閱讀理解
A
(2022·天津南開3月模擬)
Are yu the type t run befre breakfast in the mrning?Wrking ut n an empty stmach wn't hurt yu—and it may actually help,depending n yur gal.
Exercising befre eating cmes with the risk f feeling light-headed due t lw bld sugar.Yu might feel tired r uneasy,and wn't be able t wrk ut as enthusiastically as yu wuld have.A light amunt f fd is imprtant fr lder adults ver 55 befre exercising—especially in the mrning.But if yur primary exercise gal is weight lss,exercising n an empty stmach may cme with sme prmising benefits.There's sme research t supprt the idea that wrking ut in a fasted(禁食) state can burn mre fat than exercising in a fed state.
Wrking ut n an empty stmach,hwever,may als nt prve true fr everyne.“Sme peple advcate fr fasted exercise,but these peple tend t be yung and in amazing physical shape,” says Duglas Paddn-Jnes,a muscle physilgy researcher and a prfessr f aging and health at the University f Texas Medical Branch.“They have n health prblems,and what they're eating is f super-high quality and carefully regulated.” On the ther hand,wrking ut in a fasted state withut prper planning r prfessinal versight may run the risk f unhealthy bdy cmpsitin changes.
Fr peple wh aren't athletes,fueling up with fd befre a wrkut may be the best way t get the mst fat-burning benefit.“Yu dn't want t fill up;yu just want t give yur bdy a burst f energy t pwer yur training perid.After yu exercise,drink sme water—but wait 60 t 90 minutes befre eating,”says Shivani Sahni,directr f the nutritin prgram at Harvard University's Institute fr Aging Research.“Yu're trying t take advantage f yur prmted metablic(新陳代謝的) rate after exercising,s if yu can g an hur r an hur and a half withut eating,yu'll maximize the fat-burning respnse,” says she.
1.Why des the authr suggest exercising in a fed state?
A.T avid being light-headed.
B.T lwer bld sugar.
C.T burn mre fat.
D.T wrk ut energetically.
2.What's the meaning f the underlined phrase “fill up” in Paragraph 4?
A.加滿B.度過
C.吃飽D.打發(fā)(時間)
3.Wh may tend t practise fasted exercise?
A.Older adults.
B.Senirs beynd 55.
C.Prfessinal athletes.
D.Gd-shaped athletes.
4.What's Shivani Sahni's suggestin fr peple after exercising?
A.Develping a new lifestyle.
B.Finding a fitness instructr.
C.Ging withut fd fr a time.
D.Drinking salty water after exercising.
5.Which wrd best describes the authr's attitude t wrking ut in a fasted state?
A.Skeptical.B.Cautius.
C.Supprtive.D.Subjective.
B
(2021·天津卷)
When peple ask me hw I started writing,I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language.Having said that,I did nt knw fr a lng time what I was lking fr.It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing.With sme encuragement frm my clleagues,I had ne f my pems published.This bit f success,hwever,was the pint where my prblem began.
Back in 1978,I had t travel between three different campuses in the mrning,teaching freshman cmpsitin.Afternns I spent taking my daughter t her ballet and hrse-riding lessns.I cmpsed my lectures n the way,and that was all the thinking time I had.When I returned hme,there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.
As a way ut,I decided t get up tw hurs befre my usual time.My alarm was set fr 5:00 am.The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach.The secnd day I set tw clcks,ne n my night table,and ne ut in the hallway.I had t jump ut f bed and run t silence it befre my family was awken.This was when my mrning writing began.
Since that first mrning in 1978,I have been fllwing the habit t this day,nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing.I wrte my pems in this manner fr nearly ten years befre my first bk was published.When I decided t write a nvel,I divided my tw hurs:the first fr petry,the secnd fr fictin.Well r badly,I wrte at least tw pages a day.This is hw my nvel,TheLineftheSun,was finished.If I had waited t have the time,I wuld still be waiting t write my nvel.
What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl.Fr many peple,the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin:taking the time t create,stealing it frm yurself if it's the nly way.
6.What mtivated the authr t start her writing career?
A.Her strng wish t share.
B.Her keen interest in writing.
C.Her urgent need t make a living.
D.Her passinate desire fr fame.
7.What prblem did the authr face when she decided t begin her writing?
A.She was t exhausted t write after a busy day.
B.She had truble in deciding n her writing style.
