應(yīng)用文主要設(shè)題類型及特點
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：針對應(yīng)用文體裁的閱讀訓(xùn)練多出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。應(yīng)用文不同于一般的文章，應(yīng)用文的措辭簡潔明了、直截了當(dāng)，在閱讀時須重點注意細(xì)節(jié)信息，最好采取跳讀這種閱讀方法。如：活動的具體時間和地點是什么？音樂會的具體舉辦時間是什么？所倡議的活動是針對哪些人展開的？
2. 主旨大意題：應(yīng)用文強調(diào)實用性，無論是信件、廣告、通知，還是倡議書、海報等，在閱讀時都應(yīng)該快速掌握其主旨大意。如：海報介紹的那部電影？通知的是哪個活動？邀請哪些人參加什么活動？這些都是主旨大意題考查的內(nèi)容。常見的主旨大意題的題干表達方式有“The pster intrduces us t _______.” “The e-mail mainly tells us abut _______.”
3. 觀點態(tài)度題：作者往往通過海報、廣告等形式的應(yīng)用文表明自己對于某事的態(tài)度，也可以通過通知、倡議書、邀請函等形式暗示自己對某次活動的看法和態(tài)度。常見的觀點態(tài)度題的題干表達方式有“What is the authr’s attitude twards...” “What des the authr think f ”
高考英語閱讀理解題中，應(yīng)用文具有以下一些特點：
1. 題材多樣、注重實用
廣告題材涉及美食之旅、職業(yè)從業(yè)者、自行車租賃、旅游觀光等方面，題材十分豐富，而且與實際生活聯(lián)系緊密。
2. 語言地道、簡潔明了
①簡單句多，復(fù)雜句少。廣告所用語言較簡潔，多采用簡單句，句型結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的長、難句很少，因此讀上去比較容易。
②多采用短語、省略句。廣告多采用非完整句，短語、省略很常見，更加有效地傳達信息。例如：
3. 設(shè)題靈活、篩選信息。廣告的設(shè)題方式主要有：
1)理解寫作意圖：這樣的題目要求考生能理解作者的寫作目的、主旨大意以及廣告的體裁特點。
2)獲取文中信息：有關(guān)廣告的閱讀試題大部分為這類題目，要求考生讀懂文中的關(guān)鍵信息。
3)理解深層含義：這類題目要求考生理解某一句話的深層含義，也就是透過字里行間，讀懂它的言外之意。
題型歸納
題型01 “尋找共同點”題
【題型詮釋】
尋找共同點命題規(guī)律探究：1.“找共同點題”試題大多出現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用文最后—題或第一題；2.屬于復(fù)雜細(xì)節(jié)理解題，可能會涉及閱讀材料多處；3.常見命題形式：What d the fur... have in cmmn?
1.結(jié)構(gòu)法：如果屬于“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，多從“總處”找依據(jù)；
2.排除法：可以運用排除法，只要一項不合要求就應(yīng)該排除；
3.關(guān)鍵詞法：依據(jù)題干劃出關(guān)鍵詞語，據(jù)此知道答案。
【典例1】(2023上·廣東廣州·高三華南師大附中?？茧A段練習(xí))
Inspired by his mentr Luis Sullivan, an influential figure in the wrld f mdernist architecture, Frank Llyd Wright cined the term “rganic architecture” arund 1908.
Rather than imitating nature r rganic elements within the natural wrld, rganic architecture is mre cncerned with re-interpretatin f nature and harmny between the rganic and the built envirnment. It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put tgether t reflect the rder within nature. Here are fur f the mst striking examples.
Casa Milà
Lcatin: Barcelna, Spain
Year f cmpletin: 1910
Architect: Antni Caudi
Cnsidered the greatest master f Catalan Mdernism, Antni Gaudi was devted t nature and the Cathlic religin. While he riginally intended this rganic building t have a religius purpse, it is nw an apartment building. True t the rganic style, it features hney shapes that seemingly emerge frm the earth.
