第07講：完形填空之高分思路點(diǎn)撥-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

知識(shí)梳理
演練
【考情鏈接】
一、題型介紹
上海高考英語完形填空不僅考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力，而且考查學(xué)生的邏輯推理和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)理解能力。歷年完形填空選材科學(xué)，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，主題明顯，但文章閱讀難易度指數(shù)(Readability)一般較大，區(qū)分度高，是歷年高考得分率較低的題型之一。備選項(xiàng)以實(shí)詞為主，涉及名、動(dòng)、形、副四類詞，有時(shí)亦會(huì)考察邏輯銜接詞或短語，突出詞匯等選項(xiàng)在語境及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)環(huán)境下的最優(yōu)匹配。命題主要思路：語義優(yōu)先于語法原則；上下文語境分析原則。
考查目標(biāo)：詞匯、語法等的綜合運(yùn)用能力，而且考查學(xué)生的邏輯推理和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)理解能力。
命題原則：是“以實(shí)詞為主，虛詞極少涉及，突出詞匯語境化”。
題型特點(diǎn)：該題型難度大，區(qū)分度高，是歷年高考得分率較低的題型。
二、設(shè)題焦點(diǎn)
上下文直接信息題
詞、句、文三結(jié)合理解題
詞義辨析題
語法知識(shí)和固定短語考查題
行文邏輯和全文中心把握題
【要點(diǎn)梳理】
一、解題策略
1.語義優(yōu)先于語法原則
文章的開頭部分尤其是第一句話不設(shè)空格，據(jù)此可以對(duì)所選短文的題材有大致理解，單純的語法題已從該題型中徹底消失。所以理解文章的主旨大意，快速識(shí)別語篇類型(是議論文還是說明文，并進(jìn)一步識(shí)別是其中具體某一類)，進(jìn)而預(yù)判篇章結(jié)構(gòu)以及作者的行文步驟和風(fēng)格，心中有了大致的藍(lán)圖之后，即可結(jié)合以下各種解題技巧和對(duì)文章意思的理解對(duì)每個(gè)空格作出正確的判斷。
2.詞內(nèi)選項(xiàng)句內(nèi)找原則
從近幾年的高考原題來看，近義詞或詞組的辨析正成為考試的熱點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)要么都是詞義相近的名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，要么都是近義動(dòng)詞的同一時(shí)態(tài)等，只能根據(jù)上下文的語境作出正確的選擇。如果提供的四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)詞義相差懸殊，則上文或下文肯定有答題提示，有時(shí)第一個(gè)空格要讀完全文才能回答。
二、解題技巧
解題技巧一：依據(jù)首句線索，緊扣主題選擇。
首句通常是文章的主題句，便于考生對(duì)短文主題、內(nèi)容或背景有個(gè)大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、論點(diǎn)等有用的信息。把握了主題句, 對(duì)于理解全文和解題很有幫助。
（2024年寶山區(qū)二模）
Fr decades, peple have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human wrkers. But develpments in the past few years have ___41___ these cncerns as cmpanies have released AI that can answer questins, write articles and create images. Nw, even peple in creative fields must cnsider the ___42___ f AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI prgrams are n substitute fr human ability.
41. A. deniedB. preventedC. transferredD. intensified
42. A. functinB. pssibilityC. capabilityD. character
【答案】41. D 42. B
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了人工智能的發(fā)展，它在某些領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用，但是人工智能并不能完全取代人類。
【41題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但隨著公司發(fā)布了可以問答問題、撰寫文章和創(chuàng)建圖像的人工智能，過去幾年的發(fā)展加劇了這些擔(dān)憂。A. denied否認(rèn)；B. prevented阻止；C. transferred轉(zhuǎn)移；D. intensified強(qiáng)化。根據(jù)下文“these cncerns as cmpanies have released AI that can answer questins, write articles and create images. Nw, even peple in creative fields must cnsider the ___42___ f AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI prgrams are n substitute fr human ability. (這些擔(dān)憂是因?yàn)楣疽呀?jīng)發(fā)布了可以回答問題、撰寫文章和創(chuàng)建圖像的人工智能?，F(xiàn)在，即使是創(chuàng)意領(lǐng)域的人也必須考慮人工智能的___2___取代他們。但許多專家仍然堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，這些人工智能程序不能替代人類的能力。)”可知，過去幾年人工智能的發(fā)展加劇了這些擔(dān)憂。故選D項(xiàng)。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，即使是創(chuàng)意領(lǐng)域的人也必須考慮人工智能取代他們的可能性。A. functin功能；B. pssibility可能性；C. capability能力；D. character性格。根據(jù)上文“Fr decades, peple have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human wrkers. (幾十年來，人們一直猜測(cè)人工智能（AI）最終將取代人類工人。)”及下文“But many experts still insist that these AI prgrams are n substitute fr human ability. (但許多專家仍然堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，這些人工智能程序不能替代人類的能力。)”可知，此處表示考慮人工智能取代他們的可能性。故選B項(xiàng)。
解題技巧二：仔細(xì)推敲, 注意邏輯關(guān)系和過渡詞。
做題時(shí),要充分利用上下文,找到適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系。?？歼壿嬯P(guān)系有：并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、對(duì)比、因果、讓步、例證等。分為以下5種關(guān)系：
對(duì)立關(guān)系
包括讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常見的標(biāo)志詞和短語：but, hwever, yet, n the cntrary, by cntrast, unfrtunately, althugh, even thugh, nevertheless, in spite f, regardless f, anyhw, instead f, rather than, nt…but等。
因果關(guān)系
常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：because, fr, since, as, thus, hence, therefre, s, s…that, such…that, in rder that, cnsequently, accrdingly, due t, thanks t, in respnse t, n accunt f, because f, cnsidering that, seeing that, in that, nw that, as a result, fr this reasn等。
并列關(guān)系
常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：and, r, neither…nr, either…r, nt nly…but als, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is t say, as well as, the same…as等。
總分關(guān)系
常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：such as, fr example, fr instance, t illustrate, as an illustratin, t take an example, mre specifically等。
遞進(jìn)關(guān)系
常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：then, besides, additinally, in additin, furthermre, mrever, what is mre, what’s wrse, even wrse等。
（2024年崇明區(qū)二模）
Furthermre,___47___ research is needed t knw what effect the classrm visual envirnment has n children’s attentin and learning in real classrms,” Fisher said. “___48___, I wuld suggest that instead f remving all decratins, teachers shuld cnsider whether sme f their visual displays d make it difficult fr yung children t ___49___.”
47. A. additinalB. prirC. natinalD. independent
48. A. HweverB. BesidesC. TherefreD. Meanwhile
49. A. stretchB. adaptC. cncentrateD. explre
【答案】 47. A 48. C 49. C
【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了心理學(xué)研究人員研究了課堂展示是否會(huì)影響兒童在教學(xué)過程中保持注意力和學(xué)習(xí)課程內(nèi)容的能力。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與沒有裝飾的教室相比，在裝飾得很好的教室里，孩子們更容易分心，花更多的時(shí)間不在任務(wù)上，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)也更差。研究人員希望這些發(fā)現(xiàn)將導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步的研究，以制定指導(dǎo)方針，幫助教師設(shè)計(jì)教室。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，還需要進(jìn)一步的研究來了解課堂視覺環(huán)境對(duì)孩子們?cè)谡鎸?shí)課堂上的注意力和學(xué)習(xí)有什么影響。A. additinal額外的；B. prir優(yōu)先的；C. natinal全國(guó)的；D. independent獨(dú)立的。根據(jù)上文“We d nt suggest by any means that this is the answer t all educatinal prblems.”提到作者并不認(rèn)為這是解決所有教育問題的辦法。由此可知，此處說明還需要額外的研究來了解課堂視覺環(huán)境對(duì)孩子們?cè)谡鎸?shí)課堂上的注意力和學(xué)習(xí)有什么影響。故選A項(xiàng)。
【48題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我建議老師們不要拆除所有的裝飾，而是應(yīng)該考慮一下他們的一些視覺展示是否會(huì)讓孩子們難以集中注意力。A. Hwever然而；B. Besides此外；C. Therefre因此；D. Meanwhile同時(shí)。根據(jù)上文提到的需要進(jìn)一步研究課堂視覺環(huán)境對(duì)孩子們影響，結(jié)合下文“I wuld suggest that instead f remving all decratins…”由此可知，前后句是因果關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。
【49題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我建議老師們不要拆除所有的裝飾，而是應(yīng)該考慮一下他們的一些視覺展示是否會(huì)讓孩子們難以集中注意力。A. stretch伸展；B. adapt適應(yīng)；C. cncentrate專注于；D. explre探索。根據(jù)上文“a classrm’s ______ envirnment can affect hw much children learn”提到教室的視覺環(huán)境會(huì)影響孩子們的學(xué)習(xí)。由此可知，此處說明我建議老師們應(yīng)該考慮一下他們的一些視覺展示是否會(huì)讓孩子們難以集中注意力。故選C項(xiàng)。
解題技巧三：根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系，辨析詞義。
（2024年奉賢區(qū)二模）
____25____ mney, all they culd affrd was sme PVC pipes and duct tape (強(qiáng)力膠布).____26____, they searched the city fr varius spare parts, gathering whatever they culd t bring their visin t life. With the teachers’ guidance and encuragement, they ____27____ tgether a rbt with n mre than metal and wires.
25. A. Reliant nB. Available tC. Shrt fD. Desperate fr
26. A. TherefreB. OtherwiseC. MreverD. Hwever
27. A. tiedB. piecedC. addedD. wrapped
【答案】 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了四個(gè)來自貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)生參加水下機(jī)器人比賽并獲勝的故事。
【25題詳解】
考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：由于缺錢，他們只能買得起一些PVC管和管道膠帶。A. Reliant n依賴……；B. Available t可獲得；C. Shrt f缺乏；D. Desperate fr渴望。根據(jù)后文“all they culd affrd was sme PVC pipes and duct tape”可知，由于缺錢，他們只能買得起一些PVC管和管道膠帶。故選C。
【26題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，他們?cè)诔鞘欣飳ふ腋鞣N備件，收集任何他們能把他們的愿景變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的東西。A. Therefre因此；B. Otherwise否則；C. Mrever此外；D. Hwever然而。結(jié)合前后文語境可知為因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)用therefre。故選A。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在老師的指導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)下，他們用金屬和電線拼湊出了一個(gè)機(jī)器人。A. tied系；B. pieced拼湊；C. added增加；D. wrapped包裹。根據(jù)后文“tgether a rbt with n mre than metal and wires.”可知，此處指他們用金屬和電線拼湊出了一個(gè)機(jī)器人。故選B。
解題技巧四：注意同形詞或詞組的辨析。
（2024年虹口區(qū)二模）
While the legal actin taken by Chile is the mst impactful and ____51____ t date, ther cuntries are cnsidering updating existing laws t face the new develpments in neurtechnlgies.
