從以上表格可以看出，高考英語對(duì)于詞義猜測(cè)題的考查，每年都有一到兩題，它包括單詞詞義猜測(cè)、短語猜測(cè)和句子猜測(cè)。
在說明文尤其是科技類說明文中，作者通常會(huì)對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語進(jìn)行解釋。常見的有對(duì)該詞下定義或后跟同位語、定語從句、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等引出解釋說明部分。通過閱讀定義或解釋部分，讀者便可理解該詞或短語的意思。
詞義猜測(cè)題常用解題方法：定義法、對(duì)比法、因果法、常識(shí)聯(lián)想法、例舉法、語境線索法、構(gòu)詞法等。猜詞題可以使用以下口決：
1.指代詞：出現(xiàn)指代往前找，單復(fù)人物要看好；
2.半熟悉詞，利用構(gòu)詞法：半生不熟看構(gòu)詞，結(jié)合語境來把持；
3.純生詞，則利用邏輯關(guān)系、同義解釋、上下文語境：同義語境和邏輯，上下求索尋真義。
題型歸納
題型01 定義法
【題型詮釋】
有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。一般通過定義、定語從句、同位語短語或從句等來確定詞義。有時(shí)通過r, that is, that is t say, namely, in ther wrds等來釋義。需要解釋的單詞和短語大多是專有名詞、生僻詞或文中較重要的詞。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如逗號(hào)后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號(hào)后的解釋、括號(hào)內(nèi)的解釋等。定義常用的謂語動(dòng)詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be cnsidered t be, be called, define, represent, refer t, signify (意味，表明)等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。
解這類題時(shí)，學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，把握句子的主干部分，利用好一些標(biāo)識(shí)詞，然后做出恰當(dāng)?shù)牟聹y(cè)。
【典例1】(安徽省合肥市第168中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期期末考試)
Eat yur vegetables. Wash yur hands. Always say “please” and “thank yu”. We are full f advice fr ur children, but when it cmes t mney, we ften have little t say. As a result, ur children may grw up with clean hands and gd manners, but withut any idea hw t manage their mney. Here are sme basics that will help guide them their entire lives：
Shw them the future. If yur 13-year-ld girl were t save 1,000, invest (投資) it at 81.000, invest (投資) it at 8,100 every mnth, by the time she’s 65, she wuld have $ 980,983!
Be careful f credit (信用). Credit cards can help yu buy necessary things and build a credit histry, but they must be used respnsibly, which means paying ff yur debt in time. Explain t yur children that when yu buy smething using a credit card, yu can easily end up paying tw r three times what yu wuld have paid if yu used cash.
Teach patience. Suppse yur child wants a new bicycle that csts 150. Rather than paying the cash, give him sme regular pcket mney and explain that by putting aside, say, 150. Rather than paying the cash, give him sme regular pcket mney and explain that by putting aside, say, 15 each week, he will be able t buy it fr himself in nly ten weeks.
Prvide incentive. Tell yur children the imprtance f saving. “Fr every dllar he r she agrees t save and invest rather than spend, yu agree t add anther dllar t the pt,” says Cathy Paret, expert in mney planning. Explain yur values. Values and mney are deeply intertwined (纏結(jié)在一起), says Eilleen Gall, c-authr f The Financially Intelligent Parent. When yur child demands that yu buy smething, explain why yu really dn’t want t buy it. “Yu might say, ‘I’d rather save that mney fr yur educatin,’” advises Gall. Every time yu spend r dn’t spend mney, yu have a chance t share yur values.
2. The underlined wrd “incentive” in paragraph 5 means ________.
A. hnr B. praise C. excitement D. encuragement
【答案】D
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)推理題。根據(jù)Tell yur children the imprtance f saving. “Fr every dllar he r she agrees t save and invest rather than spend, yu agree t add anther dllar t the pt,” says Cathy Paret...引號(hào)中的一段話及本段內(nèi)容是鼓勵(lì)孩子學(xué)會(huì)節(jié)約，學(xué)會(huì)節(jié)省，故該詞應(yīng)該是指鼓勵(lì)。故D正確。
題型02 對(duì)比法
【題型詮釋】
我們還可以利用前后對(duì)比來猜測(cè)詞義。轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”、讓步狀語從句、條件從句和“unlike”, “in spite f”, “n the cntrary”, “n the ther hand”, “hwever”等介詞、副詞能構(gòu)成前后意義上的對(duì)比關(guān)系。而as, like, just as als等詞則可以幫助構(gòu)成意義上相似、成份上對(duì)應(yīng)的比較關(guān)系。這些都是我們解決猜詞的標(biāo)識(shí)詞語。
看準(zhǔn)標(biāo)識(shí)詞，弄清楚它們的意思，再通過上下文進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。有些是表示相似的標(biāo)識(shí)詞，有些是表示相反的標(biāo)識(shí)詞。
【典例2】（2023·北京海淀·石家莊市第四十二中學(xué)統(tǒng)考一模）
At a museum in Vietnam, Lena Bui’s film Where Birds Dance Their Last reflected n the beauty and vulnerability f Vietnamese feather farms after Bird Flu. During a festival in Rwanda, Ellen Reid’s audi experience Sundwalk was shared in a hpeful discussin abut music, parks and mental health. These are a few f the things I have helped bring t life ver the years, wrking at the intersectin f scientific research, the arts and advcacy t supprt science in slving glbal health challenges.
Science is key t addressing these issues. But it isn’t the nly key. T achieve its ptential and fr its advances t be implemented and reach all wh culd benefit, science depends n trust and gd relatinships. Peple might nt always see science as relevant, trustwrthy r meaningful t their lives. There are reasns why sme see science as having a chequered past, frm nuclear weapns t eugenics, and are therefre uninterested in, r suspicius f, what it prpses. Others feel excluded by the incmprehensibility f hyper specialist knwledge.
