記敘文類文章描述的是一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局，通常有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時(shí)間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來講，文章的難度通常不大，在閱讀過程中，我們一直在某個(gè)線索的引導(dǎo)下，隨著作者的思路去了解一個(gè)故事或一件事情的始末，因此會(huì)感到比較輕松。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類文章應(yīng)特別注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，應(yīng)讀懂故事的發(fā)生，發(fā)展，高潮和結(jié)局；(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蘊(yùn)含的哲理意義；(3)若是“逸聞趣事”，應(yīng)體會(huì)對(duì)話的風(fēng)趣性，進(jìn)而才能感受幽默的精髓。
高考記敘文閱讀理解注重題材的多樣化、現(xiàn)代化和生活化，涵蓋了人物故事、社會(huì)文化等方面，符合新課標(biāo)人與自我、人與自然、人與社會(huì)三大主題語境，凸顯語言與文化相結(jié)合。高考記敘文的篇幅一般都在280至350詞左右，段落較多。文章語法結(jié)構(gòu)多樣化、表達(dá)方式靈活，常用短語和平時(shí)不常見到的表達(dá)交織在文章中，使文章更加生動(dòng)和地道，也在一定程度上增加了理解的難度。2020-2023年高考試題中的記敘文考查情況（見下表）：
題型歸納
題型01 細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題
【題型詮釋】
細(xì)節(jié)題幾乎是每一篇記敘文閱讀理解中都會(huì)出現(xiàn)的題型，圍繞文章主題考查學(xué)生對(duì)具體信息點(diǎn)的理解。一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細(xì)節(jié)、具體的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的，所有這些信息以某種順序(時(shí)間、空間、情感變化等)排列起來，來進(jìn)一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。
細(xì)節(jié)理解題目主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但在整個(gè)閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細(xì)節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計(jì)題目。包括三種題型：1.直接事實(shí)題；2.間接事實(shí)題；3. 數(shù)據(jù)推算。
在做直接事實(shí)題時(shí)，要抓住題干文字信息，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，因?yàn)檫@類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。做間接事實(shí)題時(shí)，需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進(jìn)行簡單的概括和判斷或者要進(jìn)行簡單的計(jì)算。數(shù)據(jù)推算題要求學(xué)生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡單計(jì)算和推斷。在做此類題時(shí)：1.要抓住并正確理解與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息含義。2.弄清眾多信息中那些屬于有用信息，那些屬于干擾信息。3.不要孤立看待數(shù)字信息，而要抓住一些關(guān)鍵用語的意義。
【典例1】(湖南省長沙市長郡中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月考英語試題)
Inspired by the effrtless way humans handle bjects withut seeing them, a team led by engineers at the University f Califrnia San Dieg has develped a new apprach that enables a rbtic hand t rtate (旋轉(zhuǎn)) bjects slely thrugh tuch, withut relying n visin.
Using their technique, the researchers built a rbtic hand that can smthly rtate a wide variety f bjects, frm small tys, cans t even fruits and vegetables, withut bruising r damaging them. The rbtic hand accmplished these tasks using nly infrmatin based n tuch. The wrk culd aid in the develpment f rbts that can manipulate bjects in the dark.
T build their system, the researchers attached 16 tuch sensrs t the palm and fingers f a fur-fingered rbtic hand. Each sensr csts abut $12 and serves a simple functin: detect whether an bject is tuching it r nt.
What makes this apprach unique is that it relies n many lw-cst tuch sensrs that use simple, binary (二進(jìn)制的) signals—tuch r n tuch—t perfrm rbtic in-hand rtatin. These sensrs are spread ver a large area f the rbtic hand. This cntrasts with a variety f ther appraches that rely n a few high-cst tuch sensrs affixed t a small area f the rbtic hand, primarily at the fingertips.
The researchers then tested their system n the real-life rbtic hand with bjects that the system has nt yet encuntered. The rbtic hand was able t rtate a variety f bjects withut stalling r lsing its hld. The bjects included a tmat, pepper, a can f peanut butter and a ty rubber duck, which was the mst challenging bject due t its shape.
The researchers are nw wrking n extending their apprach t mre cmplex manipulatin tasks. They are currently develping techniques t enable rbtic hands t catch, thrw and juggle, fr example. “If we can give rbts this skill, that will pen the dr t the kinds f tasks they can perfrm,” said ne f the researchers.
8. What des the underlined wrd “manipulate” prbably mean?
10. Why is the ty rubber duck difficult fr a rbtic hand t rtate?
A. It’s never been seen by rbts.B. It has an unusual shape.
C. It has a unique smell.D. It can damage rbts.
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“The bjects included a tmat, pepper, a can f peanut butter and a ty rubber duck, which was the mst challenging bject due t its shape. (這些物品包括一個(gè)西紅柿、辣椒、一罐花生醬和一個(gè)玩具橡皮鴨，由于它的形狀，橡皮鴨是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的物品。)”可知，橡皮鴨特殊的形狀使得機(jī)械手很難旋轉(zhuǎn)它。故選B。
題型02 主題理解或?qū)懽饕鈭D推斷題
【題型詮釋】
寫作意圖題要求考生在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的寫作意圖。題干中常有 purpse, in rder t 等詞。不同體裁文章的寫作意圖不同。故事類記敘文的目的通常是娛樂讀者(t entertain)；廣告類應(yīng)用文的目的一般是推銷產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)(t advertise);議論文的目的是要闡述論點(diǎn)(t argue/persuade);科普、文化類說明文的目的大多是介紹知識(shí)（t infrm)。這類題型經(jīng)常考查短文的標(biāo)題(title, headline)；短文或段落的主題(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的寫作目的(purpse)。
此類題的設(shè)問方式:
1.What wuld be the best title fr the text?
