TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc151737141" 考點歸納 PAGEREF _Tc151737141 \h 1
\l "_Tc151737142" 考點01 -ing分詞 PAGEREF _Tc151737142 \h 1
\l "_Tc151737143" 考點02 過去分詞 PAGEREF _Tc151737143 \h 3
\l "_Tc151737144" 考點03 動詞不定式 PAGEREF _Tc151737144 \h 4
\l "_Tc151737145" 高考練場 PAGEREF _Tc151737145 \h 5
\l "_Tc151737146" 考點01 -ing分詞 PAGEREF _Tc151737146 \h 5
\l "_Tc151737147" 考點02 過去分詞 PAGEREF _Tc151737147 \h 6
\l "_Tc151737148" 考點03 動詞不定式 PAGEREF _Tc151737148 \h 7
考點歸納
考點01 -ing分詞
【考點詮釋】
-ing 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞形式一樣，都是由 v+ing 構(gòu)成，但是在句子中的作用不一樣，動名詞是動詞非謂語形式的一種，動名詞兼有動詞和名詞的特征：在句中可以用作主語、表語、賓語和定語?，F(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語、定語、表語、賓補。
-ing 分詞構(gòu)成一覽表(以動詞d為例)
語法填空題考查-ing分詞的五個命題切入點：
1.考查介詞后的動詞用-ing分詞：根據(jù)英語語法，介詞后接動詞作賓語時，用作賓語的動詞原則上要用動名詞。
2.考查習(xí)慣上后接-ing分詞作賓語的動詞：有些動詞后常用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式，主要有admit, advise, allw, appreciate, avid, cnsider, delay, dislike, enjy, escape, finish, frbid, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice, suggest等。
3.考查具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ed分詞與-ing分詞的區(qū)別：有些動詞的-ed分詞和-ing分詞具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，但由于它們用法區(qū)別很大，且在使用時常常用錯，它也是考查的重點之一。
4.考查-ing分詞派生名詞的用法：由動詞派出來的-ing分詞有時可以名詞化，變成名詞——這也是高考英語語法填空的考點之一。
5.考查-ing分詞派生副詞的用法：具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ing分詞，原則上不能直接修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞，此種情況下，應(yīng)考慮將具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ing分詞變成副詞，即在其后加上副詞后綴-ly。
【典例1】
(2023下·湖南常德·高三常德市一中校考階段練習(xí)) Actually, Zhangjiajie, 3 (hnred) as “the mst fantastic muntain under heaven” and “a walking Chinese landscape painting”, is als 4 (widely) praised as “an enlarged ptted landscaping” “a mini fairyland” and “a maze (迷宮) f nature”, (attract) a grwing number f turists at hme and abrad.
【詳解】attracting 考查非謂語動詞。句意：事實上，張家界被譽為“天下第一奇山”和“行走的中國山水畫”，也被廣泛贊譽為“一個放大的盆栽景觀”“一個迷你仙境”“一個自然迷宮”，吸引著越來越多的國內(nèi)外游客。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空處表示隨著句子行為自然發(fā)生的結(jié)果，作結(jié)果狀語，因此應(yīng)用attract的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填attracting。
1.為了方便理解，先簡化句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：Zhangjiajie, ... is als 4 (widely) praised as ...；
2.由語境可判斷此處表示“吸引著越來越多的國內(nèi)外游客”，故應(yīng)用做結(jié)果狀語；
3.此空用attract的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，表示某行為自然發(fā)生的結(jié)果，故應(yīng)用attracting。
【變式1-1】(2023上·湖南·高三雅禮中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))
The latte, (feature) the icnic Mutai label, cntains less than 0.5 percent alchl by vlume and is infused with 53-degree Mutai.
【變式1-2】(2023上·湖南·高三長郡中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))
Giuffre spent arund tw years (make) the bk accessible 5 (t) Maltese readers.
【變式1-3】(2023上·廣東汕頭·高三汕頭市潮陽實驗學(xué)校?？计谥?
