【熱點(diǎn)題型歸納+演變】2024年高考英語(yǔ)專題訓(xùn)練專題06 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題-試卷-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

細(xì)節(jié)理解題是指原文提到了某事物，現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對(duì)原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。一般包括直接信息題、直接理解題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、排列順序題、圖表圖畫題等。這類題型是目前閱讀理解中考查最多的題型，其中前三種是高考英語(yǔ)中?？嫉念}型，后兩種近年考查較少。
盡管近幾年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀試題中推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，但細(xì)節(jié)題仍占有較大比例，而且已由過去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題，轉(zhuǎn)向通過語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加。
考查文章細(xì)節(jié)理解的測(cè)試題的常見問題：
① This article is particularly written fr
② When the writer says … he really means
③ The authr’s attitude t… is that
④ What kind f atmsphere des the writer want t create in this passage?
⑤ The writer regards… as
⑥ The writer’s purpse in writing this stry is ...
高考細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要分直接辨認(rèn)和間接辨認(rèn)兩種。
1.直接辨認(rèn)：細(xì)節(jié)的直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對(duì)客觀事實(shí)作解釋或判斷，只要求他們從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，要求學(xué)生記住重要的細(xì)節(jié)，在需要的時(shí)候能準(zhǔn)確而迅速地將他們回憶出來(lái)。
2.間接辨認(rèn)：間接辨認(rèn)不僅要求讀者能從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，還要將獲得的信息進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換，用同義或近義的形式復(fù)述出來(lái)，為閱讀材料中某些詞匯、短語(yǔ)及句型等找到正確的英語(yǔ)釋義，以檢測(cè)考生的句義復(fù)述能力。
題型歸納
題型01 直接信息題
【題型詮釋】
對(duì)于直接信息題，學(xué)生可以首先從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查閱的技巧在原文中直接找到明確的信息，往往只考查文章中的個(gè)別事實(shí)，通常只涉及原文一兩句話的信息。也就是說(shuō)，命題者設(shè)置的題目比較直接，理解字面意思即可作答。該題型幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或是其變體，大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細(xì)節(jié)。
做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比，找出答案。
【典例1】(2023上·江蘇南通·高三如皋市搬經(jīng)中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中)
Welcme t ur stand-up cmedy classes
This is the wrkshp where beginners have grwn int headliners and headliners have grwn int stars. Our wrkshp stresses stand-up cmedy writing and perfrming — the tw key cmpnents f stand-up cmedy.
Our classes are cnducted by award-winning, cmedy directr and writer Stephen Rsenfield and his stand-up staff. They are cnducted s that when it’s time fr yur club perfrmance, yu will have slidly written, funny material and yu will be well rehearsed and ready t perfrm beynd yur expectatins. These stand-up cmedy classes are ffered t bth beginners and advanced students. The wrkshp cnsists f grup classes, private caching sessins and a perfrmance at Gtham r West Side Cmedy Club.
Seats available: 2
Start date: May 17th
In-persn shw: May 20th at Gtham Cmedy Club
Live streamed shw: May 22nd n YuTube
Fees:
If yu are a first time student: $410. If yu are a returning student: $350.
We accept cash, checks r credit cards.
Yur instructr: Becky Veducci
Becky has been a prfessinal cmedian, writer and actress fr ver 15 years. She has perfrmed stand-up cmedy in New Yrk, Ls Angeles, Las Vegas and Lndn. Besides, she has appeared in cmmercials, theater and feature films. And she cmpeted in the 2018 seasn f America’s GtTalent.
Her film wrks include Return t Me, Maid in Manhattan and Randm Hearts. As a writer, she was chsen as ne f Parenting. cm’s tp five “Favrite Mmmy Blggers” fr her humrus articles n the website. In 2015, she wn the New Yrk Press Club Award fr humrus writing. As an instructr, Becky has taught stand-up cmedy t every age grup — frm elementary schl kids and teenagers t university students and adults. She believes everyne has a cmedic vice.
1. What can be learned abut the wrkshp?
A. There are three seats left at present.B. It fcuses n bth writing and acting.
C. There are nline shws n May 20th.D. It is specially designed fr headliners.
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Our wrkshp stresses stand-up cmedy writing and perfrming — the tw key cmpnents f stand-up cmedy. (我們的研討班強(qiáng)調(diào)單口喜劇的寫作和表演，這是單口喜劇的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵組成部分。)”可知，研討班專注于寫作和表演。故選B項(xiàng)。
2. Hw much will a returning student save n the fee?
A. $10.B. $50.C. $60.D. $80.
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Fees部分中“If yu are a first time student: $410. If yu are a returning student: $350. (如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。)”可知，老生可以節(jié)省60美元的學(xué)費(fèi)。故選C項(xiàng)。
題型02 直接理解題
【題型詮釋】
細(xì)節(jié)類閱讀理解題，一般只針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣。其中的直接理解題，在原文中可以直接找到答案。因此所選答案一定要符合原文，這里的符合原文是指所選答案有下列特征：1. 是原文的再現(xiàn)；2. 是原文的改寫；3. 是原文的簡(jiǎn)化。
這類題主要形式有廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時(shí)刻表等。做這類題時(shí)沒有必要閱讀全文，宜采用“題干定位法”。根據(jù)題干中提供的信息，快速?gòu)脑闹姓业较鄳?yīng)的信息。
【典例2】(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))
Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a secluded shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
