?考點(diǎn)四 議論文
第一步 精準(zhǔn)刷題
Passage 1
(2021·河北邯鄲市高三三模）It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world, where people are meant to be connected. In this respect, digital technologies have 1 our life.
The possibility to be connected all the time has brought our personal space to a(n) 2 as we've known it. People have become so 3 in the world of networks that one can often be contacted even if they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text and e-mail, not only from our 4 , but from our mobile phones as well.
Most people have become 5 on digital technology simply because it has become a necessary part of life, and at this point not 6 it would make them an social outsider. 7 , many jobs and careers require people to be connected. From this point of view, being reachable might feel like a 8 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
But solitude (獨(dú)處） still can be possible for those who 9 want it. Computers can be 10 and mobile phones can be turned off. Of course, the choice to be “off” and “on” has many 11 as well as disadvantages. When travelers end up 12 in mountains, and mobile phones can mean life or death, although they can also make people feel 13 and forced to answer unwanted calls.
Actually, attitudes towards digital technologies as a society 14 widely. Some find them a gift. Others consider them a curse. Whether you like it or not, it's hard to imagine what life would be like without the 15 in digital technologies.
1.A.reshaped
B. respected
C. ignored
D. preserved
2.A.alarm
B. stage
C. end
D. balance
3.A.sensitive
B. intelligent
C. considerate
D. reachable
4.A.neighbors
B. computers
C. friends
D. monitors
5.A.impressed
B. hard
C. dependent
D. focused
6.A.finding
B. using
C. protecting
D. changing
7.A.Also
B. Instead
C. Otherwise
D. Therefore
8.A.pleasure
B. benefit
C. burden
D. shame
9.A.slightly
B. barely
C. merely
D. really
10.A.sold out
B. broken up
C. shut down
D. joined in
11.A.aspects
B. advantages
C. weaknesses
D. exceptions
12.A.hidden
B. lost
C. relaxed
D. deserted
13.A.trapped
B. excited
C. confused
D. amused
14.A.vary
B. arise
C. spread
D. exist
15.A.hopes
B. tests
C. interests
D. achievements
答案:
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章講述數(shù)字技術(shù)在給我們帶來了方便的同時(shí)也幾乎剝奪了我們獨(dú)處的機(jī)會(huì)。
1.A [reshape“重塑”；respect“尊敬”；ignore“忽視”；preserve“保存”。根據(jù)上文“It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world, where people are meant to be connected.”可知，數(shù)字技術(shù)幾乎剝奪了我們獨(dú)處的機(jī)會(huì)，所以從這方面來看，數(shù)字技術(shù)重塑了我們的生活。故選A.]
2.C [根據(jù)上文“It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world”可知，數(shù)字技術(shù)幾乎剝奪了我們獨(dú)處的機(jī)會(huì)，所以這種無時(shí)無刻不在的連接終結(jié)了我們的私人空間。bring... to an end意為“使······結(jié)束”。故選C.]
3.D [sensitive“敏感的”；intelligent“聰明的”；considerate“體貼的”；reachable“觸手可及的”。此處與下文“From this point of view, being reachable might feel like a 8 ”相呼應(yīng)，表示無處不在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓我們變得觸手可及。故選D.]
4.B [neighbor“鄰居”；computer“電腦”；friend“朋友”；monitor“監(jiān)視器”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示人們不僅可以通過電腦，也可以通過手機(jī)交談、發(fā)短信和電子郵件。故選B.]
5.C [impressed“印象深刻的”；hard“艱難的”；dependent“依賴的”；focused“集中的”。根據(jù)下文“because it has become a necessary part of life”可知，因?yàn)閿?shù)字技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為生活中必不可少的一部分，所以許多人已經(jīng)非常依賴它了。故選C.]
6.B[上文提到許多人已經(jīng)非常依賴數(shù)字技術(shù)了，如果不使用數(shù)字技術(shù)，他們就會(huì)成為這個(gè)社會(huì)的局外人。故選B.]
7.A [句意：另外，許多的工作和職業(yè)也需要人們保持聯(lián)系。根據(jù)下文“many jobs and careers require people to be connected”可知，此處講述另一個(gè)讓我們保持緊密聯(lián)系的原因，所以應(yīng)用表示補(bǔ)充說明的副詞。故選A.]
8.C [pleasure“快樂”；benefit“利益”；burden“負(fù)擔(dān)”；shame“羞恥”。根據(jù)下文“who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times”可知，無處不在的連接對(duì)于那些希望不被打擾的人來講確實(shí)是個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。故選C.]
9.D［slightly“輕微地”；barely“幾乎不”；merely“僅僅”；really“真正地”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示對(duì)于那些真正希望獨(dú)處的人來講，獨(dú)處還是有可能的。故選D.]
10.C [sell out“賣完”；break up“打破”；shut down“關(guān)閉”；join in“加入”。此處和下文“and mobile phones can be turned off”意思并列，表示如果真的想要獨(dú)處，可以關(guān)掉電腦和手機(jī)。故選C.]
11.B [aspect“方面”；advantage“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”；weakness“缺點(diǎn)”；exception“例外”。根據(jù)下文“as well as disadvantages”可知，此處表示選擇“開機(jī)”或“關(guān)機(jī)”各有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。故選B.]
12.B [hidden“隱藏的”；lost“迷路的”；relaxed“放松的”；deserted“遺棄的”。根據(jù)常識(shí)和“mobile phones can mean life or death”可知，如果有人在大山里迷路了，手機(jī)有可能會(huì)決定生死。故選B.]
13.A [trapped“被困的”；excited“激動(dòng)的”；confused“迷惑的”；amused“被逗樂的”。根據(jù)下文“forced to answer unwanted calls”可知，如果被迫接聽那些不想接的電話，人們會(huì)感到被束縛。故選A.]
14.A [vary“不同，變化”；arise“上升”；spread“傳播”；exist“存在”。根據(jù)下文“Some find them a gift. Others consider them a curse.”可知，人們對(duì)于數(shù)字技術(shù)的態(tài)度也是千差萬別的，有人視之為福音，有人視之為詛咒。故選A.]
15.D[根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，數(shù)字科技給人們的生活帶來了很多好處，這些是它的成就，由此可知，此處表示沒有數(shù)字技術(shù)成果的生活是很難想象的。故選D.]