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technlgical University (NTU)
Lcatin: Singapre
Year f cmpletin: 2015
Architect: Thmas Heatherwick
Earning the nicknames “dim sum basket building” and “the Hive”, the Learning Hub cnsists f 12 eight-strey twers arranged arund a public atrium (天井). The rganic nature f the building extends t its interir with features like gardens that are intended t encurage scial interactins and study amng students.
Falling Water
Lcatin: Mill Run, Pennsylvania
Year f cmpletin:1939
Architect: Frank Llyd Wright
A classic f mdernism and rganic architecture, Falling Water sits n tp f a waterfall. Frank Llyd Wright designed it fr the Kaufmann family wh—thugh they had riginally hped fr a view f the waterfall-came t lve the hme.
East Beach Café
Lcatin: Littlehamptn, UK
Year f cmpletin: 2007
Architect: Thmas Heatherwick
Lcated in a seaside area with an industrial histry, East Beach Café resembles a piece f driftwd. Frty meters lng, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially plarized lcals, but has since been well-received by the whle cmmunity. It was the first building fr Thmas Heatherwick wh previusly was better knwn as a sculptr.
6. What d we knw abut the fur buildings in the text?
A. They are architectural classics f mdernism.
B. They feature imitatins f animals r elements in nature.
C. East Beach Café was nt welcmed by all the lcals initially.
D. The designer f Learning Hub at NTU invented’ the cncept “rganic architecture”.
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)East Beach Café部分“Frty meters lng, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially plarized lcals, but has since been well-received by the whle cmmunity.” (它長40米，寬7米，高5米，最初在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆藘蓸O分化，但后來受到了整個社區(qū)的歡迎。)可知，這個咖啡廳在建立之初并不受到所有當(dāng)?shù)厝说臍g迎。故選C。
題型02 “文章出處”題
【題型詮釋】
“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來判斷其出處：
研究報告類文章 (a research paper)：此類文章重點介紹科技領(lǐng)域最新研究成果：新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新思想、新發(fā)明。第一段概括介紹，然后分段陳述。文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語言規(guī)范，句式復(fù)雜。
圖書評論類文章 (a bk review)：書評、影評類文章涉及到作者介紹，內(nèi)容梗概、人物性格評論，寫作特色以及個人好惡等內(nèi)容。
廣告英語類文章 (an advertisement)：現(xiàn)代生活中廣告無處不在，英語閱讀理解也是如此。有時會考查微型海報、通知、啟示、時刻表、圖表等。
科普雜志類文章 (a science magazine)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及到日常生活習(xí)慣、健康飲食、太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計算機發(fā)展、人類未來、動物世界等。其重點是普及科學(xué)知識，提高科學(xué)素養(yǎng)。
教材課本類文章 (a gegraphy textbk)：此類文章內(nèi)容比較正式，語言規(guī)范，往往涉及到學(xué)科術(shù)語、專業(yè)性詞匯、概念、理論等。
課件展示類文章 (a class presentatin)：此類文章往往緊扣主題，口語性強、語言活潑，形式新穎，伴隨有圖片、圖表、文字介紹等信息。
網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)頁類文章 (an Internet page)：此類文章往往會提供超級鏈接標(biāo)志，如Fr mre infrmatin, please click here.
做這類閱讀理解題時，切不可憑自己的主觀印象，或根據(jù)所謂的經(jīng)驗，想當(dāng)然地確定答案。對待任何一個選項同，都應(yīng)該在原文中找到相關(guān)線索，這就如同破譯密碼一樣。解題人的思維過程和出題人的思維過程恰好相反，出題人先找好線索，然后設(shè)計問題和選項，而解題人根據(jù)問題，再去文中找相關(guān)線索。
【典例2】（2023上·山東·高三山東省實驗中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）
New Yrk Bradway Shw: Aladdin
Have a genie (精靈) grant yur wish t see the Disney classic live n Bradway!