2.What des the secnd paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly abut?
4.The main purpse f annuncing the abve events is __________.
做寫作意圖題有兩種方法：一是主旨推斷法：根據(jù)文章或段落的主旨推斷作者的寫作意圖。二是文體推斷法：根據(jù)文體的特點(diǎn)來推斷。
【典例2】(2024屆高三浙江省強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟適應(yīng)性考試英語試題)
Nisy family? Lud cnstructin right utside yur windw? A new flexible ludspeaker culd help yu rest easily. It culd turn yur walls int nise-canceling systems.
The new ludspeaker is abut as thick as a few sheets f paper. It’s lightweight and flexible enugh t stick t mst surfaces t cntrl nise much easier, ntes Jinchi Han, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy in Cambridge.
Lts f dme-shaped (圓頂狀的) micrstructures are in the centre f the new speaker. Han’s team sandwiches their new material between tw plastic sheets t prtect the dmes. “The bttm layer lifts up the small dmes s that they can vibrate (震動(dòng)) freely, and the upper prtective layer is thicker than the dmes that are secured in the middle f the layers,” he explains. “S if yu tuch the surface, yu dn’t need t wrry abut damaging these small structures.”
Han pints ut large area f the new material culd make cntrlling nise much easier.
Each dme wrks as a tiny speaker. The dmes can generate sund waves all tgether, in grups r individually. Wallpapering yur bedrm with this material wuld create speakers all arund yu. Thse same speakers culd then dampen r cancel unwanted sund. “If yu desire, yu culd turn any space int a quiet zne where yu culd sleep r study with barely any nise,” Han says. He als sees applicatins in cars, airplanes, apartments r wherever unwanted nise is a prblem.
Large versins culd be the next step fr this super-thin speakers, says Lri Beckstead, a sund artist.
“The new speakers are s thin and light that they culd be placed in spaces where traditinal ludspeakers might have been impractical,” Beckstead adds. She ntes that adding nise-canceling technlgy t lud spaces frm restaurants t nisy industrial plants wuld be fantastic.
15. What is Beckstead’s attitude t the applicatin f the new speakers?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
【答案】A
【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘The new speakers are s thin and light that they culd be placed in spaces where traditinal ludspeakers might have been impractical,’ Beckstead adds. She ntes that adding nise- canceling technlgy t lud spaces frm restaurants t nisy industrial plants wuld be fantastic. (Beckstead補(bǔ)充說：‘這種新型揚(yáng)聲器非常輕薄，可以放置在傳統(tǒng)揚(yáng)聲器可能不切實(shí)際的地方?！赋?，在從餐館到嘈雜的工業(yè)工廠的嘈雜空間中添加降噪技術(shù)將是非常棒的)”可推知， Beckstead對(duì)這種新型揚(yáng)聲器的應(yīng)用持支持態(tài)度。故選A。
題型03 推理推斷題
【題型詮釋】
推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。這類題旨在考查學(xué)生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬于深層理解題。推斷題是屬于難度較高的一類題型，需要學(xué)生在理解原文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，通過分析語篇內(nèi)在邏輯和理解其中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的暗示，理解文章深層意義和隱含意義，然后作出一定的推理判斷，切忌憑空猜想，而要以原文內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，對(duì)文章信息細(xì)致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深層含義，同時(shí)也要注意避免過度推斷。
此類題的設(shè)問常常包括infer, imply, suggest, cnclude 等詞，這類題的設(shè)問方式主要有：
1. We can infer frm the passage that __________.
2. What / Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
3. It can be inferred / cncluded (frm Paragraph 3) that __________.
4. The authr suggests / The writer implies in this paragraph that __________.
5. On the whle / Frm the text / After reading the passage, we can cnclude that __________.
6. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
7. The authr is inclined t think that __________.
8. When the writer talks abut, what he really means is that __________.
9. What’s the writer’s attitude / feeling 
10. In the writer’s pinin,...
區(qū)間定位是快速定位的重要手段之一，使用區(qū)間定位能夠幫助學(xué)生在沒有完全讀懂原文的情況下盡可能答對(duì)較多的題。
【典例3】(湖南省長沙市長郡中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月考英語試題)
At nly 8 years ld, Kayzen Hunter has already displayed mre character than sme peple ever manage. It all started abut a year ag when the child became a regular diner at the Waffle Huse in Little Rck, Arkansas. His family ges fr breakfast there at least nce a week, and they always chse t sit in a certain waiter’s sectin.
Devnte Gardner is a father f tw wh wrks hard fr his living. He always has a smile n his face, and he quickly frmed a friendly relatinship with Kayzen and his family. “I cme with a psitive attitude,” Devnte said. “I treat everybdy with smile. I als lve t see everybdy smile.” His kindness affected Kayzen. “Devnte is just a really nice persn,” he explained. “Really gd guy. Super nice t everyne he meets.”