C.She had t take time t discipline her daughter.
D.She was unsure abut her writing skills.
8.Why did the authr place an alarm clck in the hallway?
A.In case the clck in her rm brke dwn.
B.In case she failed t hear the ringing.
C.T frce herself ut f bed.
D.T wake up her family.
9.Hw did the authr manage t finish her nvel?
A.By sticking t writing every mrning.
B.By writing when her mind was mst active.
C.By drawing inspiratins frm classic nvels.
D.By reducing her teaching hurs at schl.
10.What can we learn frm the authr's success in her writing career?
A.It is never t late t change yur jb.
B.Imaginative ideas die away if nt taken in time.
C.A tight schedule is n excuse fr lack f actin.
D.Daily life prvides ideas fr creative writing.
C
(2021·天津南開模擬)
Sprts fandm is abut mre than just entertainment.It can bst yur self-esteem(自尊) and make yu happier—and yu dn't have t rt fr the winning team t gain the benefits.
Being a sprts fan is a “very psychlgically healthy activity,”says Daniel Wann,prfessr at Murray State University whse research prgram centers n the psychlgy f sprts fandm.“Fandm cnnects us t ther like-minded peple,which satisfies ur human need fr belnging,”he says.
“These relatinships are significant:Peple wh are identified as sprts fans have higher levels f self-esteem,and lwer levels f lneliness and tend t be mre satisfied with their lives cmpared t thse wh aren't interested in sprts,”Wann says.Fans tend t have mre access t scial supprt,help and resurces as well.Research suggests that when peple have supprt frm their cmmunities,they have better health.
“Beynd bnding,fans get t enjy the psychlgical benefits f winning,even if they have nthing t d with the players r games,”says Stephen Reysen,assciate prfessr at Texas A&M University-Cmmerce wh studies identity and fandm.
“Individuals feel that the fan interest (in this case a sprts team) is a part f them,”Reysen says.“S when the team is winning,yu feel like yu are winning even thugh yu are nt a player.”
Of curse,teams smetimes lse.
S,why d peple cntinue t put their faith behind teams that tend t lse?“Peple wh feel a strng psychlgical cnnectin t a team are mre likely t rt fr a team when they're having a lsing seasn,”Reysen says.
“Sprts fandm has nthing t d with the utcme f a game,”Wann says.Fr example,if a pizza restaurant cntinually gt yur rder wrng,yu'd likely switch t a mre reliable ne.But because being a fan is s central t peple's identities,peple are willing t accept defeat and cntinue t be lyal t a team.
Being part f a fan cmmunity can als help peple cpe with lsses.A 2019 study fund that watching a ftball game with ther fans helped t ease the negative psychlgical effects f lsing.
“Fr fans f the lsing team,sharing the pain may have prtected them frm lsing self-esteem,”Silvia Knblch-Westerwick,c-authr f the study and prfessr f cmmunicatin at the Ohi State University said in a release.
11.Accrding t the passage,why d sprts fans feel happier?
A.Because they can gain the benefits frm the winning team.
B.Because they can share pains and happiness with peple wh have the cmmn interests.
C.Because they can have a lw level f self-esteem.
D.Because mst f them are ptimistic.
12.What is the significance f the relatinships between sprts fans?
A.Sprts fans have supprt frm their favrite teams.
B.Sprts fans have higher levels f lneliness.
C.Sprts fans are likely mre cntent with their lives.
D.Sprts fans tend t cmpare themselves t thse wh aren't interested in sprts.
13.Accrding t the passage,if the team has a lsing seasn,the sprts fans may .
A.display their identities
B.have a bst f self-esteem
C.nt supprt the team any mre
D.have a negative psychlgy perid
14.Accrding t the passage,what can help sprts fans deal with lsses f their team?
A.Being part f the team.
B.Ordering a pizza in a different restaurant.
C.Sharing the pain with family members.
D.The lyalty t the team.
15.What is the passage mainly abut?
A.Sprts fans have a clser relatinship with ther like-minded peple.
B.Sprts fans have higher self-esteem and are mre satisfied with their lives.
C.Sprts fans always put their faith behind their favrite teams.
D.Sprts fandm has nthing t d with the utcme f a game.