51. A. far-reachingB. labr-savingC. shrt-sightedD. ill-timed
【答案】 51. A
【解析】
本文為一篇說明文。德克薩斯大學(xué)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究在神經(jīng)科學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域引發(fā)了沖擊波。
【51題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然智利采取的法律行動(dòng)是迄今為止最具影響力和影響深遠(yuǎn)的，但其他國(guó)家正在考慮更新現(xiàn)有法律，以應(yīng)對(duì)神經(jīng)技術(shù)的新發(fā)展。A. far-reaching影響深遠(yuǎn)的；B. labr-saving節(jié)省勞力的；C. shrt-sighted目光短淺的；D. ill-timed不合時(shí)宜的。根據(jù)“the mst impactful”可知，空處與形容詞impactful并列，表示“影響深遠(yuǎn)的”，情感色彩一致。故選A項(xiàng)。
解題技巧五: 利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn), 選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。
（2024年嘉定區(qū)二模）
Since his vide, the cncept has caught n rapidly amng the ____47____, wh are pinting ut that it has cme at a significant time when everything is uncntrllably expensive.
This trend helps yung peple mderate spending by _____50_____ the idea f living within budgets.”
a cl way fr the yunger generatin t _____55_____ their finances.
47. A. maleB. femaleC. yungD. ld
【答案】 47. C
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：自從他的視頻發(fā)布以來，這個(gè)概念在年輕人中迅速流行起來，他們指出，這是在一個(gè)一切都不可控地變得昂貴的重要時(shí)刻出現(xiàn)的。A. male男性的；B. female女性的；C. yung年輕的；D. ld年老的。根據(jù)下文“but a cl way fr the yunger generatin t _______ their finances”可知，“大聲預(yù)算”是年輕一代掌控自己財(cái)務(wù)狀況的一種很酷的方式，這種理念很快在年輕人中流行起來。故選C。
（2023·上海金山·統(tǒng)考二模）
As a matter f fact, science has never been a(n) ___45___ effrt. Isaac Newtn std n the “shulders f giants”; Neil Armstrng’s “ne small step” was a dream realized by hundreds f thusands f engineers and scientists. Science is, and always has been, and repetitive prcess where individuals draw n discveries made by thers t ___(gradually)___ advance the bundaries f human knwledge.
45．A．terrificB．cnstantC．intellectualD．individual
【答案】D 【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章分析了諾貝科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)存在的問題，并給出了解決辦法。作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)一代科學(xué)家的成就被發(fā)揚(yáng)光大，推動(dòng)下一代科學(xué)家更上一層樓時(shí)，科學(xué)才能發(fā)揮最好的作用。
45．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，科學(xué)從來不是個(gè)人的努力。A. terrific極好的；B. cnstant不斷的；C. intellectual智力的；D. individual個(gè)人的。根據(jù)下文“Isaac Newtn std n the “shulders f giants”; Neil Armstrng’s “ne small step” was a dream realized by hundreds f thusands f engineers and scientists.( 艾薩克·牛頓站在“巨人的肩膀上”;尼爾·阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”是成千上萬工程師和科學(xué)家實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想。)”可知，科學(xué)不是個(gè)人的努力。再下文“Science is, and always has been, and repetitive prcess where individuals draw n discveries made by thers”科學(xué)是個(gè)人利用他人的發(fā)現(xiàn)逐漸提高的， individuals 這個(gè)單詞下文復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D。
解題技巧六：注意固定搭配，常用句型及生活常識(shí)以及文化背景確定選項(xiàng)。
（2023·上海虹口·統(tǒng)考二模）
The majrity f America’s 700,000 r s eateries nw ____(distribute)____ by means f a delivery app. Mdern life makes peple rely mre n cnvenience fd, as mre wmen wrk and everybdy is ____44____ time. In ding s, it has als changed ne f Silicn Valley’s mst criticized business mdels.
Restaurants entered the digital wrld tw decades ag when Takeaway.cm in Eurpe and Grubhub in America put menus ____45____.
44．A．friendly tB．experienced inC．shrt fD．respnsible fr
45．A．utsideB．rightC．nlineD．free
【答案】44．C 45．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了網(wǎng)上訂餐的興起和外賣公司面臨的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。
44．考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：現(xiàn)代生活使人們更加依賴于方便食品，因?yàn)樵絹碓蕉嗟呐怨ぷ?，每個(gè)人都缺乏時(shí)間。A. friendly t對(duì)……友好；B. experienced in在……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)；C. shrt f缺乏；D. respnsible fr為……負(fù)責(zé)。根據(jù)句中“mre wmen wrk”可推知，根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知：越來越多傳統(tǒng)上負(fù)責(zé)準(zhǔn)備食物的女性走向職場(chǎng)，所以大家時(shí)間都變得忙起來，都缺時(shí)間。故選C項(xiàng)。
45．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：20年前，當(dāng)歐洲的Takeaway. cm和美國(guó)的Grubhub將菜單放在網(wǎng)上時(shí)，餐館進(jìn)入了數(shù)字世界。A. utside外邊的；B. right正確的；C. nline在線的，網(wǎng)上的；D. free免費(fèi)的。根據(jù)句中“Restaurants entered the digital wrld”的背景知識(shí)可推知，Takeaway. cm和Grubhub將菜單放到網(wǎng)上。故選C項(xiàng)。
解題技巧七：仔細(xì)分析長(zhǎng)難句，找出主從句等。
（2023·上海寶山·統(tǒng)考二模）
Sme peple try t _____53_____ themselves frm the sng, and it wrks. Yu can try reading a bk, listening t a different sng r even playing an instrument. Others _____54_____ the tune in questin, because it is cmmnly believed that earwrms ccur when yu remember nly part f a sng; hearing the entire sng may stp it. Neurlgists (神經(jīng)學(xué)家) pint ut that it’s recmmendable t chew gum t reduce the _____55_____ f an earwrm because jaw mvement interferes with musical memry. Hwever, it’s imprtant t nte that this phenmenn usually lasts less than 24 hurs.
53. A. perceiveB. islateC. distractD. identify
54. A. seek utB. act utC. cast utD. knck ut
55. A. prprtinB. intensityC. integrityD. preference
【答案】 53. C 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了一直縈繞在人們腦海里的洗腦音樂的特點(diǎn)及擺脫它的一些方法。
【53題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人試圖讓自己從這首歌中分心，這很有效。A. perceive感知；B. islate孤立；C. distract使分心；D. identify識(shí)別。根據(jù)下文“Yu can try reading a bk, listening t a different sng r even playing an instrument.”可知，分散自己的注意力是一種有效方法。故選C項(xiàng)。
【54題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：另一些人則會(huì)找出有問題的曲調(diào)，因?yàn)槿藗兤毡檎J(rèn)為，當(dāng)你只記住一首歌的一部分時(shí)，洗腦音樂就會(huì)出現(xiàn)；聽完整首歌可能會(huì)讓它停下來。A. seek ut找出；B. act ut付諸行動(dòng)；C. cast ut驅(qū)逐；D. knck ut擊倒。根據(jù)后文“the tune in questin”可知，有些人會(huì)找出成為洗腦音樂的音樂片段，然后將歌曲完整聽完試圖停止腦海中的洗腦音樂。故選A項(xiàng)。
【55題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：神經(jīng)學(xué)家指出，建議嚼口香糖來減輕洗腦音樂的強(qiáng)度，因?yàn)橄掳偷倪\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)干擾
音樂記憶。A. prprtin比例；B. intensity強(qiáng)度；C. integrity完整；D. preference偏好。根據(jù)后文“because jaw mvement interferes with musical memry”可知，嚼口香糖可以減輕洗腦音樂的強(qiáng)度。故選B項(xiàng)。
附1：完形填空高頻詞匯
附2：完形填空常見形近詞：
fer
cnfer商議； 2.ffer提供；3.differ與不同；4.infer推斷；5.prefer更喜歡；6.suffer遭受；7.refer提及，參考；8.transfer轉(zhuǎn)移
2.frm
1.infrm通知；2.perfrm表演、表現(xiàn)；3.platfrm站臺(tái)；4.transfrm轉(zhuǎn)變、變革；5.unifrm制服；
1.frmal正式的；2.frmer前者；3. infrmatin信息；4.frmat格式；5.frmula方程式；6.frmatin形成
3.pse
1.cmpse組成；2.dispse處置；3.depsit存錢；4.expse暴露；5.impse強(qiáng)加；6.ppse反對(duì)；7.prpse提議、求婚；8. purpse目的；9.suppse猜想、假設(shè)
4.fine
1.define下定義；2.refine提煉；3.cnfine局限于；4.infinite無限的；5.finite有限的；6.finish完成
5.quire
1.require要求；2.inquire打聽，詢問；3.acquire獲得
6.serve
1.deserve值得；2.reserve預(yù)訂；3.cnserve保留；4.preserve保存；5.cnservative保守的；6.bserve觀察
7.vis
1.visin視力，遠(yuǎn)見；2.visual視覺的；3.visible可見的；4.televisin電視；5.visit參觀；
1.revise修改；2.device裝置；3.advise建議；4.supervise監(jiān)督
8.scribe
1.describe描述；2.prescribe開處方；3.script手稿
9.prt
1.exprt出口；2.imprt進(jìn)口；3.transprt運(yùn)輸；4. pprtunity機(jī)會(huì)；5.supprt支持；6.passprt護(hù)照
1.prtable可攜帶的；2.prtin部分；3.prprtin比例
10.part
1.partner伙伴；2.particular特別的；3.participate參與
11.pend
1.expend花費(fèi)；2.depend依靠；3.suspend延緩；懸??；4. indispensable不可或缺；5.expenditure花銷
12.sume
1.assume猜想、承擔(dān)；2.cnsume消耗、消費(fèi)；3.presume假設(shè)；4.resume簡(jiǎn)歷；重新開始
13.press
1.depress壓抑；2.express表達(dá)；迅速的；3.impress給…印象；3.cmpress壓縮；4.ppress壓迫5.pressure壓力
14.spect
1.aspect方面；2.respect尊敬，方面；3.perspective觀點(diǎn)；4.suspect懷疑；5.prspect前景；6.inspect檢查；7.expect期待
1.spectatr觀眾；2.spectacular壯觀的
1.species物種；2.special特別的；3.specialized專門的；4.specific具體的；5.specify具體說明
15.vail
1.available可用的；2.prevail流行
16.lect
1.select挑選；2.elect選舉；3.cllect收集；4.neglect忽視；5.intellect智力；6.dialect方言；7.reflect反映、反射
17.lieve
1.believe相信；2.relieve解放；3.achieve獲得
18.verse