22. What can yu learn frm the passage?
A. Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the mst ecnmic way t experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
D. Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs. (多日徒步旅行無(wú)疑是體驗(yàn)戶外美景的最身臨其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以讓你與自然進(jìn)行深入的交流。故選A項(xiàng)。
題型03 間接信息題
【題型詮釋】
間接信息題一般無(wú)法在文中直接找到明確的信息，因?yàn)槠浯鸢高x項(xiàng)的表述通常不是使用文章的原話，而是使用與文中同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。考生需對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理，然后再進(jìn)一步推理鑒別；做這類題目時(shí)，學(xué)生需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理，然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別，這是介于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型，對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)有一定難度。
做這類題時(shí)學(xué)生可運(yùn)用排除法，將“無(wú)此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)提前排除。
【典例3】(2023上·江蘇蘇州·高三蘇州中學(xué)?？计谥? The lder I get, the mre I understand hw my teachers have transfrmed my life.
On a recent Sunday afternn, I went t see Mr. C at Rxbury Park in Beverly Hills. His lve f life has nt faded despite the fact that his legs n lnger wrk like they used t. He visited sme f his frmer students while he was in twn. At Beverly Hills High Schl, Mr. C taught ancient histry, cached ftball and glf, and risked his life teaching driver’s training n Saturday mrnings frm 1964 t 1988. The nw gray students lined up ne after anther t thank their favrite teacher. One called him a rck star. Anther thanked him fr knwing he needed help when he culdn’t say s. It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times f severe teacher shrtages.
Mr. C deserves ur lve. T say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed wh I thught I culd be. Rather than seeing myself as a lser cheerleader wh culdn’t cmpete with the smart kids, I realized hw much I lved learning. His histry class was s interesting. In his classes abut the Persians, Greeks, and Rmans, extra credits can be earned fr creativity. During earthquake drills, we cunted n Mr. C t scream his head ff in pretended terrr.
It shuld cme as little surprise that I’d value the rle f teachers in my life. Bth f my parents taught; s did my brthers, aunts, uncles and cusins. I, t, have becme a teacher and I try t fllw in Mr. C’s ftsteps. Sme days, I fantasize what it wuld be like t g n a teacher tur, reaching ut t my mentrs t express my deep gratitude fr all they’ve given me. Seeing Mr. C sparked that fantasy again. When I finally wrked up my curage t thank him, knwing a fldgate f tears wuld pen, he said t me with his typical mdesty, “Yu were ding me mre gd than I was ding yu.”
4. Why was the tribute t Mr. C particularly tuching?
A. Mr. C’s passin fr life dimmed due t injuries.
B. Mr. C wrked hard when schl was shrt-handed.
C. Mr. C was treated as a rck star by his clleagues.
D. Mr. C risked his life in teaching ftball and glf.
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times f severe teacher shrtages. (這是一個(gè)美麗的致敬，特別是在這個(gè)教師嚴(yán)重短缺的時(shí)代。)”可知，對(duì)C先生的致敬特別感人是因?yàn)镃先生在學(xué)校人手不足時(shí)努力工作。故選B。
5. Which is nt the reasn why Mr. C became a belved teacher?
A. His histry class was engaging.B. He cached students in earthquake drills.
C. He encuraged innvative ideas.D. He sparked students’ interest in learning.
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Mr. C deserves ur lve. T say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed wh I thught I culd be. Rather than seeing myself as a lser cheerleader wh culdn’t cmpete with the smart kids, I realized hw much I lved learning. His histry class was s interesting. In his classes abut the Persians, Greeks, and Rmans, extra credits can he earned fr creativity. During earthquake drills, we cunted n Mr. C t scream his head ff in pretended terrr.(C先生值得我們愛。說(shuō)C先生改變了我的生活是輕描淡寫的。我是說(shuō)他改變了我對(duì)自己的看法。我不再把自己看作是一個(gè)無(wú)法與聰明的孩子競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的失敗者啦啦隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，而是意識(shí)到我是多么熱愛學(xué)習(xí)。他的歷史課很有趣。在他關(guān)于波斯人、希臘人和羅馬人的課程中，他可以因創(chuàng)造力而獲得額外的學(xué)分。地震演習(xí)時(shí)，我們指望C先生假裝害怕地尖叫。)”可知，C先生并沒有在地震演習(xí)中訓(xùn)練學(xué)生。故選B。
題型04 數(shù)字計(jì)算題
【題型詮釋】
數(shù)字計(jì)算題也是近幾年高考中常考的內(nèi)容，此類試題是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出來(lái)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，有的要經(jīng)過具體的計(jì)算才能夠得出正確的答案。具體的計(jì)算題可以是對(duì)年代的計(jì)算、月份的計(jì)算或比例的計(jì)算等。文章中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們對(duì)解題產(chǎn)生一定的影響。
解答此類試題的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算等就能夠得出正確的答案。
【典例4】(2023上·重慶沙坪壩·高三重慶八中校考階段練習(xí)) Benefiting frm the 5,000 years histry, many ancient cities exist in the vast land f China. Here are 4 ancient cities in China and each has their unique features.
Shangqiu Ancient City
●Histry: 4,000 years
●Opening Hurs: 08:00-17:30 in winter; 08:00-18: 00 in summer
●Ticket Price: ￥70 per cmb ticket (組合票)
Situated in the Yellw River Valley, Shangqiu area is cnsidered the birthplace f Chinese civilizatin. The best time t visit it is arund the Chinese New Year, when the grandest temple fair at Shangqiu is held t wrship the Gd f Fire.