D
Mscw city authrities have begun using cmics with characters frm Russian fairy tales t explain t migrants(移民) hw they shuld behave.They say a 100-page guide is needed t “maintain a psitive image” f the city and culd help reduce “tensins” between natives and migrants.But sme peple have pinted ut that freign migrants and natives may be viewed as antagnists in the manual(使用手冊).They think migrants and natives shuld live tgether in harmny.
Russians and migrants have repeatedly flded in Mscw recently.Many migrants arrive in Mscw every year,attracted by the capital's jb pprtunities and relatively high salaries.A significant number f them wrk in the Russian capital illegally.
The new guide in Russia seeks t explain the “ds” and “dn'ts” t migrants.They are urged nt t cause truble,by staring at wmen,r eating r talking ludly n the streets.They are als warned that the plice may rutinely stp them t check their dcuments.
In the manual,Russia's famus “three warrirs” are meant t represent the city's law enfrcement agencies,while Prince Yuri Dlgruky (a histrical character) is used fr turs arund Mscw.Meanwhile,VasilisatheWise and TheSnwMaiden test the reader n Russia's language and histry.A special sectin f the bk explains the imprtance f fllwing Mscw's strict residency and emplyment rules,stressing that migrants culd therwise be deprted(驅(qū)逐出境) r banned frm entry.
“The manual was written primarily fr illegal migrants,”Alexander Kalinin,wh heads the grup Supprt fr Wrking Migrants in Mscw,said.
“We want t raise their level f law awareness,”he added.
“In the beginning migrants had been identified as representatives f different natinalities,but the bk's authrs later decided t drp this idea s as ‘nt t ffend anyne',”said Mr Kalinin.
“The ld cnflict between Russian heres and nn-Slavic invaders appears again,”Yevgeny Varshaver,a migratin expert said.He als suggested that the language used in the bk wuld be “difficult” t understand fr sme migrants wh were nt native Russian speakers.
16.The underlined wrd “antagnists” in Paragraph 1 can prbably be replaced by .
A.strangersB.ppnents
C.cmpetitrsD.acquaintances
17.Peple frm ther cuntries cme t Mscw .
A.t enjy the fine climate
B.t have a new lifestyle
C.t find ccupatins with gd incmes
D.t experience a new culture
18.What can we learn abut the manual?
A.It may nt make migrants and natives live in harmny.
B.It is full f funny stries frm fairy tales.
C.It aims t prtect the rights f lcals and migrants.
D.It sets strict and cruel rules t migrants.
19.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A.The bk will make it easy fr freign migrants t read.
B.Freign migrants may find the manual interesting t read.
C.The Russian language is hard fr freign migrants t learn.
D.Freign migrants may have difficulty reading the manual.
20.Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title f the text?
A.Ways t help freign migrants t settle in Russia
B.Mre and mre freign migrants wrk in Mscw
C.Mscw fairy tale cmics t help migrants behave
D.Characters frm Russian fairy tales attract public attentin
必修第一冊 Unit1 閱讀理解題組——練速度
1.A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,吃東西前鍛煉會有因低血糖而感到頭暈的風(fēng)險,作者建議飯后鍛煉。
2.C 解析 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文的“”可以推斷,此處fillup的意思是“吃飽”。故選C項(xiàng)。
3.D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尤其是該段第二句“Smepepleadvcatefrfastedexercise,butthesepepletendtbeyungandinamazingphysicalshape...”可知,體形良好的運(yùn)動員可能傾向于空腹鍛煉。