1.adverse不利的；2.diverse各種各樣；3.universe宇宙的；4.reverse顛倒，倒轉(zhuǎn)；5.cnverse交談、相反的；6.university大學(xué)；7. versin版本，譯本；8. anniversary周年紀(jì)念日
19.vlve
1.revlve旋轉(zhuǎn)、革命；2.invlve包含、牽連；3.evlve進(jìn)化
1.vlume數(shù)額、音量
20.ssin
1.passin激情；2.cmmissin傭金、委員會(huì)；3.missin使命；4.sessin議程
21.ill
1.mill作坊；2.pill藥丸；3.spill濺；4.bill賬單；5.till直到；6.thrill激動(dòng)
22.mit
1.cmmit犯….錯(cuò)誤；2.mit省略；3.limit限制；4.permit允許；5.emit泄漏，釋放；6.transmit傳播；7.submit提交、屈服于；8.summit峰會(huì)
23.sue
1.issue話題2.pursue追求3.tissue（肌肉）組織
24.ray
1.pray禱告；2.spray噴射；3.tray托盤；4.betray背叛；5.gray灰色
25.stance
1.instance事例；2.distance距離；3.substance物質(zhì)；4.circumstance環(huán)境
26.stitute
1.cnstitute組成、憲法；2.institute機(jī)構(gòu)；3.substitute代替；
27.tract
1.attract吸引；2.distract（使）分心；3.cntract簽合同，收縮；4.abstract抽象的，摘要；5.subtract減；6.tractr拖拉機(jī)；7.extract提取：榨取
28.ceed
1.exceed超過；2.succeed成功、接替；3.prceed繼續(xù)
29.cede
1.recede衰退；2.cncede給予；3.precede在..之前
30.struct
1.structure結(jié)構(gòu)；2.instruct指導(dǎo)；3.cnstruct建筑；4.destruct毀滅
31.sist
1.assist協(xié)助；2.cnsist組成；3.resist反抗；4.persist堅(jiān)持；5.insist堅(jiān)持；6.sister姐妹
32.ash
1.clash碰撞；2.crash碰碎；3.smash粉碎
33.rrw
1.brrw借；2.narrw狹窄的；3.arrw劍；4.sparrw麻雀；5.srrw悲傷；6. tmrrw明天
34.llw
1.fellw伙伴；2.fllw跟隨；3.hllw空心的；4.pillw枕頭；5.yellw黃色的；6.allw允許；7.shallw淺的；8.swallw吞、燕子
35.tain
1.attain達(dá)到；2.cntain包含；3.btain獲得；4.stain污漬；5.sustain支持、持續(xù)；6.entertain娛樂；7.retain滯留；8.maintain保持
36.ulate
1.stimulate刺激；2.accumulate積蓄；3.calculate計(jì)算；4.speculate推測(cè)；5.regulate調(diào)節(jié)；6.circulate循環(huán)
37.prise
1.cmprise組成；2.surprise驚訝；3.enterprise企業(yè)
38.fuse
1.cnfuse使..疑惑；2.refuse拒絕；3.diffuse熔化
39.gress
1.prgress進(jìn)步；2.regress倒退；3.aggressive進(jìn)攻性的；4.cngress國(guó)會(huì)
40.ventin
1.cnventin傳統(tǒng)、會(huì)議；2.inventin發(fā)明；3.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；4.interventin干預(yù)；5.prevent阻止；6.event大事件
課堂精練
演練
【精選】上海市2024年各區(qū)一模完形填空難題易錯(cuò)題剖析：
※2024一?！钇?·50/51/52
Step 1: What is it that yu want t d
Decide what yu want t _____50_____ as small daily habits. Next, think abut hw and when yu will d this. _____51_____, cnsider the habits that affect happiness negatively and that yu want t break. Like me, d yu want t _____52_____ eating lunch at yur desk and get utside instead?
50. A. buryB. changeC. addD. delete
51. A. GenerallyB. AlternativelyC. EventuallyD. Initially
52. A. enjyB. imagineC. delayD. stp
【答案】50. C 51. B 52. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是大腦的習(xí)慣是如何形成的以及如何在生活中形成快樂的習(xí)慣。
【50題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：決定你想要增加哪些日常小習(xí)慣。A. bury埋葬；B. change改變；C. add添加；D. delete刪除。根據(jù)在上文中的“The brain adds a rutine f behaviurs tgether s they all happen ____7____ in sequence when activated by a signal (that rumbling stmach) t get us t a reward (my lunch)”可知，大腦會(huì)把這些行為加起來，在發(fā)出信號(hào)時(shí)會(huì)做出相應(yīng)的行為，由此可知，要形成快樂的習(xí)慣就需要決定想要“添加”那些日常習(xí)慣。要故選C項(xiàng)。
【51題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：或者，考慮一下那些對(duì)幸福有負(fù)面影響的習(xí)慣，你想要改掉這些習(xí)慣。A. Generally一般，通常；B. Alternatively要不，或者；C. Eventually最終；D. Initially最初。根據(jù)上文中的“Next, think abut hw and when yu will d this.”以及下文中的“cnsider the habits that affect happiness negatively and that yu want t break.”可知，兩者之間為選擇關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)使用“或者”符合邏輯。故選B項(xiàng)。
【52題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：和我一樣，你也想停止在辦公桌前吃午餐，到戶外去吃嗎？A. enjy享受；B. imagine想象；C. delay推遲；D. stp停止。根據(jù)下文中的“and get utside instead?”可知，取而代之的是去戶外吃飯，所以此處指的是“停止”在辦公桌前吃飯，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。
※ 2024一模·浦東·53
Evaprated water cls ht air, a prcess knwn as evaprative cling which is ____52____ in Huizhu skywells. In the past, Huizhu families cllected rainwater in their skywells because they believed this culd safeguard and bst their wealth. Skywells therefre have channels arund them t ____53____ rainwater cming frm the rfs.
53.A. cllectB. purifyC. drainD. evaprate
【答案】53. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了天井這一傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的起源和發(fā)展，闡述了天井的實(shí)際功能，并表明了在當(dāng)今中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑恢復(fù)存在的背景下，天井又開始出現(xiàn)在人們視野當(dāng)中。
【53題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，天井周圍有排水溝，用來排出屋頂?shù)挠晁?。A. cllect收集；B. purify凈化；C. drain排水； D. evaprate蒸發(fā)。根據(jù)前文“In the past, Huizhu families cllected rainwater in their skywells because they believed this culd safeguard and bst their wealth.”以及轉(zhuǎn)折詞hwever可知后句與前句構(gòu)成對(duì)立關(guān)系，可推知現(xiàn)在不再收集雨水，而是將雨水排出。故選C項(xiàng)。
※ 2024一模·閔行 ·50
A recent study f crss-cultural bservatinal data lasting the past 100 years—much f which was ___50___ by Man the Hunter cntributrs—fund that wmen frm a wide range f cultures hunt animals fr fd. 79 percent f the 63 scieties with clear descriptins f their hunting strategies reprtedly feature wmen ___51___. The wmen are invlved in hunting regardless f their childbearing status.
50. A. qutedB. ignredC. cllectedD. stred
【答案】 50. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究認(rèn)為女性也是人類歷史中重要的狩獵者，而不只是男性。文章詳述了研究的過程
【50題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最近一項(xiàng)對(duì)過去100年的跨文化觀察數(shù)據(jù)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，來自不同文化背景的女性都以捕獵動(dòng)物為食，其中很多都被“男性狩獵”的貢獻(xiàn)者忽略了。A. quted引用；B. ignred忽略；C. cllected收集；D. stred存儲(chǔ)。根據(jù)后文的“by Man the Hunter cntributrs”以及“wmen frm a wide range f cultures hunt animals fr fd”可知，來自不同文化背景的女性都以捕獵動(dòng)物為食，這件事被“男性是狩獵”的貢獻(xiàn)者忽略了。故選B項(xiàng)。
※ 2024一?！毶健?2
Ideally, childhd is a time f grwth and learning, preparing fr adulthd and als having fun. But fr many children arund the wrld, this time is cut shrt when they are frced t wrk, smetimes in dangerus cnditins. ___41___, the United Natins (U.N.), sme natinal gvernments and ther rganizatins ___42___ June 12 as the annual Wrld Day Against Child Labr.
42. A. recgnizeB. discverC. chseD. cnsider
【答案】 42. A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了理想情況下，童年是一個(gè)成長(zhǎng)和學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)期，為成年做準(zhǔn)備，也有樂趣。但對(duì)于世界各地的許多兒童來說，當(dāng)他們被迫工作，有時(shí)在危險(xiǎn)的條件下工作時(shí)，這段時(shí)間就縮短了。因此，聯(lián)合國(guó)、一些國(guó)家政府和其他組織將每年的6月12日定為世界無童工日。
【42題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，聯(lián)合國(guó)、一些國(guó)家政府和其他組織將每年的6月12日定為世界無童工日。A. recgnize認(rèn)定；B. discver發(fā)現(xiàn)；C. chse選擇；D. cnsider考慮。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“June 12 as the annual Wrld Day Against Child Labr.”由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示聯(lián)合國(guó)、一些國(guó)家政府和其他組織將每年的6月12日定為世界無童工日。故選A項(xiàng)。
※ 2024一?！ぜ味ā?7
Remember that interviews are mre abut making strng____47____than prving qualificatins. This is a tw-step prcess that will require sme hmewrk. First, identify what the rganizatin specifically needs frm this rle. Secnd, ____48____yur respnse t psitin yurself as the best persn t fill that need.
A. transitinsB. judgmentsC. matchesD. distributins
【答案】47. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了如何從面試官的廣泛?jiǎn)栴}中展示自己的亮點(diǎn)以滿足其需求。
【47題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：記住，面試更多的是為了找到強(qiáng)有力的匹配，而不是證明你的資格。A. transitins過渡；B. judgments判斷；C. matches匹配；D. distributins分配。根據(jù)下文的“psitin yurself as the best persn t fill that need”可知，組織需要一個(gè)最適合的人，說明了面試官要尋找為組織發(fā)展壯大所匹配的人才，故選C項(xiàng)。
※ 2024一?！て胀印?3/55
“The scientific evidence is ____53____ -- we will cntinue t see mre climate recrds and mre intense and frequent extreme weather events impacting sciety and ecsystems, until we stp ____54____ greenhuse gases,” read a statement frm Samantha Burgess, deputy directr f the Eurpean Unin’s Cpernicus Climate Change Service, which als ____55____ that this summer was the httest n recrd.