In its capacity t build upn and test an evidence base, science is pwerful, but researchers and funders haven’t been as gd at ensuring this evidence base respnds t the needs and interests f diverse cmmunities, r infrms plicy makers t take actin. Science might be perceived as distancing itself frm the persnal, the petic and the plitical, yet it is precisely these qualities that can be mst influential when it cmes t public interest in atpic r hw a gvernment priritizes a decisin.
A mving stry well tld can be mre memrable than a list f facts. This is where the arts cme in. Artists can give us different perspectives with which t cnsider and reimagine the wrld tgether. They can redress the prclaimed bjectivity in science by bringing stries —subjectivities —int the picture, and these can help fster a sense f cnnectin and hpe.
In 2012, I set up artist residencies in medical research centres arund the wrld. Bui was attached t the Oxfrd University Clinical Research Unit in Vietnam. The head f the research team was delighted, finding that Bui, as a Vietnamese artist, had license t be in, and t share useful insights frm, villages where infectius disease researchers weren’t welcme. Six years later, I led Wellcme’s Cntagius Cities prgram, which established artist residencies wrldwide t supprt lcally led explratins f epidemic preparedness. The recent pandemic made this wrk mre nticeable, and has infrmed ur Mindscapes prgram which is currently sharing experiences f mental health thrugh the wrk f artists.
With pandemic, climate and mental health crises upn us, rising inequality and what feels like an increasingly brken wrld, never has there been mre need t build and nurture hpeful and imaginative spaces t grw human cnnectin and shared purpse fr the cmmn gd. Science and the arts can wrk hand in glve t achieve this.
21. What des the underlined wrd “chequered” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Recent and remte.B. Gd and bad.C. Usual and unusual.D. Peaceful and scary.
【答案】B
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Peple might nt always see science as relevant, trustwrthy r meaningful t their lives.(人們可能并不總是認(rèn)為科學(xué)與他們的生活相關(guān)、值得信賴或有意義)”以及畫線詞后文“frm nuclear weapns t eugenics, and are therefre uninterested in, r suspicius f, what it prpses”可知，人們可能并不總是認(rèn)為科學(xué)與他們的生活相關(guān)、值得信賴或有意義，所以有些人認(rèn)為科學(xué)的過去有好有壞，從核武器到優(yōu)生學(xué)，因此對(duì)科學(xué)提出的東西不感興趣或懷疑是有原因的。故畫線詞意思是“有好有壞”。故選B。
題型03 因果法
【題型詮釋】
因果關(guān)系是一種常見的、行之有效的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系，一定的原因會(huì)導(dǎo)致一定的結(jié)果，某一結(jié)果總是由某種或某些原因引起的，不管生詞出現(xiàn)在原因分句還是結(jié)果分句，我們都能從因果關(guān)系中推出其含義。在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。作者在敘述原因的過程中就必然會(huì)把詞或句子置于因果關(guān)系中。
常見的表示因果關(guān)系的詞匯：since, as, because, fr, s, thus, cnsequently, therefre, hence, due t, wing t, thanks t, n accunt f, result in, result frm, as a result, fr this reasn, accrdingly, , s that, such ... that等。
在做這類題時(shí)，根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系來推斷其中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思，既可由因推果，也可由果推因。
【典例3】（2023上·遼寧·高三遼寧實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）
Everyne tries their best in life, and smetimes a few kind wrds f encuragement can help peple realize that their effrts are nt in vain (徒勞).Ⅰremember a time when I was in fifth grade, and I was a very shy girl.
There was a drawing cmpetitin at my schl that day. As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind. She came t me and encuraged me, saying, “Dn’t verthink it, just put whatever cmes t yur mind n the canvas (畫布). D yur best, and yu will d well.”
Taking her wrds f wisdm t heart, I started my painting. Time flew by, and sn the bell rang, signaling the end f the time limit. We all turned in ur canvases fr inspectin (檢查). The next day, the winners f the cmpetitin were annunced in frnt f the whle schl. T my surprise, I heard my name being called secnd prize. It was a blt frm the blue fr me, as I had never dared t dream f winning any prize.
Later n, I expressed my gratitude t my art teacher fr her wrds f encuragement and fr believing in me. That day, I became aware f my talent and started painting mre whenever I had free time. Smetimes, I think that if it weren’t fr her wrds f encuragement, I may have never discvered the talent I have.
Overall, this experience taught me the imprtance f encuraging thers and hw a few kind wrds can make a significant impact n smene’s life
【答案】D
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“T my surprise, I heard my name being called secnd prize. It was a blt frm the blue fr me, as I had never dared t dream f winning any prize. (令我驚訝的是，我聽到二等獎(jiǎng)里有自己的名字。這對(duì)我來說是blt frm the blue，因?yàn)槲覐膩聿桓覊?mèng)想贏得任何獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng))”可知，作者做夢(mèng)都不敢想能得到任何獎(jiǎng)品，所以聽到自己獲獎(jiǎng)的消息后感到非常驚訝，劃線部分表示“震驚，驚訝”，與surprise同義。故選D。
題型04 常識(shí)聯(lián)想法
【題型詮釋】
在僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系和語境無法猜出詞義時(shí)，我們可以借助生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普通常識(shí)確定詞義。閱讀題文段題材豐富，涉及社會(huì)、科普、政治、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、生活、風(fēng)俗等多方面知識(shí)。
解此類閱讀題時(shí)，也要根據(jù)英語國(guó)家社會(huì)文化背景等，作出正確的判斷。
【典例4】（2023·北京·清華附中?？既＃?br>A vide circulated n scial media earlier this year, shwing a turist pening the dr f a vehicle, reaching ut an arm and attempting t strke a passing liness. The liness shrugged him ff, but it culd have easily gne hrribly wrng.
