適用于新高考新教材天津?qū)０?024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)課后自主規(guī)范練4必修第二冊(cè)Unit1Foodforthought閱讀理解題組_

A
(2021·天津卷)
Art is everywhere.Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind t be bth functinal and beautiful.Why,then,is art still s widely cnsidered t be “the easy subject” at schl,insignificant t wider sciety,a waste f time and effrt?
Art can cnnect culture with cmmercial prducts in a way that nt many ther things can;art generates mney and hlds significant emtinal and cultural value within cmmunities.When peple attend a cncert,they are paying fr music,sure,maybe even htel rms,meals,and transprt,but they als gain an incredible experience,a unique atmsphere and a memry that will g thrugh the rest f their lives.Peple dn't just want material things anymre,they want t experience life—the arts are a perfect crssver(交疊) between culture and cmmerce.
Furthermre,the arts can bring cmmunities tgether,reducing lneliness and making peple feel safer.Scial bnds are created amng individuals when they share their arts experiences thrugh reflectin and discussin,and their expressin f cmmn values thrugh artwrks in hnur f events significant t a natin's experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty psitive impact n physical and psychlgical health.It is fund that peple wh frequent cultural places r participate in artistic events are mre likely t gain gd health cmpared t thse wh d nt;mre engagement with the arts is linked t a higher level f peple's well-being.The Ryal Sciety f Public Health discvered that music and art,when used in hspitals,help t imprve the cnditins f patients by reducing stress,anxiety and bld pressure.
Children wh are invlved with the arts make greater achievements in their educatin:thse engaged with drama have greater literary ability while thers taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages.Kids with preference fr the arts have a greater chance f finding emplyment in the future.Participating in the arts is essential fr child develpment;encuraging children t express themselves in cnstructive ways culd help t frm healthy emtinal respnses in later life.
Vital t human life,art is celebrated and used by natins acrss the wrld fr varius purpses.Life withut art wuld be bring and dead still,fr art is a part f what makes us human.
1.Art prducts differ frm mst ther cmmercial prducts because .
A.mst peple purchase them fr cllectin
B.they are mre expensive and less accessible
C.they have bth cmmercial and cultural values
D.their prices may climb up as time passes
2.By sharing their arts experiences,cmmunity members can .
A.keep the cmmunity safe frm illnesses
B.develp a strnger tie between them
C.learn t appreciate their wn wrks f art
D.ffer hnurable slutins t their prblems
3.What can we learn abut peple wh are invlved in artistic activities?
A.They enjy better living cnditins.
B.They like t cmpare themselves with thers.
C.They are particularly gd at bth music and art.
D.They tend t be healthier physically and mentally.
4.Hw des kids' engagement with the arts benefit them?
A.It prmtes their academic perfrmance and emtinal grwth.
B.It gives them mre cnfidence in exhibiting their learning skills.
C.It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.
D.It helps t make respnsible peple ut f them.
5.What is the best title fr this passage?
A.Hw Art Cures Our Hearts
B.Art:A Blessing t Humankind
C.Hw Art Benefits Cmmunities
D.Art:A Bridge Between Cultures
B
(2021·天津南開(kāi)一模)
Scientists at the Department f Energy's Lawrence Berkeley Natinal Labratry and the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy have—in just tw years—nearly dubled the number f materials knwn t have ptential fr use in slar fuels.
They did s by develping a prcess that prmises t speed the discvery f cmmercially viable(在商業(yè)上可行) generatin f slar fuels that culd replace cal,il,and ther fssil fuels.
Slar fuels,a dream f clean-energy research,are created using nly sunlight,water,and carbn dixide.Researchers are explring a range f pssible target fuels,but ne pssibility is t prduce hydrgen by splitting water.
Each water mlecule(分子) cnsists f ne xygen atm and tw hydrgen atms.The hydrgen atms are extracted,and then can be reunited t create highly flammable hydrgen gas r cmbined with CO2 t create hydrcarbn fuels,creating a plentiful and renewable energy surce.The prblem,hwever,is that water mlecules d nt simply break dwn when sunlight shines n them—if they did,the ceans wuld nt cver mst f the planet.They need a little help frm a slar-pwered catalyst(催化劑).
T create practical slar fuels,scientists have been trying t develp lw-cst and efficient materials that perfrm the necessary chemistry using nly visible light as an energy surce.