Passage 2
(2021·湖南長(zhǎng)沙市長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)高三月考）A famous theorist once said, “I don't divide the world into the weak and the strong, or the successes and the failures ... I divide the world into the learners and the nonlearners.”
What on earth would make someone a non-learner? Everyone is born with an intense 1 to learn. Babies rise to the learning challenge daily. Not just for 2 tasks, but the most difficult ones of a lifetime, like leaning to walk and talk. They never decide it's too hard or not worth the 3 . Babies don't worry about making mistakes or 4 themselves. They walk, they fall, they 5 .
What puts an end to this fearless learning? A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become 6 of challenges. They worry about not being 7 . My research team have studied thousands of people from preschoolers on, and it's breathtaking how many 8 an opportunity to learn.
We offered four-year-olds a 9 :they could redo an easy jigsaw (拼圖） or try a harder one. Even at this young age, children with a fixed mindset stuck with the 10 one. They believe smart kids don't make 11
Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a 12 choice. Why would anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle 13 ? They chose increasingly difficult ones instead.
Believing that success is about learning, children with a growth mindset seized the chance. But those with a fixed mindset didn't want to expose their 14 . This is how a fixed mindset makes people into 15 .
1.A.fear
B. drive
C. competition
D. concentration
2.A.crucial
B. mental
C. ordinary
D. particular
3.A.attention
B. effort
C. interest
D. time
4.A.confusing
B. behaving
C. punishing
D. hurting
5.A. get up
B. give up
C. show up
D. shut up
6.A.afraid
B. ashamed
C. confident
D. ignorant
7.A.adorable
B. curious
C. modest
D. smart
8.A.seize
B. ruin
C. reject
D. require
9.A.lesson
B. choice
C. gift
D. game
10.A.challenging
B. interesting
C. new
D. simple
11.A.decisions
B. jigsaws
C. mistakes
D. predictions
12.A.strange
B. promising
C. profitable
D. difficult
13.A.repeatedly
B. unwillingly
C. automatically
D. properly
14.A.secrets
B. thoughts
C. preferences
D. weaknesses
15.A.theorists
B. perfectionists
C. non-learners
D. risk-takers
答案:
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了導(dǎo)致習(xí)得者和非習(xí)得者存在區(qū)別的原因，總結(jié)出是固定型思維模式導(dǎo)致了非習(xí)得者的形成。
1.B［句意：每個(gè)人生來就有強(qiáng)烈的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力。fear“恐懼”；drive“內(nèi)驅(qū)力”；competition“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；concentration“專心”。故選B.]
2.C [句意：不僅是為了普通任務(wù)，而且為一生中最困難的任務(wù)，像走路和說話。crucial“重要的”；mental“精神的”；ordinary“普通的”；particular“特別的”。上下文出現(xiàn)連詞“not just...but（also)”意為“不僅，而且”，表示并列關(guān)系，后半句提到了“最困難的事”，因此該題與“困難的”是同一范疇的詞。故選C. ]
3.B [attention“注意力”；effort“努力”；interest“興趣”；time“時(shí)間”。此處表示嬰兒生來就會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)，他們不會(huì)意識(shí)到這些任務(wù)是不是太難或者這些任務(wù)值不值得盡力去完成。故選B.]
4.D [confuse“使困惑”；behave“表現(xiàn)”；punish“懲罰”；hurt“使受傷”。根據(jù)下文的“They walk, they fall”可知，此處表示嬰兒會(huì)受傷。故選D.]
5.A [get up“站起來”；give up“放棄”；show up“露面”；shut up“閉嘴”。根據(jù)常識(shí)和該句子的順承邏輯，嬰兒走路、跌倒，然后再站起來。故選A.]
6.A [afraid“害怕的”；ashamed“羞愧的”；confident“自信的”；ignorant“無知的”。根據(jù)上文“What puts an end to this fearless learning?”可知，孩子一開始是不害怕學(xué)習(xí)的，但是這個(gè)過程被終結(jié)了，所以一些孩子開始害怕挑戰(zhàn)。故選A.]
7.D [adorable“可愛的”；curious“好奇的”；modest“謙虛的”；smart“聰明的”。根據(jù)上文“As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves”可知，孩子會(huì)評(píng)估自己，下一段“They believe smart kids don't make 11 .”提到一些孩子把自己與聰明孩子做對(duì)比，因此他們擔(dān)心自己不夠聰明。故選D.]
8.C [seize“抓住”；ruin“毀滅”；reject“拒絕”；require“要求”。根據(jù)上文“As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become 6 of challenges.”可推知，一些孩子開始害怕學(xué)習(xí)，因此拒絕學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選C.]
9.B [句意：我們提供給四歲的孩子一個(gè)選擇：他們可以重新做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的拼圖，或者嘗試一個(gè)更困難的拼圖。lesson“教訓(xùn)”；choice“選擇”；gift“禮物”；game“游戲”。故選B.]
10.D［challenging“富有挑戰(zhàn)性的”；interesting“有趣的”；new“新的”；simple“簡(jiǎn)單的”。根據(jù)下一段中的“Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a 12 choice.”和“They chose increasingly difficult ones instead.”可推知，成長(zhǎng)型思維模式的孩子會(huì)選擇困難的拼圖任務(wù)，因此固定型思維模式的孩子會(huì)選擇簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)。故選D.]
11.C [decision“決定”；jigsaw“拼圖”；mistake“錯(cuò)誤”；prediction“預(yù)測(cè)”。根據(jù)上文“A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become 6 of challenges. They worry about not being 7 .”可推知，固定型思維模式的孩子由于害怕自己犯錯(cuò)誤而選擇簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)，是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為聰明的孩子不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。故選C.]
12.A [strange“奇怪的”；promising“有希望的”；profitable“有益的”；difficult“困難的”。根據(jù)下文“Why would anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle 13 ？”可推知，成長(zhǎng)型思維的孩子會(huì)選擇困難的任務(wù)，覺得沒必要做簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)，所以對(duì)于為什么有這兩種選擇而感到奇怪。故選A.]
13.A [repeatedly“重復(fù)地”；unwillingly“不情愿地”；automatically“自動(dòng)地”；properly“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍?。根?jù)上文“keep doing the same puzzle”可知，這個(gè)任務(wù)是一直在做相同的事情。故選A.]
14.D [secret“秘密”；thought“想法”；preference“偏愛”；weakness“弱點(diǎn)”。根據(jù)上文可知，固定型思維模式的孩子害怕挑戰(zhàn)，擔(dān)心自己不夠聰明，所以不想暴露自己的不足。故選D.]
15.C [theorist“理論家”；perfectionist“完美主義者”；non-learner“非習(xí)得者”；risk-taker“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)者”。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容與第二段首句“What on earth would make someone a non-learner?”可知，通篇文章講述的是什么導(dǎo)致了習(xí)得者和非習(xí)得者的區(qū)別，文章最后一句總結(jié)了固定型思維導(dǎo)致了非習(xí)得者的形成。故選C.]