Reckless behaviur arund wildlife risks the safety f bth peple and animals. Peple risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and pssibly killed, while animals can be harmed, remved r put dwn, irrespective f whether they were nly defending themselves. Animal attacks can als cast a destinatin in a negative light, causing temprary clsures r scaring ff visitrs. All just s smene culd bast that they had strked a lin r captured a mment n a camera phne.
“Turists are getting mre and mre reckless arund wildlife and the surce f the prblem is scial media.” says wildlife phtgrapher Anette Msshachers. “Peple risking their lives r ding stupid things with wildlife are after ‘likes’ and fllwers, smething t shw ff n scial media,” says Mssbacher. “The greater the risk, the mre ‘likes’ they get. With sme clients, it seems like a sickness r addictin.”
Yet scial media is nt entirely t blame. Peple have always taken risks fr an experience. Flish behavir and a tendency t get ccky arund dangerus animals must have been arund since the dawn f humanity. A hunger fr attentin nline might drive sme f the current madness, but sme individuals might be trying t recreate a piece f the actin they have seen n televisin. Perhaps the adrenaline (腎上腺激素) rush when clse t wild animals causes an evapratin f cmmn sense.
“There’s a wrrying lack f awareness that animals several times ur size, weight, speed and strength can easily hurt us,”says wildlife phtgrapher David Llyd. “I dn’t think parks are ding enugh t raise awareness. Turists need t knw hw their presence can affect wildlife. A gd example is cheetahs (獵豹) n vehicle rftps. It may be a thrill fr the bystanders, but the cnsequences if a mther cheetah falls ff wuld be severe. She wuld n lnger be able t hunt, s her cubs culd easily starve.”
“Peple aren’t getting the educatin abut why they need t stay away frm wildlife, including aviding diseases, keeping peple secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president f species cnservatin and science fr the African Wildlife Fundatin. “We need t educate turists thrugh signs, pamphlets and frntline drivers. We shuld stick t guidelines, and there needs t be enfrcement thrugh the law.”
18. What des the underlined wrd “ccky” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Selfish.B. Frightened.C. Arrgant.D. Shcked.
【答案】C
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題之常識(shí)聯(lián)想法。根據(jù)第四段中“Peple have always taken risks fr an experience. Flish behavir and a tendency t get ccky arund dangerus animals must have been arund since the dawn f humanity. (人們總是為了體驗(yàn)而冒險(xiǎn)。自人類誕生以來，在危險(xiǎn)動(dòng)物面前愚蠢的行為和ccky傾向一定一直存在)”可知，冒險(xiǎn)是人類的本性，結(jié)合并列詞組“Flish behavir”可知推知，“get ccky”也是一種魯莽的、不理性的表現(xiàn)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，ccky與arrgant同義，意為“傲慢的”。故選C項(xiàng)。
題型05例舉法
【題型詮釋】
通過一些例子說明生詞的詞義, 用such as, fr example, like, fr instance等來引出。在特定的情況下，作者通過一連串同一類型或范疇的詞語來表達(dá)其思想，如果有一生詞就在一系列同范疇的詞語中，可以通過這些詞的特征和語義范圍來推斷出生詞的詞義范圍。
解決這類題時(shí)，學(xué)生要看準(zhǔn)表示舉例的標(biāo)識(shí)詞，除了前面提到的外，還可能有i.e., that is, that is t say等。
【典例5】（2023上·天津·高三天津?qū)嶒?yàn)中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）
A wrld-champin bdy builder has n mre muscles than des a 90-pund persn wh is physically weak. S what makes him s strng? What ther qualities des he need?
Muscles are made f thusands f stringy fibers-a number that is fixed during childhd-which cntract(收縮）when ding wrk. Strength des nt depend n the number f fibers but n the functin f their thickness and hw many f them cntract at the same time.
Exercise actually damages the muscles. During the recvery stage, the muscle fibers increase in size. Exercise als trains mre muscle fibers t wrk at ne time. If a muscle is weak r untrained, fr example, nly 10 percent f its fibers will cntract, whereas up t 90 percent f the fibers in a weight lifter’s biceps (二頭?。﹚ill cntract.
Aside frm the strength, tw ther factrs g int making an athlete: fitness and endurance. Fitness is related t the cnditin f the heart. During exercises, there is an increase in the amunt f bld returning t the heart frm the muscles. A typical vlume fr a runner at rest is abut 5 quarts a minute, cmpared with 30 quarts during a vigrus trial(運(yùn)動(dòng)測(cè)試). This greater vlume means mre wrk fr the heart---a muscular balln that expands and cntract is t take in bld and push it ut. Like any ther muscle, the heart enlarges and gets strnger with rutine exercise.
Endurance, r the length f time muscles can wrk, depends in part n hw much fuel－in this case sugar-the muscles can stre. A muscle that is cntinually exercised until it runs ut f sugar tends t stre mre when it refuels at the next meal. And mre sugar can translate int greater endurance the next time the muscle is put t the test.