Prvider: Tiqets Internatinal B. V.
Duratin: 2h 30mins
Ticket Inf:
A. $91.20 Admissin t Aladdin
B. Smartphne tickets accepted
C. Instant ticket delivery
Highlights & Descriptin
Rll ut the magic carpet and get ready fr a whle new wrld. The prducer f The Lin King brings the timeless stry f Aladdin t the New Yrk stage in a musical spectacular fr the whle family.
Frm the prducer f The Lin King, this magical spectacle is packed with all yur favrite sngs frm the Disney animated classic Aladdin, and mre!
Cme t the New Amsterdam Theatre and step int “A Whle New Wrld”!
Instructins
Yur tickets will be sent t yu via email. Please shw yur ticket at the New Amsterdam Theatre entrance fr the time and date f yur shw.
Seating starts 30 minutes prir t shwtime, but there may be a wait t enter the theatre due t the security check. Please give yur grup plenty f time t get t the theatre and find their seats. Latecmers will be accmmdated during the first apprpriate break in the perfrmance.
Reschedule and Cancellatin Plicy.
Refunds are nt pssible fr this ticket.
Rescheduling is nt pssible fr this ticket.
1. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A Disney brchure.B. A travel blg.
C. A ticketing website.D. A Bradway intrductin.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“t see the Disney classic live n Bradway (在百老匯現(xiàn)場觀看迪士尼經(jīng)典電影)”、“Ticket Inf(票務(wù)信息)”部分的“A. $91.20 Admissin t Aladdin (91.20美元阿拉丁門票)、B. Smartphne tickets accepted (接受智能手機票)、C. Instant ticket delivery (即時送票)”以及“Reschedule and Cancellatin Plicy (重新安排和取消政策)”部分的“Refunds are nt pssible fr this ticket. ( 這張票不能退款) 、Rescheduling is nt pssible fr this ticket (此票無法重新安排)”可知，本文主要介紹了一部即將演出的劇目的訂票信息，最有可能來自于訂票網(wǎng)站上，故選C項。
題型03 “數(shù)字計算”題
【題型詮釋】
細(xì)節(jié)理解之?dāng)?shù)字計算題考點是高考中的必考點。數(shù)字計算題考點主要在廣告信息類文章中考，鎖定題干直接找相關(guān)的文章內(nèi)容，提取相關(guān)信息，進行簡單的計算，就可以得出正確答案。預(yù)測在2024高考中，數(shù)字計算題會在廣告信息文章中和說明文中的部分試題中呈現(xiàn)。
我們在看文章、讀報紙時，我們最重要的目的就是獲取直接信息，通過閱讀廣告信息，我們能做我們要做的事，這就是學(xué)以致用，在用中學(xué)的重要思想。因此，細(xì)節(jié)理解題一直是高考命題的重點，它要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細(xì)節(jié)進行理解。有些答案考生可以直接從文中找到明確的線索，但有些則需要考生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)信息進行處理，如計算、排序、判斷、比較等。
數(shù)字計算題最常用的解題方法：1.仔細(xì)理解題干中的信息要求；2.從文章中定位計算需要的信息；3.通過簡單的計算得出答案。
【典例3】(2023上·四川成都·高三成都市錦江區(qū)嘉祥外國語高級中學(xué)?？计谥?
A reusable bttle will save yu mney in the lng run while helping yu reach yur hydratin gals. Let’s check ut these reusable water bttles in 2019!
Klean Kanteen Reflect Bttle (Stainless steel), $31, Amazn
This shiny, stainless steel bttle is lightweight and easy t grasp, s it’s perfectly prtable when yu’re n-the-g, whether hiking up a muntain r ding business arund twn. The single-walled stainless steel cnstructin keeps yur drink cld fr hurs, and a stylish cap made f sustainably harvested bamb tps it ff.