Passage 3
(2022·江蘇省南京市第一中學(xué)高三摸底考試）I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room. There, a robotic nurse 1 me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my 2 and gives me a(n) 3 . I pay for my visit using a credit card and return home without having met another human being. This is my nightmarish vision of the future, which hasn't happened 4 yet.
I should say I really do like many aspects of 5 . I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter. But I am writing this because I don't want machines to 6 .
When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am 7 . And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like 8 ,“When it comes to cashiers, make mine a(n) 9 ,please!”
After all, human cashiers sometimes 10 you a store coupon for items you are buying.
Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can 11 young mothers' day. A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person 12 to get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be 13 and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. 14 they lack an element so important to everyday life.
Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is 15 no machine will ever have. It is human being that encourages us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.
1.A.tears
B. directs
C. follows
D. separates
2.A.signals
B. symptoms
C. sculptures
D. symbols
3.A.description
B. assumption
C. prescription
D. subscription
4.A.at most
B. at last
C. at least
D. at intervals
5.A.commerce
B. agriculture
C. literature
D. technology
6.A.cut in
B. pass by
C, take over
D. go away
7.A.annoyed
B. thrilled
C. discouraged
D. disappointed
8.A.cursing
B. laughing
C. shouting
D. weeping
9.A.machine
B. human
C. animal
D. plant
10.A.give
B. remind
C. bargain
D. purchase
11.A.brighten
B. darken
C. strengthen
D. widen
12.A.turning
B. happening
C. describing
D. struggling
13.A.urgent
B. efficient
C. frequent
D. consistent
14.A.But
B. Because
C. Otherwise
D. Therefore
15.A.everything
B. nothing
C. anything
D. something
答案:
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文中作者想象了未來機(jī)器人接管一切的場(chǎng)景，感覺是噩夢(mèng)。作者認(rèn)為機(jī)器人雖然效率高，成本低，能很好地完成工作，但它們?nèi)鄙偃祟惒庞械撵`魂。
1.B [句意：在那里，一個(gè)機(jī)器人護(hù)士指導(dǎo)我站到秤上，然后給我。量血壓。tear“撕開”；direct“指導(dǎo)”；follow“跟隨”；separate“分開”。根據(jù)后文“me onto the scales”可知，此處指機(jī)器人護(hù)士指導(dǎo)作者稱體重。故選B.]
2.B [signal“信號(hào)”；symptom“癥狀”；sculpture“雕塑”；symbol“象征”。根據(jù)上文“in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my”可知，作者去體檢，機(jī)器人醫(yī)生記下作者的癥狀。故選B.]
3.C [description“描述”；assumption“假設(shè)”；prescription“藥方”；subscription“訂閱”。根據(jù)上文“He notes down my 2 and gives me a(n）”可知，機(jī)器人醫(yī)生記下作者的癥狀，然后給作者開藥方。故選C.]
4.C [句意：這是我對(duì)未來的噩夢(mèng)般的想象，至少現(xiàn)在還沒有發(fā)生。at most“至多”；at last“最后”；at least“至少”；at intervals“不時(shí)”。根據(jù)上文“This is my nightmarish vision of the future, which hasn't happened”可知，這些是作者對(duì)未來的幻想，所以至少現(xiàn)在還沒有發(fā)生。故選C.]
5.D [句意：我應(yīng)該說我真的很喜歡科技的很多方面。commerce“貿(mào)易”；agriculture“農(nóng)業(yè)”；literature“文學(xué)”；technology“技術(shù)”。根據(jù)下文“I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.”可知，作者喜歡空調(diào)、加熱器，即作者喜歡現(xiàn)代技術(shù)。故選D.]
6.C [句意：但我寫這篇文章是因?yàn)槲也幌胱寵C(jī)器接管一切。Cut in“插嘴”；pass by“經(jīng)過”；take over“接管”；go away“走開”。根據(jù)下文可知，作者不想和機(jī)器人通話也不想讓機(jī)器人給自己結(jié)賬，故可推測(cè)作者不想機(jī)器接管日常生活的一切。故選C.]
7.B [句意：當(dāng)我往我的牙醫(yī)辦公室打電話，發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)人在（接聽）電話時(shí)，我很激動(dòng)。annoyed“惱怒的”；thrilled“激動(dòng)的”；discouraged“沮喪的”；disappointed“失望的”。根據(jù)上文“I don't want machines to 6”可知，作者不想機(jī)器人接管一切，所以當(dāng)電話是人類接聽的時(shí)候，作者很激動(dòng)。故選B.]
8.C [curse“詛咒，咒罵”；laugh“笑”；shout“叫喊”；weep“哭泣”。根據(jù)下文“please”可知，作者對(duì)于自助結(jié)賬情緒激動(dòng)，shout符合語境。故選C.]
9.B [根據(jù)上文“I don't want machines to 6”可知，作者不喜歡機(jī)器接管一切，所以作者希望人類給自己結(jié)賬。故選B.]
10.A [句意：畢竟，人類收銀員有時(shí)會(huì)給你一張你所購(gòu)買商品的商店優(yōu)惠券。give“給予”；remind“提醒”；bargain“交易”；purchase“購(gòu)買”。根據(jù)下文“you a store coupon”可知，此處指給作者一張商店優(yōu)惠券。故選A.]
11.A [brighten“（使）快活起來，點(diǎn)亮”；darken“變黑”；strengthen“加強(qiáng)”；widen“擴(kuò)寬”。根據(jù)上文“real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children”可知，人類收銀員喜歡可愛的孩子，這可以讓年輕媽媽們開心。故選A.]
12.D [句意：收銀員也可能會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)掙扎著從錢包里拿出最后一分錢的老人表示同情。struggle“努力，掙扎”。根據(jù)下文“to get that last penny out of his purse”可知，此處指掙扎著從錢包里拿出最后一分錢的老人。故選D.]
13.B [句意：機(jī)器效率高，成本低，而且常常能很好地完成工作。urgent“緊急的”；efficient“有效率的”；frequent“頻繁的”；consistent“一致的”。根據(jù)下文“and cost-effective”可知，此處在介紹機(jī)器的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選B.]
14.A [句意：但它們?nèi)鄙偃粘Ｉ钪蟹浅Ｖ匾脑?。上文提到了機(jī)器的好處，下文則說它們?nèi)鄙僦匾?，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用but連接。故選A.]
15.D [句意：這是任何機(jī)器都不會(huì)有的東西。根據(jù)上文“Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart.”可知，作者認(rèn)為機(jī)器缺少靈魂，這是任何機(jī)器都不會(huì)有的東西。故選D.]