53. A. irresistibleB. unchangeableC. inaccessibleD. unbearable
54. A. cnveyingB. releasingC. relievingD. dismissing
55. A. predictedB. expectedC. dubtedD. determined
【答案】53. A 54. B 55. D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局的研究人員表示，上個(gè)月全球表面溫度比20世紀(jì)的平均溫度60.1度高出2.25度，打破了自2016年8月以來的記錄，高出了半度以上。同時(shí)，文章也講述了全球氣溫升高帶來的一系列問題。
【53題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)證據(jù)是不可抗拒的。A. irresistible不可抗拒的；B. unchangeable無法改變的；C. inaccessible難到達(dá)的；D. unbearable無法忍受的。根據(jù)下文“we will cntinue t see mre climate recrds and mre intense and frequent extreme weather events”可知，我們將繼續(xù)看到更多的氣候記錄和更強(qiáng)烈、更頻繁的極端天氣事件，因此科學(xué)證據(jù)是不可抗拒的。故選A項(xiàng)。
【54題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們將繼續(xù)看到更多的氣候記錄和更強(qiáng)烈、更頻繁的極端天氣事件影響社會(huì)和
生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，直到我們停止釋放溫室氣體。A. cnveying傳達(dá)；B. releasing釋放；C. relieving減輕；D. dismissing解雇。根據(jù)上文提到的我們將繼續(xù)看到更多的氣候記錄和更強(qiáng)烈、更頻繁的極端天氣事件影響社會(huì)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，以及下文“greenhuse gases”可推知，直到我們停止釋放溫室氣體，這些情況才有可能有所改觀。故選B項(xiàng)。
【55題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：該中心也確定今年夏天是有記錄以來最熱的。A. predicted預(yù)計(jì)；B. expected期待；C. dubted懷疑；D. determined確定。根據(jù)下文“this summer was the httest n recrd”和als可知，該中心也確定今年夏天是有記錄以來最熱的。故選D項(xiàng)。
※ 2024一?！S浦·46/47
Often, we lve fd because we have____46____ memries assciated with it. My mm’s mashed ptates (土豆泥) remind me f hliday jy and past reunins with extended family. We are als drawn t fds we were given early in life by peple wh cared fr us, which can help explain ur____47____ lve fr chicken ndle sup, which many parents feed their sick children t make them feel better.
46.A. culturalB. fndC. phtgraphicD. shared
47.A. cllectiveB. creativeC. lstD. parental
【答案】 46. B 47. A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者對(duì)媽媽做的土豆泥的喜愛以及食物之所以能起到安慰的作用是因?yàn)樗突貞浻嘘P(guān)。
【46題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通常，我們喜歡食物是因?yàn)槲覀冇信c之相關(guān)的美好回憶。A. cultural文化的；B. fnd美好的；C. phtgraphic攝影的；D. shared共同的。根據(jù)上文“Much f the happiness we get frm ur favrite fds cmes frm the memries”可知，我們喜歡食物是因?yàn)槲覀冇信c之相關(guān)的美好回憶。故選B。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們也會(huì)被小時(shí)候照顧我們的人給我們的食物所吸引，這有助于解釋我們對(duì)雞肉面條的集體喜愛，許多父母給生病的孩子喂雞湯，讓他們感覺好一點(diǎn)。A. cllective集體的；B. creative有創(chuàng)造性的；C. lst迷失的；D. parental父母的。根據(jù)下文“which many parents feed their sick children t make them feel better”可知，很多父母給生病的孩子喂雞湯，所以我們對(duì)雞肉面條有集體喜愛。故選A。
課后反饋
演練
When Harry tld me that he was leaving the cmpany, ne f the first things he said t me was that he didn’t like emtinal gdbyes. I have decided t take him at his wrd. Everything yu will hear me say tnight is straightfrward and ____21____, just like the man himself.
Harry has been in the finance department fr seven years. In that time, he has nt dne anything remtely ____22____. I asked several peple if they had anecdtes (軼事) abut him, and the best they culd cme up with is that he nce accidentally changed a frmula in the annual budget spreadsheet. Since the ____23____ was quickly sptted and fixed, it had n impact at all.
Will Harry be ____24____? Nt at all, thugh fr reasns that he may nt fully grasp. This is an evening in which the persn wh is leaving receives presents (as well as a card frm peple whse names yu dn’t recgnize but wh just lved wrking with yu). But the ____25____ ges bth ways. The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present: a cnvenient scapegat (替罪羊).
When smene dies, the cnventin is nt t speak ill f the departed. When an emplyee ____26____ a cmpany, it’s the ppsite. Things that dn’t wrk as well as they shuld can be laid at the dr f smene wh wn’t ____27____. Frustratins that have been suppressed can finally be blamed n smene. When we speak f yu, we will say things like “Harry had many strengths but...”, and we will ____28____ urselves that yu held us back a bit. This will nt be true, but it will be ____29____. I’d like t take this pprtunity t tell yu that we are grateful fr this _____30_____ act f service, which can last fr as lng as a year after smene has actually left the building. After that, memries tend t fade. I wish I culd prmise yu that yu are part f cmpany flklre, r that yur rle in banning plastic straws frm the ffice will ring thrugh the ages. _____31_____, the nly guarantee I can give is that n ne here will ever read yur exit-interview ntes.
This may all seem a little _____32_____. Yu have spent many years at the cmpany, and yet will prbably _____33_____. But in spite f that, yu shuld still feel _____34_____ in yur time here. T have dne yur wrk well and t leave at a time f yur chsing are achievements that are beynd mst peple. S please raise yur glasses t Harry. He has been an excellent clleague and wn’t really be _____35_____.
21. A. ff the guardB. t the pintC. in the swingD. n the hrizn
22. A. funnyB. impressiveC. crrectD. creative
23. A. breakdwnB. discveryC. mistakeD. crack
24. A. hatedB. rememberedC. adredD. frgtten
25. A. impactB. exchangeC. ceremnyD. end
26. A. jinsB. fundsC. refrmsD. exits
27. A. cme upB. answer backC. leave ffD. back away
28. A. persuadeB. infrmC. remindD. cautin
29. A. pintlessB. cnsequentialC. significantD. cnvenient
30. A. selflessB. grandC. finalD. accidental
31. A. InsteadB. OtherwiseC. BesidesD. Therefre
32. A. weirdB. amusingC. excitingD. sad
33. A. make n differenceB. leave little traceC. have sme sayD. prduce much impact
34. A. regretB. guiltC. prideD. pain
35. A. missedB. replacedC. erasedD. blamed
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，作者在Harry的離職派對(duì)上做了一個(gè)誠實(shí)的關(guān)于離職本質(zhì)的演講。
【21題詳解】
考查介詞短語辨析。句意：今晚你將聽到我說的一切都是坦率且簡(jiǎn)潔中肯的，就像他本人一樣。A. ff the guard不提防，不警戒；B. t the pint簡(jiǎn)明恰當(dāng)，簡(jiǎn)潔中肯；C. in the swing融入；D. n the hrizn在地平線上。根據(jù)空前and前的“straightfrward”和空后的“just like the man himself”可知，作者說的話非常坦率，就像Harry本人一樣，所以這些話也應(yīng)該非常簡(jiǎn)潔中肯。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在那段時(shí)間里，他沒有做過任何有趣的事。A. funny有趣的；B. impressive令人敬佩的；C. crrect正確的；D. creative創(chuàng)造（性）的。根據(jù)下文中的“I asked several peple if they had anecdtes(軼事) abut him, and the best they culd cme up with is that he nce accidentally changed a frmula in the annual budget spreadsheet.(我問幾個(gè)人是否有關(guān)于他的軼事，他們能想到的最好的軼事是，他曾經(jīng)不小心更改了年度預(yù)算表格中的一個(gè)公式。)”可知，作者曾問過其他人是否知道一些Harry的軼事，但大家都沒想出來什么特別的事情，所以這里是說他沒有做過任何有趣的事。故選A。
【23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤很快就被發(fā)現(xiàn)并修復(fù)了，所以根本沒有影響。A. breakdwn故障，損壞；B. discvery發(fā)現(xiàn)；C. mistake錯(cuò)誤；D. crack裂紋，裂縫。根據(jù)上文中的“he nce accidentally changed a frmula in the annual budget spreadsheet”可知，他曾經(jīng)不小心更改了年度預(yù)算表格中的一個(gè)公式，這是工作中的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。故選C。
【24題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Harry會(huì)被遺忘嗎? A. hated討厭；B. remembered記得；C. adred熱愛，愛慕；D. frgtten忘記。根據(jù)后句“Nt at all, thugh fr reasns that he may nt fully grasp.(一點(diǎn)也不會(huì)，盡管他可能沒有完全理解其中的原因。)”可知，后句是對(duì)前面提問的否定，再結(jié)合前文描述的Harry沒有做過讓人印象深刻的有趣的事可知，這里承接上文，提出這個(gè)人會(huì)不會(huì)被人們遺忘的問題，并引出下文否定的回答。故選D。
【25題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但這種交換是雙向的。A. impact影響；B. exchange交換；C. ceremny儀式；D. end結(jié)尾。前文“This is an evening in which the persn wh is leaving receives presents”講述了離職的人會(huì)收到別人送的禮物，后文“The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present”講述了離職的人也會(huì)給大家一個(gè)分別的禮物，所以這是種雙向的交換。故選B。
【26題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)一名員工離開一家公司時(shí)，情況正好相反。A. jins參加；B. funds創(chuàng)建；C. refrms改革，改良；D. exits離去，退場(chǎng)。根據(jù)空后的“a cmpany”并結(jié)合第一段中的“Harry tld me that he was leaving the cmpany”可知，這里是說一個(gè)員工離開公司。故選D。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：沒有發(fā)揮應(yīng)有效果的事情可以歸咎于不會(huì)辯解的人。A. cme up被提及；B. answer back辯解，頂嘴；C. leave ff停止，中斷；D. back away避免，退避。根據(jù)上文中的“The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present: a cnvenient scapegat(替罪羊).(離開的人也有他們自己的臨別禮物：一個(gè)方便的替罪羊。)”可知，離職的人會(huì)成為別人的替罪羊，當(dāng)事情沒做好時(shí)，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)人已經(jīng)離開，所以把責(zé)任歸咎到他身上也不會(huì)有任何辯解。故選B。
