【熱點(diǎn)題型歸納+演變】2024年高考英語(yǔ)專題訓(xùn)練專題07 閱讀理解之推理判斷題-試卷-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

從以上表格可以看出，高考英語(yǔ)對(duì)于推理判斷題的考查，基本上占到了閱讀理解總題量的五分之一，有時(shí)達(dá)到了三分之一或二分之一。
高考閱讀理解推理判斷題屬于主觀題，要求考生在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論。這類題是層次較高的題型，包括判斷和推理題。它要求學(xué)生通過(guò)文章中的文字信息、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息去推斷出作者沒(méi)有直接表達(dá)出來(lái)的深層意思。
這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，不僅要求考生能夠讀懂文章中的每個(gè)句子信息，還要求考生能夠推理他們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再通過(guò)邏輯推理和判斷，準(zhǔn)確理解出文章的言外之意，揭示文章的深層含義。既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對(duì)原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(xiě)(paraphrase)或綜合。
【常見(jiàn)考法】推理題經(jīng)常使用的提問(wèn)方式有：
It can be inferred/ cncluded that _________.
Which f the fllwing cnclusins can we draw accrding t the passage?
In which f the fllwing publicatin wuld this passage mst likely be printed?
The passage implies, but desn’t directly state that _________.
The writer suggests that _________.
What’s the authr’s attitude tward _________?
The writer prbably feels that _________.
The authr uses the examples f... t shw that _________.
推理判斷隱含意義題解題思路：
推理判斷是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)，但它并非無(wú)章可循。推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。答案不可能在文章中直接找到，而且推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分，作者的言外之意。
①要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ);
②要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表入里、由淺入深、從具體到抽象、從非凡到一般，通過(guò)分析、綜合、判定等，進(jìn)行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。不能就是論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。
③要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知。立足現(xiàn)在，猜測(cè)未來(lái)。不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);
④要把握句，段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摸作者的態(tài)度，摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
除此之外，還要注意幾個(gè)誤區(qū)：
①原文信息的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。
②文中無(wú)關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論。
③與文章內(nèi)容不符的推論或相反的推論。
④不合常理或不合邏輯的推論。
⑤雖然符合考生的常識(shí)，但文中并沒(méi)有支撐的依據(jù)。
題型歸納
題型01 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題
【題型詮釋】
要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判定?？忌挥姓_把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，才可能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。一般題干主要包括六個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，cnclude(作出結(jié)論)和assume(假定，設(shè)想)。
命題形式：
1. It can be inferred/cncluded frm the text that .
2. What can we infer/learn
3. We can learn frm the passage that .
4. The that .
關(guān)鍵詞句細(xì)推敲:
第一步：定位細(xì)節(jié)——根據(jù)題干提供的信息，抓住某一段話的關(guān)鍵信息(關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ))。
第二步：揣摩細(xì)節(jié)——對(duì)原文中的信息進(jìn)行分析，推理判斷，利用逆向思維和正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。
注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容作為推理的結(jié)論。2.切勿脫離原文而憑個(gè)人看法主觀臆斷。
【典例1】(2023上·湖北·高三華中師大一附中?？计谥校?br>With the availability f easy-t-use at-hme kits, DNA testing fr dgs has becme increasingly ppular amng dg wners in recent years. It can prvide invaluable insights int a dg’s breed, health risks, and even behavirs.
DNA testing typically wrks by analyzing the genetic material fund in a sample f cells taken frm the inside f yur dg’s cheek. This sample is then cmpared t a database f knwn breeds and genetic markers assciated with certain traits r health cnditins.
The first step in btaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type yu want. Mst cmpanies ffer several different types f tests that vary in cst and cmplexity. Fr instance, sme tests just analyze yur dg’s breed cmpsitin, while thers can assess additinal genetic markers assciated with certain diseases r behavirs.
Then it’s time t cllect yur dg’s sample using the prvided swab (拭子) kit r saliva-cllectin tube included with mst kits. The swab shuld be gently rubbed inside yur pet’s cheek accrding t the kit’s directins befre being placed int the cllectin cntainer prvided by the cmpany. After cllecting the sample, it shuld be mailed back t the labratry fr prcessing accrding t instructins given by the cmpany prviding the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks fr results t be prcessed and sent back via email r mail. Results will vary depending n which type f test was purchased, but they generally include detailed infrmatin abut yur pet’s breed cmpsitin as well as any ptential health risks r behaviral traits assciated with their genetics that culd affect their verall well-being and quality f life.
If yu’re lking fr an easy way t learn mre abut yur pup’s backgrund withut spending t much mney, then DNA testing might just be right up yur alley.