Passage 4
(2021·湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)高三期中檢測(cè)）To a large degree, the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment rather than yesterday or tomorrow. However, many of us are spending much of our lives 1 about a variety of things. We allow past problems and future concerns to 2 our present moments, so much so that we 3 frustrated and depressed.
On the other side, we also 4 our gratification(滿足感)and our happiness, often 5 ourselves that “someday” will be better than today. But the truth is that such a “someday” never 6 arrives.
John Lennon once said, “Life is what's happening 7 we're busy making other plans.” When we're busy making “other plans", the people we love are moving away and dying, our bodies are getting out of 8 , and our dreams are slipping away. 9 , we missed out on life.
Many people live as if life were a dress rehearsal for some 10 date. It isn't. In fact, no one has a 11 that he or she will be here tomorrow. Now is the only time we have, and the only time that we have any 12 over. When our attention is in the 13 moment, we push fear from our minds.
Fear is the concern over events that might happen in the future. To fight it, the best 14 is to learn to bring your attention back to the here and now. Keep practicing. Your efforts will 15 in time.
1.A.worrying
B. working
C. thinking
D. dreaming
2.A.promote
B. dominate
C. prevent
D. explore
3.A.end up
B. grow up
C. turn up
D. block up
4.A.accumulate
B. advance
C. forget
D. postpone
5.A.encouraging
B. congratulating
C. doubting
D. convincing
6,A.hastily
B. hopefully
C. actually
D. thankfully
7.A.after
B. before
C. until
D. while
8.A.order
B. shape
C. mind
D. date
9.A.In addition
B. In contrast
C. In general
D. In short
10.A.later
B. earlier
C. better
D. worse
11.A.response
B. demand
C. guarantee
D. resolve
12.A.advantage
B. concern
C. control
D. victory
13.A.present
B. precious
C. distant
D. awkward
14.A.lesson
B. promise
C. strategy
D. reference
15.A.build up
B. pay off
C. go away
D. add up
答案:
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了活在當(dāng)下的必要性和重要性，以及把注意力放在此時(shí)此刻，也能幫助我們克服不必要的擔(dān)憂和恐懼心理。
1.A [根據(jù)下文“past problems and future concerns”可知，此處表示我們中的許多人擔(dān)心各種各樣的事情。故選A.]
2.B [promote“促進(jìn)”；dominate“控制，支配”；prevent“阻止”；explore“探索”。根據(jù)上文“many of us are spending much of our lives 1 about a variety of things”可知，我們中的許多人由于經(jīng)常擔(dān)心過去和未來的問題，以至于受到這些問題的控制。故選B.]
3.A [end up“以······而結(jié)束”；grow up“成長(zhǎng)，逐漸形成”；turn up“調(diào)大，出現(xiàn)”；block up“阻礙”。根據(jù)上文“We allow past problems and future concerns to 2 our present moments, so much”可知，此處表示由于各種各樣的擔(dān)憂，最終以挫折和沮喪告終。故選A.]
4.D［accumulate“積累”；advance“提前，使前進(jìn)”；forget“忘記”；postpone“延遲”。根據(jù)下文“that' someday' will be better than today”可知，此處表示推遲滿足感和幸福。故選D.]
5.D [encourage“鼓勵(lì)”；congratulate“祝賀”；doubt“懷疑”；convince“使確信，說服”。此處表示我們常常會(huì)說服自己有朝一日滿足感和幸福會(huì)到來。故選D.]
6.C [hastily“匆忙地，倉促地”；hopefully“有希望地”；actually“事實(shí)上”；thankfully“感謝地，感激地”。根據(jù)上文“But the truth is that such a' someday' never”可知，此處表示事實(shí)上這一天不會(huì)真的到來。故選C.]
7.D [句意：約翰·列依曾經(jīng)說過：“生活就是當(dāng)我們忙于制定別的計(jì)劃時(shí)發(fā)生的事。”此處表示兩件事情同時(shí)發(fā)生。故選D.]
8.B [此處與上文“the people we love are moving away and dying”和下文“our dreams are slipping away”并列，表示身材走樣了。Out of shape“變形”。故選B.]
9.D [句意：簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們?cè)谏钪绣e(cuò)過了許多。in addition“另外，此外”；in contrast“相反”；in general“一般，大體上”；in short“簡(jiǎn)言之”。故選D.]
10.A [句意：許多人的生活就像是為將來某一天彩排。later“以后的，后來的”。故選A.]
11.C [response“回應(yīng)”；demand“需求”；guarantee“保證”；resolve“決心，決定”。根據(jù)下文“that he or she will be here”可知，此處表示沒人能保證未來發(fā)生的事情。故選C.]
12.C [句意：現(xiàn)在是我們唯一擁有的時(shí)間，也是我們唯一能掌控的時(shí)間。advantage“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”；concern“關(guān)心，憂慮”；control“控制”；victory“勝利”。故選C.]
13.A [句意：當(dāng)我們將注意力放在此時(shí)此刻時(shí)，我們就將恐懼拋諸腦后。present“現(xiàn)在的，目前的”；precious“珍貴的”；distant“遙遠(yuǎn)的”；awkward“令人尷尬的”。根據(jù)上文“Now is the only time we have”可知，此處表示“現(xiàn)在的時(shí)刻”。故選A.]
14.C [lesson“課，教訓(xùn)”；promise“承諾”；strategy“策略”；reference“參考”。根據(jù)下文“is to learn to bring your attention back to the here and now”可知，此處表示戰(zhàn)勝恐懼的策略。故選C.]
15.B [build up“逐步建立，增進(jìn)”；pay off“還清，取得回報(bào)”；go away“離開”；add up“加起來”。根據(jù)上文“Keep practicing.”可知，只要保持練習(xí)，努力就會(huì)有所回報(bào)。故選B.]