A new methd was develped thrugh a partnership between the Jint Center fr Artificial Phtsynthesis(JCAP) and Berkeley Lab's Materials Prject,using resurces at the Mlecular Fundry and the Natinal Energy Research Scientific Cmputing Center(NERSC).JCAP fcused n develping a cst-effective methd f turning sunlight,water,and carbn dixide int fuel.It is led by Caltech with Berkeley Lab as a majr partner.The Materials Prject is a prgram based at Berkeley Lab that aims t remve the guesswrk frm materials design in a variety f applicatins.
“What is particularly significant abut this study,which cmbines experiment and thery,is that in additin t identifying several new cmpunds fr slar fuel applicatins,we can als learn smething new abut the basic electrnic structure f the materials themselves,”says Neatn,the directr f the Mlecular Fundry.
6.What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs f the passage?
A.Sme scientists prmise t speed the discvery f cmmercially viable generatin f slar fuels.
B.Sme scientists have fund tw science labs.
C.Sme scientists fund new materials in slar fuels that culd replace traditinal fuels.
D.Sme scientists have used tw types f slar fuel in just tw years.
7.Accrding t the passage,what can we d t create a plentiful and renewable energy surce?
A.Use nly sunlight,water,and carbn dixide.
B.Extract hydrgen atms frm water mlecules.
C.Create hydrcarbn fuels frm water mlecules.
D.Explre pssible target fuels.
8.A slar-pwered catalyst can be used fr .
A.creating a new energy surce
B.breaking dwn water mlecules
C.creating highly flammable hydrgen gas
D.reuniting hydrgen atms extracted frm water mlecules
9.What can be cncluded frm the last paragraph?
A.The study will identify sme slar fuels.
B.Scientists can learn abut the basic electrnic structure f the new cmpunds.
C.The study invlves new thery and relative experiment.
D.The mst imprtant thing f the study is t find sme slar fuel applicatins.
10.What des the passage fcus n?
A.New materials culd turn water int the fuel f the future.
B.A new methd was develped t create a renewable fuel.
C.A prgram that aims t split water and create a clean-energy research.
D.Slar fuels are a dream f clean energy.
C
Hw fit are yur teeth?Are yu lazy abut brushing them?Never fear:An inventr is n the case.An electric tthbrush senses hw lng and hw well yu brush,and it lets yu track yur perfrmance n yur phne.
The tthbrush was exhibited at the Internatinal Cnsumer Electrnics Shw in Las Vegas.It senses hw it is mved and can send the infrmatin t a phne via a Bluetth wireless cnnectin.
The tthbrush will be able t teach yu t brush right (Dn't frget the insides f the teeth!) and make sure yu're brushing lng enugh.“It's kind f like having a dentist actually watch yur brushing n a day-t-day basis,” says Thmas Serval,the French inventr.
The tthbrush will als be able t talk t ther applicatins n yur phne,s develpers culd,fr instance,create a game cntrlled by yur tthbrush.Yu culd scre pints fr beating mnsters amng yur teeth.“We try t make it smart and fun,” Serval says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He wuld cme hme frm wrk and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said “yes”,but Serval wuld find their tthbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really tld him hw well his children brushed.
Serval says that ne day,it'll be pssible t replace the brush n the handle with a brushing unit that als has a camera.The camera can even examine hles in yur teeth while yu brush.
11.Which is ne f the features f the tthbrush?
A.It can sense hw users brush their teeth.
B.It can track users' schl perfrmance.
C.It can detect users' fear f seeing a dentist.
D.It can help users find their phnes.
12.What can we learn frm Serval's wrds in Paragraph 3?
A.Yu will find it enjyable t see a dentist.
B.Yu shuld see yur dentist n a day-t-day basis.
C.Yu can brush with the tthbrush as if guided by a dentist.
D.Yu'd like a dentist t watch yu brush yur teeth every day.
13.Which f the fllwing might make the tthbrush fun?
A.It can be used t update mbile phnes.
B.It can be used t play mbile phne games.
C.It can send messages t ther users.
D.It can talk t its develpers.
14.What is Paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A.Hw Serval fund ut his kids lied t him.
B.Why Serval thught brushing teeth was necessary.
C.Hw Serval taught his kids t brush their teeth.
D.What inspired Serval t invent the tthbrush.
15.What can we infer abut Serval's children?
A.They were unwilling t brush their teeth.
B.They ften failed t clean their tthbrushes.