8. What is the primary purpse f DNA testing fr dgs?
A. T identify a dg’s persnality traits.B. T reveal a dg’s future behaviral changes.
C. T determine a dg’s scializatin preferences.D. T btain a dg’s breed and genetic infrmatin.
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“With the availability f easy-t-use at-hme kits, DNA testing fr dgs has becme increasingly ppular amng dg wners in recent years. It can prvide invaluable insights int a dg’s breed, health risks, and even behavirs. (近年來(lái)，隨著易于使用的家庭試劑盒的出現(xiàn)，狗的DNA檢測(cè)在狗主人中越來(lái)越受歡迎。它可以為了解狗的品種、健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)甚至行為提供寶貴的見(jiàn)解。)”可知，對(duì)狗進(jìn)行DNA檢測(cè)的主要目的是獲取狗的品種和基因信息。故選D。
題型02 因果推斷題
【題型詮釋】
要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因?？忌_把握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。它的首要呈現(xiàn)方法如下:
1.階段(含首段)榜首句假如表達(dá)一種因果聯(lián)系，一般為考點(diǎn)。
2.文章中細(xì)節(jié)性的因果聯(lián)系---一般由一些表明因果聯(lián)系的詞匯手法表達(dá)。
(1)表明因果聯(lián)系的名詞：basis (依據(jù)), result, cnsequence, reasn;
(2)表明因果聯(lián)系的動(dòng)詞：result in (結(jié)果), result frm (因?yàn)?，由…?, fllw frm (……結(jié)果), base…n… (以……為根底), be due t (因?yàn)?;
(3)表明因果聯(lián)系的連詞或介詞：because, since, fr, as, therefre, s, thus, why, with;
(4)表明因果聯(lián)系的副詞：as a result, cnsequently等。
為了考查考生的閱讀能力和邏輯分析能力，經(jīng)常會(huì)把含有因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行顛倒，將“因變成了果、果變成了因”，考生需要注意辨別實(shí)際的因果關(guān)系，防止混淆。
【典例2】(2023上·福建廈門(mén)·高三廈門(mén)一中?？计谥?
The curb cut (路緣坡). It’s a cnvenience that mst f us rarely, if ever, ntice. Yet, withut it, daily life might be a lt harder—in mre ways than ne. Pushing a baby strller nt the curb, skatebarding nt a sidewalk r taking a full grcery cart frm the sidewalk t yur car—all these tasks are easier because f the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpse in mind.
It’s hard t imagine tday, but back in the 1970s, mst sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drp-ff. That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance. Accrding t ne disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Munt Everest”. S, activists frm Berkeley, Califrnia, wh als needed wheelchairs, rganized a campaign t create tiny ramps at intersectins t help peple dependent n wheels mve up and dwn curbs independently.
I think abut the “curb cut effect” a lt when wrking n issues arund health equity (公平). The first time I even heard abut the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanfrd Scial Innvatin Review piece by Plicy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as “a zer-sum game (零和游戲)” and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a “prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.” What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that “when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.”
There are multiple examples f this principle at wrk. Fr example, investing in plicies that create mre living-wage jbs r increase the availability f affrdable husing certainly benefits peple in cmmunities that have limited ptins. But, the actin als empwers thse peple with pprtunities fr better health and the means t becme cntributing members f sciety—and that benefits everyne. Even the ftball huddle (密商) was initially created t help deaf ftball players at Gallaudet Cllege keep their game plans secret frm ppnents wh culd have read their sign language. Tday, it’s used by every team t prevent the ppnent frm learning abut game-winning strategies.
S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.
26. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
A. Caring fr disadvantaged grups may finally benefit all.
B. Actin empwers thse with pprtunities fr better slutins.
C. Sciety shuld create circumstances that get everyne invlved.
D. Everyday items are riginally invented fr peple in need f help.
【答案】A
【解析】因果推斷題。通讀全文可知，最后一段“S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.(所以，下次你過(guò)馬路，或者把行李箱推過(guò)人行橫道，或者直接騎自行車上人行道時(shí)，想想路緣坡，這種設(shè)計(jì)上的改變打破了對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體的排斥，不僅幫助了這一群體，也幫助了我們所有人。)”進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，路緣坡這種設(shè)計(jì)不僅幫助了弱勢(shì)群體，也幫助了所有人，這就是“路緣坡效應(yīng)”，當(dāng)我們關(guān)心弱勢(shì)群體時(shí)，也可能最后讓所有人受益。故選A。
題型03 人物性格，態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)判斷題
【題型詮釋】
高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些是考查考生對(duì)作者的主導(dǎo)思想，被描寫(xiě)人物語(yǔ)氣，言談話語(yǔ)中流露的情緒，性格傾向和作者或文中人物態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解題。
做這一類題時(shí)一定要留意：
1)由表及里的正確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。
2)特殊留意那些描寫(xiě)環(huán)境氣氛的語(yǔ)言，以及表達(dá)感情、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措詞，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。
3)能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。
【典例3】(2023上·福建福州·高三福建師大附中?？计谥?
