【熱點(diǎn)題型歸納+演變】2024年高考英語專題訓(xùn)練專題13 閱讀理解之議論文-試卷-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

從上表可以看出，議論文雖說是高考英語閱讀理解中的重要文體，但所占比重不是很大，占有一定的比例，它是學(xué)生感覺比較難的題型。議論文就是說理性的文章，一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、提供充分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。
作者在開始敘述一個現(xiàn)象，然后對現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋。這類文章的主題是文中最重要的解釋或作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的解釋，閱讀時要注意作者給出的原因，所以又被稱為原因—結(jié)果(Cause & Effect)型。還有一種比較常見的是問題—答案型，作者在一開始或一段末以問句提出一個問題(相當(dāng)于一個現(xiàn)象)，然后給出該問題的答案(相當(dāng)于解釋)。針對文中問題給出的主要答案就是這種文章的中心。答題時優(yōu)先考慮正面答題(直接從文章內(nèi)容得出答案)，然后從中心、態(tài)度或利用解答特征等其他角度對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)；如果從文章內(nèi)容中直接無法解決，則從中心和態(tài)度方面考慮；次之，從解答特征方面考慮。
考生往往最怕此類體裁。山窮水盡時，記住：首先從整體上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，靠近中心的就是答案。
議論文的內(nèi)容涵蓋文化、歷史、文學(xué)、科學(xué)和教育等各個方面。在這類體裁的文章中把握好論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證很重要。此類體裁的文章中有關(guān)主旨大意和推理判斷的題目會較多，這也是得分比較難的題型。在閱讀這類文章的時候，我們要認(rèn)真把握作者的態(tài)度，領(lǐng)悟弦外之音，從而更好地依據(jù)文章的事實(shí)做出合理的推斷。
歷年全國高考英語閱讀理解的題型無非基本都是考查主旨大意、詞義猜測、推理判斷和細(xì)節(jié)理解四大題型。其中，命題以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，又兼顧詞義猜測題和主旨大意題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題主要考查的是對原文具體細(xì)節(jié)的理解和把控能力，難度相對較小，廣大考生除了平時必要的閱讀量和詞匯量的積累以外，掌握一定的解題技巧對解答閱讀理解題來說也是至關(guān)重要的。
題型歸納
題型01 主旨大意題
【題型詮釋】
主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力。根據(jù)多年的備考及高考實(shí)踐，這類題目考查的范圍是：基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。
干擾項(xiàng)：可能是文中某個具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)、可能是從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論、可能是非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。而正確答案需要根據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。
考生在解答這類題型時，需要從整體上理解語篇內(nèi)容，找出貫穿語篇的主線；不管是何種體裁的文章，都是圍繞一個主題來展開的。在試題設(shè)計(jì)上，3個干擾項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要內(nèi)容，需要注意甄別。
【典例1】(2023·湖北黃岡·黃岡中學(xué)?？级?
Public health data signals a genuine crisis in adlescent mental health: rising rates f anxiety, depressin, and hpelessness. But as we wrry abut tweens and teens wh are struggling, we can’t ignre anther munting effect — the burdens that are shuldered by their friends and peers in an “always n” wrld.
We have studied teens and tech fr ver a decade. Their netwrks are ever-expanding, in n small part because there’s a sense that being nice means accepting fellw requests frm acquaintances and friends-f-friends. And it’s nt just staying cnnected — it’s keeping up with what thers pst, t.
Scial media platfrms thus make it technically pssible t maintain mre relatinships than we are histrically actually wired t track and manage. The result is an verwhelming wave f scial infrmatin. It’s especially intense fr adlescents whse develpmental sensitivities drive them t care deeply abut what their peers are ding and thinking.
Significant stress cmes with trying t be a “gd friend” in the age f scial media. Friendship requires bth public and behind-the-scenes supprt. Even befre a scial media pst is made public, clse friends can be pulled int pht selectin, editing, and final examinatin. Besides, they need t respnd in the right way and in the right amunt f time, which differs frm ne relatinship t anther. Replying t quickly can be seen as ver-eager, especially when the friendship is new r nt clse. But when it’s a clse friend, t lng a lag (延遲) can be hurtful.
The qualities that are key t building r breaking friendships are actually the same as they’ve always been: mutual (相互的) sharing f jys and srrws, a give and take f acceptance and supprt, and an ability t weather and reslve cnflicts. But technlgies have transfrmed hw friendships play ut. Scial media increases the burdens that cme alng with being a gd friend. T ften, these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are lst n adults. And that is what shuld be changed with the help f parents, schls and ther parts f sciety.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Why mre teens are addicted t scial media.