【28題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們談到你的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)說“Harry有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是……”之類的話，我們會(huì)說服自己，你有點(diǎn)妨礙我們了?！盇. persuade說服，勸說；B. infrm通知；C. remind提醒；D. cautin警告，告誡。根據(jù)空后的“that yu held us back a bit”和上文中的“Frustratins that have been suppressed can finally be blamed n smene.(壓抑已久的沮喪情緒終于可以歸咎于某個(gè)人了。)”可知，大家是故意把責(zé)任歸咎給離職的人，所以會(huì)在心底里說服自己。故選A。
【29題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這不會(huì)是真的，但這會(huì)很方便。A. pintless無意義的；B. cnsequential隨之而來的；C. significant有重大意義的；D. cnvenient方便的。but前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)前面“This will nt be true”并結(jié)合前文中的“a cnvenient scapegat(替罪羊)”可知，雖然這不是真的，但是這么做卻很方便。故選D。
【30題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我想借此機(jī)會(huì)告訴你，我們很感謝你為我們提供的最后服務(wù)，它會(huì)在有人真的離開這棟樓之后持續(xù)一年之久。A. selfless無私的；B. grand壯麗的；C. final最后的；D. accidental意外的。根據(jù)空后的“act f service”和前文中的“The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present: a cnvenient scapegat(替罪羊).(離開的人也有他們自己的臨別禮物：一個(gè)方便的替罪羊。)”可知，離開的人成為方便的替罪羊，這是這個(gè)人送給其他人的分別禮物，也可以說是最后能提供的服務(wù)。故選C。
【31題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，我唯一能保證的是，這里沒有人會(huì)看你的離職采訪記錄。A. Instead反而，卻；B. Otherwise否則；C. Besides而且，此外；D. Therefre因此。前文“I wish I culd prmise yu that yu are part f cmpany flklre, r that yur rle in banning plastic straws frm the ffice will ring thrugh the ages.(我希望我能向你保證，你是公司傳說的一部分，或者你在禁止辦公室使用塑料吸管方面所扮演的角色將會(huì)流傳千古。)”講述了作者不能保證離職的人能夠永遠(yuǎn)被人銘記，后文“the nly guarantee I can give is that n ne here will ever read yur exit-interview ntes”講述了作者只能保證沒有人會(huì)看他的離職采訪記錄，前后之間是轉(zhuǎn)折替代關(guān)系，應(yīng)用instead。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能看起來有點(diǎn)悲哀。A. weird奇異的，不尋常的；B. amusing逗人笑的；C. exciting令人激動(dòng)的；D. sad悲傷的。根據(jù)上文“After that, memries tend t fade.(在那之后，記憶就會(huì)漸漸淡去。)”和“the nly guarantee I can give is that n ne here will ever read yur exit-interview ntes”可知，離職的人不會(huì)給公司留下太多的記憶，唯一不會(huì)變的就是沒有人會(huì)翻看這個(gè)人的離職采訪記錄，所以這種現(xiàn)實(shí)讓人覺得有點(diǎn)悲哀。故選D。
【33題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：你已經(jīng)在這家公司工作了很多年，但可能不會(huì)留下太多的痕跡。A. make n difference沒有影響，不起作用；B. leave little trace留下很少痕跡；C. have sme say有發(fā)言權(quán)；D. prduce much impact產(chǎn)生許多影響。and yet前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前文“Yu have spent many years at the cmpany”說在公司工作了許多年，后面應(yīng)是說到最后離開時(shí)卻沒有留下多少痕跡。故選B。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但盡管這樣，你還是應(yīng)該為你在這里的時(shí)光感到驕傲。A. regret遺憾；B. guilt愧疚；C. pride驕傲，自豪；D. pain痛苦。根據(jù)前面的“in spite f that”可知，這里表示雖然在公司沒有留下太多痕跡，但還是應(yīng)該為自己在公司的時(shí)光感到驕傲。故選C。
【35題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他一直是一位優(yōu)秀的同事，大家不會(huì)真的想念他。A. missed想念；B. replaced代替；C. erased清除，消除；D. blamed責(zé)怪。根據(jù)前文中的“The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present: a cnvenient scapegat(替罪羊).(離開的人也有他們自己的臨別禮物：一個(gè)方便的替罪羊。)”和“Yu have spent many years at the cmpany, and yet will prbably ______.(你已經(jīng)在這家公司工作了很多年，但可能不會(huì)留下太多的痕跡。)”可知，離職的人會(huì)成為其他人的替罪羊，而且不會(huì)在公司留下太多痕跡，所以Harry離開后并不會(huì)有人真的想念他。故選A。

【2024-2025學(xué)年上海七寶中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期英語月考卷】
Befre 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been dne in hmes r shps by skilled artisans. As master craft wrkers, they imparted the knwledge f their trades t apprentices (學(xué)徒) and jurneymen (熟練工). ____21____ wmen ften wrked in their hmes part-time, making finished articles frm raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 1815 this lder frm f manufacturing began t ____22____ factries with machinery tended by unskilled r semiskilled labrers. ____23____ transprtatin netwrks, the rise f cities, and the availability f capital and credit all stimulated the shift t factry prductin.
Apprentices were cnsidered part f the family, and masters were respnsible nt nly fr teaching their apprentices a trade but als fr prviding them with sme educatin and fr ____24____ their mral behavir. Jurneymen knew that if they ____25____ their skill, they culd becme respected master artisans with their wn shps. Als, skilled artisans did nt wrk by the clck.
The factry changed that. Gds prduced by factries were nt as finished r elegant as thse dne by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way t the ____26____ t increase rates f prductivity. The new methds f ding business invlved a new and stricter sense f time. Absenteeism and lateness hurt prductivity and, since wrk was specialized, ____27____ the regular factry rutine. Industrializatin nt nly prduced a fundamental change in the way wrk was rganized; it ____28____ the very nature f wrk.
The first generatin t experience these changes did nt adpt the new attitudes easily. The factry clck became the symbl f the new wrk rules. One mill wrker wh finally ____29____ cmplained revealingly abut “bedience t the ding-dng f the bell-just as thugh we are s many living machines.” With the ____30____ f persnal freedm als came the lss f standing in the cmmunity. Unlike artisan wrkshps in which apprentices wrked ____31____ with the masters supervising them, factries sharply separated wrkers frm management. Few wrkers rse thrugh the ranks t supervisry psitins, and even well-paid wrkers sensed their ____32____ in status.
In this newly emerging ecnmic rder, wrkers smetimes rganized t prtect their rights and traditinal ways f life. The labr mvement gathered sme mmentum (動(dòng)力，勢(shì)頭) in the decade befre the Panic f 1837, but in the depressin that fllwed, labr’s strength ____33____. During hard times, few wrkers were willing t strike r ____34____ cllective actin. And skilled craft wrkers, wh led the unin mvement, did nt feel a particularly strng bnd with semiskilled factry wrkers and unskilled labrers. Mre than a decade f agitatin (激烈爭(zhēng)論) did finally bring a wrkday shrtened t 10 hurs t mst industries by the 1850s’, and the curts als recgnized wrkers’ right t strike, but these ____35____ had little immediate impact.
21. A. OtherwiseB. MreverC. HweverD. Therefre
22. A. give way tB. make up frC. get rid fD. end up with
23. A. ExpensiveB. PublicC. DifficultD. Cheap
24. A. displayingB. supervisingC. respectingD. predicting
25. A. sharedB. assessedC. perfectedD. applied
26. A. pressureB. hatredC. freedmD. disappintment
27. A. fllwedB. brkeC. establishedD. fixed
28. A. ignredB. demandedC. guaranteedD. transfrmed
29. A. succeededB. recveredC. quittedD. revenged
30. A. restratinB. changeC. lssD. prtectin
31. A. clselyB. efficientlyC. independentlyD. diligently
32. A. stabilityB. independenceC. declineD. security
33. A. maintainedB. develpedC. returnedD. cllapsed
34. A. prtest againstB. give upC. accunt frD. engage in
35. A. emphasesB. limitsC. evidencesD. gains
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文屬于說明文，文章描述了美國(guó)從1815年前后制造業(yè)從傳統(tǒng)的手工藝生產(chǎn)方式向機(jī)械化、工廠化生產(chǎn)方式轉(zhuǎn)變的歷史過程。文章詳細(xì)介紹了這一轉(zhuǎn)型對(duì)工作組織方式、工人地位及勞資關(guān)系等方面的影響，同時(shí)也反映了早期勞動(dòng)者的抵抗和勞工運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展。
【21題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，婦女經(jīng)常在家里兼職，用商業(yè)資本家提供的原料制作成品。A. Otherwise否則；B. Mrever此外；C. Hwever然而；D. Therefre因此。根據(jù)上文“Befre 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been dne in hmes r shps by skilled artisans. As master craft wrkers, they imparted the knwledge f their trades t apprentices (學(xué)徒) and jurneymen (熟練工). ”和下文“wmen ften wrked in their hmes part-time, making finished articles frm raw material supplied by merchant capitalists”可知，1815年以前，美國(guó)的制造業(yè)是由熟練的工匠在家里或商店里完成的。作為手藝大師，他們將自己的手藝傳授給學(xué)徒和熟練工，下文是對(duì)上文1815年以前，美國(guó)的制造業(yè)狀況的補(bǔ)充說明，用Mrever。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：1815年后，這種舊的生產(chǎn)形式開始讓位于由非熟練或半熟練工人操作機(jī)器的工廠。A. give way t讓位于；B. make up fr彌補(bǔ)；C. get rid f擺脫；D. end up with以……結(jié)束。根據(jù)下文“factries with machinery tended by unskilled r semiskilled labrers”可知，此處描述的是生產(chǎn)方式的變化，即傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)方式被新的生產(chǎn)方式取代。故選A。