Ging green is gd fr business. Cnsumers are ften willing t pay mre fr ec-friendly prducts than ther cmparable prducts n the market, accrding t market research. But nt all envirnmental claims are created equally. “Greenwashing” is a frm f misinfrmatin ften used t fascinate an enthusiastic green cnsumer. Cmpanies prmising t be sustainable, r bidegradable smetimes fail t meet the prmises they make t cnsumers.
Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智庫(kù)) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way fr the industry t attract cnsumers. “I think we’re at the tp f green washing in the industry,” she says.”
Retailers (零售商) will mislead cnsumers by distracting them frm a cmpany’s larger issues. Fr example, a large retailer might rll ut a new line f prducts, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefre theretically has less f an envirnmental impact than the ther clthes the cmpany sells. “Yu think ‘Oh that sunds great,’” Bédat says. But that same cmpany might ignre water usage in the rest f their prducts lines, while ding nthing t address the ther ways that their prductin might be harming the envirnment.
When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled “carbn neutral (碳中和)” still prduces mre carbn than wearing a sweater already in yur clset. She ntes, “The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.”
As mre cmpanies lk t cash in n sustainable marketing, gvernments are beginning t take mre actin t safeguard cnsumers. In New Yrk, The Fashin Act wuld require fashin cmpanies perating in the state t bey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brught frth by members f the Eurpean Unin wuld mre strictly regulate envirnmental claims and sustainability labels slapped n prducts sld in Eurpe.
29. What is Bérdat’s attitude twards greenwashing?
A. Dubtful.B. Indifferent.C. Disapprving.D. Tlerant.
【答案】C
【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank(智庫(kù)) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards.(專注于提高時(shí)尚行業(yè)環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的智庫(kù)——新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究所所長(zhǎng)Maxine Bédat表示，漂綠在時(shí)尚行業(yè)尤其常見(jiàn)。)”和倒數(shù)第二段中的“When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits.(談到時(shí)尚，Bérdat說(shuō)要重新思考購(gòu)物習(xí)慣。)”以及該段中她說(shuō)的話“The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.(作為消費(fèi)者，你能做的最可持續(xù)的事情就是多穿你擁有的東西。)”可知，Maxine Bédat在專注于提高時(shí)尚行業(yè)環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的智庫(kù)工作，她認(rèn)為漂綠在時(shí)尚行業(yè)很常見(jiàn)，并建議重新思考購(gòu)物習(xí)慣，多穿已有的衣服，由此可推測(cè)出，她對(duì)漂綠這種現(xiàn)象不支持，故選C。
題型04 猜測(cè)想象推理題
【題型詮釋】
有些內(nèi)容文章中沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明，要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行猜測(cè)推理和想象，一般難度較大。做這類題目應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路和文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)等，從而作出比較科學(xué)的預(yù)測(cè)。
這類題目常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式有：
What d yu think will happen when/if ________?
At the end f this passage, the writer might cntinue t write ________.
The paragraph fllwing the passage will mst prbably be abut ________.
Which f the fllwing statements is mst likely t be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph?
做這類題時(shí)，應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可能按因果關(guān)系，對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)敘述)，從而作出比較科學(xué)的，合情合理的猜測(cè)。和原文中表達(dá)一致的答案，一定不能選。
【典例4】(2023上·廣東東莞·高三東莞市東莞中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中)
Mia, 12, is nw n a year-lng trip with her parents and three yunger brthers. Far frm their hme in Quebec, Canada, the family rde hrses in Mnglia, kayaked in Cambdia, camped in Namibia and flew in a ht air balln in Turkey, lking t cllect as many nce-in-a-lifetime memries as they culd.
The memries really matter because unless science makes a breakthrugh sn, three f the children will becme blind, likely in adulthd. They have been diagnsed with a disease that has n effective treatment and n specific timeline as it gradually rbs them f their sight.
The diagnses came in 2015. Despite the grief, the parents were surprised t find Mia, then 7, was calm abut it. She annunced that she wuld need t start keeping her bedrm especially neat, with everything in its place. “In the future, I’ll need t knw where things are,” Mia said.
“She’s finding slutins n her wn,” the parents tld each ther. “We need t fllw her lead.” And s the idea f a yearlng trip was brn, ne that wuld shw the kids the wrld, in persn and at clse range – while the kids culd still see it. Fr the next tw years, the parents saved mney and researched places t visit. “Hw we adults see the wrld and hw kids see the wrld are s different.” says the mther, Edith. “It wuld have t be less abut temples and museums and mre abut whatever caught their eyes.”