B. Hw teens nwadays gain lng-standing friendships.
C. Hw scial media has made teen friendships mre stressful.
D. What makes teens becme mre sensitive t their peers’ needs.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“But as we wrry abut tweens and teens wh are struggling, we can’t ignre anther munting effect — the burdens that are shuldered by their friends and peers in an “always n” wrld.(但是，當(dāng)我們擔(dān)心那些正在掙扎的青少年時，我們不能忽視另一個日益增加的影響——在一個“永遠(yuǎn)在線”的世界里，他們的朋友和同齡人所承擔(dān)的負(fù)擔(dān)。)”可知，本文主要講的是社交媒體是如何讓青少年的友誼變得更緊張的，故選C。
題型02 詞義猜測題
【題型詮釋】
閱讀理解的測試中經(jīng)常有猜測詞、短語、習(xí)語、句子意義的題目，近幾年高考閱讀中詞義猜測題的考查方法呈多樣化，其中根據(jù)上下文語境推測詞義將會越來越多。有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需猜測其意義的詞或短語，后文接著會出現(xiàn)其定義、解釋或例子，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。
我們還可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but，hwever，therwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(；)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。還可以根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。
解答此類題的要領(lǐng)：(1)從文中找線索或信息詞；(2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新詞的意思；(3)根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞在特定句中的確切意思。(4)要特別注意熟詞新意！
【典例2】(2023上·福建廈門·高三廈門一中?？计谥?
The curb cut (路緣坡). It’s a cnvenience that mst f us rarely, if ever, ntice. Yet, withut it, daily life might be a lt harder—in mre ways than ne. Pushing a baby strller nt the curb, skatebarding nt a sidewalk r taking a full grcery cart frm the sidewalk t yur car—all these tasks are easier because f the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpse in mind.
It’s hard t imagine tday, but back in the 1970s, mst sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drp-ff. That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance. Accrding t ne disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Munt Everest”. S, activists frm Berkeley, Califrnia, wh als needed wheelchairs, rganized a campaign t create tiny ramps at intersectins t help peple dependent n wheels mve up and dwn curbs independently.
I think abut the “curb cut effect” a lt when wrking n issues arund health equity (公平). The first time I even heard abut the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanfrd Scial Innvatin Review piece by Plicy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as “a zer-sum game (零和游戲)” and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a “prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.” What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that “when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.”
There are multiple examples f this principle at wrk. Fr example, investing in plicies that create mre living-wage jbs r increase the availability f affrdable husing certainly benefits peple in cmmunities that have limited ptins. But, the actin als empwers thse peple with pprtunities fr better health and the means t becme cntributing members f sciety—and that benefits everyne. Even the ftball huddle (密商) was initially created t help deaf ftball players at Gallaudet Cllege keep their game plans secret frm ppnents wh culd have read their sign language. Tday, it’s used by every team t prevent the ppnent frm learning abut game-winning strategies.
S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.
23. What des the underlined qute frm the disability rights leader imply cncerning a six-inch curb?
A. It is an unfrgettable symbl.B. It is an impassable barrier.
C. It is an imprtant sign.D. It is an impressive landmark.
【答案】B
【解析】短語猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中畫線詞前一句“That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance.(對于坐輪椅的人來說，這是一件大事，因?yàn)闆]有坡道可以幫助他們在沒有幫助的情況下沿著城市街區(qū)移動。)”可知，在沒有坡道時，坐輪椅的人沒有辦法上下路緣，這里一位殘疾人權(quán)益領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說一個六英尺高的路緣“might as well have been Munt Everest”，即相當(dāng)于珠穆朗瑪峰，由此可推測出，這暗示了一個六英尺高的路緣對坐輪椅的人來說是一個難以通過的障礙。故選B。
題型03 推理判斷題
【題型詮釋】
推斷題要求學(xué)生在理解文章表面信息的基礎(chǔ)上，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理的結(jié)論一定是原文有這層意思，但沒有明確表達(dá)的。推理要根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇、段落和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，各個信息所暗示和隱含的意義，作者的隱含意等對文章進(jìn)行推理判斷?？忌晌淖值谋韺有畔⑼诰虺鑫恼碌纳顚雍x，要能透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)。
推斷題是議論文中出現(xiàn)頻率最高、難度最大的題目。推斷題常?？疾閷懽髂康?、作者意圖、結(jié)論推斷或者文章出處推斷等。常見的題目如下：
①Frm the example in paragraph..., we can infer that ____________.