【23題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：廉價(jià)的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)、城市的興起以及資本和信貸的可獲得性都刺激了向工廠生產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變。A. Expensive昂貴的；B. Public公共的；C. Difficult困難的；D. Cheap便宜的。根據(jù)下文“transprtatin netwrks, the rise f cities, and the availability f capital and credit all stimulated the shift t factry prductin”和常識(shí)可知，工業(yè)革命時(shí)期交通成本降低，即廉價(jià)的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，有助于促進(jìn)商品運(yùn)輸和市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)展。故選D。
【24題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)徒被認(rèn)為是家庭的一部分，師傅不僅要負(fù)責(zé)教學(xué)徒一門手藝，還要為他們提供一些教育，并監(jiān)督他們的道德行為。A. displaying展示；B. supervising監(jiān)督；C. respecting尊敬；D. predicting預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)上文“masters were respnsible nt nly fr teaching their apprentices a trade but als fr prviding them with sme educatin and fr”和下文“their mral behavir”可知，師傅有責(zé)任確保學(xué)徒的行為符合社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即師傅監(jiān)督學(xué)徒的道德行為。故選B。
【25題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：熟練工知道如果他們完善自己的技能，就可以成為受人尊敬的大師級(jí)工匠，并擁有自己的店鋪。A. shared分享；B. assessed評(píng)估；C. perfected完善；D. applied應(yīng)用。根據(jù)下文“their skill, they culd becme respected master artisans with their wn shps”可知，熟練工通過提高自己的技術(shù)水平，即完善自己的技能，達(dá)到職業(yè)上的成功。故選C。
【26題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品不像手工生產(chǎn)的那樣完美和優(yōu)雅，對(duì)工藝的自豪感讓位于提高生產(chǎn)率的壓力。A. pressure壓力；B. hatred仇恨；C. freedm自由；D. disappintment失望。根據(jù)上文“pride in craftsmanship gave way t the”和下文“t increase rates f prductivity”可知，這里指工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中更加注重效率而非產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量或個(gè)人成就，即，對(duì)工藝的自豪感讓位于提高生產(chǎn)率的壓力。故選A。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：曠工和遲到影響了生產(chǎn)力，而且由于工作是專業(yè)化的，也打破了工廠的常規(guī)。A. fllwed跟隨；B. brke破壞，打破；C. established建立；D. fixed固定。根據(jù)上文“Absenteeism and lateness hurt prductivity and, since wrk was specialized”和下文“the regular factry rutine”可知，這里描述的是工人遲到等行為對(duì)工廠運(yùn)作的影響，曠工和遲到影響了生產(chǎn)力，打破了工廠的常規(guī)。故選B。
【28題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：工業(yè)化不僅使工作組織方式發(fā)生了根本變化；它改變了工作的本質(zhì)。A. ignred忽略；B. demanded要求；C. guaranteed保證；D. transfrmed改變。根據(jù)上文“Industrializatin nt nly prduced a fundamental change in the way wrk was rganized”和下文“the very nature f wrk”可知，工業(yè)化不僅使工作組織方式發(fā)生了根本變化，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是工業(yè)革命對(duì)工作性質(zhì)的根本性影響，它改變了工作的本質(zhì)。故選D。
【29題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一位最終辭職的工廠工人透露地抱怨說：“對(duì)叮當(dāng)作響的鐘的順從，就好像我們是許多活的機(jī)器一樣?！盇. succeeded成功；B. recvered恢復(fù)；C. quitted退出，離開，辭職；D. revenged復(fù)仇。根據(jù)下文“cmplained revealingly abut “bedience t the ding-dng f the bell-just as thugh we are s many living machines.””可知，某位工人很不適應(yīng)新的工作環(huán)境，最終辭職。故選C。
【30題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著個(gè)人自由的喪失，他們?cè)谏鐓^(qū)中的地位也隨之下降。A. restratin恢復(fù)；B. change變化；C. lss喪失；D. prtectin保護(hù)。根據(jù)上文“bedience t the ding-dng f the bell-just as thugh we are s many living machines”和下文“f persnal freedm”可知，這里指的是個(gè)人在工業(yè)時(shí)代失去了相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)手工藝時(shí)代的某些自由。故選C。
【31題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不像手工藝作坊中徒弟與師傅近距離監(jiān)督工作，工廠嚴(yán)格區(qū)分了工人和管理層。A. clsely緊密地；B. efficiently高效地；C. independently獨(dú)立地；D. diligently勤奮地。根據(jù)上文“Apprentices were cnsidered part f the family, and masters were respnsible nt nly fr teaching their apprentices a trade but als fr prviding them with sme educatin”和“artisan wrkshps in which apprentices wrked”可知，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是手工藝作坊中師徒之間的密切關(guān)系。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很少有工人能晉升到主管職位，甚至高薪工人也感到自己的地位在下降。A. stability穩(wěn)定性；B. independence獨(dú)立性；C. decline下降；D. security安全性。根據(jù)上文“Few wrkers rse thrugh the ranks t supervisry psitins, and even well-paid wrkers sensed their”可知，這里指的是工人在工業(yè)時(shí)代相對(duì)地位的下降。故選C。
【33題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在1837年大恐慌之前的十年里，勞工運(yùn)動(dòng)積聚了一些勢(shì)頭，但在隨后的大蕭條中，勞工的力量崩潰了。A. maintained維持；B. develped發(fā)展；C. returned返回；D. cllapsed崩潰。根據(jù)上文“The labr mvement gathered sme mmentum (動(dòng)力，勢(shì)頭) in the decade befre the Panic f 1837, but in the depressin that fllwed, labr’s strength”和下文“During hard times, few wrkers were willing t strike”可知，這里指的是經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對(duì)勞工運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響，即經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間勞工的力量崩潰了，很少有工人愿意罷工或參與集體行動(dòng)。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：在困難時(shí)期，很少有工人愿意罷工或參與集體行動(dòng)。A. prtest against抗議；B. give up放棄；C. accunt fr解釋；D. engage in參與。根據(jù)上文“During hard times, few wrkers were willing t strike r”可知，這里描述的是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間工人的反應(yīng)，很少有工人愿意罷工或參與集體行動(dòng)。故選D。
【35題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過十多年的努力爭(zhēng)取，到1850年代大多數(shù)行業(yè)的工作時(shí)間縮短到了10小時(shí)，法庭也承認(rèn)了工人罷工的權(quán)利，但這些勝利幾乎沒有立即產(chǎn)生影響。A. emphases重點(diǎn)；B. limits限制；C. evidences證據(jù)；D. gains收益，勝利，成果。根據(jù)上文“Mre than a decade f agitatin (激烈爭(zhēng)論) did finally bring a wrkday shrtened t 10 hurs t mst industries by the 1850s’, and the curts als recgnized wrkers’ right t strike, but these”可知，這里指的是勞動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)取得的一些勝利。故選D。
2021年1月春考
完型填空來源:2017年1月《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)（LATimes）》，講述電動(dòng)車作為l綠色通勤方式
The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta,is the river valley hill. It's nt particularly steep,but at abut a mile lng,I rarely climbed up withut arriving with sweat. Studies have shwn the prspect f arriving at wrk sweaty is ne f the biggest (41)______ t getting wuld-be bike cmmuters ut f their cars. That's especially true in a city like Ls Angeles,where(42)__ may face lng rutes , hills r ht streets with a lack f shade.
"Pedelec",r pedal electric-assisted bikes like the ne I rde,can end that wrry. They lk and act like traditinal bicycles,but their mtrs make pedaling much easier when required. Smetimes called the mst energy-efficient mtrized mde f transprtatin ever built, they're als incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the utdated attitude that sees bikes nly as a recreatinal athletic pprtunity rather than a practical (43)____ ptin.
At a time when cities acrss Nrth America are struggling t cmbat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissins,e-bikes have the(44) ______ t ease the bth prblems. And yet ridership has yet t truly(45)____.Abut 152,000 e-bikes were sld last year in the U.S.,a figure that wuld be mre than 5 millin if Americans used them at the same rate as western Eurpeans.
Many f the barriers t e-bike (46) ______in Nrth America are legislative. Patchwrk rules treat e-bikes mre like mpeds than traditinal pedal bikes in sme jurisdictins,meaning they are(47)_frm bike lanes and frm barding public transprtatin.
Few places n the cntinent,(48) ______, are better pised t break thrugh barriers than Califrnia. Legislatin was apprved last year t encurage e-bike use,by legally differentiating the cycles frm mpeds. In an attempt t head ff wrries abut turbcharged machines flying dwn sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds,the law classifies bikes int different tiers t (49)___ lwer-speed e-bikes,which tp ut at 20 mph,frm faster-mving"speed pedelecs",which are restricted frm prtected bike paths.
Amid these legislative (50)____, e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer. Finding them in bike shps isn't as(51)____ as it nce was,and their cst has fallen as the price f lithium-in batteries has drpped.Tday,a decent e-bike,while still (52)___, is cmparable in price t a high-end muntain bike. After years f (53)________ver mixing pedal and mtr pwer, cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive directr f the Califrnia Bicycle Calitin, (54)_______ the state's new legislatin based partly n the(55)_______that e-bikes help ut thse wh"just can't ride as far r as fast as they need t".