Ancient City f Pingya
●Histry: 2,700 years
●Opening Hurs: 08: 00-17: 30
●Ticket Price: Free entry
It has n charming landscape, green muntains r clear waters. What is unique there is the well-pre served ancient city with a grand City Wall, traditinal residences, time-hnred shps, and even the previus gvernment ffice.
Fenghuang Ancient Twn
●Histry: 467 years
●Opening Hurs: all day;08: 00-17: 30 fr Tu River day cruise;18: 00-22: 30 fr night cruise
●Ticket Price: Free entry
Cnstructed in 1556, Fenghuang Ancient Twn is anther histrical city in China knwn fr ethnic diversity. Generatins f Mia, Tujia and Han peple live here, and it nw accmmdates28 ethnic grups in ttal.
Huizhu Ancient City
●Histry: 2,240 years
●Opening Hurs: 08: 00-17: 00
●Ticket Price: ￥95 fr ne adult; ￥140 fr ne adult and ne child; ￥230 fr tw adults and ne child. Huizhu Ancient City is famus fr its unique architectural style since the ld days. The Huizhu-style building is ne f the mst imprtant architectural schls in China, using bricks, wd, and stnes as the raw materials.
23. Hw much will a family f a cuple and a child pay fr Huizhu Ancient City?
A. ￥95.B. ￥140.C. ￥230.D. ￥235.
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Huizhu Ancient City中的“Ticket Price: ￥95 fr ne adult; ￥140 fr ne adult and ne child; ￥230 fr tw adults and ne child (票價(jià)：成人95元；成人1人、兒童1人140元；2名成人和1名兒童230元)”可知，一對(duì)夫婦，即兩名成年人和一個(gè)孩子共支付230元。故選C項(xiàng)。
題型05 排列順序題
【題型詮釋】
排序題要求考生根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順序。如果是記敘文，排序題通常以事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間為線索；如果是說(shuō)明文，排序題通常以說(shuō)明的先后順序?yàn)榫€索；如果是議論文，排序題通常以邏輯順序?yàn)榫€索。從近幾年高考試題來(lái)看，這類試題主要出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說(shuō)明文中。近幾年高考英語(yǔ)題中，這類試題出現(xiàn)較少，但也需要引起學(xué)生注意。
解答此類試題的方法：可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。
【典例5】(2023上·湖北·高三華中師大一附中校考期中) With the availability f easy-t-use at-hme kits, DNA testing fr dgs has becme increasingly ppular amng dg wners in recent years. It can prvide invaluable insights int a dg’s breed, health risks, and even behavirs.
DNA testing typically wrks by analyzing the genetic material fund in a sample f cells taken frm the inside f yur dg’s cheek. This sample is then cmpared t a database f knwn breeds and genetic markers assciated with certain traits r health cnditins.
The first step in btaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type yu want. Mst cmpanies ffer several different types f tests that vary in cst and cmplexity. Fr instance, sme tests just analyze yur dg’s breed cmpsitin, while thers can assess additinal genetic markers assciated with certain diseases r behavirs.
Then it’s time t cllect yur dg’s sample using the prvided swab (拭子) kit r saliva-cllectin tube included with mst kits. The swab shuld be gently rubbed inside yur pet’s cheek accrding t the kit’s directins befre being placed int the cllectin cntainer prvided by the cmpany. After cllecting the sample, it shuld be mailed back t the labratry fr prcessing accrding t instructins given by the cmpany prviding the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks fr results t be prcessed and sent back via email r mail. Results will vary depending n which type f test was purchased, but they generally include detailed infrmatin abut yur pet’s breed cmpsitin as well as any ptential health risks r behaviral traits assciated with their genetics that culd affect their verall well-being and quality f life.
If yu’re lking fr an easy way t learn mre abut yur pup’s backgrund withut spending t much mney, then DNA testing might just be right up yur alley.