第二步 精深學(xué)習(xí)
Passage 1
Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住)customers, It sounds 1 and achievable. But, 2 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 3 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become 4 . They forget what they regard as the boring side of business- 5 that the customer remains a customer.
6 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 7 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 8 in its performance, Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的）customers led to 9 increases of between 25 and 85 percent.
The logic behind cultivating customer 10 is impossible to deny.＂In practice most companies' marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 11 them", says Adrian Payne," Research suggests that there is a 12 relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 13 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 14 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 15 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.
1.A.simple
B. difficult
C. tough
D. complicated
2.A.in particular
B. in reality
C. at least
D. first of all
3.A.emphasize
B. doubt
C. overlook
D. believe
4.A.carried away
B. carried back
C. carried on
D. carried through
5.A.denying
B. ensuring
C. arguing
D. proving
6.A.Moving
B. Hoping
C. Starting
D. Failing
7.A.culture
B. social
C. financial
D. economical
8.A.promise
B. plan
C. mistake
D. difference
9.A.cost
B. opportunity
C. profit
D. budget
10.A.beliefs
B. loyalty
C. habits
D. interest
11.A.altering
B. understanding
C. keeping
D. attracting
12.A.close
B. distant
C. deep
D. shallow
13.A.Assumed
B. Respected
C. Established
D. Unexpected
14.A.agreeable
B. flexible
C. friendly
D. sensitive
15.A.unfair
B. difficult
C. essential
D. convenient
答案:
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。很多公司把精力放在了吸引顧客上，而很少去關(guān)注如何留住老客戶，文章說明了留住老客戶的重要性。
1.A [根據(jù)“achievable”可知，此處表示聽起來簡(jiǎn)單易行。故選A.]
2.B [根據(jù)上文“Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留?。?customers.”以及設(shè)空前的“But”可知，事實(shí)上并不那么簡(jiǎn)單。故選B.]
3.C [根據(jù)下文“They forget”可知，成功吸引顧客之后，常常會(huì)忽略故事的另一部分。故選C.]
4.A [根據(jù)上文“In the excitement of beating off the ...managers tend to”可知，此處表示經(jīng)理會(huì)忘乎所以。carry away“使激動(dòng)得失去控制”；carry back“運(yùn)回；使回想起”；carry on“繼續(xù)”；carry through“（常指不顧困難）完成”。故選A.]
5.B [句意：他們忘記了他們認(rèn)為是無聊的一面卻正是確保留住客戶的一個(gè)方面。故選B.]
6.D [句意：如果不能集中精力留住和吸引客戶，每年都會(huì)給企業(yè)帶來巨額損失。故選D.]
7.C [根據(jù)上文可知，很少有公司知道他們失去了多少客戶，所以會(huì)對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)產(chǎn)生影響。financial implication“財(cái)務(wù)影響”。故選C.]
8.D [句意：公司減去失去的客戶數(shù)量會(huì)對(duì)它的業(yè)績(jī)產(chǎn)生很大的影響。這里指對(duì)業(yè)績(jī)有很大的影響。故選D.
9.C [根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，顧客少流失會(huì)帶來公司利潤(rùn)的增加。故選C.]
10.B [根據(jù)上文可知，留不住老客戶讓公司損失數(shù)千美元的潛在利潤(rùn)，所以要培養(yǎng)客戶忠誠(chéng)度。故選B.]
11.C [根據(jù)上文“focused on getting customers, with little attention paid”可知，此處表示應(yīng)留住顧客。故選C.]
12.A [根據(jù)下文“customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers”可知，留住老客戶，與客戶維護(hù)好密切的關(guān)系非常重要。故選A.]
13.C [根據(jù)下文“than new customers”可知，這里指已建立的顧客，也就是老顧客。故選C.]
14.D [根據(jù)常識(shí)和購(gòu)物經(jīng)驗(yàn)可知，老顧客往往對(duì)價(jià)格不太敏感。price sensitive“價(jià)格敏感性”。故選D.]
15.B[根據(jù)上文“Retaining customers”和下文“increase their share of a market”可知，留住客戶也使得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手很難進(jìn)入一個(gè)市場(chǎng)或增加他們的市場(chǎng)份額。故選B.]
Passage 2
People are said to learn from their experiences and their mistakes made in life. We agree with this because life 1 us what is correct to do.
Let's think of a student who didn't 2 for his exam, as a result, he received a bad mark. Maybe he didn't really 3 it, but later his teacher began to take him as a bad 4 in front of his classmates, the student would surely feel very 5 . He'd think that everybody saw him as a(n) 6 student. So he began to study hard and gradually he was 7 of getting a good mark, too.
Then, let's consider a mistake we have made while learning how to drive. As a beginner, it's common to 8 mistakes; but after doing something wrong once, twice, it is impossible to make the 9 mistake again. Everyone tries their best in order to 10 things.
On the other hand, 11 one is successful in everything, they cannot know what failure really 12 . They would only see the best part of things and they could 13 learn from the difficulties.
In the end, we can say that a person 14 to make mistakes in order to better appreciate things. They should know how to 15 people around them, how to behave well in the family.
1.A.cheats
B. teaches
C. forces