13. What des the authr mean by saying “this greater vlume means mre wrk fr the heart”?
A. The heart bears the task f making mre bld during a vigrus trial.
B. The heart needs t bear the fast heart beating during a vigrus trial.
C. The heart takes in mre bld and pushes it ut during a vigrus trial.
D. The heart enlarges and becmes strnger rutinely during a vigrus trial.
【答案】C
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段倒第二句中的“a muscular balln that expands and cntract is t take in bld and push it ut”(一個(gè)可以擴(kuò)張和收縮的肌肉氣球的作用是吸收血液并將其排出)可知，作者的意思是心臟吸收更多的血液，并在運(yùn)動(dòng)測(cè)試中將其排出體外。故選C。
題型06語境線索法
【題型詮釋】
根據(jù)綜合語境，通過一定的語言邏輯關(guān)系，加以推理判斷，從而理解生詞詞義。閱讀題文段題材豐富。涉及社會(huì)、科普、政治、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、生活、風(fēng)俗等多方面知識(shí)。解閱讀題時(shí)，也要根據(jù)英語國(guó)家社會(huì)文化背景等，作出正確的判斷。
這類題型包括文化語境線索、語境標(biāo)記線索和詞匯語境線索。語言標(biāo)記中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)逗號(hào)、分號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)，甚至還包括句號(hào)，對(duì)語境線索的提示作用和句子間的關(guān)聯(lián)作用很重要。
【典例6】（2023上·遼寧·高三遼寧實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）
After cllege I wanted t make a difference in the wrld, s I jined the Peace Crps and became a vlunteer teacher in Namibia, my cuntry f assignment (任務(wù)). Hnestly, my first chice wasn’t Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I was sent there.
Varius tribes and racial grups live in Namibia and a number f languages are spken. When Namibia gained independence in 1990, English became the fficial language. Teachers were suppsed t teach in English, but many lacked the language skills t d s. My jb was t train the teachers.
Schls were quite bare. Sme classrms cnsisted merely f sticks stuck in the sand and a metal rf. Each student had nly ne threadbare unifrm. The students had exhausting days. They walked miles t get t schl, ften bareft. They als did many daily chres. Even with their muntains f wrk, few pssessins and little pprtunity, these children were jyful. I admired that.
This was my first time living abrad in a different culture. Simply adapting t the living cnditins was a big adjustment. I had n electricity, running water, phne r Internet. Imagine n air cnditining where the temperature was ften abve 38 degrees Celsius! Hwever, I culd end each day with a splendid African sunset. And at night, I culd have an incredible pllutin-free view f the entire Milky Way (銀河).
Befre Namibia, I never thught a girl like me wuld adapt t such an envirnment. My experience awakened me t nt nly the limitatins we place n urselves, but als ur amazing ability t adapt.
Step utside f yur cmfrt zne and thrw yurself in anther culture. Yu wn’t regret it.
28. What des the underlined wrd “threadbare” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Ancient.B. Uncmfrtable.C. Ugly.D. Shabby.
【答案】D
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ften bareft”以及“few pssessins”可知，孩子們的生活非常艱苦，而且由畫線詞前面的“nly ne”可知，他們每人僅有一件校服，所以“threadbare”應(yīng)表示“破舊的”，故只有D項(xiàng)“shabby”符合語境，故選D。
題型07構(gòu)詞法
【題型詮釋】
在英語中，有很多詞可以通過增加前綴和后綴的方式，構(gòu)成新詞。乍看起來，這個(gè)詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。
中學(xué)英語常見的前綴和后綴有：
super-超;過于inter-互相;在…之間micr-極微小的
re-再, 反復(fù)sub-次于..., 在…底下c-共同
pst- (在…之)后pre- (在…之)前trans-超越；轉(zhuǎn)換
under-在之…下；低于；anti-反；防(止)mis-不；非
un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 無nn-不；非Sin-中國(guó)(人)的
-able可被…的-hd狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時(shí)期-ish如…的；有點(diǎn)兒…的
-prf防…的； 抗…的-ship身份；資格；權(quán)力；-sme引起…的;產(chǎn)生…的
-wards向-less不能…的；無…的
學(xué)生應(yīng)該盡可能多記一些前后綴，不要混淆。還有一些常見的前綴或后綴，比如un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 無，都可以表示否定，則應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)記住高中階段學(xué)過的一些詞。
【典例7】（2016上·黑龍江牡丹江·高二統(tǒng)考期末）
Have yu ever had the strange feeling that yu were being watched? Yu turned arund and, sure enugh, smene was lking right at yu!
Parapsychlgists (靈學(xué)家) say that humans have a natural ability t sense when smene is lking at them. T research whether such a “sixth sense” really exists, Rbert Baker, a psychlgist (心理學(xué)家) at the University f Kentucky, did tw experiments.
In the first ne, Baker sat behind unknwing peple in public places and stared (盯著) at the backs f their heads fr 5 t 15 minutes. The subjects (受試者) were eating, drinking, reading, studying, watching TV, r wrking at a cmputer. Baker made sure that the peple culd nt tell that he was sitting behind them during thse perids. Later, when he questined the subjects, almst all f them said they had n sense that smene was staring at them.
Fr the secnd experiment, Baker tld the subjects that they wuld be stared at frm time t time frm behind in a labratry setting. The peple had t write dwn when they felt they were being stared at and when they weren’t. Baker fund that the subjects were n better at telling when they were stared at and when they weren’t.
Baker cncludes that peple d nt have the ability t sense when they’re being stared at. If peple dubt the utcme f his tw experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see fr themselves.”
2. The underlined wrd “utcme” in the last paragraph mst prbably means ________.
A. valueB. resultC. perfrmanceD. cnnectin
【答案】B
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。最后一段表明心理學(xué)家Baker得出結(jié)論，因此根據(jù)第一句話Baker cncludes that peple d nt have the ability t sense when they’re being stared at.得知“utcme”在此處為“結(jié)果”，故選B。
高考練場(chǎng)
題型01 對(duì)比法
(2022年6月浙江卷C篇)
Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin (適度) als gets results n the jb.
In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all. High levels f knwledge can make peple t attached t traditinal ways f viewing prblems acrss fields the arts, sciences, and plitics. High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md (情緒) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
Markman als prmtes ff-task time. “Part f being a gd thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated t what yu are wrking n at the mment but give yu fresh ideas abut yur wrk,” he says. “Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity. S, when peple d things t increase their life satisfactin, they als make themselves mre effective at wrk.”