10. What is the crrect rder f having an DNA test?
①get the sample prcessed ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result
④select the type f test ⑤place the swab int the cntainer ⑥mail the sample back t the lab
A. ④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③B. ④ ⑤-①-②-⑥-③
C. ②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③D. ②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題中的排列順序題。根據(jù)第三段“The first step in btaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type yu want. (獲得DNA檢測(cè)試劑盒的第一步是選擇你想要的類型。)”和第四段“Then it’s time t cllect yur dg’s sample using the prvided swab (拭子) kit r saliva-cllectin tube included with mst kits. The swab shuld be gently rubbed inside yur pet’s cheek accrding t the kit’s directins befre being placed int the cllectin cntainer prvided by the cmpany. After cllecting the sample, it shuld be mailed back t the labratry fr prcessing accrding t instructins given by the cmpany prviding the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks fr results t be prcessed and sent back via email r mail. Results will vary depending n which type f test was purchased, but they generally include detailed infrmatin abut yur pet’s breed cmpsitin as well as any ptential health risks r behaviral traits assciated with their genetics that culd affect their verall well-being and quality f life.(然后是時(shí)候使用大多數(shù)試劑盒中提供的拭子試劑盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗的樣本了。在將拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，應(yīng)根據(jù)試劑盒的指示在寵物的臉頰內(nèi)輕輕擦拭。采集樣本后，應(yīng)根據(jù)提供服務(wù)的公司的指示將樣本郵寄回實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行處理。一旦實(shí)驗(yàn)室收到結(jié)果，通常需要1-2周的時(shí)間來(lái)處理并通過電子郵件或郵件發(fā)回。根據(jù)購(gòu)買的測(cè)試類型，結(jié)果會(huì)有所不同，但通常包括有關(guān)寵物品種組成的詳細(xì)信息，以及任何潛在的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或與其基因相關(guān)的行為特征，這些信息可能會(huì)影響寵物的整體健康和生活質(zhì)量。)”可知，做DNA檢測(cè)的順序應(yīng)該是：④選擇測(cè)試類型，②輕輕擦拭拭子，⑤將拭子放入容器，⑥將樣本郵寄回實(shí)驗(yàn)室，①處理樣本，③接收結(jié)果。故選A。
題型06 圖表圖畫題
【題型詮釋】
在有圖表圖畫的閱讀理解中，有的圖表圖畫出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解文章中，有的出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，這些圖片的出現(xiàn)增加了試題的直觀性，同時(shí)也暗含著和文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。學(xué)生應(yīng)該把握準(zhǔn)圖表圖畫中的一些細(xì)微處，找準(zhǔn)和題干相關(guān)的信息，不得疏忽。
解答此類試題的時(shí)候, 一定要把握?qǐng)D表圖畫中所暗含的信息, 特別是有些事實(shí)是通過圖片來(lái)敘述的, 我們可以采用按圖尋找正確答案的方法。
【典例6】(2023上·山東青島·高三山東省青島第五十八中學(xué)?？计谥?
Bringing Gds int the UK
Yu are allwed t bring sme gds fr persnal use withut paying tax r duty.
Arrivals frm EU cuntries
Yu can bring gds frm EU cuntries withut being charged tax r duty if they are:
●transprted by yurself; ●a gift r fr persnal use; ●bught with tax and duty included
Yu can bring alchl and tbacc frm EU cuntries withut restrictin but an inquiry might be required depending n the amunt f yur gds.
Arrivals frm utside the EU
Yu will be free f duty r tax n certain amunts f gds brught frm utside the EU, as lng as they are fr yur wn use. Any gds that are beynd yur allwance shuld be declared.
Alchl & tbacc allwance
※There are n duty-free allwances fr tbacc r alchl if yu’re under 17.
Allwance fr ther gds:
The maximum value f ther gds yu can bring is ￡390. Any single item that is wrth mre than the allwance will be charged duty r tax n its full value.
The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is:
●2.5% fr gds wrth up t ￡630;
●decided by the type f gds wrth abve ￡630-check by calling the VAT, Custms and Excise Helpline.
Inside the UK; 0300 200 3700
Outside the UK: +44 2920 501 261
Wrking time: 8 am t 6 pm, Mnday t Friday,
Banned and restricted gds
Gds banned include:
●illegal drugs; ●ffensive weapns; ●endangered animal and plant species;
●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.
Fd and plant prducts restricted include;
●prducts cntaining pests and diseases;
●prducts grwn utside the EU;
●prducts nt fr yur wn use.
We reserve the right t seize the gds which are n suspicin f vilating intellectual prperty rights.
4. Which f the fllwing prducts frm utside the EU has the largest duty-free allwance?
A. Beer.B. Wine (nt sparkling wine).
C. Spirits.D. Alchlic drinks.
【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Alchl & tbacc allwance 表格中“Beer：16 litres(啤酒：16升)”是所有商品中數(shù)額最大的，故“啤酒”這種來(lái)自歐盟以外的產(chǎn)品有最大的免稅額度。故選A。
5. Hw much tax shall ne cming frm China pay fr a ring bught in America wrth ￡500?
A. ￡2. 75B. ￡12.5C. ￡110.D. ￡130.
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) “The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is: ●2.5% fr gds wrth up t ￡630(超過免稅額的物品的稅率為：●630英鎊以下的商品價(jià)格為2.5%)”可知，一個(gè)來(lái)自中國(guó)的人在美國(guó)買一枚價(jià)值500英鎊的戒指要交稅500*2.5%=12.5英鎊。故選B。
6. Which f the fllwing items shall be banned r restricted?
A. A set f Russian dlls.B. A bttle f French wine.
C. A brick f Australian cheese.D. A package f Spanish cigarettes.
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Gds banned include: ●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.(禁止的商品包括：來(lái)自大多數(shù)非歐盟國(guó)家的肉類和奶制品)”可知，澳大利亞奶酪磚會(huì)被禁止帶入。故選C。
高考練場(chǎng)
題型01 直接信息題
(2023年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)I卷A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears (排擋), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
22. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定價(jià)表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數(shù)每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。
23. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場(chǎng)出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開始)”可知，導(dǎo)游城市之旅從大壩廣場(chǎng)開始。故選D。
題型02 直接理解題
(2023年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)甲卷B篇) Terri Bltnis a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
She credits these skills t her late grandfather and builder Derek Llyd. Frm the age f six, Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day’s wrk was rewarded with ￡ 5 in pcket mney. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much f a help t start with painting the rms and putting dwn the flring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks and is was backbreaking wrk, but I knw he was prud f my skills.”
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy (租期) cmes t an end. She adds: “I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures. S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver that cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne. The average spend per prject will be arund ￡ 823. Tw thirds f peple aim t imprve their cmfrt while at hme. Tw fifth wish t increase the value f their huse. Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.
26. Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A. By making it lk like befre.B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a rmmate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut. (所以，當(dāng)我搬出去時(shí)，知道如何掩蓋漏洞并重新粉刷房間以避免任何費(fèi)用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通過粉飾房間，讓它看起來(lái)像以前一樣，來(lái)避免被扣除租房的押金的。故選A。
27. What trend in DIY des the research shw?
A. It is becming mre cstly.B. It is getting mre time-cnsuming.
C. It is turning int a seasnal industry.D. It is gaining ppularity amng females.
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章最后一段“the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge (研究表明，現(xiàn)在是女性主導(dǎo)了這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，研究表明，DIY將在女性中越來(lái)越受歡迎。故選D。
題型03 間接信息題
(2023年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)乙卷C) What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (癡迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
28. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.D. It deserves a high reputatin.
【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting?”（當(dāng)你想到英國(guó)食物時(shí)，你會(huì)想到什么？你可能想到的是炸魚薯?xiàng)l，或是一肉兩菜的周日晚餐。但是，英國(guó)食物真的如此無(wú)趣嗎？）可知，提及英國(guó)食物，大家往往只是想到炸魚薯?xiàng)l和周日烤肉，所以人們通常會(huì)覺得英國(guó)食物平平無(wú)奇。故選A項(xiàng)。
30. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（幾乎三分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在使用的配料比以前更多，將近四分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在購(gòu)買的配料質(zhì)量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故選D項(xiàng)。
題型04 數(shù)字計(jì)算題
(2022年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)乙卷A篇)
Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland’s best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
Scttish Natinal Prtrait (肖像畫) Gallery presents a series f lectures fr the general public. They are held in the Lecture Rm. Admissin t lectures is free.
Exhibitin Times
Mnday-Saturday: 10:00-17:45
Sunday: 12:00 -17:45
Last admissin t the exhibitin: 17:15.There is n re-admissin.
Clsed: 24-26 December and 1 January
Admissin
￡4: Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f ￡2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
22. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A.￡4.B.￡8.C.￡12. D.￡16.
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的信息可知，參觀者為一對(duì)夫婦外加兩個(gè)十二歲以下的孩子，再根據(jù)Admissin中的內(nèi)容可知，一名成年人可帶十二歲以下兒童參觀，兒童免費(fèi)，成年人一位需要花費(fèi)4英鎊，兩個(gè)大人是8英鎊。故選B項(xiàng)。
名校模擬
A
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))
Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a secluded shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
1. Wh are the intended readers?
A. Red-blded males. B. White-cllar staff. C. Blue-blded turists.D. Green-hand campers.
2. What can yu learn frm the passage?
A. Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the mst ecnmic way t experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
D. Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
3. In which clumn will yu find this passage?
A. Feature.B. Style.C. Travel.D. Entertainment.
B
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一中?？茧A段練習(xí)) On July 11, 2023, scientists selected Crawfrd Lake in Canada t represent the start f the Anthrpcene, a new gelgical (地質(zhì)的) time perid dminated by human beings instead f the frce f nature. The scientists said that sediments (沉積物) at the bttm f the lake clearly shw the impact f industrialized humanity n Earth frm the 1950s nwards.
The Anthrpcene Wrking Grup (AWG) was set up in 2009. In 2016, it cncluded that human-caused changes t Earth were s great that a new gelgical time unit was necessary. The AWG then assessed twelve sites acrss the wrld as candidates fr what gelgists call a “glden spike”, the place where the sudden and glbal changes marking the start f the new gelgical time perid are best recrded in Earth. After three runds f vting, the AWG selected Crawfrd Lake.
“The lake is 24 meters deep but cvers nly 6 acres,” said Francine McCarthy, a member f the AWG. “It is s special that the bttm waters and surface waters d nt mix, except fr what gently sinks t the bttm and settles dwn in sediments. As a result, they allw us t see the changes in Earth histry.”
The AWG has chsen the plutnium istpes (钚同位素) frm H-bmb tests as the key marker fr the Anthrpcene, as they were spread glbally frm 1952 but declined rapidly after the nuclear test ban in the mid-1960s, creating a spike in sediments. There are ther imprtant markers in the lake sediments, including CO2 fingerprints prduced by the burning f fssil fuels in pwer plants.
“The 1950s saw the start f a sharp increase in industrial, transprt and ecnmic activities that have had huge impacts n Earth,” added McCarthy. “But it is the sharp increase in plutnium specifically that we chse as the key marker.”
Experts said the decisin has scial and plitical imprtance, as it wuld draw attentin t the rle that industrialized humanity plays in shaping Earth. The climate crisis is the mst bvius impact f the Anthrpcene, but huge lsses f wildlife, the spread f freign species, and the widespread pllutin f the planet are als key features.
4. Why is Crawfrd Lake selected as the “glden spike”?
A. It can best shw the sudden and glbal changes in Earth.
B. It is clse t the testing site f the first nuclear bmb.
C. It can cmpletely separate its sediments frm the air.
D. It is lcated in ne f the mst industrialized cuntries.
5. When did the Anthrpcene start?
A. In 1950.B. In 1952.C. In 2009.D. In 2016.
6. What is cnsidered as the key marker fr the Anthrpcene?
A. The climate crisis.B. The lsses f wildlife.
C. The CO2 fingerprints.D. The plutnium istpes.
7. What might be the significance f the adptin f the Anthrpcene?
A. It will play a key rle in slwing dwn industrializatin.
B. It might help human beings t understand their imprtance.
C. It wuld raise public awareness f envirnment prtectin.
D. It can encurage the unity between the public and pliticians.
C
(2023上·福建廈門·高三廈門一中?？计谥? The curb cut (路緣坡). It’s a cnvenience that mst f us rarely, if ever, ntice. Yet, withut it, daily life might be a lt harder—in mre ways than ne. Pushing a baby strller nt the curb, skatebarding nt a sidewalk r taking a full grcery cart frm the sidewalk t yur car—all these tasks are easier because f the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpse in mind.