By the time the trip began t wind dwn in early 2023, the family had traveled 52,000 miles and visited 18 cuntries. Mia grew taller and when entering adlescence, needed mre independence. Her brthers became mre cnfident and utging. The kids were very aware that they had learned a lt. “There’s a lt f suffering, a lt f pverty, but lts f gd and interesting things t. We shuld be psitive.” said Mia.
25. What can be inferred abut the parents frm paragraph 3 and 4?
A. They are ptimistic abut the children’s disease.
B. They are surprised at their daughter’s creative ideas.
C. They are prud f their daughter’s curage t face difficulties.
D. They are pen-minded enugh t respect their children’s decisin.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““She’s finding slutins n her wn,” the parents tld each ther. “We need t fllw her lead.”(“她在自己尋找解決辦法，”父母互相告訴對(duì)方?！拔覀冃枰S她的腳步?！?”可知，這對(duì)父母很開(kāi)明，尊重孩子的決定，故選D。
題型05 寫(xiě)作意圖推測(cè)題
【題型詮釋】
此題型要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，在復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)境條件下把握作者的思路，推測(cè)作者隱藏的思想及真正的寫(xiě)作意圖及運(yùn)用某種寫(xiě)作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí)和形象，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見(jiàn)。此類題屬于得分率較低的高難度題。
寫(xiě)作意圖推測(cè)題的常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：
Fr what purpse did the authr write the passage?
The writer writes this passage in rder t _________.
The purpse f the text is t _________.
What is the purpse f the last part f the text?
The writer uses…in the first paragraph t ________.
The writer uses the example f….t _________.
此類題型要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖及應(yīng)用某種寫(xiě)作手法的目的。這類題型要求考生不僅能理解文章的內(nèi)容，還要具備對(duì)作者所闡述的問(wèn)題及使用的寫(xiě)作手法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。
【典例5】(2023上·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·高三雅禮中學(xué)校考期中)
The mst valuable thing I ever lst was a pair f diamnd earrings I bught many years ag at a charity auctin (拍賣會(huì)). Thugh very beautiful, they were heavy and turned ut t be painful t wear. I wrte abut the lst earrings in my new children’s bk, The Christmas Pig. When they reach the Land f the Lst, where the her must g t rescue his mst belved ty, my earrings are angry that they aren’t treated with the respect they think they deserve. They sn find ut that being made f diamnds cunts fr very little in the strange wrld where human-made bjects g when lst, because a thing’s imprtance there depends n hw much it’s truly lved.
The Christmas Pig explres a deep attachment t an ld bject. It’s abut the jurney f a by, Jack, wh is a little lst himself but discvers his bravery and ability t lve in a strange wrld. Of all the bks I’ve written, this is the ne that made me cry the mst, because I was dealing with emtins that run deep in all f us. Lss and change are hard fr children, and acceptance f these unavidable parts f life isn’t much easier fr adults. The Christmas Pig shws hw human beings-even small, lst nes-are capable f wnderful, heric acts.
A very strange thing happened n the day I finished editing The Christmas Pig. After emailing the final versin t my editr, I set abut clearing ut a cupbard. The last bject I picked up was a small bx. I pened it. There were my lng-lst diamnd earrings. I’ve decided t sell them and give the mney t a charity. I think it will be a nice ending fr my earrings’ stry t have them d sme gd fr children in the Land f the Living.
Hw many times have I been asked whether I believe in magic? On the day I finished The Christmas Pig, fr a few shining mments, I really did.
27. What des the authr want t tell us thrugh the stry f her earrings?
A. Magic in bks can happen in real life.B. Smetimes warm magic can happen in life.
C. We shuld dnate t help thse in need.D. Lst things will turn up sner r later.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hw many times have I been asked whether I believe in magic? On the day I finished The Christmas Pig, fr a few shining mments, I really did.(有多少次我被問(wèn)到是否相信魔法？在我完成《圣誕豬》的那一天，我真的做到了)”可推知，作者想通過(guò)她丟失耳環(huán)的故事告訴我們，有時(shí)書(shū)中的魔法也會(huì)發(fā)生在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中。故選B。
高考練場(chǎng)
題型01 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題
(2023年新高考全國(guó)I卷C篇)
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培養(yǎng)) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (獨(dú)處) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
30. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過(guò)程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字清理的實(shí)際例子。故選C。
題型02 因果推斷題
(2022年新高考全國(guó)I卷D篇)
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (對(duì)齊), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (結(jié)構(gòu)), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.(研究小組成員Steven Mran說(shuō)：“自從人類出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，我們使用的語(yǔ)音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語(yǔ)音都是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物?！?”可知，人類的語(yǔ)意一直在發(fā)展變化中，并不會(huì)一成不變，而且會(huì)因生物變化和文化變化等進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的相互作用而改變，因此可知Steven Mran認(rèn)為語(yǔ)音是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項(xiàng)。
題型03 人物性格，態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)判斷題
(2023年新高考全國(guó)I卷D篇)
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (轉(zhuǎn)折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】D
【解析】作者觀點(diǎn)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus. (盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。
題型04 猜測(cè)想象推理題
(2022年新高考全國(guó)I卷B篇)
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it’s mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我們大多數(shù)人一樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費(fèi)的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但隨著時(shí)間的推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買(mǎi)了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通過(guò)講述芝麻菜的故事來(lái)表明我們有時(shí)會(huì)無(wú)意間浪費(fèi)食物。故選B項(xiàng)。
題型05 寫(xiě)作意圖推測(cè)題
(2022年新高考全國(guó)I卷D篇)
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there —brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways—he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口號(hào)), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解決).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins”和最后一段“He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.”可知，作者贊同Anthny的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為一座城市可以同時(shí)既年輕又古老。故選A項(xiàng)。
名校模擬
A
(2023上·山東濟(jì)寧·高三曲阜一中?？计谥?