“There was a lt f 4 (diversity), with everyne frm little children t prfessinals (submit) prpsals.” said Alexis,
【變式1-4】(2023秋·江蘇南京·高三南京外國語學(xué)校?？奸_學(xué)考試)
Kwkui’s exceptinally large leaves ften lead t its (mistake) fr “vegetable” by first-time viewers, but this “king” f green tea in Fang’s eyes beats ther 6 (varieties) at mre than just size.
考點02 過去分詞
【考點詮釋】
過去分詞會考它的一般式(dne)和將來式(t be dne)，它僅僅表示被動或完成的意思。從歷年的高考題來看，主要考查過去分詞作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語等。
1.作表語：過去分詞作表語相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征或情感變化。這時一定要注意它與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別，因為它們形式上完全相同。
2.作定語，需要注意：如果是單個過去分詞作定語修飾名詞的時候，要把它放在被修飾的名詞前面；如果是過去分詞短語修飾名詞的時候，過去分詞短語要放在被修飾的名詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。
3.作賓語補足語：過去分詞作賓補，對賓語的意義和狀態(tài)進行補充說明。它和賓語是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，或稱為被動關(guān)系。
4.作狀語：可表示時間、原因、條件、讓步或伴隨狀況等意義，這時它相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。這種分詞短語作狀語時,句子的主語是過去分詞動作的承受者或非發(fā)出者。
【典例2】
(2023上·湖南·高三長郡中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)) The publicatin was partially financed by the Malta Bk Fund, an initiative (launch) by the Natinal Bk Cuncil and the China Cultural Centre in Malta.
【詳解】launched 考查非謂語動詞。句意：這本書的出版得到了馬耳他圖書基金的部分資助，該基金是由馬耳他國家圖書委員會和馬耳他中國文化中心發(fā)起的。分析句子可知，launch (發(fā)起)作后置定語修飾名詞initiative，是非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語initiative之間是被動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)句中的時態(tài)來看，launch這一動作已經(jīng)完成，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞，表示被動和完成。故填launched。
1.由語境可判斷，此處應(yīng)該是后置定語，修飾前面的名詞an initiative；
2.launch (發(fā)起)與其邏輯主語initiative之間是被動關(guān)系。
3.根據(jù)句中的時態(tài)來看，launch這一動作已經(jīng)完成，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞，表示被動和完成。
【變式2-1】(2023上·湖南·高三湖南師大附中校考階段練習(xí))
A lng time ag, there was a muntain (name) “Chengdu Zaitian” in the vast wilderness.
【變式2-2】(2023·山東·山東省實驗中學(xué)?？级?
Therefre, every participant needs t have their dcuments (translate) in bth languages.
【變式2-3】(2023上·福建廈門·高三廈門一中?？计谥?
(add) t UNESCO’s Wrld Heritage List in 1985, the district is enclsed by 900-year-ld walls built f red sandstne that nce 3 (defended) the city against danger.
【變式2-4】(2023上·重慶巴南·高三重慶市實驗中學(xué)校考期中)
This past summer I lived in Rme, Italy fr six weeks thrugh a prgram (call) Study Abrad Italy.