②Whats the purpse f the text?
③Whats the attitude f the authr twards
做此類題的要領(lǐng)：既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章的隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作出正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度考慮而不是固守自己的看法。不可用主觀臆斷來代替文中作者的觀點(diǎn)，不能用事實(shí)代替推理，不能用具體代替抽象，不能用現(xiàn)象代替實(shí)質(zhì)。
【典例3】(2022·山東東營·勝利一中?？寄M預(yù)測)
Thrughut histry, many species f animals have been threatened with extinctin. When Eurpeans first arrived in Nrth America, mre than 60 millin buffal (水牛) lived n the cntinent. Yet hunting the buffal was s ppular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s ppulatin had fallen t abut 400 befre the gvernment stepped in t prtect the species. In sme cuntries tday, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals fr the ivry in their tusks.
Yet nt all animals with cmmercial value face this threat (威脅). The cw, fr example, is a valuable surce f fd, but n ne wrries that the cw will sn be extinct. Why des the cmmercial value f ivry threaten the elephant while the cmmercial value f beef prtects the cw?
The reasn is that elephants are a cmmn resurce, while cws are private gds. Elephants wander freely withut any wners. The hunter has a strng mtivatin t kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerus, each has nly a slight mtivatin t preserve the elephant ppulatin. By cntrast, cattle live n farms that are privately wned. Each farmer makes great effrt t maintain the cattle ppulatin n his farm because he harvests the benefit f these effrts.
Gvernments have tried t slve the elephant’s prblem in tw ways. Sme cuntries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal t kill elephants and sell their ivry. Yet these laws have been hard t put int effect, and elephant ppulatins have cntinued t dwindle. By cntrast, ther cuntries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private gds and allwed peple t kill elephants, but nly thse n their wn prperty.
With private wnership and the prfit mtive nw n its side, the African elephant might smeday be as safe frm extinctin as the cw. The ancient Greek philspher Aristtle pinted ut the prblem with cmmn resurces: “What is cmmn t many is taken least care f, fr all men have greater regard fr what is their wn than fr what they pssess in cmmn with thers.”
1. Why des the authr mentin buffal in paragraph 1?
A. T intrduce a similar threat t elephants.B. T prvide an example f species extinctin.
C. T ffer an explanatin fr gvernment plicies.D. T present the statistics f the buffal in America.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Yet hunting the buffal was s ppular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s ppulatin had fallen t abut 400 befre the gvernment stepped in t prtect the species. In sme cuntries tday, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals fr the ivry in their tusks. (然而，狩獵水牛在19世紀(jì)是如此流行，以至于到了1900年，野牛的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降到大約400只，直到政府介入保護(hù)這個物種。今天在一些國家，大象也面臨著類似的挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)榉欠ú东C者為了獲取象牙而捕殺這種動物。)”可知，作者之所以提到水牛，是為了介紹大象所面臨的類似威脅。故選A項(xiàng)。
題型04 細(xì)節(jié)理解題
【題型詮釋】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對文章中某些細(xì)節(jié)或重要事實(shí)的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語意理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要考生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。它們往往以what, which, wh, when, where, hw來提問，有時還會加上一個前提，如：Accrding t the passage/the first/last para-graph...。
做此類題時可以使用定位法與跳讀法。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子(即定位)，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析(尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換)，從而選出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關(guān)的句子(有時可能是幾個句子)或段落，然后進(jìn)行簡單分析、推理等，從而找出正確答案。
【典例4】(2023秋·江蘇蘇州·高三蘇州中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))
Science is a prcess that builds upn existing theries and knwledge by cntinuusly revising them. Every aspect f scientific knwledge can be questined, including the general rules f thinking that appear t be mst certain. S why is science trustwrthy if it is always changing? If tmrrw we will n lnger see the wrld as Newtn r Einstein fund it t be, why shuld we take seriusly tday’s scientific descriptin f the wrld?
The answer is simple: Because at any given mment f ur histry, this descriptin f the wrld is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t diminish (降低) the fact that it is a useful instrument fr understanding the wrld.