B.prcesses C.barriers D.cmplements
42. A.ridersB.builders C.custmersD.vlunteers
B. cmmunicatin C.facilities D.transprtatin
B.ptential C.temprary D.majr
44.A. make f B.carry n C.bring up D.take ff
B.adptin C.adjustment D.justificatin
B.alerted C.banned D.authrized
B.unless C.meanwhile D.anyway
B.cmbine C.separate D.satisfy
B.benefits C.limits D.damages
B.critical C.sensatinal D.difficult
B.distinctive C.sensitive D.intensive
B.cncern C.pwer D.scale
B.flded C.referred D.gifted
B.address C.amunt D.advcate
【答案】
41-45. CADBD BCACB DABAD
試題分析
41. C【解析】根據(jù)上文所提及的有關(guān)河谷山的描述The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill以及作者對(duì)自己相關(guān)情況的描述I rarely climbed up withut arriving with sweat可知，此處句意為“研究表明，上班時(shí)滿身大汗是讓騎自行車的上班族下車的最大障礙（barriers ）之一”，故選C。advantages n. 有利條件；prcesses n. 過程；barriers n. 障礙；屏障；cmplements n. 補(bǔ)足物；補(bǔ)語。
42.A【解析】結(jié)合文章第一句提及的The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill騎自行車上下班可知，此處句意為“那里的車手（riders）可能會(huì)面臨長(zhǎng)途跋涉” ，故選A。riders n. 騎（馬、自行車等）的人；builders n. 建設(shè)者；建筑工人；custmers n. [商業(yè)]客戶；vlunteers志愿者。
43.D【解析】根據(jù)上文提及的作者騎自行車上下班，又結(jié)合此處介紹一款新的電動(dòng)自行車，可推知此處句意為“最大的障礙可能是過時(shí)的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為自行車只是一種娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)，而不是一種實(shí)用的交通（transprtatin）選擇”，故選D。prductin n. 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量；cmmunicatin n. 表達(dá)，交際；facilities n. 工具；設(shè)備；transprtatin n. 運(yùn)輸；交通工具，運(yùn)輸工具。
44.B【解析】結(jié)合上文中提及的電動(dòng)自行車，以及此處提及的At a time when cities acrss Nrth America are struggling t cmbat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissins，可推知此處應(yīng)該是說“電動(dòng)自行車有緩解相關(guān)問題的潛在（ptential）可能性”，故選B。rutine adj. 常規(guī)的；日常的；ptential adj. 潛在的；temprary adj. 短暫的；majr adj. 重要的；嚴(yán)重的。
45.D【解析】結(jié)合下文中提及的相關(guān)電動(dòng)自行車車的銷售數(shù)量和對(duì)比，可推知此處表達(dá)的是乘客數(shù)量還不夠多，相比較之下，take ff更適合句意，故選D。make f 用…做成；理解；明白；carry n 繼續(xù)做，堅(jiān)持干；bring up 養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)；take ff脫掉；起飛；突然成功。
46.B【解析】結(jié)合上文的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，以及下文提及關(guān)于電動(dòng)車使用的相關(guān)規(guī)定的可知此處應(yīng)該是關(guān)于電動(dòng)車的使用規(guī)范，故B項(xiàng)比較合適。adaptatin n. 改編版；適應(yīng)；adptin n. 收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；adjustment n. 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；justificatin n. 辯解；無過失。
47.C【解析】結(jié)合上文提及的 Patchwrk rules treat e-bikes mre like mpeds than traditinal pedal bikes in sme jurisdictins可知，此處句意為“這意味著它們被禁止（banned）在自行車道上行駛和乘坐公共交通工具”，故選C。prved v. 證明；alerted v. 向…報(bào)警；使警覺，使戒備；banned v. 禁止；取締；authrized v. 授權(quán)，批準(zhǔn)，委托。
48.A【解析】結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容，以及此處句意非洲大陸上幾乎沒有什么地方比加利福尼亞州更能沖破這些障礙，可推知此處需要填入一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，排除C和D項(xiàng)，而相比之下，A項(xiàng)更符合句意。hwever adv. 然而；不管怎樣；cnj.不管怎樣；unless cnj.除非；如果不；meanwhile adv. 同時(shí)；在此期間；與之相比；anyway adv. 無論如何；不管怎樣。
49.C【解析】根據(jù)該段中the law classifies bikes int different tiers可知，此處句意為，該法律將自行車分為不同的等級(jí)，以區(qū)分（separate）速度較低的電動(dòng)自行車（最高時(shí)速為20英里）和速度較快的“速度行人專用道”，故選C。riginate vi. 起源于，來自；vt. 引起；創(chuàng)始，創(chuàng)作；cmbine vt. 引起；創(chuàng)始，創(chuàng)作；separate v. （使）分開，分離；satisfy v. （使）滿意。
50.B【解析】結(jié)合下文 e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer可知，消費(fèi)者們開始接受電動(dòng)自行車來，故推知此處句意為“在這些立法上的好處（benefits）中，電動(dòng)自行車已經(jīng)變得更容易為消費(fèi)者所接受”，故選B。factrs n. 因素；benefits n. 津貼費(fèi)；利益；limits n.界限；限度；限額；damages n. 損失。
51.D【解析】結(jié)合上文中e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer.可推知此處句意為“在自行車店找到它們不像以前那么困難（difficult）了”，故選D。prper adj. 適宜的；正確的；critical adj. 關(guān)鍵的；嚴(yán)重的；sensatinal adj. 轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽聞的；difficult adj. 困難的；問題多的，麻煩的。
52.A【解析】結(jié)合文章中的相關(guān)表述可知，此處與電動(dòng)自行車的價(jià)格有關(guān)，故此處選A項(xiàng)更合適。expensive adj. 昂貴的；distinctive adj. 獨(dú)特的；特別的；sensitive adj. 體貼的；敏感的；intensive adj. 加強(qiáng)的，強(qiáng)烈的。
53.B【解析】結(jié)合下文中cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt behind e-bikes提及最終的結(jié)果，可推知此處句意為“經(jīng)過多年對(duì)混合踏板和電機(jī)動(dòng)力的關(guān)注（cncern）”，故選B。truble n. 問題，麻煩，困難；cncern n. 擔(dān)心；關(guān)心；令人擔(dān)心的事；pwer n. 權(quán)力；能力；scale n. 規(guī)模，等級(jí)。
54.A【解析】結(jié)合上文提及的cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt ，可知此處加州自行車聯(lián)盟的執(zhí)行董事戴夫·斯奈德對(duì)新立法的態(tài)度是支持的，故選A。favred adj. 受到優(yōu)待的；有天賦的；flded adj. 折疊的；referred v. 提到；針對(duì)；關(guān)系到；請(qǐng)教gifted adj. 有天賦的。
55.D【解析】根據(jù)文章可知，此處講述的是戴夫·斯奈德支持立法的原因，結(jié)合他的職位可知，此處句意為“部分原因是他主張（advcate）電動(dòng)自行車可以幫助那些“不能騎到需要的距離或速度”的人”，故選D。appeal v. 呼吁，懇請(qǐng)；上訴，申訴；address v. 寫（收信人）姓名地址；解決，處理；amunt v. 共計(jì)；advcate vt. 擁護(hù)；主張。
2020年1月春考
“Clean eating” is a phrase thrwn arund a lt in the health-and-wellness scene. I use it all the time. I (41) _________ it because there’s n frmal definitin, and it’s nt a ne-size-fits-all plan. Let’s face it: There isn’t ne perfect plan that will wrk fr everyne, (42) _________ r behavirally. Our bdies wrk differently frm ne anther. Sme physilgically need mre fat, sme need mre carbs, and all need different mixes f vitamins and minerals.
Behavirally, there isn’t ne plan that fits everyne’s (43) _________, either. Sme f us (44) _________ daily, while sme f us can’t make tast. Fr sme, fd is ften ut f their cntrl, and they (45) _________ htels, airprts and restaurants, while thers raise, grw and ck their wn fd. We als have different (46) _________. Sme have had a health scare r are feeling lw-energy and sluggish, and are curius abut whether fd culd make them feel better; sme are cncerned abut the envirnment and eclgy, and the impact f hw fds are grwn and sld; sme have yet ther (47) _________.
These (48) _________ are imprtant, because yur versin f clean will depend n yur values and gals. Frcing yurself r smene else int an eating plan is (49) _________ a fundatin fr success. Instead, understanding why yu are ding what yu are ding will help yu make chices yu can stick with and make yu feel better abut hw yu eat.
When I think f eating clean, what cmes t mind is knwing exactly what I’m putting int my bdy and making mindful decisins that are (50) _________ my values. Yu have seen peple wh ask several questins befre rdering at a restaurant r making a chice at a grcery stre. While it can be entertaining (r frustrating) t watch, being curius abut what’s in yur fd is fair game and, I wuld argue, imprtant. We live in a wrld where we must ask questins because we can’t (51) _________ that we’re eating whle fds. I dn’t necessarily need t meet the farmer grwing my spuds, but when I eat mashed ptates, I want t be sure they are, well, actual (52) _________. I dn’t think that’s t much t ask.
The best first step tward clean eating is knwing what’s n yur (53) _________. Everything n it! We are trained t lk at calries and grams n fd labels, but I (54) _________ yu t lk at ingredients first. D yu understand what is in the fd yu are abut t eat? Are yu kay with eating thse ingredients? Nt all fd prducts are the same. Take a mment and cmpare prducts based t n ingredients, (55)_________ slely calries, t decide whether they’re what yu want.
41. A. changeB. favrC. chargeD. alter
42. A. accidentlyB. deliberatelyC. physilgicallyD. crucially
43. A. lifestyleB. handwrkC. willpwerD. incme
44. A. ckB. buyC. sellD. handle
45. A. center inB. g nC. catch inD. rely n
46. A. ambitinsB. cmplimentsC. mtivatinsD. prcedures
47. A. challengesB. cncernsC. benefitsD. damages
48. A. scalesB. declinesC. rangesD. distinctins
49. A. rarelyB. reallyC. mstlyD. largely
50. A. in search fB. in hnr fC. in line withD. with respect t
51. A. maintainB. denyC. guaranteeD. separate
52. A. ptatesB. tmatesC. heresD. zeres
53. A. deskB. plateC. ptD. handle
54. A. persuadeB. encurageC. prvideD. cnvince
55. A. apart frmB. mre thanC. less thanD. rather than
原文出處：
‘Clean eating’ is a fuzzy term — and that’s why it wrks
By Jae Berman
January 10, 2017
“Clean eating” is a phrase thrwn arund a lt in the health-and-wellness scene. I use it all the time. I like it because there’s n frmal definitin, and it’s nt a ne-size-?ts-all plan. Let’s face it: There isn’t ne perfect plan that will wrk fr everyne, physilgically r behavirally. Our bdies wrk differently frm ne anther. Sme physilgically need mre fat, sme need mre carbs, and all need different mixes f vitamins and minerals.
Behavirally, there isn’t ne plan that ?ts everyne’s lifestyle, either. Sme f us ck daily, while sme f us can’t make tast. Fr sme, fd is ften ut f their cntrl, and they rely n htels, airprts and restaurants, while thers raise, grw and ck their wn fd. We als have different mtivatins. Sme have had a health scare r are feeling lw-energy and sluggish, and are curius abut whether fd culd make them feel better; sme are cncerned abut the envirnment and eclgy, and the impact f hw fds are grwn and sld; sme have yet ther cncerns.
These distinctins are imprtant, because yur versin f clean will depend n yur values and gals. Frcing yurself r smene else int an eating plan is rarely a fundatin fr success. Instead, understanding why yu are ding what yu are ding will help yu make chices yu can stick with and make yu feel better abut hw yu eat.
When I think f eating clean, what cmes t mind is knwing exactly what I’m putting int my bdy and making mindful decisins that are in line with my values. Yu have seen peple wh ask several questins befre rdering at a restaurant r making a chice at a grcery stre. While it can be entertaining (r frustrating) t watch, being curius abut what’s in yur fd is fair game and, I wuld argue, imprtant. We live in a wrld where we must ask questins because we can’t guarantee that we’re eating whle fds. I dn’t necessarily need t meet the farmer grwing my spuds, but when I eat mashed ptates, I want t be sure they are, well, actual ptates. I dn’t think that’s t much t ask.
What is in yur fd?
The best first step tward clean eating is knwing what’s n yur plate. Everything n it! We are trained t lk at calries and grams n fd labels, but I encurage yu t lk at ingredients first. D yu understand what is in the fd yu are abut t eat? Are yu kay with eating thse ingredients? Nt all fd prducts are the same. Take a mment and cmpare prducts based n ingredients, rather than slely calries, t decide whether they’re what yu want.
