現(xiàn)，修補(bǔ):縫補(bǔ);make v.制作，制造，組裝。
52.B[解析] 結(jié)合語境及選項(xiàng)可推知此處句意為“人工加糖飲料是朝著減少卡路但的正確(right)方向邊出的一步”，故選 B。 wrng adj.錯(cuò)誤的，不對的 right adj.正確的;真正的，真實(shí)的: prper adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?，正確的:恰當(dāng)?shù)? ppsite adj.對面的;另一邊的;相反的。
53.C[解析]根據(jù)前面的“was als critical f the research”可知這個(gè)營養(yǎng)學(xué)家是對這項(xiàng)研究提出了批評的。分析選項(xiàng)可知此處句意為“營養(yǎng)學(xué)家湯姆·桑德斯教授也對這項(xiàng)研究提出了批評,稱其為·一篇觀點(diǎn)文章,而不是對證據(jù)的系統(tǒng)(systematic)回顧”，故選C。 demcratic adj.民主的;民主政體的;民主制度的;autmatic adj.自動(dòng)的;無意識(shí)的;不假思索的;systematic adj.成體系的;系統(tǒng)的;有條理的;dramatic adj.戲劇性的;引人注目的;戲劇的。
54.D[解析]這里還是該教授的觀點(diǎn)，所以該空為“補(bǔ)充道”。此處句意為“他補(bǔ)充道(added)”，故選 D。transferred v.(使)轉(zhuǎn)移，搬遷;(使)調(diào)動(dòng);轉(zhuǎn)職;ranged v.(在一定的范圍內(nèi))變化，變動(dòng);accessed v.訪問，存取(計(jì)算機(jī)文件); 到達(dá):進(jìn)入;使用;added v.增加;加添;補(bǔ)充
55.C[解析]根據(jù)前面的“The cnclusin that reduced sugar r sugar-free drinks shuld nt be prmted r seen as part f a healthy diet seems unwarranted (減小糖或無糖飲料不應(yīng)該被推廣或視為健康飲食的一部分的結(jié)論似乎沒有根據(jù))”，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是“很可能會(huì)增加公眾的困惑 (cnfusin)”。故選 C。fascinatin n.魅力;極大的吸引力;入迷;ambitin n.追求的目標(biāo):夙愿;野心;cnfusin n.混亂;混淆;困惑;islatin n.隔離，分離;孤立，孤獨(dú)。

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