CamelBak Eddy Water Bttle (Plastic), $20 (Nrmally $28), Amazn
If yu find mre f yur drink ends up in yur bag — r n yur pants — than in yur muth, Camelbak’s spill-prf water bttle cap is a must-have. The newly redesigned “bite-and-sip” cap lets mre liquid flw thrugh than previus versins, letting yu stay hydrated withut having t wrry abut spills. It’s als dishwasher-safe, unlike ther water bttles, s it’s simple t keep clean and germ-free.
Yuanfeng Cllapsible Water Bttle, $10, Amazn
Fr adventurers n-the-g, this space-saving water cntainer is a must-have. The sft, BPA-free bttle flds up t be nly 4.5 inches tall when it’s empty, but stres up t 500 ml liquid when yu fill it up! Available in six bright clrs, this handy bttle is the perfect travel cmpanin fr yur next biking, hiking, r camping trip.
Cupture White Fruit Infuser Water Bttle, $9, Amazn
Kick up the flavr with this genius infuser bttle that allws yu t add in extra flavr t yur water. Fill the remvable infuser basket with lemns, berries, tea bags, r anything else yu’re fnd f, and yu’ll be able t create yur wn deliciusly flavred water. Yu can take ut the infuser whenever yu need a regular water bttle t.
2. Hw much can yu save if yu buy a plastic bttle?
A. $15.B. $13.C. $10.D. $8.
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個小標(biāo)題CamelBak Eddy Water Bttle (Plastic), $20 (Nrmally $28), Amazn可知如果你買一個塑料瓶，你能省八美元。故選D。
高考練場
題型01 “尋找共同點”題
(2023年高考英語·全國甲卷A篇)
Where t Eat in Bangkk
Bangkk is a highly desirable destinatin fr fd lvers. It has a seemingly bttmless well f dining ptins. Here are sme suggestins n where t start yur Bangkk eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm prvides the best f Bangkk culinary (烹飪的) experiences. It’s the nly Thai restaurant that ranks amng the tp 10 f the wrld’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thmpsn, wh received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name, pened this branch in the Metrplitan Htel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internatinally knwn Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkk restaurant. The menu in this beautiful clnial huse includes traditinal Thai cuisine cmbined with mdern cking methds.
B.lan
B.lan has been making waves in Bangkk’s culinary scene since it pened in 2009. Serving hard-t-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmsphere, the restaurant is true t Thai cuisine’s rts, yet still manages t add a special twist. This place is gd fr a candle-lit dinner r a wrk meeting with clleagues wh appreciate fine fd. Fr thse extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place n the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, prgressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is ne f the mst exciting venues (場所) t arrive in Bangkk in recent years. The best table in this tw-stry clnial Thai hme ffers a windw right int the kitchen, where yu can see chef Gaggan and his staff in actin. Culinary theater at its best.
1. What d Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in cmmn?
A. They adpt mdern cking methds.B. They have branches in Lndn.
C. They have tp-class chefs.D. They are based in htels.
題型02 “文章出處”題
(2021年高考英語·全國甲卷A篇）
A Take a view, the Landscape (風(fēng)景) Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday’s mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.
23. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a histry bk.B. In a nvel.C. In an art magazine.D. In a bigraphy.
題型03 “數(shù)字計算”題
(2023年·新高考全國Ⅰ卷A篇)
Bike rental & guided turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears (排擋), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
22. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. 15.75.B. 19.50.C. 22.75.D. 29.50.
名校模擬
A
(2023上·湖北武漢·高三武漢市洪山高級中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)) Des yur child lve high-tech, writing r specialty arts? Attending a summer camp with this fcus is a perfect way fr them t explre and t experience. Lk thrugh ur selectin and find the perfect fit fr yur child.
ID Tech Summer Camps
We’re trusted and hsted by the wrld’s tp learning rganizatins. The right instructr changes everything. With persnalized learning, yur child will prgress at their wn pace. Yur child can level up t Grade 10, standing ut t clleges and future wrk. We can’t wait t welcme yur child t ur cmmunity f 500,000+ students.