8. The underlined wrd “g-getter” in paragraph 3 refers t smene wh _______.
A. is gd at handling pressureB. wrks hard t becme successful
C. a has a natural talent fr his jb.D. gets n well with his c-wrkers
【答案】B
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.(而他那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事們則在角落辦公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事會(huì)得到別人不屑的目光，即被認(rèn)為不努力工作，相反，那些在辦公桌前吃午飯的年輕銀行家可能被視為是一個(gè)努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，劃線單詞g-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故選B。
題型02 因果法
(2022年高考英語北京卷D篇)
Quantum (量子) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype (炒作) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open. B. Cl. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
【答案】A
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三自然段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” (但約翰遜表明，量子計(jì)算的某些方面使得它特別 prne被炒作，可能是因?yàn)椤傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西。)可知，本句中含有一個(gè)原因狀語從句，因?yàn)椤傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西”，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prne意為“易于……的”。A. Open.開放的；易受損害的；B. Cl. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故選A。
題型03 常識(shí)聯(lián)想法
(2021年6月新高考2卷B篇）
I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z, Paris fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn’t make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
I’ve gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving - but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn’t wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they’d get up t mischief. We’d cme dwn in the mrning t find they’d turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren’t there.
I’m nt sad abut it. I'm hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
5. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
【答案】 5. A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they’d ”（隨著它們的活動(dòng)越來越多，我們白天讓它們?cè)诜孔永镒杂苫顒?dòng)，但當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí)，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們會(huì)）以及后文“We’d cme dwn in the mrning t find they’d turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我們?cè)缟舷聵菚r(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們?cè)谝粋€(gè)大房間里，否則它們就會(huì)調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。
題型04例舉法
(2020全國(guó)III卷B篇)
When “Rise f the Planet f the Apes” was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin-capture (動(dòng)作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (圖像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2, 000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including “Water fr Elephants”, “The Hangver Part Ⅱ” and “Zkeeper”, have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
3. What des the underlined phrase “keeping tabs n” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Listing cmpletely. B. Directing prfessinally.
C. Prmting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
【答案】D
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment (一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，監(jiān)控動(dòng)物在電影娛樂中的待遇)以及下文Already, a number f films, … them haven’t been treated prperly. (許多電影，包括“大象的眼淚”, “宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理員”, 引起了動(dòng)物保護(hù)人士的憤怒，他們說影片中的動(dòng)物沒有遭到很好的對(duì)待。) 由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動(dòng)物待遇的非營(yíng)利組織，今年正密切關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“密切關(guān)注”。故選D項(xiàng)。
題型05語境線索法
(2021年6月全國(guó)甲卷C篇)
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam (橫桿), I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear; turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded (滑) up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
2. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well dne! C. N way! D. Dn’t wrry.
【答案】B
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Safe! Safe! Safe!”定位在原文第三段“And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. 這就是重要的著陸技巧，成為一名優(yōu)秀的滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員。表示做得好，所以應(yīng)該是鼓勵(lì)的話語。故選B項(xiàng)。
名校模擬
A
(2023上·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·高二湖南師大附中校聯(lián)考期中) Travel has becme increasingly incnvenient and smetimes impssible ver the last cuple f years. Hwever, museums arund the wrld are digitizing their cllectins, enabling peple t tur the museums frm afar.
The British Museum, Lndn
The British Museum cntains bjects frm arund the wrld, including the Rsetta Stne, with three versins f a text that helped researchers learn t read ancient Egyptian. The Great Curt’s ceiling, in the middle f the museum, is cmpsed f 3212 pieces f glass, nne f which are alike. The virtual tur f the museum ffers a 360-degree view f the rm, allwing visitrs t lk at every piece.
MASP, S ? Paul
The first mdern museum in Brazil, the Museu de Arte de S? Paul includes art frm the 14th t the 20th centuries. The paintings, which are placed n glass panels, appear t be flating in mid-air. This setup, included in the virtual tur shws, makes the art appear almst magical.
Natinal Museum f Mdern and Cntemprary Art, Krea
This Krean museum includes fur branches in different cities and features wrks f art frm Krea and arund the wrld. The art includes a variety f media such as print, sculpture and phtgraphy. There are als nline exhibitins such as “Artists in Their Times” which traces trends in Krean art since the late 1970s.
The J. Paul Getty Museum, Ls Angeles Cunty
This museum, with lcatins in tw different places, features art ging back t The Nelithic Perid. Its virtual tur, accessible thrugh Ggle Arts & Culture, ffers views f mre recent wrks, including sme by van Ggh and Renir. Anther platfrm, Xplrlt, als features views f sme f the museum’s utdr spaces.
1. What can we learn abut The British Museum?
A. It is best knwn fr the Rsetta Stne.B. It tells the changes f ancient Egyptian.
C. It is made up f several pieces f glass.D. It huses exhibits frm different cuntries.
2. Which museum may suit visitrs interested in van Ggh’s wrks?
A. The British Museum.
B. MASP, S? Paul.
C. Natinal Museum f Mdern and Cntemprary Art.
D. The J. Paul Getty Museum.
3. What d the listed museums have in cmmn?
A. They have several branches.B. They display their paintings in mid-air.
C. They can be visited in yur wn hme.D. They are accessible n Ggle Arts & Culture.
B
(2023上·湖南·高三雅禮中學(xué)?？计谥? At Jenner Park primary Schl in Wales, pupils between the ages f seven and nine are writing letters t residents f a lcal care hme. The initiative sees children and their elderly pen pals (筆友) exchange updates abut their lives, helping t build relatinships between generatins while als giving the children an understanding f the value f writing letters by hand—an activity that’s becming less and less cmmn.