【答案】41-55BCAAD CBDAC CABBD
詳解如下：
41. B 【解析】根據(jù)空前I use it all the time可知“我”favr（青睞、更喜愛）用clean eating這個(gè)說法。
42. C 【解析】根據(jù)空后兩句Our bdies wrk differently frm ne anther與 Sme physilgically need mre fat…可知，此處是從生理角度來說明每個(gè)人的飲食方案不同的。
【段意】“clean eating”是一個(gè)健康保健情景的常用詞。我一直在使用它。青睞它是因?yàn)閷?duì)“clean eating”沒有一個(gè)正規(guī)的定義，也沒有一條萬用的clean eating方案。就讓我們來看看它吧：不論生理上還是行為上，一則適用于每個(gè)人的完美方案是不存在的。每個(gè)人身體的運(yùn)作方式不同。有些人生理上需要多些脂肪，有些人需要更多的碳水化合物，所有人都需要不同的復(fù)合維生素和礦物質(zhì)。
43. A 【解析】根據(jù)后文make tast、htel、restaurant和grw and ck their wn fd可知，后文舉例說明人們因生活方式(lifestyle)不同所以飲食方案不同的。
44. A 【解析】根據(jù)空后while sme f us can’t make tast可知，while此處為對(duì)比連詞，所以本空為ck daily（每天做飯），剛好與can’t make tast(不會(huì)烤面包片)相對(duì)應(yīng)。
45. D 【解析】根據(jù)空后while thers raise, grw and ck their wn fd可知，而另一些人飼養(yǎng)、種植并且烹飪自己的食物，而（while）在旅店、機(jī)場(chǎng)和餐館的旅人就要依靠（rely n）旅店、機(jī)場(chǎng)和餐館里的食物了。因此空前說這類人的食物是ften ut f their cntrl（不能自己操控的）。
【段意】從活動(dòng)習(xí)性上看，也沒有一條萬用方案適用于所有人的生活方式。我們有些人每天做飯，而有些連烤個(gè)面包片都不會(huì)。對(duì)某些人來說，食物是不可控的，依賴于旅店、機(jī)場(chǎng)和餐館，而另一些人飼養(yǎng)、種植并且烹飪自己的食物。
46. C 【解析】根據(jù)空后Sme have had a health scare r are feeling lw-energy and sluggish, and are curius abut whether fd culd make them feel better; sme are cncerned abut the envirnment and eclgy, and the impact f hw fds are grwn and sld可知，有些人有健康危機(jī)或者正感到懶散、能量不足，好奇食物是否會(huì)讓他們感覺好些；有些人擔(dān)心環(huán)境和生態(tài)，以及食物的種植和銷售方式的帶來影響,此處是從不同動(dòng)機(jī)（mtivatin）來說明每個(gè)人的飲食選擇不同的。
47. B 【解析】根據(jù)本句的三個(gè)sme和兩個(gè)分號(hào)，可以看出此處是舉例說明中并列的第三項(xiàng)，有些人好奇……有些人擔(dān)心……，有些人有些其他的顧慮（sme have yet ther cncerns）。
【段意】我們也會(huì)有不同的動(dòng)機(jī)。有些人有健康危機(jī)或者正感到懶散、能量不足，好奇食物是否會(huì)讓他們感覺好些；有些人擔(dān)心環(huán)境、生態(tài)以及食物的種植和銷售方式的帶來影響；有些人還有些其他的顧慮。
48. D 【解析】根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容可知，之所以沒有一通用的clean eating的飲食方案是因?yàn)?，人們生理、生活?xí)性、飲食動(dòng)機(jī)各不相同。本句承接上文并且說明了這些不同的（distinctins）是取決于是價(jià)值觀和目標(biāo)because yur versin f clean will depend n yur values and gals。
49. A 【解析】根據(jù)空后Instead（相反） …will help yu make chices yu can stick with and make yu feel better可知，Instead之后是有益行為，所以Instead前面應(yīng)該是不利行為，所以選否定詞rarely，rarely a fundatin fr success幾乎不會(huì)成功。
【段意】這些不同是重要的，因?yàn)槟氵@個(gè)版本的clean取決于你的價(jià)值觀和目標(biāo)。強(qiáng)迫自己或者他人按照飲食計(jì)劃行事幾乎不會(huì)成功。相反，理解你的行為動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)將幫你做出能堅(jiān)持下去的選擇，使你對(duì)自己的飲食方式感覺好些。
50. C 【解析】根據(jù)本句句意和上一段because yur versin f clean will depend n yur values and gals可知，當(dāng)“我”想到eating clean的時(shí)候，首先想到的是要確切地知道吃的是什么，并且做出符合（in line with）價(jià)值觀的謹(jǐn)慎決定。
51. C 【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知，ask questins 是為了確保（guarantee）我們吃的食物是whle fd(全食物)。后句又進(jìn)行了舉例說明。
52. A 【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知，“我”認(rèn)為知道自己吃的什么很重要I wuld argue, live in a wrld where we must ask questins，因此，當(dāng)“我”吃土豆泥的時(shí)候，要確保吃的是真的土豆（actual ptates）。
【段意】當(dāng)我想到eating clean的時(shí)候，首先想到的是要確切地知道我把什么放到了身體里(吃的是什么)，然后做出符合價(jià)值觀的謹(jǐn)慎決定。你已經(jīng)見過人們?cè)谟啿蛷d或者在食品店做決定前會(huì)問若干問題。盡管觀察食物、想知道食物里有什么會(huì)被調(diào)侃、抨擊，而我認(rèn)為，這很重要。我們生活在一個(gè)不得不問的世界因?yàn)槲覀儾荒鼙ＷC自己吃的是全食（whle fd）。我不必與為我種土豆的農(nóng)民見面，但是吃土豆泥的時(shí)候，我還是想確認(rèn)我吃的真的是土豆。我認(rèn)為這么問不過分。
53. B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文和句意，要知道自己吃的是什么，也就是盤中餐有的什么what is ne yur plate(盤子)。
54. B【解析】根據(jù)下文Are yu kay with eating thse ingredients和Take a mment and cmpare prducts based n ingredients... t decide whether they’re what yu want可知，“我”建議讀者要重視食品成分表，而不僅是卡路里和克數(shù)，因此本空用encurage（鼓勵(lì)）。
55. D 【解析】根據(jù)上文We are trained t lk at calries and grams n fd labels, but I...和本句Take a mment and cmpare prducts based n decide whether they’re what yu want可知“我”建議讀者要重視食品成分表，而不僅是（rather than）卡路里。rather than slely calries 為插入成分，用兩個(gè)逗號(hào)分開，補(bǔ)充說明cmpare prducts based n ingredients。
【段意】做到clean eating的第一步就是知道你的盤中餐有什么。它的一切。我們被訓(xùn)練去看食物標(biāo)簽上的卡路里和克數(shù)，而我鼓勵(lì)你先看看配料。你能理解你要吃的食物里有什么嗎？你這這些配料有問題嗎？不是所有的食品都一樣?；c(diǎn)兒時(shí)間按照配料比較這些食品，再?zèng)Q定它們是否是你想要的。
動(dòng)詞
abandn; absrb; acquire; activate; adapt; address; adjust; adpt; affect; alter; avid; ask; add
balance; bring up; bring
challenge; cllect; change; cnvince; cme back; carry ut; chse; cntain; cme; cperate; cmmit; cunter; cmplete; cmpse
define; distribute; decrease; discurage; dminate; drive;
experience; escape; enter; end; emphasize; envy; educate; equal; ease
find; frbid; functin; fasten; facilitate; frce; frm
gain; g with; give int; get; grant; guess
interest; intrduce;
judge;
imprve; inquire; indicate; invlve; inspire; impact n
limit; lad; lay ff; learn
make; miss; make any prgress
rganize; perate;
prve; prpse; prevent; prtect;
ruin; require; relieve; realize; relate; receive; resist; reach; recall; risk; review;
stress; send; spread; spread ut; serve any purpse; smile; share; sleep
take; take any advantage;
use; understand;
win any supprt
名詞
addict; advance; advantage; admire; attractin; aspect; adlescent; adulthd; amunt; achievement; accmmdatin; ability; assciatin;
behavir; benefit; business;
cincidence; chance; cmparisn; cncept; cnditin; culture; case; cmpany; childhd; custm; case; cause; cleaner; cmparisn;
distractin; decisin; dnatin; disease; distinctin;
evidence; expense; effrt; extent; emtin; event; entertainment;
falsehd; figure; fairness; feeling; fact;
guidance;
habit; harmny; handwriting;
innvatin; inncence; inquiry; intentin; intent; interest; implement; impact; issue; interactin;
knwledge;
live; lcal; invitatin; leisure; lk;
mystery; methd; md; minrity; majrity; mass; minimum;
neighbrhd;
bject; ccasin;
purpse; prductivity; pstpnement; payment; peace; prcedure;
questin; quantity; quality;
resistance; risk; receipt; receptin; result; restaurant; refrm; respnsibility; resurce;
scre; scene; survey; surrunding; service; supprt; structure; smile;
temptatin; trend; tiredness; thickness; thught; truble; turist; transprt; trust;
visitr; view;
wait;
形容詞
alarming; active; alert; alternative; apprpriate; apprpriate; alternative;
better;
charming; calm; critical; cncerning; curageus; creative; clearer; cmplex; crucial; cmpulsry;
disappinting; delighted;
extrardinary; encuraging; envirnmental; ecnmic; earlier;
frustrating; familiar; faster;
generus; gegraphic;
harmless; histrical;
inevitable; instructing; imprtant; imaginary; innvative; individual;
lgic; lnger; later;
majr;
natinal;
ppsite; bjective;
preventable; persistent;
ridiculus; resistant; relevant;
strange; silent; sustainable; sufficient; small; satisfied; same; similar; slwer; slight; separate; smaller; shrter; sustainable;
true; tugh; temprary;
unfamiliar; unblcked; universal; uncnscius; unique; useful
wrng; wider;
副詞
accidentally;
by cntrast; Besides;
cnsequently; cnsiderably; cnstantly; cnsciusly;
deliberately; delicately;
equally; eventually; equivalently;
fully; Fr example;
gradually;
hwever; happily;
In particular; In cnclusin; In cmparisn; in a wrd; in additin; in want f; in case f; in favur f; in additin t;
meanwhile; Mrever;
necessarily;
therwise; bviusly; ccasinally;
really; readily; really; rather; respectively;
seriusly;
Therefre;
what’s mre;

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