4.C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段ShivaniSahni所說的話可知,ShivaniSahni建議在運(yùn)動后喝點(diǎn)水,等60到90分鐘之后再吃東西,如果能堅(jiān)持一小時或一個半小時不吃東西,你就能最大限度地燃燒脂肪。據(jù)此可知,ShivaniSahni建議人們在鍛煉后一段時間內(nèi)不吃東西。
5.B 解析 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為吃東西前鍛煉會有因低血糖而感到頭暈的風(fēng)險,對于55歲以上的老年人來說,在鍛煉前吃點(diǎn)東西是很重要的;但是對于以減肥為目的的人來說,空腹鍛煉能燃燒更多的脂肪;根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,空腹鍛煉需要合理計(jì)劃和專業(yè)監(jiān)督,否則有健康風(fēng)險。據(jù)此可以判斷,作者對空腹鍛煉持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。
6.B 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“”和第三句“ItwasntuntilIfllwedthisfeelingtitssurcethatIdiscveredIhadapassinfrwriting.”可知,作者感覺自己迫切需要從事語言工作,直到追溯這種感覺的根源才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己熱愛寫作,所以是作者對寫作的強(qiáng)烈興趣促使她開始了自己的寫作生涯。故選B項(xiàng)。
7.A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“WhenIreturnedhme,therewasntenughfmeleftfrwritingafterafullwrkingday.”可知,當(dāng)作者忙完了一整天的工作回到家后,已經(jīng)沒有足夠的精力去寫作了。故選A項(xiàng)。
8.C 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“ThefirstdayIshutitffbecauseIhadplaceditwithinarm'sreach.”和倒數(shù)第二句“Ihadtjumputfbedandruntsilenceitbefremyfamilywasawken.”可知,作者第一天關(guān)掉鬧鐘后又睡著了,所以作者把鬧鐘放在門廳是為了強(qiáng)迫自己起床。故選C項(xiàng)。
9.A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Sincethatfirstmrningin1978,Ihavebeenfllwingthehabittthisday...”和“Wellrbadly,Iwrteatleasttwpagesaday.Thisishwmynvel,TheLineftheSun,wasfinished.”可知,作者堅(jiān)持每天早晨至少寫兩頁,通過這種方式完成了小說的寫作。故選A項(xiàng)。
10.C 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者的經(jīng)歷可知,雖然作者每天忙于工作和生活,但是對寫作的熱情并沒有讓她止步于此,而是利用每天早起兩個小時的方法,成功地完成了自己的作品。這告訴我們:不能讓日程緊張成為不行動起來的借口。
11.B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Fandmcnnectsusttherlike-mindedpeple,whichsatisfiesurhumanneedfrbelnging...”可知,粉絲圈將我們與其他志同道合的人聯(lián)系在一起,這滿足了我們?nèi)祟惖臍w屬感需求。故選B項(xiàng)。
12.C 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“‘Peplewhareidentifiedassprtsfanshavehigherlevelsfself-esteem,andlwerlevelsflnelinessandtendtbemresatisfiedwiththeirlivescmparedtthsewharen'tinterestedinsprts,'Wannsays.(沃恩說,與那些對運(yùn)動不感興趣的人相比,體育愛好者的自尊心更強(qiáng),孤獨(dú)感更低,而且往往對自己的生活更滿意。)”可知,選C項(xiàng)。
13.D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“A2019studyfundthatwatchingaftballgamewiththerfanshelpedteasethenegativepsychlgicaleffectsflsing.(2019年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與其他球迷一起觀看足球比賽有助于緩解輸球帶來的負(fù)面心理影響。)”可知,如果球隊(duì)失敗,球迷是會有負(fù)面心理的。故選D項(xiàng)。
14.D 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Butbecausebeingafanisscentraltpeple’sidentities,peplearewillingtacceptdefeatandcntinuetbelyaltateam.(但是因?yàn)槌蔀榉劢z是人們身份的核心,人們愿意接受失敗,并繼續(xù)忠誠于一個球隊(duì)。)”可知,選D項(xiàng)。
15.B 解析 主旨大意題。文章第一段第二句就已經(jīng)講明文章主旨:Itcanbstyurself-esteemandmakeyuhappier...(成為體育迷可以增強(qiáng)你的自尊,讓你更快樂……)。故選B項(xiàng)。
16.B 解析 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知,該手冊被用來幫助緩解當(dāng)?shù)厝伺c外國移民的緊張形勢。由本句句首的連詞But可知,手冊將本應(yīng)和平共處的雙方視為對手。故選B項(xiàng)。此外,antagnists的前綴ant(i)-“相反的,反對的”也是提示。
17.C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“'sjbpprtunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries.”可知,選C項(xiàng)。
18.A 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段和第四段的內(nèi)容可知,強(qiáng)調(diào)對外國移民的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定、隨時檢查甚至驅(qū)逐等措施很難促進(jìn)雙方和平相處。故選A項(xiàng)。
19.D 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“ ‘difficult'tunderstandfrsmemigrantswhwerentnativeRussianspeakers.”可知,手冊中使用的語言晦澀難懂,有些移民理解起來有困難。故選D項(xiàng)。
20.C 解析 標(biāo)題歸納題。文章首段第一句點(diǎn)明了主旨,下文具體闡述該手冊的內(nèi)容及影響。故選C項(xiàng)。

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