Laura Jhnsn, the teacher wh crdinates (協(xié)調(diào)) the scheme at Jenner Park, says: “All f ur writing is fr a purpse. That’s the key in getting children t value handwriting.” As sn as yu put an audience there, knwing that smene ut there is ging t be reading it—whether that’s parents r anther grup f children—there’s always the real sense f pride t g alng with it,” says Jhnsn.
The schl maintains a fcus n handwriting thrughut the years, frm dedicated handwriting classes in the prep schl t a calligraphy club ffered t the lder grups. It has created smething called the pen license. It allws yunger children t mve frm using a pencil t pen nce they’ve reached a certain standard. “There’s a lt f excitement abut reaching that pen licence stage,” says Jhnsn.
Jhnsn adds that develping students’ writing in this way matters fr their life after schl: “Fr us, it’s imprtant that we create citizens f the future wh have a set f life skills that can make them successful.” The dminance f technlgy is a challenge, she admits, but she als believes bth tls have their place. “Obviusly we’re cmpeting with technlgy cntinuusly.” she says. “And I knw there are peple there saying yu dn’t need t bther abut handwriting because tech is ut there. But we dn’t see it as cmpeting. We’re trying t get pupils t realize that there’s a place fr handwriting and t knw when it’s imprtant t use each.”
4. Why des the schl launch the initiative?
A. T help children t find the meaning f handwriting.
B. T encurage children t shw pity fr the aged.
C. T persuade children t chse prper curses.
D. T urge children t acknwledge the audience.
5. What des Paragraph 3 mainly tell us abut the schl?
A. Its after-class activities.B. Its practice in handwriting.
C. Its academic achievements.D. Its innvatin in technlgy.
6. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut handwriting?
A. It will win against technlgy.B. It will give way t technlgy.
C. It will c-exist with technlgy.D. It will cause cnfusin t peple.
7. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Handwriting prmtes the pen pal scheme
B. Slw cmmunicatin reduces misunderstanding
C. Creative ideas fr dealing with challenges gain ppularity
D. Putting pen t paper cntributes t a lve f the written wrd
C
(2023上·湖南·高三長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)) Parents have been urged t stp pretending Father Christmas is real in case the “l(fā)ie” damages relatins with their children. Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.
Psychlgist Prfessr Christpher Byle and scial scientist Dr. Kathy McKay als criticize the idea emplyed by parents—Santa Claus judges children t be nice r naughty. Writing in a well-knwn jurnal, they argue, “If they are capable f lying abut smething s special and magical, can they be relied upn t cntinue as the guardians f wisdm and truth?”
Defending the claims, Prf Byle said, “The mrality f making children believe in such myths has t be questined. All children will eventually find ut they’ve been cnsistently lied t fr years, and this might make them wnder what ther lies they’ve been tld. Whether it’s right t make children believe in Father Christmas is an interesting questin, and it’s als interesting t ask whether lying in this way will affect children in ways that have nt been cnsidered.”
Dr. McKay, frm the University f New England in Australia, said there was clear evidence frm the wrld f make-believe in mvies and TV that adults lked fr a chance t be children again. “The persistence f fandm (影迷) in stries like Harry Ptter and Star Wars indicates their desire t briefly re-enter childhd,” she said. “Hwever,” she added, “if adults have been lying abut Santa, even thugh it has usually been well intentined, what else is a lie? If Santa isn’t real, are fairies real? Is magic? Is Gd?”
They cnclude, “Many peple may lng fr a time when imaginatin was accepted and encuraged, which may nt be the case in adult life. Might it be the case that the harshness f real life requires the creatin f smething better, smething t believe in, smething t hpe fr in the future r t return t a lng-lst childhd a lng time ag in a galaxy far far away?”
8. What did parents d that drew criticism frm Dr. Kathy McKay?
A. They were fnd f Harry Ptter and Star Wars.
B. They acted as the guardians f wisdm and truth.
C. They said Santa Claus culd judge a kid t be gd r bad.
D. They have tld many lies t their children besides Santa Claus.
9. What can be implied in the passage?
A. Parents are capable f making up stries abut Santa Claus.
B. Lies abut Santa Claus can have a negative impact upn children.
C. Stries abut Santa Claus develp children’s trust in their parents.
D. Experts think it right t make children believe in Father Christmas.
10. Why are adults fnd f watching fictinal mvies?
A. They desire t return t the lng-lst childhd.
B. Everything will becme better in mvies than in real life.
C. They want t get away frm pressure frm life and wrk.
D. They didn’t watch such exciting mvies when they were yung.
11. What is the authr’s attitude tward parents’ lying abut Santa Claus?
A. Psitive.B. Indifferent.C. Disappinted.D. Cncerned.
D
(2023上·湖南·高三湖南師大附中?？茧A段練習(xí)) The streets, sidewalks and rfs f cities all absrb heat during the day, making sme urban areas acrss the United States up t 6 degrees Fahrenheit htter than rural nes during the day—and 22 degrees F htter at night. These “urban heat islands” can als develp undergrund as the city heat spreads dwnward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and ther undergrund infrastructure als cnstantly bleed heat int the surrunding earth, creating htspts. Nw the undergrund heat is building up as the planet warms.
Accrding t a new study f dwntwn Chicag, undergrund htspts may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the grund arund them expand and cntract (收縮) enugh t cause ptential damage. “Withut anyne realizing it, the city f Chicag’s dwntwn was defrming,” says the study’s authr Alessandr F. Rtta Lria, a civil and envirnmental engineer at Nrthwestern University.