Cnsider a flk healer’s herbal medicine. Can we say this treatment is “scientific”? Yes, if it is prven t be effective, even if we have n idea why it wrks. In fact, quite a few cmmn medicatins used tday have their rigin in flk treatments, and we are still nt sure hw they wrk. This des nt imply that flk treatments are generally effective. T the cntrary, many f them are nt. What distinguishes scientific medicine is the readiness t seriusly test a treatment and t be ready t change ur minds if smething is shwn nt t wrk. A research dctr in a mdern hspital must be ready t change his thery if a mre effective way f understanding illness, r treating it, becmes available.
What makes mdern science uniquely pwerful is its refusal t believe that it already pssesses ultimate truth. The reliability f science is based nt n certainty but n a cmplete absence f certainty. As Jhn Stuart Mill wrte in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have mst warrant (依據(jù)) fr, have n safeguard t rest n, but a standing invitatin t the whle wrld t prve them unfunded.”
2. What can we learn abut tday’s scientific descriptin f the wrld?
A. It can be timeless.B. It can be imprved.C. It is f little value.D. It is the best at any mment.
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The answer is simple: Because at any given mment f ur histry, this descriptin f the wrld is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t diminish (降低) the fact that it is a useful instrument fr understanding the wrld.(答案很簡單：因?yàn)樵谖覀儦v史的任何時刻，這種對世界的描述都是我們擁有的最好的描述。它可以變得更好這一事實(shí)不能削弱它是理解世界的有用工具這一事實(shí))”可知，今天對世界的科學(xué)描述還可以改進(jìn)。故選B。
高考練場
題型01 主旨大意題
(2022年全國甲卷英語真題D篇)
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there —brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways—he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口號), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解決).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
【答案】C
【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“The city discvered its harbr.”以及最后一句“But it is the harbr that makes the city.”可知，第一段主要講了悉尼發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。故選C項(xiàng)。
題型02 詞義猜測題
(2023年全國乙卷英語真題D篇)
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
【答案】B
【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最強(qiáng)大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化社會之間的接觸時，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對話的一半。)”結(jié)合劃線句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對象。所以cnversatin指的是“歷史”。故選B。
題型03 推理判斷題
(2021年全國甲卷英語真題D篇)
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It’s said that histry is written by the victrs,and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender (性別) are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn’t take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here’s the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs (因素) like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
33. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are ‘really, really smart.’”可知，六歲左右的小女孩受社會信念的影響，避開那些被認(rèn)為是非常聰明的小孩才能參加的活動。由此推斷，女孩很可能受到社會信念的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。
題型04 細(xì)節(jié)理解題
(2021年全國乙卷英語真題D篇)
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin (干擾) in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus.” His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut (布局). But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels (分貝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp—significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence—may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
32. Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A. It helps him cncentrate.B. It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C. It has a pleasant atmsphere.D. It encurages face-t-face interactins.
【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus.”可知, fcus和選項(xiàng)中的cncentrate都表示“注意力集中”。故選A項(xiàng)。
名校模擬
A
(2023上·四川成都·高三成都外國語學(xué)校?？计谥?
Family-Friendly Events in January
ZLights: Glw Wild Jan. 1-19
The Phenix Z’s yearly hliday light shw is n until Jan. 19, allwing families ne r mre pprtunities t enjy the city’s z, with millins f lights giving an added dimensin t the festivities.
Glw Wild, 455 N. Galvin Pkwy. , Phenix, phenixz.rg, $11.95 members, $13.95 general admissin.
Dwntwn Mesa Festival f the Arts Jan. 4-18
The Dwntwn Mesa Festival f the Arts features the wrk f established and emerging artists, including thse wh create wdwrk, metal crafts, fd items, art, phtgraphy and gifts.
On Macdnald, ff f Main Street in Dwntwn Mesa, dtmesafest.cm, free admissin.
Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4
OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hsting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Curtyard, featuring real snw fr the kids t play in. This free event features everything frm bunce huses t rides, games, snwflake crafts and face painting t g with varius stands set up by lcal sellers, with fd and ther fferings fr sale at the event.
9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scttsdale, dyseainthedesert.cm, free.
Yuth Fine Arts Curse Jan. 18-Mar. 7
Mesa Arts Center is hsting an eight-week yuth arts curse n Saturdays t teach artistic skills and knwledge thrugh fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety f art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessins fr all.
Mesa Art Center, 1 E. Main St, Mesa, mesaartscenter.cm, $93.