D. provides
2.A.wait
B. thank
C. choose
D. study
3.A.deal with
B. work out
C. care about
D. get to
4.A.example
B. memory
C. grade
D. challenge
5.A.helpful
B. upset
C. proud
D. surprised
6.A.talented
B. naughty
C. excellent
D. stupid
7.A.afraid
B. aware
C. capable
D. fond
8.A.make
B. avoid
C. find
D. accept
9.A.common
B. formal
C. same
D. simple
10.A.remember
B. improve
C. experience
D. save
11.A.so
B. if
C. though
D. because
12.A.wants
B. happens
C. forgives
D. represents
13.A.often
B. sometimes
C. never
D. always
14.A.needs
B. pretends
C. hates
D. regrets
15.A.guess
B. respect
C. refuse
D. meet
答案:
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了犯錯(cuò)誤對(duì)于一個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)過程有著積極的影響，即人們?cè)谧陨淼慕?jīng)驗(yàn)和錯(cuò)誤中不斷認(rèn)識(shí)自己和改正自己。
1.B [根據(jù)前文“People are said to learn from their experiences and their mistakes”以及后文“what is correct to do”可推知，此處表示生活教（teach)我們什么是對(duì)的。cheat“欺騙”；force“強(qiáng)迫”；provide“提供”。故選B.]
2.D [根據(jù)后文“he received a bad mark”可推知，此處指該學(xué)生沒有好好學(xué)習(xí)，為考試做準(zhǔn)備。study for the exam/test“為考試做準(zhǔn)備”。故選D.]
3.C [此處指也許該學(xué)生并不在意考試成績(jī)。deal with“處理；對(duì)付”；work out“計(jì)算出；鍛煉”；care about“關(guān)心；在意”；get to“到達(dá)；開始”。故選C.]
4.A [對(duì)于分?jǐn)?shù)考得差的學(xué)生，老師通常會(huì)作為不好的例子（example),當(dāng)著全班的面批評(píng)。故選A.]
5.B [根據(jù)前文可知，這位成績(jī)差的學(xué)生被老師作為反面教材，當(dāng)眾批評(píng)后，肯定會(huì)覺得很難過（upset).故選B.]
6.D [根據(jù)前文可知，這個(gè)學(xué)生成績(jī)差，所以在同學(xué)面前被批評(píng)了之后，該學(xué)生擔(dān)心其他人會(huì)將他視為笨（stupid)學(xué)生。talented“有才能的，有天賦的”；naughty“頑皮的，淘氣的”；excellent“杰出的，優(yōu)秀的”。故選D.]
7.C[此處指該學(xué)生開始努力學(xué)習(xí)，漸漸地也能夠考得高分。Be afraid of“害怕”；be aware of“意識(shí)到，察覺到”；be capable of“能夠，勝任”；be fond of“喜愛”。故選C.]
8.A [此處指作為初學(xué)者，犯錯(cuò)誤很正常。“犯錯(cuò)誤”的固定表達(dá)為 make mistakes.故選A.]
9.C [根據(jù)后文中的“again”可知，此處表示犯同樣的（same)錯(cuò)誤。故選C.]
10.B [根據(jù)前文可知，在做錯(cuò)同一件事情一次、兩次之后，就不可能再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。此處意為“每個(gè)人都盡自己所能去改進(jìn)（improve)”。故選B.]
11.B［此處是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。故選B.]
12.D［句意：如果一個(gè)人做任何事都會(huì)成功，他們就不會(huì)知道失敗代表著什么。represent“表示，代表”。故選D.]
13.C [根據(jù)前文“successful in everything”可推知，此處表示如果一個(gè)人做任何事都成功，那么他們就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)（never)從困難中吸取教訓(xùn)。故選C.]
14.A [根據(jù)前文“In the end”可知，本段是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，前文提及了一個(gè)人總是成功的弊端，此處是指人需要（need)犯錯(cuò)。故選A.]
15.B [根據(jù)后文中的“behave well”可知，此處指好的方面，即尊重身邊的人。故選B.]
Passage 3
Children and young people tend to have certain role models-people they want to be like when they grow 1 . Though at first children would have wished to copy their mother, father or a(n) 2 relative, gradually these role models are thought of as famous people or popular 3 .
People have different opinions about 4 popular stars or other famous people are good role models for children. Charming models, such as Katie Price, are often admired and 5 by young girls. This is the biggest worry of parents and teachers. They wish to 6 the concept that success is achieved through hard work and 7 rather than an attractive looking.
Most people tend to grow up to be those who are 8 home-their parents or family friends. Some decide to be like their favorite teacher. A child who loves to 9 may want to grow to be the next Picasso or Van Gogh; someone who loves to 10 might imagine themselves as a famous writer; if a child enjoys dancing, he or she may well admire a famous dancer, but this is not the 11 . A lot of dance students wish to be like their dance teacher.
Therefore, the job of a teacher is 12 just providing knowledge of a given subject. They should be able to 13 their students' trust and communicate with them well. Helping youngsters to learn from models, to learn how to accept 14 with grace and losing with dignity, is central to any parent's or teacher's job. Manners are very important and a dance teacher can 15 his or her position and influence to introduce good behaviors to youngsters.
1.A.younger
B. stronger
C. older
D. taller
2.A.generous
B. humorous
C. ordinary
D. favorite
3.A.fans
B. singers
C. stars
D. dancers
4.A.that
B. whether
C. why
D. if
5.A.caught up with
B. looked down upon
C. thought highly of
D. made fun of
6.A.hold
B. encourage
C. receive
D. ignore
7.A.luck
B. effort
C. imagination
D. creativity
8.A.similar to
B. far from
C. close to
D. different from
9.A.read and write
B. sing and dance
C. draw and paint
D. listen and speak
10.A.dance
B. think
C. sing
D. read
11.A.case
B. trouble
C. matter
D. deal
12.A.better than
B. more than
C. rather than
D. less than
13.A.accept
B. lose
C. receive