The findings, published in Cmmunicatins Engineering, expse a “silent hazard (危險(xiǎn))” t civil infrastructure in cities with sft er grund — especially thse near water — Rtta Lria says. “There might have been structural issues caused by this undergrund climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While nt an immediate r direct danger t human lives, this previusly unknwn effect highlights the impacts f a lesser-knwn cmpnent f climate change.
Similar t climate change abve the surface, these undergrund changes ccur ver lng perids f time. “These effects tk decades, a century, t develp,” Rtta Lria says, adding that elevated undergrund temperatures wuld likewise take a lng time t dissipate (逐漸消失) n their wn.
But ther researchers interviewed fr this stry all say this wasted energy culd als be recycled, presenting an pprtunity t bth cl the subsurface and save n energy csts. Subway tunnels and basements culd be updated with technlgies t recapture the heat. Fr example, water pipes culd be installed t run thrugh undergrund htspts and pick up sme f the heat energy.
12. What can we learn abut the “urban heat islands”?
A. They can develp undergrund structures.B. They are impacted by glbal warming.
C. They can destry the grund arund.D. They nly exist in the United States.
13. Why des Alessandr F. Rtta Lria mentin “silent hazard” in paragraph 3?
A. T discuss structural issues.B. T categrize climate change.
C. T explain undergrund heat.D. T emphasize the neglected reality.
14. What will the authr prbably write abut in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The future f tunnels and basements.B. The reusing appraches f heat energy.
C. The cst f maintaining structures.D. The evlutin f undergrund envirnment.
15. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Warming Undergrund, Weakening SurfaceB. A Silver Lining f Glbal Warming
C. Urban Silent Islands in the MakingD. A Silent Crisis in Dwntwn Chicag
參考答案與解析
A篇
1. D 2. D 3. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)博物館以及各自的特色。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The British Museum cntains bjects frm arund the wrld, including the Rsetta Stne, with three versins f a text that helped researchers learn t read ancient Egyptian.(大英博物館收藏了來自世界各地的物品，包括羅塞塔石碑，其中有三種文本版本，幫助研究人員學(xué)習(xí)閱讀古埃及語)”可知，大英博物館容納了來自不同國(guó)家的展品。故選D。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Its virtual tur, accessible thrugh Ggle Arts & Culture, ffers views f mre recent wrks, including sme by van Ggh and Renir.(通過谷歌藝術(shù)與文化網(wǎng)站的虛擬之旅，可以看到更多的近期作品，包括梵高和雷諾阿的一些作品)”可知，保羅蓋蒂博物館適合對(duì)梵高作品感興趣的游客。故選D。
3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The virtual tur f the museum ffers a 360-degree view f the rm, allwing visitrs t lk at every piece. (虛擬的博物館之旅提供了360度的房間視野，讓游客可以看到每一件作品)”；第三段中“This setup, included in the virtual tur shws, makes the art appear almst magical. (這種設(shè)置，包括在虛擬巡回展覽中，使藝術(shù)看起來幾乎是神奇的)”；第四段中“There are als nline exhibitins such as “Artists in Their Times” which traces trends in Krean art since the late 1970s. (在網(wǎng)上也有追溯70年代末以后韓國(guó)美術(shù)動(dòng)向的“時(shí)代藝術(shù)家”等展覽)”以及最后一段中“Its virtual tur, accessible thrugh Ggle Arts & Culture, ffers views f mre recent wrks, including sme by van Ggh and Renir.(通過谷歌藝術(shù)與文化網(wǎng)站的虛擬之旅，可以看到更多的近期作品，包括梵高和雷諾阿的一些作品)”可知，列出的博物館的共同之處是可以在你自己家里參觀它們。故選C。
B篇
4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過倡議孩子手寫書信形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)了手寫的重要性，隨著科技的發(fā)展，手寫同樣是不會(huì)過時(shí)，而是與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，與科技共存。
4. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“The initiative sees children and their elderly pen pals (筆友) exchange updates abut their lives,helping t build relatinships between generatins while als giving the children an understanding f the value f writing letters by hand—an activity that's becming less and less cmmn.”(這項(xiàng)倡議看到了孩子們和他們的老筆友交流關(guān)于他們生活的最新信息，幫助建立代際關(guān)系，同時(shí)也讓孩子們了解手寫信件的價(jià)值——這種活動(dòng)越來越不常見了。)以及第二段“All f ur writing is fr a purpse. That's the key in getting children t value handwriting.”（我們所有的寫作都是有目的的。這是讓孩子們重視書法的關(guān)鍵。）可知學(xué)校發(fā)起這項(xiàng)倡議是為了幫助孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)手寫的含義。故選A項(xiàng)。
5. 段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段“The schl maintains a fcus n handwriting thrughut the years,frm dedicated handwriting classes in the prep schl t a calligraphy club ffered t the lder grups. It has created smething called the pen license. It allws yunger children t mve frm using a pencil t pen nce they've reached a certain standard.”（學(xué)校多年來一直專注于書法，從預(yù)備學(xué)校專門的書法課程到為老年群體提供的書法俱樂部。它創(chuàng)造了一種叫做鋼筆許可的東西。 它允許年幼的孩子在達(dá)到一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后，從使用鉛筆轉(zhuǎn)向使用鋼筆。）可知，第三段主要說明了這所學(xué)校在書法上的實(shí)踐。故選B項(xiàng)。
6. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“The dminance f technlgy is a challenge, she admits, but she als believes bth tls have their place." Obviusly we're cmpeting with technlgy cntinuusly. (她承認(rèn)，技術(shù)的主導(dǎo)地位是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，但她也認(rèn)為這兩種工具都有自己的位置?！帮@然，我們?cè)诓粩嗯c技術(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng))”可推知，手寫將與技術(shù)共存。故選C項(xiàng)。
7. 標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意，可知文章開篇引出了讓孩子們手寫信件的話題，然后講述了手寫的意義和重要性，最后論述了它會(huì)和科技競(jìng)爭(zhēng)共存?？梢酝茢?，Putting pen t paper cntributes t a lve f the written wrd（在紙上書寫有助于對(duì)文字的熱愛）符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。
C篇
8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。介紹了專家對(duì)于家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子依然謊稱圣誕老人存在的批評(píng)態(tài)度。專家認(rèn)為，父母謊稱圣誕老人存在的做法對(duì)于孩子今后對(duì)于大人的信任有消極影響。
8. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Psychlgist Prfessr Christpher Byle and scial scientist Dr. Kathy McKay als criticize the idea emplyed by parents—Santa Claus judges children t be nice r naughty. (心理學(xué)家Christpher Byle教授和社會(huì)科學(xué)家Kathy McKay博士也批評(píng)了父母的想法——圣誕老人會(huì)評(píng)判孩子是好是壞)”可知，圣誕老人評(píng)判孩子好壞的說法遭到了Kathy McKay博士的批評(píng)。故選C項(xiàng)。
9. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whether it’s right t make children believe in Father Christmas is an interesting questin, and it’s als interesting t ask whether lying in this way will affect children in ways that have nt been cnsidered.(讓孩子們相信圣誕老人是否正確是一個(gè)有趣的問題，同樣有趣的是，以這種方式撒謊是否會(huì)以未被考慮的方式影響孩子。)”和文章第一段的主題句“Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.(兩位專家表示，編造圣誕老人的故事可能會(huì)破壞孩子的信任，在道德上是令人難以置信的。)”推知，作者通過文章想表達(dá)關(guān)于圣誕老人的謊言對(duì)孩子們是有消極影響的。故選B項(xiàng)。
10. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The persistence f fandm(影迷) in stries like Harry Ptter and Star Wars indicates their desire t briefly re-enter childhd,(《哈利·波特》和《星球大戰(zhàn)》等故事中粉絲的持續(xù)存在表明他們渴望短暫地重新進(jìn)入童年)”可知，對(duì)于《哈利·波特》和《星球大戰(zhàn)》的持久迷戀表明成年人想再次體驗(yàn)童年樂趣。故選A項(xiàng)。
11. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.(兩位專家表示，編造圣誕老人的故事可能會(huì)破壞孩子的信任，在道德上是令人難以置信的。)”與第三段中“All children will eventually find ut they’ve been cnsistently lied t fr years, and this might make them wnder what ther lies they’ve been tld. (所有的孩子最終都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己多年來一直被欺騙，這可能會(huì)讓他們想知道自己還被說了什么謊言。)”可知，作者對(duì)于父母?jìng)儗?duì)孩子們?nèi)鲋e說圣誕老人確實(shí)存在的做法很擔(dān)憂。故選D項(xiàng)。
D篇
12. B 13. D 14. B 15. A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了地下氣候變暖對(duì)城市地面建筑的負(fù)面影響的隱蔽性與長(zhǎng)期性，以及介紹潛在的解決方案.
12. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Nw the undergrund heat is building up as the planet warms. (現(xiàn)在隨著地球變暖，地下熱量正在積聚)”可知，“城市熱島”是受到全球氣候變暖的影響。故選B。
13. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中 Alessandr F. Rtta Lria所說的““There might have been structural issues caused by this undergrund climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize(發(fā)生的這種地下氣候變化可能已經(jīng)造成了建筑結(jié)構(gòu)上的問題，我們甚至沒有意識(shí)到)”以及最后一句話“While nt an immediate r direct danger t human lives, this previusly unknwn effect highlights the impacts f a lesser-knwn cmpnent f climate change.(雖然這不是對(duì)人類生命的直接或直接威脅，但這種以前未知的影響突顯了氣候變化中一個(gè)鮮為人知的組成部分的影響)”可推知，提出“無聲的危險(xiǎn)”是想強(qiáng)調(diào)地下氣候變暖這一被人忽略的事實(shí)。故選D。
14. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“But ther researchers interviewed fr this stry all say this wasted energy culd als be recycled, presenting an pprtunity t bth cl the subsurface and save n energy csts. Subway tunnels and basements culd be updated with technlgies t recapture the heat. Fr example, water pipes culd be installed t run thrugh undergrund htspts and pick up sme f the heat energy.(但接受采訪的其他研究人員都表示，這些浪費(fèi)的能源也可以回收利用，這為冷卻地下和節(jié)省能源成本提供了機(jī)會(huì)。地鐵隧道和地下室可以更新技術(shù)以重新獲取熱量。例如，可以安裝水管穿過地下熱點(diǎn)并吸收一些熱能)”可知，該段是介紹針對(duì)地下氣候變暖提出了潛在的解決方案，即可以通過更新地鐵隧道和地下室的相關(guān)技術(shù)來回收利用熱能，并舉例了可通過安裝水管這種方法來獲取熱能。由此推知，接下來應(yīng)該是介紹對(duì)這種熱能的再使用方法。故選B。
15. 主旨大意題。通過歸納各段大意可知，本文是介紹地下氣候變暖對(duì)城市地面建筑的負(fù)面影響的隱蔽性與長(zhǎng)期性，以及介紹潛在的解決方案。由此可知，“地下變暖，地表變?nèi)酢边m合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選A。
項(xiàng)目
年份 卷別
語篇類型
題型
應(yīng)用文
記敘文
說明文
議論文
細(xì)節(jié)理解
推理判斷
主旨要義
詞義猜測(cè)
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全國(guó)甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全國(guó)乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全國(guó)甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全國(guó)乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全國(guó)甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全國(guó)乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全國(guó)I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全國(guó)Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2

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