1. Hw can yu get a discunted ticket t the ZLights shw?
A. Bring a friend.B. Get a membership.C. Jin a tur grup.D. Bk a ticket nline.
2. What can yu d at Family Fun Winterfest?
A. Have free fd.B. Take art classes.C. Enjy real snw.D. Meet lcal artists.
3. Which event lasts the lngest?
A. ZLights: Glw Wild.B. Dwntwn Mesa Festival f the Arts.
C. Yuth Fine Arts Curses.D. Family Fun Winterfest.
B
（2023·四川成都·成都市錦江區(qū)嘉祥外國語高級中學(xué)?？既＃㎝y husband and I always wanted t g t the Caribbean but didn’t knw much abut the islands r hw we were ging t affrd it. By chance, a friend f urs in Australia mentined “pet sitting” and that it is smething yu can d all ver the wrld.
We quickly created an accunt n a pet sitting website and began searching fr ptins. There were nly a cuple f sits available in that part f the wrld, but we tried ur luck, sent a request, and t ur surprise landed a three-mnth jb in Grenada, s ur year was ging t be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.
Inspired by a Canadian cuple, we decided t start ur wn travel blg. We began by writing abut the Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. Hwever, fr every pht album f a beautiful beach, there were 10 phts f trash. It was hard t ignre the plastic pllutin issue, especially n such primitive and remte beaches. S, we began t share phts f the trash we saw and hw much we culd pick up n ur daily dg walks.
The mre we lked int plastic pllutin, the mre we realized the severity f the glbal plastic pllutin. Frm that pint, we used ur platfrm t create awareness and highlight ways t say n t plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed ur daily rutines, ur way f living, and even ur diets t accmmdate mre rganic fds and little t n plastic packaging.
It’s been ver three years nw and we cntinue t d what we can. This jurney has led us t sme amazing places, wrking with great brands and even rganizing a cuntry-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim nw is t keep n ging. We lve cnnecting with like-minded peple. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a cnversatin abut pet sitting. Wh wuld have guessed?
4. Why did the authr d pet sitting?
A. T raise fund.B. T prtect the envirnment.
C. T cver travel expenses.D. T sht beautiful beaches.
5. What des the authr intend t cnvey thrugh her stry?
A. Pet sitting is a new type f ccupatin.B. The Caribbean is an ideal travel destinatin.
C. Travel blg is a superb way t gain ppularity.D. Actin shuld be taken t fight plastic pllutin.
6. Hw did the authr find her experience in the Caribbean?
A. Challenging.B. Significant.C. Adventurus.D. Rmantic.
7. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Changing Lifestyles by Ding Pet SittingB. Unexpected Gains frm Pet Sitting Travel
C. Dealing with Glbal Envirnment PllutinD. The Availability f Pet Sitting in the Caribbean
C
（2023上·四川雅安·高三雅安中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）Ancient builders acrss the wrld created structures that are still standing tday, thusands f years later. Rman builders built thick cncrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders cnstructed walls against freign enemies.
A grwing number f scientists have been studying materials since a lng time ag. They are breaking apart pieces f buildings and reading histrical texts hping t learn hw they have std fr thusands f years. The research has turned up a surprising list f materials that were mixed int ld buildings. They include tree bark, vlcanic ash, rice and beer. These unexpected materials can have the ability t get strnger ver time. Figuring ut hw t cpy these features can have real impacts tday. While sme f ur mdern cncrete has the strength t hld up very tall buildings and heavy structures, it cannt cmpete with the durability f these ancient materials.
Many scientists have turned t the Rmans. Starting arund 200 BC, the Rman Empire was building cncrete structures that have std the test f time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures fr ages, yu will find cncrete basically the way it was when it was pured 2,000 years ag. They think they have fund an imprtant reasn why sme Rman cncrete has held up structures fr thusands f years. That the ancient materials have an unusual pwer t restre themselves and “cure” cracks (裂縫) when they frm is the mst shcking fr them. Exactly hw is nt yet clear, but scientists are starting t find the reasns.
Tday’s builders cannt just cpy the ancient prcesses. Even thugh Rman cncrete lasted a lng time, it culdn’t hld up heavy buildings. Instead, researchers are trying t take sme f the ancient materials and add them int mdern mixes. Peple dn’t need t make things last quite as lng as the Rmans did. If we add 50 r 100 years t cncrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling dwn, less maintenance and less material in the lng run.