D. gain
14.A.challenging
B. failing
C. winning
D. falling
15.A.take charge of
B. lose control of
C. get rid of
D. make use of
答案:
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了很多青少年都將名人或明星作為自己的偶像。作者認(rèn)為，教師或家長(zhǎng)的中心任務(wù)是要引導(dǎo)青少年正確地向偶像學(xué)習(xí)，以正確的態(tài)度對(duì)待成功和失敗。
1.C [句意：孩子和年輕人都有自己的偶像，他們長(zhǎng)大之后想成為那樣的人。grow older意為“長(zhǎng)大，年齡增長(zhǎng)”。故選C.]
2.D [孩子把親戚作為自己的偶像，由此可以推知，這個(gè)親戚肯定是他最喜歡的（favorite).故選D.]
3.C [根據(jù)后文的“popular stars or other famous people”可知，逐漸地，孩子的偶像就會(huì)變成名人或明星（star).故選C.]
4.B [句意：人們對(duì)于以明星或名人作為偶像是否（whether)對(duì)孩子們好持不同觀點(diǎn)。故選B.]
5.C [此處和前面的“admire”并列，年輕的女孩子們對(duì)她評(píng)價(jià)很高（think highly of),經(jīng)常贊美她，以她為偶像。故選C.]
6.B[句意：父母希望鼓勵(lì)（encourage)孩子這樣的觀念：成功是通過努力獲得的，而不是迷人的外表。故選B.]
7.B [此處和前面的“hard work”并列，成功是通過努力（fort)獲得的。故選B.]
8.C [根據(jù)后文的“their parents or family friends”可知，大部分人長(zhǎng)大之后往往傾向于成為和自己離得近的人。故選C.]
9.C [根據(jù)后文的“Picasso or Van Gogh”可知，此處表示喜歡畫畫（draw and paint)的孩子希望成為下一個(gè)畢加索或梵高。故選C.]
10.D [根據(jù)后文的“writer”可知，此處表示喜歡閱讀（read)的人希望自己成為一名作家。故選D.]
11.A［此處表示但情況（case）并非總是如此。故選A. ]
12.B［句意：因此，老師的工作不僅僅(more than)只是向?qū)W生傳授知識(shí)。故選B.]
13.D [句意：他們應(yīng)該能夠獲得（gain)學(xué)生的信任，與學(xué)生們很好地交流。故選D.]
14.C [句意：教師或者父母的中心職責(zé)就是要幫助青少年向偶像學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)如何優(yōu)雅地接受勝利（winning),如何在失敗的時(shí)候保持尊嚴(yán)。winning和后文的losing對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C.]
15.D [句意：禮貌非常重要，舞蹈老師可以利用（make use of)自己的職位和影響將好的行為介紹給青少年。故選D.]
Passage 4
These days everyone wants to “get rich" overnight. We all 1 marrying someone from a wealthy family, making a lot of 2 , or winning the lottery(彩票).But do these things really make us happy? Many of the richest celebrities(名人)happen to be some of the most 3 people. They buy expensive houses and clothes that the 4 use. They may become 5 and even become addicted to 6 . They have become so focused on money and material things that they forget about the people and activities they 7 .
Now, more young people have the opportunity for a better education, and better chances of making a high 8 .These are great achievements, 9 will they make you happy? In the US, many young people believe that being rich and being happy are two 10 things. When attending university, they often choose to study subjects that they are 11 rather than subjects that will get them 12 jobs. Instead of majoring in “business” or “management", many American students today have majors like “theater” or “modern dance”. The 13 is that making a lot of money doesn't mean that you will be satisfied with your 14 .Nowadays, young people are 15 careers that they love doing rather than careers that pay well.
1.A.think of
B. dream of
C. care about
D. insist on
2.A.changes
B. friends
C. efforts
D. money
3.A.unhappy
B. happy
C. lucky
D. unlucky
4.A.always
B. really
C. never
D. personally
5.A.annoyed
B. depressed
C. satisfied
D. injured
6.A.work
B. games
C. adventures
D. drugs
7.A.love
B. hate
C. enjoy
D. know
8.A.salary
B. goal
C. degree
D. fame
9.A.so
B. and
C. but
D. or
10.A.difficult
B. different
C. pleasant
D. important
11.A.used to
B. familiar with
C. related to
D. interested in
12.A.high-paying
B. prize-winning
C. trouble-saving
D. long-enjoying
13.A.point
B. purpose
C. result
D. question
14.A.health
B. future
C. life
D. major
15.A.creating
B. avoiding
C. missing
D. choosing
答案:
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了擁有財(cái)富和擁有幸福是有本質(zhì)區(qū)別的?，F(xiàn)在的年輕人更傾向于選擇自己感興趣的職業(yè)，而不是一份高薪的工作。
1.B[根據(jù)上文提到每個(gè)人都想一夜暴富和下文可知，這些想法都是夢(mèng)想。dream of意為“夢(mèng)想做···..·”。故選B.]
2.D [根據(jù)語境可知，要快點(diǎn)富起來，要賺到一大筆錢。make a lot of money“賺大錢”。故選D.]
3.A [根據(jù)下文提到的那些有錢人的做法可知，他們中有些人并不幸福（unhappy).故選A.]
4.C [句意：他們購(gòu)買永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)（never)用的昂貴房子和衣服。故選C.]
5.B[此處和下文“become addicted to...”是并列關(guān)系，因此選擇 depressed“郁悶的，沮喪的，消沉的”。故選B.]
6.D [become addicted to ...常用來指“沉迷于”一些不良的嗜好。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，drug“毒品”符合語境。故選D.]
7.A [根據(jù)最后一句中的“that they love doing”以及上文的“people and activities”可知，只能用love,而不能用enjoy“喜歡”。故選A.]
8.A[本文主要講對(duì)財(cái)富的追求，這里和文章開頭呼應(yīng)，指現(xiàn)在的年輕人有更好的獲得高薪的機(jī)會(huì)。故選A.]
9.C [這里是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but.故選C.]
10.B[根據(jù)上下文可知，富有和幸福是不同的（different).故選B.]
11.D [根據(jù)下文“rather than"和“get them 12 jobs”可知，此處指選擇他們感興趣的專業(yè)。be interested in 意為“對(duì)······感興趣”。故選D.]
12.A[此處指不選擇與高薪工作相關(guān)的專業(yè)。high-paying“報(bào)酬高的”。故選A.]
13.A[此處指“問題的焦點(diǎn)”，point“要點(diǎn)”。故選A.]
14.C［此處指有錢并不意味著對(duì)生活（life)感到滿意。故選C.]
15.D［根據(jù)“rather than”可知，此處表示年輕人選擇那些他們喜歡做的而非高薪的職業(yè)，choose career“擇業(yè)”。故選D.]