September Classes
When: September 1, 15 & 28, 2024, frm 10 am t 11:30 am
Applicatin Deadline: August 28, 2024
Cst: $12 per participant
Lcatin: Ck Museum f Natural Science, 133 Furth Avenue, Decatur, Alabama
Registratin:
Limited spts are available. Thse wh wuld like t participate in the class shuld register and pay the $12 fee in advance. Admissin t the Exhibits is nt included. There are tw ways t register: g t the Guest Services desk in the museum directly r cntact the Grup Sales department during regular weekday business hurs at grups @ckmuseum.rg r (256) 898-6312.
September Class Tpics:
1. What is the clsing date fr September Classes registratin?
A. August 28.B. September 1.C. September 15.D. September 28.
2. Hw can participants sign up fr the classes?
A. G t the Grup Sales department.B. Visit the Guest Services desk in persn.
C. Call (256) 898-6312 n weekends.D. Email Ck Museum’s website.
3. What can participants d in the class fr K-4th students?
A. Tur arund a weather statin.B. Explre lcal animals and plants.
C. Observe natural disasters utdrs.D. Learn the secrets behind the weather.
B
(2023上·遼寧·高三遼寧實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)) Everyne tries their best in life, and smetimes a few kind wrds f encuragement can help peple realize that their effrts are nt in vain (徒勞). Ⅰ remember a time when I was in fifth grade, and I was a very shy girl.
There was a drawing cmpetitin at my schl that day. As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind. She came t me and encuraged me, saying, “Dn’t verthink it, just put whatever cmes t yur mind n the canvas (畫(huà)布). D yur best, and yu will d well.”
Taking her wrds f wisdm t heart, I started my painting. Time flew by, and sn the bell rang, signaling the end f the time limit. We all turned in ur canvases fr inspectin (檢查). The next day, the winners f the cmpetitin were annunced in frnt f the whle schl. T my surprise, I heard my name being called secnd prize. It was a blt frm the blue fr me, as I had never dared t dream f winning any prize.
Later n, I expressed my gratitude t my art teacher fr her wrds f encuragement and fr believing in me. That day, I became aware f my talent and started painting mre whenever I had free time. Smetimes, I think that if it weren’t fr her wrds f encuragement, I may have never discvered the talent I have.
Overall, this experience taught me the imprtance f encuraging thers and hw a few kind wrds can make a significant impact n smene’s life.
4. What was the authr ding when called by the art teacher?
A. Organizing a drawing cmpetitin.B. Trying t get sme creative ideas.
C. Painting her wrk n her canvas.D. Trying t get help frm thers.
5. What did the authr think f the cmpetitin?
A. Easy.B. Interesting.C. Challenging.D. Encuraging.
6. What d the underlined wrds “blt frm the blue” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Addictin.B. Puzzlement.C. Disappintment.D. Surprise.
7. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Pwer f EncuragementB. The Imprtance f Art Cmpetitins
C. Overcming Shyness Thrugh PaintingD. Discvering Yur Great Natural Ability
C
(2023上·遼寧·高三遼寧實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)) After cllege I wanted t make a difference in the wrld, s I jined the Peace Crps and became a vlunteer teacher in Namibia, my cuntry f assignment (任務(wù)). Hnestly, my first chice wasn’t Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I was sent there.
Varius tribes and racial grups live in Namibia and a number f languages are spken. When Namibia gained independence in 1990, English became the fficial language. Teachers were suppsed t teach in English, but many lacked the language skills t d s. My jb was t train the teachers.
Schls were quite bare. Sme classrms cnsisted merely f sticks stuck in the sand and a metal rf. Each student had nly ne threadbare unifrm. The students had exhausting days. They walked miles t get t schl, ften bareft. They als did many daily chres. Even with their muntains f wrk, few pssessins and little pprtunity, these children were jyful. I admired that.