After a year f cntact, the child’s family learned the truth behind Devnte’s bright smile. Devnte, his wife, and their tw yung daughters have been living in a cheap mtel fr the past eight mnths. Their frmer apartment was filled with bugs and had black mld(黑霉), which made his kids sick. Every cent Devnte makes ges tward keeping his children fed, clthed, and hused, and the struggle was verwhelming. Since he can’t affrd a car, he als walks t and frm wrk every day. Even s, he shwed up at wrk every day with a smile n his face, ready t serve and make friends with custmers like Kayzen.
Kayzen knew right away that he wanted t help his friend. He went hme and tld his mm, Vittria Hunter, that he wanted t start a GFundMe t help Devnte get mney fr a new car.
“Devnte is ne f the mst jyus and psitive peple yu’ve ever met!” Vittria and Kayzen wrte n the GFundMe. “He always greets us with the biggest smile. I hpe yu will help me spread kindness in the wrld. ” Their initial gal was $5,000, but wrd quickly spread in their cmmunity. The GFundMe currently sits at ver $100,000!
4. Why are Kayzen and his family mentined in paragraph 1?
A. T explain the imprtance f a smile.B. T shw the great ppularity f the restaurant.
C. T intrduce the main character f the text.D. T present the relatinship f characters.
【答案】C
【答案】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“At nly 8 years ld, Kayzen Hunter has already displayed mre character than sme peple ever manage. It all started abut a year ag when the child became a regular diner at the Waffle Huse in Little Rck, Arkansas. His family ges fr breakfast there at least nce a week, and they always chse t sit in a certain waiter’s sectin.(年僅8歲的Kayzen Hunter已經(jīng)展現(xiàn)出了比一些人所能表現(xiàn)出的更多的性格。這一切始于大約一年前，當(dāng)時(shí)這個(gè)孩子成為阿肯色州小石城華夫餅屋的?？汀Ｋ募胰嗣恐苤辽偃ツ抢锍砸淮卧绮?，他們總是選擇坐在某個(gè)服務(wù)員區(qū)。)”和第二段前兩句“Devnte Gardner is a father f tw wh wrks hard fr his living. He always has a smile n his face, and he quickly frmed a friendly relatinship with Kayzen and his family.(Devnte Gardner是兩個(gè)孩子的父親，他努力工作謀生。他總是面帶微笑，很快就與Kayzen和他的家人建立了友好的關(guān)系。)”可知，文章首段介紹八歲的Kayzen和他的家人經(jīng)常去Devnte工作的餐廳就餐，并且和Devnte建立了非常友好的關(guān)系。再結(jié)合下文講述Kayzen幫助Devnte籌集資金的故事可推知，首段中介紹Kayzen以及他的家庭是為了引出本文真正的主人公 Devnte以及他們之間的故事。故選C。
題型04 詞義、句義猜測題
【題型詮釋】
詞義猜測閱讀理解題考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解，旨在考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推斷詞匯和短語的能力，包括超綱詞義、熟詞生義、代詞的指代關(guān)系、俗語、特殊表達(dá)等，因此學(xué)生不僅需要加強(qiáng)語境中的理解推斷能力，也需要在平時(shí)注意積累和擴(kuò)大詞匯量。
此類題的設(shè)問方式主要有：
1.The wrd “...” in be replaced by...
2.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests...
3.Frm the passage, we can infer that the wrd/phrase “...” is/referred t...
4.The wrd “...” is clsest in meaning t...
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、對(duì)比、因果、常識(shí)、上下文等線索確定詞義。
此類題目可以采用以下幾種方法：1. 利用構(gòu)詞法；2. 聯(lián)系上下文語境；3. 代入法。詞義推斷題有時(shí)候可以同時(shí)運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法、語境和代入法，短語的語義高度依賴上下文內(nèi)容和邏輯。
【典例4】(湖北省華中師大一附中2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中英語試題)
Dear Editr,
I’m nw a pstgraduate student and have studied at tp universities, but am trubled that my life chices are cnditined by a need t prve myself, pssibly resulting frm a deep-rted sense f insecurity. At schl, I based my self-wrth n academic success. I care excessively (過度地) abut what impressin I’m making and can’t bear the thught f displeasing peple. Hw can I stp caring what ther peple think?
Mr. Perfect
Dear Mr. Perfect,
Yu are living yur life by externally referencing. This means yur actins are guided by what yu imagine ther peple think f yu. Yur challenge is t becme mre internally referenced, which means yu can make chices guided by the experience f hw things feel t yu. G with what feels gd, nt with what yu think wuld lk gd t thers.
Yu dn’t need t impress anyne. Yu are gd enugh exactly as yu are. We are nt necessarily accepted by peple because we impress them and, in fact, if we try t hard t d that, we are mre likely t be rejected. Yu dn’t have t say “tp” university, yu can be prud f what yu have achieved, but withut being cmpetitive.
We d care abut what peple think abut us. We want friendly clleagues and clse friends-it matters. Peple will want t be arund yu because they feel seen by yu and yu can get n each ther’s wavelengths, nt because yu are impressive. S let g f impressing and think mre abut relating. Wrthiness is nt abut being a tp academic, it is abut being a caring, curius human being.