8. What were the mentined Rman and Chinese buildings bth used fr?
A. Travel.B. Defence.C. Sldier training.D. Seawater cntrl.
9. Which wrd can best describe the ancient buildings?
A. Lng-lasting.B. Energy-efficient.C. Delicate.D. Flexible.
10. What surprises the scientists mst abut the ancient building materials?
A. Their large cracks.B. Their clear cncrete.
C. Their internal structures.D. Their self-repairing ability.
11. What is the authr’s attitude t the future cncrete?
A. Tlerant.B. Expectant.C. Suspicius.D. Indifferent.
D
（2023上·四川成都·高三成都七中?？茧A段練習(xí)）Cnservatinists g t war ver whether humans are the measure f nature’s value. New Cnservatinists argue such trade-ffs are necessary in this human dminated era. And they supprt “re-wilding”, a cncept riginally prpsed by Sule where peple reduce ecnmic grwth and withdraw frm landscapes, which then return t nature.
New Cnservatinists believe the withdrawal culd happen tgether with ecnmic grwth. The Califrnia-based Breakthrugh Institute believes in a future where mst peple live in cities and rely less n natural resurces fr ecnmic grwth.
They wuld get fd frm industrial agriculture, including genetically mdified fds, desalinatin intensified meat prductin and aquaculture (水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖), all f which have a smaller land ftprint. And they wuld get their energy frm renewables and natural gas.
Driving these prfund shifts wuld be greater efficiency f prductin, where mre prducts culd be manufactured frm fewer inputs. And sme unsustainable cmmdities wuld be replaced in the market by ther, greener nes-natural gas fr cal, fr instance, explained Michael Heisenberg., president f the Breakthrugh Institute. Nature wuld, in essence, be decupled frm the ecnmy.
And then he added a warning: “We are nt suggesting decupling as the pattern t save the wrld, r that it slves all the prblems.”
Cynics (悲觀者) may say all this sunds t utpian, but Breakthrugh maintains the wrld is already n this path tward decupling. Nwhere is this mre evident than in the United Sates, accrding t Idd Wernick, a research schlar at the Rckefeller University, wh has examined the natin’s use f 100 main cmmdities.
Wernick and his clleagues lked at data carefully frm the U. S. Gelgical Survey Natinal Minerals Infrmatin Center, which keeps a recrd f cmmdities used frm 1900 thrugh the present day. They fund that the use f 36 cmmdities (sand, irn re, cttn etc.) in the U. S. Ecnmy had peaked.
Anther 53 cmmdities (nitrgen, timber, beef, etc.) are being used mre efficiently per dllar value f grss dmestic prduct than in the pre-1970s era. Their use wuld peak sn, Wernick said.
Only 11 cmmdities (industrial diamnd, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nv. 6), and mst f these are emplyed by industries in small quantities t imprve systems prcesses. Chicken use is rising because peple are eating less beef, a desirable develpment since pultry cultivatin has a smaller envirnmental ftprint.
The numbers shw the United States has nt intensified resurce cnsumptin since the1970s even while increasing its GDP and ppulatin, said Jesse Ausubel f the Rckefeller University.
“It seems like the 20th-century expectatin we had, we were always assuming the future invlved greater cnsumptin f resurces,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the develped cuntries is, f curse, peaks.”
12. What des the underlined wrd “trade-ffs” refer t in the first paragraph?
A. The difficult situatin f ecnmies grwth.
B. The prfitability f imprt and exprt trade.
C. The balance between human develpment and natural eclgy.
D. The cnsumptin f natural resurces by industrial develpment.
13. Which f the fllwing is true f the views f the new envirnmentalists?
A. They believe that mankind shuld limit ecnmic grwth.
B. They believe that mankind is the master f the whle universe.
C. They believe that mankind shuld live in frests with rich vegetatin.
D. They believe that mankind will need mre natural resurces in the future.
14. What can we infer frm the last paragraph f the passage?
A. Natural resurces cannt supprt ecnmic develpment.
B. All resurce cnsumptin in develped cuntries has reached a peak.
C. Mre resurce cnsumptin will nt ccur in a certain perid f time.
D. Excessive resurce cnsumptin will nt affect the eclgical envirnment.
15. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Urbanizatin and re-wildness.