This was my first time living abrad in a different culture. Simply adapting t the living cnditins was a big adjustment. I had n electricity, running water, phne r Internet. Imagine n air cnditining where the temperature was ften abve 38 degrees Celsius! Hwever, I culd end each day with a splendid African sunset. And at night, I culd have an incredible pllutin-free view f the entire Milky Way (銀河).
Befre Namibia, I never thught a girl like me wuld adapt t such an envirnment. My experience awakened me t nt nly the limitatins we place n urselves, but als ur amazing ability t adapt.
Step utside f yur cmfrt zne and thrw yurself in anther culture. Yu wn’t regret it.
8. What d we knw abut Namibia befre 1990?
A. Everyne culd speak many languages.B. Teachers taught English as an fficial language.
C. It was ruled by ther cuntries.D. Teachers had a gd cmmand f English.
9. What des the underlined wrd “threadbare” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Ancient.B. Uncmfrtable.C. Ugly.D. Shabby.
10. Which f the fllwing best describes the authr accrding t Paragraph 4?
A. Hnest and fearless.B. Brave and clever.
C. Adaptable and ptimistic.D. Generus and kind.
11. Why did the authr feel grateful t vlunteer in Namibia?
A. She gained pure friendship frm African children.
B. The beautiful scenery in Africa impressed her a lt.
C. She succeeded in challenging her limits.
D. Africans’ hard life tuched her deeply.
D
(2023上·山東·高三山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)) Animal appear t predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study t find reliable evidence f the phenmenn has shwn.
Cameras revealed an “amazing” drp in the number f animals up t 23 days befre a majr quake hit their rainfrest hme at Yanachaga Natinal Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, frm Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results shwed that just befre the earthquake, animals’ activity drpped right dwn.”
On a nrmal day the cameras placed arund Yanachaga Natinal Park recrd between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days befre the earthquake, the number f animals drpped t five r fewer per day. N animals were phtgraphed at all n five f the seven days immediately befre the quake.
Anther study shwed that animal activity remained nrmal in the park ver a different perid when seismic (地震的) activity was lw. C-authr, prfessr Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were lcated at an altitude f 900 meters. If air inizatin ccurred, the animals wuld escape t the valley belw, where there were fewer psitive ins ( 離子). With their ability t sense their envirnment, animals can help us understand small changes that ccur befre majr earthquakes.”
Other evidence suggested that befre the earthquake, the air arund the high muntain sites filled with psitive ins that can be prduced when rcks are placed under stress. Psitive ins have been knwn t cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. They are thught t have escaped t lwer grund, where the air was less inized. The findings may help experts develp better shrt-term seismic frecasts.
12. Hw did scientists cnduct the study?
A. By cmparing different animals’ habits.B. By bserving animals in high muntains.
C. By explaining the psitive in phenmenn.D. By analyzing images f animals they btained.
13. What can be inferred frm animal activity befre earthquakes?
A. The grund at a lwer altitude is less inized.
B. Cameras nrmally recrd mre animals per day.
C. Earthquake warnings can be detected in lwer places.
D. The activity f animals and earthquakes is cnsistent.
14. What can we learn frm the text?
A. The findings make fr accurate seismic frecast.
B. Animals tend t be uneasy with mre psitive ins.
C. Psitive ins make humans and animals depressed.
D. All the animals remain abnrmal befre the earthquake.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Negative Influence f Psitive Ins.B. Ins’ Destructin t the Envirnment.