Philippa
3. What des the underlined wrd “relating” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Shwing empathy.B. Turning fr help.
C. Establishing new relatinships.D. Pleasing peple.
【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Wrthiness is nt abut being a tp academic, it is abut being a caring, curius human being.(價(jià)值不在于成為頂尖的學(xué)者，而在于成為一個(gè)關(guān)心他人、充滿好奇心的人)”可知，菲利帕認(rèn)為我們要關(guān)心他人，即對(duì)他人表現(xiàn)出同情心。故劃線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)同情心”。故選A。
高考練場
題型01 細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題
(2023年新高考全國I卷B篇）
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細(xì)菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
25. Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals.B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants.D. T test the ec-machine.
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里是為了測試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。
題型02 主題理解或?qū)懽饕鈭D推斷題
(2023年全國高考新課標(biāo)II卷英語C篇）
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描繪) alne in many settings and pses — absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
31. What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者提到電子閱讀器，想要表達(dá)的是雖然印刷書看起來很古老，但是它們并沒有被完全取代。它們?nèi)匀皇且环N交互式的媒介，需要讀者去打開、翻閱、查閱內(nèi)容，也許還會(huì)寫下筆記或者畫線。由此我們可以推斷出，印刷書并沒有完全過時(shí)。故選A。
題型03 推理推斷題
(2023年全國英語乙卷C篇)
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (癡迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
31. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”(隨著電視上出現(xiàn)越來越多男性廚師，男孩子喜歡烹飪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。)可知，接下來，文章應(yīng)該具體介紹電視上的男性廚師，從而與上文形成語義連貫。故選B項(xiàng)。
題型04 詞義、句義猜測題
(2023年全國英語甲卷B篇)
Terri Bltnis a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
She credits these skills t her late grandfather and builder Derek Llyd. Frm the age f six, Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day’s wrk was rewarded with ￡ 5 in pcket mney. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much f a help t start with painting the rms and putting dwn the flring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks and is was backbreaking wrk, but I knw he was prud f my skills.”
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy (租期) cmes t an end. She adds: “I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures. S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver that cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne. The average spend per prject will be arund ￡ 823. Tw thirds f peple aim t imprve their cmfrt while at hme. Tw fifth wish t increase the value f their huse. Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.
24. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pineer.
【答案】C
【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段畫線短語下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself. (她擅長擺架子和拼接家具，從不付錢給別人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此處指Terri Bltnis是一位DIY高手。C項(xiàng)“A specialist (一位專業(yè)人員)”最接近畫線短語“a dab hand”的意思。故選C。
名校模擬
A
(2023上·福建廈門·高三廈門一中?？计谥?
FIVE UNUSUAL SPORTS
What sprts are yu int? Ftball? Tennis? Swimming? If yu’re lking fr a change, yu might like t try ne f these.
Octpush
Octpush (r underwater hckey as it’s als knwn) is a frm f hckey that’s played in a swimming pl. Participants wear a mask and snrkel and try t mve a puck (水球) acrss the bttm f a pl. The sprt has becme ppular in cuntries such as the UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Suth Africa. An ability t hld yur breath fr lng perids f time is a definite plus.
Zbmbing
Zbmbing invlves riding a children’s bike dwn a steep hill. The sprt riginated in the US city f Prtland in Oregn in 2002. Participants carry their bikes n the MAX Light Rail and g t the Washingtn Park statin next t Oregn Z (which is why it’s called “zbmbing”). Frm there, they take a lift t the surface, and then ride the mini-bikes dwn the hills in the area.
Office Chair Racing
Office Chair Racing cnsists f racing dwn a hill in ffice chairs that can reach speeds f up t 30kph. Strict rules are in place fr cmpetitrs: they’re allwed t fit in-line skate wheels and handles t their chairs, but n mtrs. “We check each chair carefully in advance,” ne f the rganizers explained. The participants race in pairs wearing prtective padding as they launch themselves frm a ramp (坡道). Prizes are given t the fastest cmpetitrs and als fr the best-designed chairs.
Fit 4 Drums
Fit 4 Drums is a new frm f cardi-rhythmic exercise. Led by an instructr, the class invlves beating a specially-designed drum with tw sticks while dancing at the same time. It’s the first grup fitness activity where yu get t play a drum while getting an intense wrkut. A sense f rhythm is a definite advantage!
Hrse Barding
Hrse Barding invlves being twed behind a hrse at 35mph n an ff-rad skatebard. Prfessinal stuntman Daniel Fwler Prime invented the sprt after he strung a rpe between his ff-rad “muntain bard” and a hrse. Participants stand n a bard while hlding nt a rpe, attempting t maintain their balance as the hrse gallps (疾馳) ahead. “The hrse rider and the hrse have t wrk tgether because if they dn’t, the hrse ges flying,”Daniel explained.
S, which sprt wuld yu like t try?
1. What d yu need t d if yu want t play Octpush?
A. Swim n the surface f the water.B. Hld yur breath befre the sprt.
C. Play it by the side f the seashre.D. Wear underwater breathing devices.
2. Which activity will yu chse if yu want t take part in cllective fitness?
A. Zbmbing.B. Office Chair Racing.C. Fit 4 Drums.D. Hrse Barding.
3. What prverb des Hrse Barding tell us?
A. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.B. Never let yur feet run faster than yur shes.