考點03 動詞不定式
【考點詮釋】
在學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動詞時，動詞不定式是語法學(xué)習(xí)的一個重點，也是一個難點。在英語語法中占有非常重要的地位，是高考必考點之一。結(jié)合近幾年高考英語試題來看，對不定式的考查主要體現(xiàn)在動詞不定式作定語、賓語、表語、狀語，動詞不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。
1.不定式作定語時，要記住這個規(guī)律：①如果動作是由句子主語發(fā)出的，那么就用動詞不定式的主動形式；如果動作不是句子主語發(fā)出的，就用動詞不定式的被動形式。②如果動作沒有發(fā)生，用動詞不定式作定語；若動作完成了則用過去分詞作定語；若動作正在進行則用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。
2.動詞不定式與動詞ing形式作主語或賓語時，有時是沒有區(qū)別的，但有時卻是大不相同。常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有refuse, affrd, want, help, agree, arrange, ask, decide, prmise, intend, attempt等。
3.動詞不定式作表語，通常表示具體的或?qū)淼膭幼鳌?br>4.動詞不定式主要用作目的狀語通常放在句首，放在句子末尾的時候，不用逗號隔開，只有nly t d作結(jié)果狀語時才用逗號與前面內(nèi)容隔開。
【典例3】
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建省福州第一中學(xué)?？奸_學(xué)考試) “When I was little, I was always enchanted by buildings,” said Edna Blaise, 29, frm Haiti, “but nt until I started my jurney in China did I realize Chinese architecture has s many things (ffer).”
【詳解】t ffer 考查非謂語動詞。句意：但直到我開始我的中國之旅，我才意識到中國建筑有這么多可提供給我們的東西。分析句子可知，has是句中謂語動詞，ffer是非謂語動詞，作后置定語修飾名詞many things，表示尚未發(fā)生的事情，用不定式作后置定語。故填t ffer。
1.由語境可判斷，此處應(yīng)該是后置定語，修飾前面的名詞many things；
2.ffer (提供)與其邏輯主語many things之間是被動關(guān)系，此處用主動形式表被動。
【變式3-1】(2023上·山東德州·高三德州市第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))
Additinally, the ceremny used a large number f drne perfrmances (create) a stunning visual spectacle.
【變式3-2】(2023·湖北襄陽·襄陽四中?？既?
“It is f vital imprtance t get this infrmatin easy (understand) and btainable fr the public.” he said, adding he lked frward t seeing mre cperatin between Malaysia and China in diverse fields.
【變式3-3】(2023上·湖北荊州·高三沙市中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))
When curtyards were built with taller buildings in the nrth 8 (and) shrter walls facing east and west in the suth, it allwed the maximum amunt f sunlight (warm) the building during the winter mnths.
【變式3-4】(2023·浙江·德清縣高級中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測)
The Yungang Grttes in Shanxi prvince als have 3D “digital archives”, which allw precius cultural relics and histrical archives 10 (preserve) permanently.
高考練場
I. 單句語法填空
考點01 -ing分詞
1. (2023年新高考英語全國I卷) N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _________ (want) mre next time.
2. (2023年新高考英語全國II卷) They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t ________ (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.
3. (2023年新高考英語全國甲卷) “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, 44 (where) all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
4. (2023年新高考英語全國乙卷) (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I 67 (was amazed) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遺產(chǎn)) while cnstantly grwing.
5. (2023年新高考英語全國乙卷) As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years (recrd) everything I discvered.
6. (2022年新高考英語全國I卷) (cver) an area abut three times 57 (the) size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
7. (2022年新高考英語全國II卷) When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (陽臺), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the (fall) child.
8. (2022年新高考英語全國甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilmeters 69 (frm) Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept. 20, ________ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
9. (2022年新高考英語全國乙卷) 68 (T strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple,the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
10. (2021年新高考英語全國I卷) Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure 62 ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur (ache) legs.
11. (2021年新高考英語全國甲卷) After _________ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
12. (2021年新高考英語全國乙卷) ? Minimize the impact f ________ (visit) the place.
13. (2020年新高考英語全國全國I卷) As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模擬) and imagine themselves living at a different time in histry r ________ (walk) thrugh a rainfrest.
14. (2020年新高考英語全國全國III卷) And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds _________ (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
15. (2019年新課標(biāo)全國I卷) Scientists have respnded by ________ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating (聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin (錯覺) that ppulatins are higher than they actually are.
16. (2019年新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ卷) A 90-year-ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year” fr ________ (be) Britain’s ldest full-time emplyee--- still wrking 40 hurs a week.
考點02 過去分詞
1. (2023年新高考英語全國I卷) Shanghai may be the __________ (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace.