C. Animals’ Behavir Befre Earthquakes.D. Creatures’ Ability t Predict Earthquakes.
參考答案與解析
A篇
1. A 2. B 2. D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了九月課程的具體信息。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Applicatin Deadline部分的August 28, 2024(2024年8月28日)”可知，9月班報(bào)名截止日期為8月28日。故選A。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Registratin部分的“There are tw ways t register: g t the Guest Services desk in the museum directly r cntact the Grup Sales department during regular weekday business hurs at grups@ckmuseum.rg r (256) 898-6312.(報(bào)名有兩種方式:直接到博物館的賓客服務(wù)臺(tái)，或在工作日正常營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間內(nèi)致電grups@ckmuseum.rg或(256)898-6312與集團(tuán)銷售部聯(lián)系。)”可知，學(xué)員可親自到賓客服務(wù)臺(tái)報(bào)名參加課程。故選B。
3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)Weather Watchers部分的“With Weather Watchers, participants step int the shes f meterlgists (氣象學(xué)家) and learn the frmatin f lcal weather events. …Tgether, they will explre why these lcal weather events are s imprtant t native animals and plants.(在“天氣觀察者”項(xiàng)目中，參與者將扮演氣象學(xué)家的角色，了解當(dāng)?shù)靥鞖馐录男纬??；?dòng)演示讓參與者在教室里觀察云、閃電和風(fēng)暴的發(fā)展。參與者還將共同創(chuàng)建自己的氣象站。他們將一起探索為什么這些當(dāng)?shù)氐奶鞖馐录?duì)本地動(dòng)植物如此重要。)”可推知，參與者可以在這個(gè)課堂上了解天氣背后的秘密。故選D。
B篇
4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過(guò)講述自己的一次參賽經(jīng)歷來(lái)證明鼓勵(lì)的重要性。
4. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind.(當(dāng)每個(gè)人都開(kāi)始用他們的創(chuàng)意來(lái)畫(huà)畫(huà)時(shí)，我只是想一些能表達(dá)我想法和情緒的創(chuàng)意。我迷失在自己的世界里，當(dāng)我的藝術(shù)老師從背后呼喚我的名字時(shí)，我又回到了現(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，當(dāng)藝術(shù)老師叫作者時(shí)，作者正在努力獲得一些富有創(chuàng)造力的思路。故選B。
5. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind. She came t me and encuraged me, saying, “Dn’t verthink it, just put whatever cmes t yur mind n the canvas (畫(huà)布). D yur best, and yu will d well.”(當(dāng)每個(gè)人都開(kāi)始用他們的創(chuàng)意來(lái)畫(huà)畫(huà)時(shí)，我只是想一些能表達(dá)我想法和情緒的創(chuàng)意。我迷失在自己的世界里，當(dāng)我的藝術(shù)老師從背后呼喚我的名字時(shí)，我又回到了現(xiàn)實(shí)。她走到我面前鼓勵(lì)我，說(shuō)：“不要想得太多，只要把你想到的都寫(xiě)在畫(huà)布上。盡你所能，你就會(huì)做得很好?！?”可知，別的學(xué)生已經(jīng)開(kāi)始畫(huà)畫(huà)了，但是作者還在苦苦構(gòu)思；且藝術(shù)老師對(duì)作者說(shuō)：“不要想太多，只要把你想到的東西畫(huà)在畫(huà)布上就行了。”這些都說(shuō)明作者覺(jué)得這次比賽對(duì)自己來(lái)說(shuō)很難，很有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選C。
6. 詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“T my surprise, I heard my name being called secnd prize. It was a blt frm the blue fr me, as I had never dared t dream f winning any prize.(令我驚訝的是，我聽(tīng)到二等獎(jiǎng)里有自己的名字。這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是blt frm the blue，因?yàn)槲覐膩?lái)不敢夢(mèng)想贏得任何獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng))”可知，作者做夢(mèng)都不敢想能得到任何獎(jiǎng)品，所以聽(tīng)到自己獲獎(jiǎng)的消息后感到非常驚訝，劃線部分表示“震驚，驚訝”,與surprise同義。故選D。
7. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Overall, this experience taught me the imprtance f encuraging thers and hw a few kind wrds can make a significant impact n smene’s life.(總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這段經(jīng)歷教會(huì)了我鼓勵(lì)他人的重要性，以及幾句友善的話如何對(duì)某人的生活產(chǎn)生重大影響)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，作者通過(guò)講述自己的一次參賽經(jīng)歷來(lái)證明鼓勵(lì)的重要性，所以“鼓勵(lì)的力量”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
C篇
8. C 9. D 10. C 11. C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者到非洲做志愿者的工作經(jīng)歷以及感悟。
8. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“Namibia gained independence in 1990”可知，納米比亞在1990年獲得獨(dú)立，所以在1990年以前納米比亞是被其他國(guó)家統(tǒng)治的，故選C。
9. 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ften bareft”以及“few pssessins”可知，孩子們的生活非常艱苦，而且由畫(huà)線詞前面的“nly ne”可知，他們每人僅有一件校服，所以“threadbare”應(yīng)表示“破舊的”，故只有D項(xiàng)“shabby”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。
10. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Simply adapting t the living cnditins was a big adjustment. ”(僅僅是適應(yīng)生活條件就需要很大的調(diào)整)可知作者適應(yīng)了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳瞽h(huán)境，體現(xiàn)出其適應(yīng)能力很強(qiáng)。根據(jù)“I had n electricity，running water，phne r Internet. Imagine n air cnditining where the temperature was ften abve 38 degrees Celsius! ”(沒(méi)有電，沒(méi)有自來(lái)水，沒(méi)有電話，也沒(méi)有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。想象一下，沒(méi)有空調(diào)，那里的溫度往往高于38攝氏度)可知納米比亞的生活條件很艱苦，可是作者卻能“end each day with a splendid African sunset”(在燦爛的非洲日落中結(jié)束每一天)以及“have an incredible pllutin-free view f the entire Milky Way”(欣賞瑰麗的銀河系)，由此可知，作者是一個(gè)非常樂(lè)觀的人，故選C。
11. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I am extremely grateful that I was sent there”(我很感激被派到那里)以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“My experience awakened me t nt nly the limitatins we place n urselves，but als ur amazing ability t adapt.”（我的經(jīng)歷不僅讓我意識(shí)到我們給自己設(shè)置的限制，也讓我意識(shí)到我們驚人的適應(yīng)能力）和最后一段內(nèi)容可知，這段經(jīng)歷讓作者意識(shí)到走出自己的舒適區(qū)并且在另一個(gè)環(huán)境中挑戰(zhàn)自己的極限的重要意義，所以關(guān)于這段經(jīng)歷她心存感激。C項(xiàng)中的“challenging her limits”照應(yīng)了文中的“awakened me t nt nly the limitatins”，故選C。
D篇
12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有可靠證據(jù)的研究，動(dòng)物似乎通過(guò)感應(yīng)空氣中的電流來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)地震?？茖W(xué)家通過(guò)攝像機(jī)記錄下地震前后捕捉到的動(dòng)物行為的變化證明了這一項(xiàng)研究的可靠性。
12. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講到“On a nrmal day the cameras placed arund Yanachaga Natinal Park recrd between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days befre the earthquake, the number f animals drpped t five r fewer per day. N animals were phtgraphed at all n five f the seven days immediately befre the quake. (在平常的一天，放置在Yanachaga國(guó)家公園周圍的攝像機(jī)記錄了5到15只動(dòng)物。但在地震前的23天，動(dòng)物的數(shù)量下降到每天5只或更少。在地震前的七天中，有五天根本沒(méi)有拍攝到任何動(dòng)物)”可知，在地震前后攝像機(jī)捕捉到的動(dòng)物的圖像的數(shù)量是有所變化的。由此可知，科學(xué)家通過(guò)分析他們獲得的動(dòng)物圖像進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究的。故選D。
13. 推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到“Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. They are thught t have escaped t lwer grund, where the air was less inized. (科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這些動(dòng)物被正離子弄得感覺(jué)不舒服，導(dǎo)致它們避開(kāi)該區(qū)域。他們被認(rèn)為逃到了較低的地面，那里的空氣電離程度較低。)”可知，從地震前的動(dòng)物活動(dòng)中可以推斷出海拔較低的地面電離程度較低。故選A。
14. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章最后一段講到“Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. (科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這些動(dòng)物被正離子弄得感覺(jué)不舒服，導(dǎo)致它們避開(kāi)該區(qū)域。)”可知，我們能從文章中了解到動(dòng)物往往對(duì)較多的正離子感到不安。故選B。
15. 主旨大意題。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有可靠證據(jù)的研究，動(dòng)物似乎通過(guò)感應(yīng)空氣中的電流來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)地震?？茖W(xué)家通過(guò)攝像機(jī)記錄下地震前后捕捉到的動(dòng)物行為的變化證明了這一項(xiàng)研究的可靠性。文章第一段講到“Animal appear t predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study t find reliable evidence f the phenmenn has shwn.(動(dòng)物似乎可以通過(guò)感知空氣中的電力來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)地震—這是第一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象可靠證據(jù)的研究。)”可知，C項(xiàng)“地震前動(dòng)物的行為”適合這篇文章的標(biāo)題。故選C。
項(xiàng)目
年份卷別
語(yǔ)篇類型
題型
應(yīng)用文
記敘文
說(shuō)明文
議論文
細(xì)節(jié)理解
推理判斷
主旨要義
詞義猜測(cè)
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全國(guó)甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全國(guó)乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全國(guó)甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全國(guó)乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全國(guó)甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全國(guó)乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全國(guó)I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全國(guó)Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2
All Abut Squid (魷魚(yú))
Grade Levels: 5th-12th
Maximum: 15 participants
Investigate the amazing bdy structure f these creatures!Mst peple refer t squid as great fd and the glden fried rings are hard t resist, but fr researchers, these creatures have been subjects f scientific study fr fur decades. In this interactive class, participants will cut pen a squid and study hw their unique design allws them t catch fd and escape frm enemies.
Weather Watchers Grade Levels: K-4th
Maximum: 10 participants
Weather events such as cluds, lightning and strms can be s astnishing that we smetimes frget that it isn’t magic — it is SCIENCE!With Weather Watchers, participants step int the shes f meterlgists (氣象學(xué)家) and learn the frmatin f lcal weather events. Interactive demnstratins allw the participants t watch the develpment f cluds, lightning and strms in the classrm. Participants will als wrk tgether t create their wn weather statin. Tgether, they will explre why these lcal weather events are s imprtant t native animals and plants.

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