C. The bigger they cme, the harder they fall.D. Every chess master was nce a beginner.
B
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建師大附中?？计谥? The turn f the year is the time fr reviewing ne’s life, and fr making sme reslutins abut what t cncentrate n in the cming year; and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin.
One thing I decide n this year is t give up writing the Grumpy (暴躁的) Old Bkman clumn in this magazine. It’s nt that I’ve lst interest in the bk wrld. But Lenard Wlf, husband f American writer Virginia Wl (1882—1941), used t say a man shuld change his career every seven years. Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far, I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business.
It is ver 15 years since ur editr wrte t me and asked if I wuld be interested in writing a regular piece abut what was, even then, a rapidly changing publishing scene. He apprached me because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blg called, Grumpy Old Bkman.
As my mnthly survey f develpments in bth traditinal and digital publishing cntinued, in this magazine, I began t realize that writers in this century, f bth fictin and nn-fictin, are living in smething clse t a paradise (天堂). Once, yu struggled fr years t find a publisher— r an agent if yu wanted ne—but nw yu can publish yur wn stuff, either digitally r in paperback, withut it csting yu a penny piece.
After abut five years f prducing such clumns, it ccurred t me that, rather than let these essays fade away n the seas f time, it might be valuable t publish my thughts and cmments in bk frm t ptential readers. Hence, in 2014, I published the first 69 GOB clumns in paperback frmat, using Amazn’s Create Space facilities. Title: Writers Rejice! A mnthly diary f the dawn f the digital age, which was my first trial. And nw I sincerely wish a new 2024.
4. Why des the authr want t give up writing the clumn?
A. He is fed up with the career linked t bks.B. He is very keen n trying smething new.
C. He fllws Lenard Wlf’s suggestin.D. He’s used t changing his jb every seven years.
5. Accrding t the authr, what can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A. Nw it is amazing t find a publisher easily.B. Publishing industry is a prfitable business.
C. It is rather hard t publish bks nwadays.D. It is a blessing t live in the present times.
6. What d yu think f the authr?
A. Emtinal and gd at cntrlling himself.B. Dedicated but easy t dubt himself.
C. Purpseful and gd at self-adjustment.D. Ambitius but unwilling t change himself.
7. What des the authr mainly want t tell us?
A. Giving up timely is anther virtue.B. Changing the jb means a new pprtunity.
C. The beginning f a year is a new start.D. Reflectin can drive us t push frward.
C
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建省福州第一中學(xué)校考開學(xué)考試) “Can we eat this ne, Dad?” my fur-year-ld daughter, Alicia, asks. We’re n ne f ur Thursday adventures, searching the nearby wds fr eatable mushrms. She’s pinting at a bright-red cap cvered with white dts. I pull ut my handy mushrm-identificatin app, which ntes that Amanita muscaria, while eatable if prepared prperly, is als a knwn hallucingen (致幻劑). I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as pssible” philsphy and explain what the app says, and that I dn’t think ur Thursday adventures are ready t get quite that adventurus yet.
Watching yur kids learn new skills is extrardinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced mre persnal grwth than I have at any ther pint in my life.
Last year, after a winter f practicing skiing n the green tracks fr beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way dwn blues and even attempted her first black. That mnth als witnessed me visiting the muntain mre times than in the 15 years cmbined and I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.
It’s nt all easy—but smetimes that’s the pint. Alicia practices the vilin every day, and althugh she enjys it, even 15 minutes f practice can upset her. The trick, I’ve fund, is t let her watch me try t get better at smething, t. I start taking pian lessns at 41 years ld with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then imprve, she’ll understand that things dn’t cme easy, even fr grwn-ups. I knw there’s ging t be a time when I’ll end up n the sideline cheering her n as she finds her wn passins. I’m kay with this, and I’m hping that by then she’ll carry the jy f practice and knwledge thrugh life.
8. What des the father imply by saying “I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.”?
A. It is rewarding t learn new skills.B. Skiing has becme his lifelng hbby.
C. He will explre mre with his daughter.D. His daughter will accmpany him frever.
9. Why des the father start learning t play the pian?
A. T prve it is never t ld t learn.B. T set a gd example fr his daughter.
C. T experience the jy f pian practice.D. T share with his daughter musical knwledge.
10. Which f the fllwing can best describe the father?
A. Rigid and humrus.B. Cautius and inspiring.
C. Creative and thughtful.D. Ambitius and patient.
11. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Thrill f the SkillB. Practice Makes Perfect
C. Like Father, Like DaughterD. The Pwer f Knwledge
D
(2023上·福建泉州·高三福建省永春第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中) Pretending sickness may get harder. Slipping a day ff wrk by nervusly cughing dwn the phne t yur bss might nt wrk. Very sn yur cmpany might be able t tell whether yur symptms are real, just frm yur vice.
An Indian research team tried t tell a “cld vice” frm a healthy vice. Their research makes use f the fact that human speech, like any musical instrument, des nt prduce single frequencies f sunds. Even the best trained singers cannt hit pure ntes like thse frm tuning frks. The dminant ntes in the human vice are instead accmpanied by a series f higher pitch (音高) tnes.