B. Human existence and industrial develpment.
C. Cmmdity trading and raw material develpment.
D. Sciecnmic develpment and resurce cnsumptin.
參考答案與解析
A篇
1. B 2. C 3. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個在一月份舉辦的家庭友好活動。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ZLights: Glw Wild Jan. 1-19部分中“$11. 95 members, $13. 95 general admissin (會員11.95美元；普通門票13.95美元，)”可知，獲得會員資格就可以買到ZLights表演的折扣票。故選B。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Family Fun Winterfest Jan.4部分中“OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hsting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Curtyard, featuring real snw fr the kids t play in.(位于沙漠中的奧德海水族館正在其沙漠庭院舉辦第三屆年度家庭趣味冬季活動，以真正的雪為特色，供孩子們玩耍)”可知，在Family Fun Winterfest可以欣賞到真正的雪。故選C。
3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知ZLights: Glw Wild從1月1日到19日；Dwntwn Mesa Festival f the Arts從1月4日到18日；Family Fun Winterfest在1月4日；Yuth Fine Arts Curse從1月18日到3月7日。所以Yuth Fine Arts Curses持續(xù)時間最長。故選C。
B篇
4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和丈夫通過申請寵物看護(hù)的方式獲得了去加勒比海地區(qū)旅行的機(jī)會，在記錄旅行的過程中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了海灘上難以忽視的塑料污染問題，開始從自身做起，清理海灘上的塑料垃圾，并建立平臺開展活動，號召更多的人應(yīng)對這一問題。
4. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“My husband and I always wanted t g t the Caribbean but didn’t knw much abut the islands r hw we were ging t affrd it. By chance, a friend f urs in Australia mentined “pet sitting” and that it is smething yu can d all ver the wrld.(我丈夫和我一直想去加勒比海地區(qū)，但對那些島嶼不太了解，也不知道我們怎么負(fù)擔(dān)得起。一次偶然的機(jī)會，我們在澳大利亞的一個朋友提到了“寵物看護(hù)”，這是你在世界各地都可以做的事情)”可知，作者夫妻二人擔(dān)心去加勒比海地區(qū)旅行的費(fèi)用，朋友提出的寵物看護(hù)恰好可以解決這個問題。由此可知，他們照顧寵物是為了支付旅行的費(fèi)用。故選C。
5. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“It was hard t ignre the plastic pllutin issue, especially n such primitive and remte beaches.(很難忽視塑料污染問題，尤其是在這樣原始和偏遠(yuǎn)的海灘上)”和第四段中“The mre we lked int plastic pllutin, the mre we realized the severity f the glbal plastic pllutin. Frm that pint, we used ur platfrm t create awareness and highlight ways t say n t plastic and travel plastic-free.(對塑料污染了解得越多，我們就越意識到全球塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性。從那時起，我們利用我們的平臺來提高人們的意識，并強(qiáng)調(diào)拒絕塑料和無塑料旅行的方式)”可知，作者在旅行的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料污染問題，隨著深入的了解，越發(fā)覺得需要采取行動應(yīng)對這一問題，并從自身做起，號召更多的人參與這一行動。由此推知，作者通過她的故事想呼吁大家行動起來應(yīng)對塑料污染。故選D。
6. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“This jurney has led us t sme amazing places, wrking with great brands and even rganizing a cuntry-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.（這段旅程帶領(lǐng)我們?nèi)チ艘恍┝钊梭@嘆的地方，與非常棒的品牌合作，甚至在格林納達(dá)組織了一場全國范圍的海灘清理運(yùn)動）”可知，作者在加勒比海地區(qū)的經(jīng)歷不僅令她收獲了旅行的快樂，還令她做到了有意義的事情，采取行動應(yīng)對塑料污染。由此推知，作者會覺得這段經(jīng)歷非常有意義。故選B。
7. 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者和丈夫通過申請寵物看護(hù)的方式獲得了去加勒比海地區(qū)旅行的機(jī)會，在記錄旅行的過程中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了海灘上難以忽視的塑料污染問題，開始從自身做起，清理海灘上的塑料垃圾，并建立平臺開展活動，號召更多的人應(yīng)對這一問題。再結(jié)合最后一段中“It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a cnversatin abut pet sitting. Wh wuld have guessed?(這幾年是由一個關(guān)于寵物看護(hù)的對話引發(fā)的。誰能猜到呢?)”可知，這一段旅行經(jīng)歷的收獲是作者開始的時候不曾想到的，因此B項(xiàng)（寵物看護(hù)旅行的意外收獲）可概括文章大意，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選B。
C篇
8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在幾千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒的原因。
8. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Rman builders built thick cncrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders cnstructed walls against freign enemies.”（羅馬的建造者建造了厚厚的混凝土防波堤。瑪雅工匠創(chuàng)造了偉大的雕塑，中國工匠建造了抵御外敵的城墻。）可推知，羅馬和中國的建筑都是用來起到防御作用的。故選B項(xiàng)。
9. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ancient builders acrss the wrld created structures that are still standing tday, thusands f years later.”（世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在幾千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒。）以及第二段中“A grwing number f scientists have been studying materials since a lng time ag. They are breaking apart pieces f buildings and reading histrical texts hping t learn hw they have std fr thusands f years.”（長久以來，越來越多的科學(xué)家一直在研究材料。他們正在拆除建筑物的碎片，閱讀歷史文獻(xiàn)，希望了解它們是如何屹立數(shù)千年的。）可推知，這些古建筑能夠持久的存在。故選A項(xiàng)。
10. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“That the ancient materials have an unusual pwer t restre themselves and “cure” cracks when they frm is the mst shcking fr them.”（這些古老的材料具有一種不尋常的力量，可以在裂縫形成時自我修復(fù)和“治愈”裂縫，這對他們來說是最令人震驚的。）可知，古代建筑材料中最令科學(xué)家驚訝的是它們的自我修復(fù)能力。故選D項(xiàng)。
11. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“If we add 50 r 100 years t cncrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling dwn, less maintenance and less material in the lng run.”（如果我們將混凝土的壽命延長50年或100年，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，我們肯定需要更少的拆除，更少的維護(hù)和更少的材料。）可推知，作者對未來混凝土的態(tài)度是期待的。故選B項(xiàng)。
D篇
12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了新保護(hù)主義者的“重野化”概念。
12. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Cnservatinists g t war ver whether humans are the measure f nature’s value. (自然資源保護(hù)主義者就人類是否是自然價值的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)展開了戰(zhàn)爭)”可知，自然資源保護(hù)主義者倡導(dǎo)權(quán)衡人類與自然關(guān)系，結(jié)合后文“And they supprt “re-wilding”, a cncept riginally prpsed by Sule where peple reduce ecnmic grwth and withdraw frm landscapes, which then return t nature. (他們還支持“再野生化”，這一概念最初是由索勒提出的，即人們減少經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，退出自然景觀，然后回歸自然)”可知，他們提倡人們減少經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，退出自然景觀，然后回歸自然。由此推知，他們認(rèn)為這種人與自然的平衡是必要的，trade-ffs指的是人類發(fā)展與自然生態(tài)的平衡。故選C。
13. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“New Cnservatinists believe the withdrawal culd happen tgether with ecnmic grwth. The Califrnia-based Breakthrugh Institute believes in a future where mst peple live in cities and rely less n natural resurces fr ecnmic grwth. (新環(huán)保主義者認(rèn)為，退出可以與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長一起發(fā)生?？偛课挥诩又莸耐黄蒲芯克嘈?，未來大多數(shù)人將生活在城市，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對自然資源的依賴將減少)”可推知，新環(huán)保主義者認(rèn)為人類應(yīng)該限制經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。故選A。
14. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““It seems like the 20th-century expectatin we had, we were always assuming the future invlved greater cnsumptin f resurces,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the develped cuntries is, f curse, peaks.” (奧蘇貝爾說：“這似乎就像我們20世紀(jì)的預(yù)期，我們總是假設(shè)未來會消耗更多的資源?！薄暗覀冊诎l(fā)達(dá)國家看到的，當(dāng)然是峰值。”)”可斷，現(xiàn)在的資源消耗是峰值，由此推知，在一段時間內(nèi)不會出現(xiàn)更多的資源消耗。故選C。
15. 主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是前兩段的內(nèi)容可知，這篇短文主要討論了新保護(hù)主義者的觀點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為人類是衡量自然價值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提倡“重野化”概念，即人們應(yīng)限制經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，減少對自然資源的依賴，提高生產(chǎn)效率，并從自然景觀中退出，讓自然回歸。因此，文章主要和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、資源消耗有關(guān)。故選D。項(xiàng)目
年份卷別
語篇類型
題型
應(yīng)用文
記敘文
說明文
議論文
細(xì)節(jié)理解
推理判斷
主旨要義
詞義猜測
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全國甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全國乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全國甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全國乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全國甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全國乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全國I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全國Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2

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