在語篇中提升
1.attract(Passage 1第一段）
→attraction n.____________
be attracted by____________


attract one's attention____________

attract vt. ____________



be attractive to sb____________

attractive adj. ____________



單句語法填空
The Great Wall is an____________ ,whose scenery is very____________ ,and it____________ a large number of tourists every day.(attract)
2.appreciate vt. ____________ (Passage 2最后一段）
→____________ n.欣賞；感激
appreciate(one's)doing sth____________


I would appreciate it if... ____________

appreciate




單句語法填空
①I would appreciate____________ if you would come to attend my wedding ceremony.
②Children rarely show any____________ (appreciate) of/for what their parents do for them.
③I don't appreciate____________ (treat) like a second-class citizen.
3.achieve(Passage 3第二段）
achieve success____________


achieve one's dream____________


vt. ____________


achieve one's goal____________


achieve one's purpose____________


achieve


a sense of achievement________

make achievements/an achievement________

achievement n. [C] ________[U] _________



achievable adj. ____________





翻譯
I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do, so I cannot celebrate the achievements I've made although everyone says I should feel a sense of achievement.
我________________了原本希望做的一半，因此我不能慶祝自己所取得的________,盡管每個(gè)人都說我應(yīng)該有________.
4.rather than________________________________(Passage 4 第二段）
more than________ (尤用于強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)際數(shù)多么大）




no more than________ (相當(dāng)于________).(用于強(qiáng)調(diào)并不重要或數(shù)量少)




than的其他常用短語



nothing more than________



no less than________ (表示數(shù)目的驚人之多）






用than的相關(guān)短語完成句子
①You are buying direct, ________ through an agent.
②The guide contains details of________115 hiking routes.
③Lucille's home was very grandly called a chateau, though in truth it was________ a large farm.
④The company employs________ a couple of dozen people.
⑤It's worth a damn sight________ I thought.
答案:
1.喜愛；喜歡；吸引（力） 吸引，使喜愛，招引；引起（反應(yīng)）被······所吸引 吸引某人的注意力 有吸引力的；吸引人的 對(duì)某人有吸引力
單句語法填空
attraction; attractive; attracts
2.感激；欣賞 appreciation 欣賞／感激（某人）做某事 如果·····,我將不勝感激
單句語法填空
①it ②appreciation ③being treated
3.取得；獲得；實(shí)現(xiàn)；成功 取得成功 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的目標(biāo) 達(dá)成某人的目的成就，功績(jī) 完成，達(dá)到 取得成就 成就感 可實(shí)現(xiàn)的
翻譯
完成；成就；成就感
4.而不是；寧可·····也不愿 超過；不僅僅 只不過／僅僅；最多不超過；不到 little more than 不比···復(fù)雜；僅僅；只不過是 不少于／不低于；多至／多達(dá)
用than的相關(guān)短語完成句子
①rather than ②no less than ③nothing more than ④no more than ⑤more than

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