Tgether these sets f ntes fit int mathematical patterns called harmnics (和聲), with tnes having frequencies that are multiples f the riginal nte. Fr example, the pitch f the secnd harmnic nte is twice the frequency f the main nte and s n. The ludness f these harmnics in speech tends t fade as they prceed up the frequency scale. The team reasned that infectin with a cld might change hw this decline happened.
T find ut, the scientists made use f an unusual resurce: recrdings f the vices f 630 peple in Germany, 111 f whm were suffering frm a cld. Each was asked t cunt frm ne t 40 and describe what they did at the weekend. They als read alud a fable The Nrth Wind and the Sun, which has been a ppular text fr speech research since 1949. By breaking dwn each persn’s speech int its spectrum (聲譜) f cmpnent wavelengths, the researchers culd identify the dminant frequency and the harmnics in each case. They then used machine-learning t analyse the relatinships between the ludness f these harmnics and fund patterns that culd distinguish the cld vices frm the healthy vices.
The team’s diagnsis f cld vice shws a 70% accuracy. Faced with anther dull Mnday at the ffice, wuld yu take the risk?
12. On what basis is the research perfrmed?
A. Human speeches vary in frequencies.B. Training has n effect n human ntes.
C. Humans speak like musical instruments.D. Higher pitch ntes dminate human vices.
13. What may reduce the vlume f human harmnics?
A. The pitch f harmnics.B. A pretended cld vice.
C. The sets f human ntes.D. Higher sund frequencies.
14. Why are the participants required t read the fable?
A. It is easy t understand.B. It is valuable in literature.
C. It is ppular with speakers.D. It is suitable fr the research.
15. What des the authr want t tell us?
A. Human speech reflects healthB. Pretending sickness is a trend.
C. Vice changes with cnditins.D. Changing vice is f great risk.
參考答案與解析
A篇
1. D 2. C 3. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了五種不同尋常的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Octpush中“Participants wear a mask and snrkel and try t mve a puck (水球) acrss the bttm f a pl. (參與者戴著面具，戴著通氣管，試著在泳池底部移動(dòng)一個(gè)冰球。)”可知，如果你想玩Octpush，你需要佩戴水下呼吸裝置。故選D項(xiàng)。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Fit 4 Drums中“Fit 4 Drums is a new frm f cardi-rhythmic exercise. Led by an instructr, the class invlves beating a specially-designed drum with tw sticks while dancing at the same time. It’s the first grup fitness activity where yu get t play a drum while getting an intense wrkut. A sense f rhythm is a definite advantage! (Fit 4 Drums是一種有節(jié)奏的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。在教練的帶領(lǐng)下，該課程包括用兩根棍子敲擊一個(gè)專門設(shè)計(jì)的鼓，同時(shí)跳舞。這是第一項(xiàng)集體健身活動(dòng)，你可以在進(jìn)行高強(qiáng)度鍛煉的同時(shí)打鼓。有節(jié)奏感是絕對(duì)的優(yōu)勢！)”可知，如果你想?yún)⒓蛹w健身，應(yīng)該選擇Fit 4 Drums。故選C項(xiàng)。
3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)Hrse Barding中“The hrse rider and the hrse have t wrk tgether because if they dn’t, the hrse ges flying.(騎手和馬必須合作，因?yàn)槿绻麄儾缓献鳎R就會(huì)飛起來。)”可知，Hrse Barding告訴我們“不要讓你的腳跳得比你的鞋子快”，說明運(yùn)動(dòng)中必須合作一致。故選B項(xiàng)。
B篇
4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者多年來一直利用假期來重新審視自己的抱負(fù)，今年作者準(zhǔn)備放棄自己的專欄，開始把自己想法和評(píng)論以書的形式出版出來，讓潛在讀者受益，于是作者進(jìn)行了第一次嘗試。
4. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“But Lenard Wlf, husband f American writer Virginia Wl (1882—1941), used t say a man shuld change his career every seven years. Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far, I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business. (但是作家弗吉尼亞·伍爾的丈夫倫納德·伍爾夫，曾經(jīng)說過一個(gè)男人應(yīng)該每七年換一次職業(yè)。雖然我個(gè)人會(huì)說，如此頻繁地改變整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯有點(diǎn)過分，但我確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果你能偶爾在同一業(yè)務(wù)范圍嘗試一份新工作，這是一種很好的提神劑。)”可知，作者放棄寫專欄是因?yàn)樗杉{了倫納德·伍爾夫的建議。故選C項(xiàng)。
5. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“I began t realize that writers in this century, f bth fictin and nn-fictin, are living in smething clse t a paradise(天堂) (我開始意識(shí)到，這個(gè)世紀(jì)的小說和非小說作家都生活在一個(gè)接近天堂的地方)”和“but nw yu can publish yur wn stuff, either digitally r in paperback, withut it csting yu a penny piece (但現(xiàn)在你可以出版自己的作品了，無論是電子版的作品還是平裝本的作品，每本都不用花一分錢)”可知，作者認(rèn)為如今的作家生活在一個(gè)天堂般的地方，作家們出版自己的作品可以不用花一分錢，由此可推測出，作者認(rèn)為生活在當(dāng)今這個(gè)時(shí)代是一種福氣。故選D項(xiàng)。
6. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin (多年來，我一直利用假期重新審視自己的抱負(fù))”、第二段中的“One thing I decide n this year is t give up writing the Grumpy (暴躁的) Old Bkman clumn in this magazine. (今年我決定放棄在這本雜志上寫‘脾氣暴躁的老書呆子’專欄。)”和“Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far, I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business. (雖然我個(gè)人會(huì)說，如此頻繁地改變整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯有點(diǎn)過分，但我確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果你能偶爾在同一業(yè)務(wù)范圍嘗試一份新工作，這是一種很好的提神劑。)”可知，作者一直在審視自己的抱負(fù)，并放棄了一直寫的專欄，并且作者認(rèn)為偶爾嘗試一份新工作是一種很好的提神劑，由此可推測出，作者非常善于自我調(diào)整。根據(jù)最后一段中的“After abut five years f prducing such clumns, it ccurred t me that, rather than let these essays fade away n the seas f time, it might be valuable t publish my thughts and cmments in bk frm t ptential readers. Hence, in 2014, I published the first 69 GOB clumns in paperback frmat, using Amazn’s Create Space facilities. (在寫了大約五年這樣的專欄之后，我突然想到，與其讓這些文章在時(shí)間的海洋中消失，不如把我的想法和評(píng)論以書的形式出版給潛在的讀者看。因此，在2014年，我使用亞馬遜的Create Space，以平裝本的形式出版了前69篇GOB專欄。)”可知，作者決定把自己的想法和評(píng)論出版出來，并且最終付諸了行動(dòng)，由此可推測出，作者是一個(gè)目的明確的人。故選C項(xiàng)。
7. 文章大意題。通讀全文可知，第一段“The turn f the year is the time fr reviewing ne’s life, and fr making sme reslutins abut what t cncentrate n in the cming year; and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin. (一年之交是回顧自己生活的時(shí)候，也是決定來年要專注于什么的時(shí)候；我一直利用假期重新審視自己的抱負(fù)。)”引出本文要談?wù)摰脑掝}，即作者總是會(huì)自我反思，接下來具體講述了作者準(zhǔn)備放棄自己的專欄并開始把自己想法和評(píng)論以書的形式出版出來這件事的經(jīng)過。由此可推測出，作者主要想告訴我們反思可以推動(dòng)我們前進(jìn)。故選D項(xiàng)。
C篇
8. C 9. B 10. B 11. A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章通過作者女兒不斷的嘗試各種技能的同時(shí)，父親也做出了表率，希望女兒能夠明白事情來之不易，即使對(duì)成年人來說也是如此。父親希望技能可以給孩子帶來樂趣。
8. 句意猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Watching yur kids learn new skills is extrardinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced mre persnal grwth than I have at any ther pint in my life.”（看著你的孩子學(xué)習(xí)新技能是非常值得的，但我經(jīng)歷的個(gè)人成長比我生命中其他任何時(shí)候都要多。）以及劃線句前“Last year, after a winter f practicing skiing n the green tracks fr beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way dwn blues and even attempted her first black. That mnth als witnessed me visiting the muntain mre times than in the 15 years cmbined ”（去年，艾麗西亞在為初學(xué)者準(zhǔn)備的綠色雪道上練習(xí)了一個(gè)冬天的滑雪之后，她在藍(lán)色中級(jí)雪道一路摸索，甚至嘗試了她的第一個(gè)黑色鉆石雪道。那個(gè)月我去山上的次數(shù)比過去15年的總和還多）可知，孩子在探索的同時(shí)，我也在探索。所以劃線句的意思是他將和女兒一起探索更多。故選C。
9. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“I start taking pian lessns at 41 years ld with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then imprve, she’ll understand that things dn’t cme easy, even fr grwn-ups. ”（我從41歲開始上鋼琴課，心想如果她看到我在練習(xí)和進(jìn)步的過程中苦苦掙扎，她就會(huì)明白事情來之不易，即使對(duì)成年人來說也是如此。）可知，父親開始學(xué)彈鋼琴為了給女兒樹立一個(gè)好榜樣。故選B。
10. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“‘Can we eat this ne, Dad?’ my fur-year-ld daughter, Alicia, asks. We’re n ne f ur Thursday adventures, searching the nearby wds fr eatable mushrms. She’s pinting at a bright-red cap cvered with white dts. I pull ut my handy mushrm-identificatin app, which ntes that Amanita muscaria, while eatable if prepared prperly, is als a knwn hallucingen (致幻劑). I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as pssible” philsphy and explain what the app says, and that I dn’t think ur Thursday adventures are ready t get quite that adventurus yet.”（“我們可以吃這個(gè)嗎，爸爸?”我四歲的女兒艾麗西婭(Alicia)問道。我們正在進(jìn)行周四的一次冒險(xiǎn)，在附近的樹林里尋找可食用的蘑菇。她指著一頂布滿白點(diǎn)的鮮紅色帽子。我拿出手邊的蘑菇識(shí)別軟件，上面顯示，如果準(zhǔn)備得當(dāng)，毒蠅傘雖然可以食用，但也是一種已知的致幻劑。我有一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的“告訴他們真相，并盡可能精確”的理念，并解釋了應(yīng)用程序的內(nèi)容，我認(rèn)為我們的周四冒險(xiǎn)還沒有準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)行那樣的冒險(xiǎn)。）可知，作者在女兒問他一種毒蠅傘蘑菇是否可食用，作者查找識(shí)別軟件，并認(rèn)為不能嘗試食用這種蘑菇，說明作者是一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎的人。最后一段“I start taking pian lessns at 41 years ld with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then imprve, she’ll understand that things dn’t cme easy, even fr grwn-ups. ”（我從41歲開始上鋼琴課，心想如果她看到我在練習(xí)和進(jìn)步的過程中苦苦掙扎，她就會(huì)明白事情來之不易，即使對(duì)成年人來說也是如此。）可知，父親開始學(xué)彈鋼琴為了給女兒樹立一個(gè)好榜樣，說明他是一個(gè)鼓舞人心的人。故選B。
11. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“ I knw there’s ging t be a time when I’ll end up n the sideline cheering her n as she finds her wn passins. I’m kay with this, and I’m hping that by then she’ll carry the jy f practice and knwledge thrugh life.”（我知道總有一天我會(huì)在場邊為她加油，因?yàn)樗业搅俗约旱募で樗凇Ｎ覍?duì)此沒有意見，我希望到那時(shí)她會(huì)把實(shí)踐和知識(shí)的樂趣貫穿一生。）可知，本文通過作者女兒不斷的嘗試各種技能的同時(shí)，父親也做出了表率，希望女兒能夠明白事情來之不易，即使對(duì)成年人來說也是如此。父親希望技能可以給孩子帶來樂趣。所以“技能帶來的快感”符合最佳標(biāo)題，故選A。
D篇
12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述印度的一個(gè)研究小組試圖區(qū)分感冒的聲音和健康的聲音。
12. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Their research makes use f the fact that human speech, like any musical instrument, des nt prduce single frequencies f sunds.(他們的研究利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即人類的語言和任何樂器一樣，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生單一頻率的聲音)”可知，該研究理論基礎(chǔ)是人的語言頻率是不同的。故選A項(xiàng)。
13. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“The ludness f these harmnics in speech tends t fade as they prceed up the frequency scale. (這些和聲在語音中的響度往往會(huì)隨著它們在頻率范圍內(nèi)的上升而減弱)”可知，較高的聲音頻率會(huì)減少人類和聲的響度。故選D項(xiàng)。
14. 推理判斷題。由文章第四段“By breaking dwn each persn’s speech int its spectrum (聲譜) f cmpnent wavelengths, the researchers culd identify the dminant frequency and the harmnics in each case. They then used machine-learning t analyse the relatinships between the ludness f these harmnics and fund patterns that culd distinguish the cld vices frm the healthy vices.(通過將每個(gè)人的語音分解為其分量波長譜，研究人員可以識(shí)別出每種情況下的主頻和和聲。然后，他們使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)來分析這些和聲的響度之間的關(guān)系，并找到了可以區(qū)分感冒聲音和健康聲音的模式)”可知，測試者被要求讀寓言是因?yàn)榭捎盟麄兊穆曇魜矸治觥Ｓ纱送浦?，這樣做是為了配合該研究。故選D項(xiàng)。
15. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“The ludness f these harmnics in speech tends t fade as they prceed up the frequency scale. The team reasned that infectin with a cld might change hw this decline happened.(這些和聲在語音中的響度往往會(huì)隨著它們在頻率范圍內(nèi)的上升而減弱。研究小組推斷，感染感冒可能會(huì)改變這種下降的發(fā)生方式)”以及聯(lián)系上下文可推知，作者想告訴我們聲音隨著環(huán)境的變化而變化。故選C項(xiàng)。
項(xiàng)目
年份 卷別
語篇類型
題型
應(yīng)用文
記敘文
說明文
議論文
細(xì)節(jié)理解
推理判斷
主旨要義
詞義猜測
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全國甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全國乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全國甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全國乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全國甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全國乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全國I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全國Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2
序號(hào)
來 源
語 篇 概 述
主題語境
詞數(shù)
1
2023年新高考I卷B篇
愛思考且好學(xué)的Jhn建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用自然自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水
人與自我
329
2
2023年全國甲卷B篇
DIY高手Terri Bltnis的技能以及此項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)在女性群體中變成一種潮流趨勢
人與社會(huì)
276
3
2022年全國甲卷C篇
Ginni從小就熱愛旅游，后來機(jī)緣巧合去了南極洲旅行,并留下了深刻的印象
人與自然
301
4
2021年全國甲卷C篇
作者在不停的搬家過程中，從不適應(yīng)到融入了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳畹囊粋€(gè)過程
人與社會(huì)
321
5
2020年新高考II卷B篇
作者想出了一個(gè)“奶奶的盒子”的辦法，收集學(xué)生們帶到學(xué)校的玩具，后來將其變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)
人與社會(huì)
288
6
2020年全國甲卷D篇
以時(shí)間順序講述作者不同暑期對(duì)圖書館的熱愛
人與自我
334

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【熱點(diǎn)題型歸納+演變】2024年高考英語專題訓(xùn)練 專題06 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題-試卷
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