It’s hard t imagine tday, but back in the 1970s, mst sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drp-ff. That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance. Accrding t ne disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Munt Everest”. S, activists frm Berkeley, Califrnia, wh als needed wheelchairs, rganized a campaign t create tiny ramps at intersectins t help peple dependent n wheels mve up and dwn curbs independently.
I think abut the “curb cut effect” a lt when wrking n issues arund health equity (公平). The first time I even heard abut the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanfrd Scial Innvatin Review piece by Plicy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as “a zer-sum game (零和游戲)” and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a “prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.” What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that “when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.”
There are multiple examples f this principle at wrk. Fr example, investing in plicies that create mre living-wage jbs r increase the availability f affrdable husing certainly benefits peple in cmmunities that have limited ptins. But, the actin als empwers thse peple with pprtunities fr better health and the means t becme cntributing members f sciety—and that benefits everyne. Even the ftball huddle (密商) was initially created t help deaf ftball players at Gallaudet Cllege keep their game plans secret frm ppnents wh culd have read their sign language. Tday, it’s used by every team t prevent the ppnent frm learning abut game-winning strategies.
S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.
8. What des the underlined qute frm the disability rights leader imply cncerning a six-inch curb?
A. It is an unfrgettable symbl.B. It is an impassable barrier.
C. It is an imprtant sign.D. It is an impressive landmark.
9. Accrding t Angela Blackwell, what d many peple believe?
A. It’s nt wrthwhile t prmte health equity.
B. It’s necessary t g all ut t help the disabled.
C. It’s impssible t have everyne treated equally.
D. It’s fair t give the disadvantaged mre help than thers.
10. Which f the fllwing examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle?
A. Spaceflight designs are applied t life n earth.
B. Fur great inventins f China spread t the west.
C. Christpher Clumbus discvered the new wrld.
D. Classic literature gt translated int many languages.
11. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
A. Caring fr disadvantaged grups may finally benefit all.
B. Actin empwers thse with pprtunities fr better slutins.
C. Sciety shuld create circumstances that get everyne invlved.
D. Everyday items are riginally invented fr peple in need f help.
D
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建師大附中校考期中) Ging green is gd fr business. Cnsumers are ften willing t pay mre fr ec-friendly prducts than ther cmparable prducts n the market, accrding t market research. But nt all envirnmental claims are created equally. “Greenwashing” is a frm f misinfrmatin ften used t fascinate an enthusiastic green cnsumer. Cmpanies prmising t be sustainable, r bidegradable smetimes fail t meet the prmises they make t cnsumers.
Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智庫(kù)) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way fr the industry t attract cnsumers. “I think we’re at the tp f green washing in the industry,” she says.”
Retailers (零售商) will mislead cnsumers by distracting them frm a cmpany’s larger issues. Fr example, a large retailer might rll ut a new line f prducts, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefre theretically has less f an envirnmental impact than the ther clthes the cmpany sells. “Yu think ‘Oh that sunds great,’” Bédat says. But that same cmpany might ignre water usage in the rest f their prducts lines, while ding nthing t address the ther ways that their prductin might be harming the envirnment.
When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled “carbn neutral (碳中和)” still prduces mre carbn than wearing a sweater already in yur clset. She ntes, “The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.”
As mre cmpanies lk t cash in n sustainable marketing, gvernments are beginning t take mre actin t safeguard cnsumers. In New Yrk, The Fashin Act wuld require fashin cmpanies perating in the state t bey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brught frth by members f the Eurpean Unin wuld mre strictly regulate envirnmental claims and sustainability labels slapped n prducts sld in Eurpe.