C.They preferred t use a tthbrush with a dry head.
D.They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came hme.
D
(2019·天津卷)
Hw des an ecsystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) wrk?What makes the ppulatins f different species the way they are?Why are there s many flies and s few wlves?T find an answer,scientists have built mathematical mdels f fd webs,nting wh eats whm and hw much each ne eats.
With such mdels,scientists have fund ut sme key principles perating in fd webs.Mst fd webs,fr instance,cnsist f many weak links rather than a few strng nes.When a predatr(掠食動(dòng)物) always eats huge numbers f a single prey(獵物),the tw species are strngly linked;when a predatr lives n varius species,they are weakly linked.Fd webs may be dminated by many weak links because that arrangement is mre stable ver the lng term.If a predatr can eat several species,it can survive the extinctin(滅絕) f ne f them.And if a predatr can mve n t anther species that is easier t find when a prey species becmes rare,the switch allws the riginal prey t recver.The weak links may thus keep species frm driving ne anther t extinctin.
Mathematical mdels have als revealed that fd webs may be unstable,where small changes f tp predatrs can lead t big effects thrughut entire ecsystems.In the 1960s,scientists prpsed that predatrs at the tp f a fd web had a surprising amunt f cntrl ver the size f ppulatins f ther species—including species they did nt directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have prved the idea f tp-dwn cntrl by tp predatrs t be true.In the cean,we fished fr tp predatrs such as cd n an industrial scale,while n land,we killed ff large predatrs such as wlves.These actins have greatly affected the eclgical balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based n mathematical mdels.Ideally,the system wuld tell us when t adapt human activities that are pushing an ecsystem tward a breakdwn r wuld even allw us t pull an ecsystem back frm the brderline.Preventin is key,scientists say,because nce ecsystems pass their tipping pint(臨界點(diǎn)),it is remarkably difficult fr them t return.
16.What have scientists discvered with the help f mathematical mdels f fd webs?
A.The living habits f species in fd webs.
B.The rules gverning fd webs f the ecsystems.
C.The appraches t studying the species in the ecsystems.
D.The differences between weak and strng links in fd webs.
17.A strng link is fund between tw species when a predatr .
A.has a wide fd chice
B.can easily find new prey
C.sticks t ne prey species
D.can quickly mve t anther place
18.What will happen if the ppulatins f tp predatrs in a fd web greatly decline?
A.The prey species they directly attack will die ut.
B.The species they indirectly attack will turn int tp predatrs.
C.The living envirnment f ther species will remain unchanged.
D.The ppulatins f ther species will experience unexpected changes.
19.What cnclusin can be drawn frm the examples in Paragraph 4?
A.Uncntrlled human activities greatly upset ecsystems.
B.Rapid ecnmic develpment threatens animal habitats.
C.Species f cmmercial value dminate ther species.
D.Industrial activities help keep fd webs stable.
20.Hw des an early-warning system help us maintain the eclgical balance?
A.By getting illegal practices under cntrl.
B.By stpping us frm killing large predatrs.
C.By bringing the brken-dwn ecsystems back t nrmal.
D.By signaling the urgent need fr taking preventive actin.