2. (2023年新高考英語全國甲卷) Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message _________ (intend) fr everyne.
3. (2023年新高考英語全國乙卷) Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build) system f ring rads.
4. (2022年新高考英語全國甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ________ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
5. (2022年新高考英語全國乙卷) “ It can help t build a cmmunity with a _______ (share) future fr mankind,” he said.
6. (2021年新高考英語全國I卷) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us ___________ (astnish).
7. (2021年新高考英語全國乙卷) It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme __________ (educate) abut the areas
8. (2018·全國卷Ⅲ) I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel ___________ (challenge).
9. (全國Ⅰ) But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid－1980s, when I was the first Western TV reprter _________ (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
考點03 動詞不定式
1. (2023年新高考英語全國I卷) T eat ne, yu have t decide whether ______ (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill
2. (2023年新高考英語全國I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them ___________ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
3. (2023年新高考英語全國甲卷) Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) —________ (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm.
4. (2022年新高考英語全國甲卷) A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step __________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路線) by ft.
5. (2022年新高考英語全國I卷) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
6. (2022年新高考英語全國I卷) He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ______ (see) them.
7. (2022年新高考英語全國乙卷) __________ (strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial
8. (2021年新高考英語全國II卷) I decided t d smething __________ (educate) peple abut this prblem.
9. (2021年新高考英語全國甲卷) It is pssible ________ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
10. (2021年新高考英語全國乙卷) Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking (遠足) and accmmdatins aim ________ (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
11. (2020年高考英語全國I卷) Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
12. (2020年高考英語全國II卷) These days, it is nt unusual fr 10-t 12-year-lds t publish their wn websites r fr secnd and third graders ________ (begin) cmputer classes.
13. (2020年高考英語全國III卷) The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut (find) the well-knwn painter.
14. (2019年高考英語III卷) On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take ______ (get) there.
15. (2019年高考英語·浙江卷) But sme students didn’t want ________ (wear) the unifrm.
16. (2019年高考英語·江蘇卷) _________ (enjy) the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
17. (2018年高考英語·全國卷Ⅰ)Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng _______ (see) the benefit.
18. (2018年高考英語·全國卷Ⅱ) The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___________ (imprve) water quality.
19. (2018年高考英語·全國卷Ⅲ) Once his message was delivered, he allwed me _______ (stay) and watch.
20. (新課標(biāo)高考英語全國Ⅰ) It tk years f wrk __________ (reduce) the industrial pllutin and clean the water.
II.語篇填空：
第二節(jié) 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或所給單詞的正確形式。
(2023上·重慶·高三重慶巴蜀中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))
Fall marks cricket fighting seasn in China, a sprt 1 (believe) t date back mre than a millennium. In recent years, it’s gained 2 (ppular) with new generatins.
Here’s 3 the game wrks. Tw crickets —always males are weighed t the clsest hundredth f a gram 4 then paired ff by weight class. They 5 (place) in a clear plastic ring nearly the size f a dinner plate, with a dividing wall 6 (separate) the tw insects. A referee signals g time, then slides ut the ring divider t let the bugs face ff.
The wners pke a special reed (蘆葦) in t brush their crickets, which drives them t fight. A referee clsely mnitrs the tiny fighters, nting 7 number f attacks and retreats. Cricket enthusiasts wax petic abut a certain prvince because f the fierceness f its six-legged fighters. Ningyang cunty in Shandng prduces especially desired bugs, the sale f which brings 8 abut 600 millin yuan in revenue a year.
Zha Jiuling is a 9 (cmmit) cricket cmpetitr. Each night, he cks a nutritius meal f grain and bean pwder fr crickets. “They’re very 10 (pick) abut bth their fd and mates,” he said. “Smetimes they dn’t like each ther. Dmestic vilence happens bth ways. Smetimes the females eat the males,” he added.
時態(tài)
主動形式
被動形式
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
否定式
否定詞 (nt / never) + -ing

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