12. What is the purpse f greenwashing?
A. T advcate prper use f water.B. T intrduce green ways t wash clthes.
C. T reduce the impact n envirnment.D. T appeal t thse ec-friendly custmers.
13. What des the example in paragraph 3 present?
A. A new trend in fashin.B. A new kind f prduct.
C. A trick f greenwashing.D. A large issue f a cmpany.
14. What is Bérdat’s attitude twards greenwashing?
A. Dubtful.B. Indifferent.C. Disapprving.D. Tlerant.
15. Why did Eurpean Unin put frward a new law?
A. T enhance the quality f prducts.B. T shelter custmers frm greenwashing.
C. T raise peple’s awareness f ging green.D. T encurage carbn-neutral prduct lines.
A篇
1. D 2. A 3. C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了針對(duì)于露營(yíng)新手的幾種露營(yíng)方式和建議。
1. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (這篇文章是寫給露營(yíng)新手的，這些人從年輕時(shí)就沒有在星空下睡過覺，也沒有搭過帳篷，但他們正在認(rèn)真考慮在野外過夜)”可推知，這篇文章的目標(biāo)讀者應(yīng)該是新手露營(yíng)者。故選D項(xiàng)。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.(多日徒步旅行無(wú)疑是體驗(yàn)戶外美景的最身臨其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以讓你與自然進(jìn)行深入的交流。故選A項(xiàng)。
3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及標(biāo)題“Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?(露營(yíng)小貼士：哪種過夜的野外體驗(yàn)適合你？)”和第一段“If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的背包客，不要再往下讀了。這篇文章是寫給露營(yíng)新手的，這些人從年輕時(shí)就沒有在星空下睡過覺，也沒有搭過帳篷，但他們正在認(rèn)真考慮在野外過夜)”可知，文章主要講的是針對(duì)于露營(yíng)新手的幾種露營(yíng)方式和建議。由此推知，你可能在旅行板塊一欄找到這篇文章。故選C項(xiàng)。
B篇
4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。2023年7月11日，AWG決定把加拿大境內(nèi)的Crawfrd Lake認(rèn)定為“人類世”開始的地理標(biāo)記。
4. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The AWG then assessed twelve sites acrss the wrld as candidates fr what gelgists call a ‘glden spike’, the place where the sudden and glbal changes marking the start f the new gelgical time perid are best recrded in Earth.(AWG隨后評(píng)估了世界各地的12個(gè)地點(diǎn)，作為地質(zhì)學(xué)家所說(shuō)的“金穗”的候選地點(diǎn)，在這里，地球上最能記錄到標(biāo)志著新地質(zhì)時(shí)期開始的全球突然變化)”以及第三段中“It is s special that the bttm waters and surface waters d nt mix, except fr what gently sinks t the bttm and settles dwn in sediments. As a result, they allw us t see the changes in Earth histry.(它是如此特殊，以至于底層水和表層水不會(huì)混合，除了那些輕輕沉入海底并沉淀在沉積物中的水。因此，它們使我們能夠看到地球歷史的變化)”可知，Crawfrd Lake被選中的原因是它最能顯示地球的突然的和全球性變化。故選A項(xiàng)。
5. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“The AWG has chsen the plutnium istpes (钚同位素) frm H-bmb tests as the key marker fr the Anthrpcene, as they were spread glbally frm 1952 but declined rapidly after the nuclear test ban in the mid-1960s, creating a spike in sediments.(AWG選擇來(lái)自氫彈試驗(yàn)的钚同位素作為人類世的關(guān)鍵標(biāo)志，因?yàn)樗鼈儚?952年開始在全球傳播，但在20世紀(jì)60年代中期禁止核試驗(yàn)后迅速減少，導(dǎo)致沉積物激增)”可知，人類世開始于1952年。故選B項(xiàng)。
6. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“But it is the sharp increase in plutnium specifically that we chse as the key marker.(但我們選擇钚的急劇增加作為關(guān)鍵標(biāo)志)”可知，钚同位素被認(rèn)為是人類世的關(guān)鍵標(biāo)志。故選D項(xiàng)。
7. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Experts said the decisin has scial and plitical imprtance, as it wuld draw attentin t the rle that industrialized humanity plays in shaping Earth. The climate crisis is the mst bvius impact f the Anthrpcene, but huge lsses f wildlife, the spread f freign species, and the widespread pllutin f the planet are als key features.(專家表示，這一決定具有社會(huì)和政治意義，因?yàn)樗鼘⒁鹑藗儗?duì)工業(yè)化人類在塑造地球方面所起作用的關(guān)注。氣候危機(jī)是人類世最明顯的影響，但野生動(dòng)物的巨大損失、外來(lái)物種的傳播和地球的廣泛污染也是主要特征)”可知，采用人類世的意義在于它將提高公眾的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。
C篇
8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，主要通過“路緣坡效應(yīng)”講述了當(dāng)社會(huì)為弱勢(shì)群體創(chuàng)造便利時(shí)，可能也會(huì)同時(shí)幫助其他群體，從而惠及所有人。
8. 短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中畫線詞前一句“That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance.(對(duì)于坐輪椅的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一件大事，因?yàn)闆]有坡道可以幫助他們?cè)跊]有幫助的情況下沿著城市街區(qū)移動(dòng)。)”可知，在沒有坡道時(shí)，坐輪椅的人沒有辦法上下路緣，這里一位殘疾人權(quán)益領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說(shuō)一個(gè)六英尺高的路緣“might as well have been Munt Everest”，即相當(dāng)于珠穆朗瑪峰，由此可推測(cè)出，這暗示了一個(gè)六英尺高的路緣對(duì)坐輪椅的人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)難以通過的障礙。故選B。
9. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as ‘a(chǎn) zer-sum game(零和游戲)’ and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a ‘prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.’(Blackwell正確地指出，許多人將公平視為‘零和游戲’，人們普遍認(rèn)為存在‘有成見的社會(huì)懷疑：故意支持一個(gè)群體會(huì)傷害另一個(gè)群體。’)”可知，許多人認(rèn)為公平是“零和游戲”，即一方的收益必然造成另一方的損失，他們普遍認(rèn)為故意支持一個(gè)群體會(huì)傷害另一個(gè)群體。由此可推測(cè)出，許多人認(rèn)為公平對(duì)待所有人是不可能的。故選C。
10. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that ‘when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.’(不過，Blackwell說(shuō)，路緣坡效應(yīng)表明，‘當(dāng)社會(huì)創(chuàng)造環(huán)境，讓那些落后的人能夠充分參與并做出貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，每個(gè)人都會(huì)贏?！?”可知，路緣坡效應(yīng)表明，當(dāng)社會(huì)創(chuàng)造環(huán)境，讓那些落后的人能夠充分參與并做出貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，每個(gè)人都會(huì)贏。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，代表先進(jìn)技術(shù)中國(guó)四大發(fā)明傳入當(dāng)時(shí)條件落后的西方，讓西方國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)到了新技術(shù)，同時(shí)為歐洲人開辟新航路、打開世界市場(chǎng)提供了條件，從而給整個(gè)世界帶來(lái)了改變，這是共贏的局面。故選B。
11. 推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，最后一段“S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.(所以，下次你過馬路，或者把行李箱推過人行橫道，或者直接騎自行車上人行道時(shí)，想想路緣坡，這種設(shè)計(jì)上的改變打破了對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體的排斥，不僅幫助了這一群體，也幫助了我們所有人。)”進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，路緣坡這種設(shè)計(jì)不僅幫助了弱勢(shì)群體，也幫助了所有人，這就是“路緣坡效應(yīng)”，當(dāng)我們關(guān)心弱勢(shì)群體時(shí)，也可能最后讓所有人受益。故選A。
D篇
12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了消費(fèi)者傾向于購(gòu)買環(huán)保產(chǎn)品，但很多公司往往進(jìn)行虛假的環(huán)保宣傳，尤其是時(shí)尚行業(yè)，這種“漂綠”行為容易誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者，所以消費(fèi)者需要重新思考自己的購(gòu)物行為，政府也開始采取措施保護(hù)消費(fèi)者。
12. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“‘Greenwashing’ is a frm f misinfrmatin ften used t fascinate an enthusiastic green cnsumer.(‘漂綠’是一種錯(cuò)誤信息，經(jīng)常被用來(lái)吸引熱情的環(huán)保消費(fèi)者。)”可知，“漂綠”的目的是吸引那些環(huán)保消費(fèi)者。故選D。
13. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Retailers(零售商) will mislead cnsumers by distracting them frm a cmpany’s larger issues.(零售商會(huì)通過分散消費(fèi)者對(duì)公司更大問題的注意力來(lái)誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者。)”可知，本段首先指出零售商誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者的手段，即通過分散消費(fèi)者對(duì)更大問題的注意力，接著舉了一家大型零售商通過用水量少的牛仔褲吸引大眾，讓大眾忽視該公司其他損害環(huán)境的產(chǎn)品這一例子具體說(shuō)明。由此可推測(cè)出，這個(gè)例子展示了“漂綠”的騙人把戲。故選C。
14. 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank(智庫(kù)) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards.(專注于提高時(shí)尚行業(yè)環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的智庫(kù)——新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究所所長(zhǎng)Maxine Bédat表示，漂綠在時(shí)尚行業(yè)尤其常見。)”和倒數(shù)第二段中的“When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits.(談到時(shí)尚，Bérdat說(shuō)要重新思考購(gòu)物習(xí)慣。)”以及該段中她說(shuō)的話“The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.(作為消費(fèi)者，你能做的最可持續(xù)的事情就是多穿你擁有的東西。)”可知，Maxine Bédat在專注于提高時(shí)尚行業(yè)環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的智庫(kù)工作，她認(rèn)為漂綠在時(shí)尚行業(yè)很常見，并建議重新思考購(gòu)物習(xí)慣，多穿已有的衣服，由此可推測(cè)出，她對(duì)漂綠這種現(xiàn)象不支持，故選C。
15. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“As mre cmpanies lk t cash in n sustainable marketing, gvernments are beginning t take mre actin t safeguard cnsumers.(隨著越來(lái)越多的公司尋求從可持續(xù)營(yíng)銷中獲利，政府開始采取更多行動(dòng)來(lái)保護(hù)消費(fèi)者。)”和最后一句“A new law brught frth by members f the Eurpean Unin wuld mre strictly regulate envirnmental claims and sustainability labels slapped n prducts sld in Eurpe.(歐盟成員國(guó)提出的一項(xiàng)新法律將更嚴(yán)格地監(jiān)管在歐洲銷售的產(chǎn)品上的環(huán)境聲明和可持續(xù)性標(biāo)簽。)”可知，歐盟提出的一項(xiàng)新法律有利于嚴(yán)格規(guī)范產(chǎn)品上的環(huán)境聲明和可持續(xù)性標(biāo)簽，這屬于政府層面的保護(hù)措施，能夠更好地保護(hù)消費(fèi)者免受漂綠的誤導(dǎo)。故選B。
項(xiàng)目
年份卷別
語(yǔ)篇類型
題型
應(yīng)用文
記敘文
說(shuō)明文
議論文
細(xì)節(jié)理解
推理判斷
主旨要義
詞義猜測(cè)
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全國(guó)甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全國(guó)乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全國(guó)甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全國(guó)乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全國(guó)甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全國(guó)乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全國(guó)I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全國(guó)Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2
Type f gds
Cigarettes
Cigars
Tbacc
Beer
Wine (nt sparking wine)
Spirits
Alchlic drinks
Amunt
200
50
250 grams
16 litres
4 litres
1 litres
2 litres

Hand Brake, Three Gears
Ft Brake, N Gears
1 hur
€7.50
€5.00
3 hurs
€11.00
€7.50
1 day (24 hurs)
€14.75
€9.75
Each additinal day
€8.00
€6.00
An Intrductin t Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct.,15:00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn’s English Cntempraries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13:10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisatin in Raeburn’s Prtraits
Thursday 6 Nv., 13:10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century
Thursday 13 Nv.,13:10
MARTIN POSTLE

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