必修第二冊(cè) Unit1 閱讀理解題組——練速度
1.C 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“Artcancnnectculturewithcmmercialprductsinawaythatntmanytherthingscan...”和最后一句中的“”可知,藝術(shù)可以把文化和商品以一種許多其他東西做不到的方式聯(lián)系起來(lái),藝術(shù)是文化和商業(yè)的完美結(jié)合。由此可推知,藝術(shù)品不同于其他商業(yè)產(chǎn)品,是因?yàn)樗鼈兗扔形幕瘍r(jià)值又有商業(yè)價(jià)值。故選C項(xiàng)。
2.B 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的theartscanbringcmmunitiestgether和第二句“'sexperience.”可知,社區(qū)成員通過(guò)分享藝術(shù)體驗(yàn)可以增進(jìn)彼此之間的關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。
3.D 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Itisfundthatpeplewhfrequentculturalplacesrparticipateinartisticeventsaremrelikelytgaingdhealthcmparedtthsewhdnt;mreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtahigherlevelfpeple'swell-being.”可知,和那些不參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的人相比,參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的人可能身體更加健康,而且藝術(shù)活動(dòng)參與得越多,幸福感就越強(qiáng)。由此可推知,參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的人身心會(huì)更健康。故選D項(xiàng)。
4.A 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Childrenwhareinvlvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducatin...”和最后一句“”可知,參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的孩子們會(huì)在教育方面取得更大的成就,而且鼓勵(lì)孩子們積極表達(dá)自己有助于孩子們?cè)谥蟮纳钪行纬山】档那榫w反應(yīng)。由此可推知,孩子們參與藝術(shù)活動(dòng)對(duì)其學(xué)業(yè)和情緒發(fā)展都有促進(jìn)作用。故選A項(xiàng)。
5.B 解析標(biāo)題歸納題。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知,文章的中心段是最后一段,該段總結(jié)了藝術(shù)對(duì)人類(lèi)的重要性,說(shuō)明了藝術(shù)是我們?nèi)祟?lèi)不可或缺的一部分。由此可推知,B項(xiàng)(藝術(shù):人類(lèi)的一大幸事)最符合文章內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。
6.C 解析推理判斷題。文章第一段說(shuō)科學(xué)家兩年內(nèi)在太陽(yáng)能燃料中發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多新物質(zhì);第二段說(shuō)這種太陽(yáng)能燃料可以替代傳統(tǒng)能源。故選C項(xiàng)。
7.C 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“,creatingaplentifulandrenewableenergysurce.”可知,每個(gè)水分子由一個(gè)氧原子和兩個(gè)氫原子組成……去制造碳?xì)浠衔锶剂?從而創(chuàng)造出一種豐富的可再生能源。故選C項(xiàng)。
8.B 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theprblem,hwever,”可知,問(wèn)題是當(dāng)陽(yáng)光照射到水分子時(shí),它們不會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單分解……它們需要一種太陽(yáng)能催化劑的幫助。故選B項(xiàng)。
9.B 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“”可知,我們還可以了解材料本身的基本電子結(jié)構(gòu)的新情況。故選B項(xiàng)(科學(xué)家可以了解新化合物的基本電子結(jié)構(gòu))。
10.A 解析主旨大意題。這篇文章第一段講述科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了更多太陽(yáng)能燃料中的新物質(zhì),之后開(kāi)始介紹新物質(zhì)可以用于把水變成燃料的原理和意義。故選A項(xiàng)(新的物質(zhì)可以把水變成未來(lái)的燃料)。
【長(zhǎng)難句分析】What is particularly significant abut this study,which cmbines experiment and thery,is that in additin t identifying several new cmpunds fr slar fuel applicatins,we can als learn smething new abut the basic electrnic structure f the materials themselves.
【分析】這句話主要是由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,以及that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句組成。
【譯文】這項(xiàng)結(jié)合了實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論的研究的特別重要之處在于,除了識(shí)別出幾種用于太陽(yáng)能燃料的新化合物外,我們還可以了解材料本身的基本電子結(jié)構(gòu)的新情況。
11.A 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話可知,這款牙刷可以追蹤用戶(hù)刷牙的情況。故選A項(xiàng)。
12.C 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“It'skindflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyurbrushingnaday-t-daybasis...”可知,使用這款牙刷就如同有牙科醫(yī)生每天觀察你刷牙的情況一樣。故選C項(xiàng)。
13.B 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)題中關(guān)鍵詞fun定位到第四段最后一句“Wetrytmakeitsmartandfun...”,再結(jié)合前文createagame可知答案為B項(xiàng)。
14.D 解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.”可知答案為D項(xiàng)。
15.A 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知,孩子們說(shuō)他們已經(jīng)刷過(guò)牙了,可是Serval卻發(fā)現(xiàn)牙刷頭是干的,沒(méi)有用過(guò)的痕跡。由此推知,他們不愿意刷牙。故選A項(xiàng)。
16.B 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“”可知,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵法則。故選B項(xiàng)。
17.C 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句中的“Whenapredatralwayseatshugenumbersfasingleprey,thetwspeciesarestrnglylinked...”可知,掠食動(dòng)物如果只吃一種獵物,那么它們之間會(huì)有“strnglink”。故選C項(xiàng)。
18.D 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“”可知,食物鏈頂端掠食動(dòng)物的數(shù)量變化可能會(huì)給整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)大的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。
19.A 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句話可知,人類(lèi)的這些行為極大地影響了生態(tài)的平衡。故選A項(xiàng)。
20.D 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句以及最后一句話中的Preventiniskey可推知D項(xiàng)正確。

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