Summer Academic Yuth Prgrams
Summer is the perfect time fr pre-cllege students t explre their career interests. Our prgrams prvide pprtunities fr students t experience cllege life while expanding their knwledge and explring their interests. There are many pprtunities including vernight camps.
Independent Lake Camp
It is an vernight summer camp ffering impressive activities due t ur quality facilities (設(shè)備), and talented staff. Started as a nn-traditinal summer camp, we fcus n prmting creativity within each camper and the cmmunity and develping individual grwth with ur persnalized scheduling — each camper chses their wn activities.
Virtual Live Creative Writing Camp
Creative writing is taught live nline by experienced teachers. Great fr ages 7+ and divided int age-based grups, this camp has a limited class size s students can learn fun new skills. Vides will als be made available t all creative writing campers. S, with flexible classes t chse, yur child will never miss a beat!
1. Wh will be interested in Summer Academic Yuth Prgrams?
A. Graduates lking fr jbs.B. High schlers expecting cllege life.
C. Cllege students seeking mre credits.D. Cllege students needing scial practice.
2. What d ID Tech Summer Camps and Independent Lake Camp have in cmmn?
A. They make arrangements fr wrk.B. They include vernight activities.
C. They ffer persnalized learning.D. They imprve persnal creativity.
3. Which camp best suits children with busy summer schedules?
A. ID Tech Summer Camp.B. Independent Lake Camp.
C. Virtual Live Creative Writing Camp.D. Summer Academic Yuth Prgrams.
B
(2023上·湖北·高三荊州中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中) One day in Brnx, a first-grade teacher sat dwn in a barbershp fr a haircut and ne f his students walked in, sat dwn, and started lking antsy. He thught t himself that it was a perfect pprtunity t practice reading, a thught that changed Alvin Irby’s life, and he’s filling many barbershps arund the US with free bks t trim back childhd illiteracy (文盲). His nn-prfit, Barbershp Bks, has delivered 50,000 free bks t mre than 200 barbershps in mainly black neighbrhds in 24 states, cnsidering the fact that in Black American cmmunities, barbershps are like cmmunity centers where peple gather naturally.
“S many kids assciate reading with smething yu d in r fr schl,” he said. “If the nly place a kid practices the pian is during a lessn, the prgress will be slw. Our prgram is abut getting kids t say three wrds: ‘I’m a reader.’”
Irby’s prgram may seem straightfrward but there’s a lt f thught behind it. He puts a clrful, kid-sized bkshelf in each shp, making it inviting t children. The bks displayed are all carefully chsen based n recmmendatins frm his target audience. The bkshelves display the cvers f the bks rather than the spines, helping kids wh may be interested in reading seize the pprtunity fr themselves, whether they’re in the barber’s chair r they’re waiting n their dad r friend. And Irby invlves the barbers in his missin — training them t engage kids abut reading. “We want them t encurage kids t use the reading spaces,” he said. “Then they can talk t them abut hw they like reading, hw funny a bk was r tell them abut anther bk anther kid was reading.”
Denny Me was the first barber t wrk with Irby. Me had previusly ffered vide games at his Harlem shp, t bring in extra incme, but he was willing t quit that t help the cmmunity. “I decided t pay it frward by getting rid f the vide games, putting bks in here, just t get the kids’ minds ging,” he said. “Yu want t make an impact.”
“These bks, I wuld say, have pwer,” 8-year-ld by Chance said. That’s what keeps Irby mtivated. “I’m just excited that we get t create a safe space fr bys t d smething that’s really life changing,” he said. “That’s what I really believe reading is. It unlcks ptential.”
4. What des the underlined wrd in paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A. Restless.B. Serius.C. Relieved.D. Jyful.
5. Why des the prgram appeal t children?
A. Because it expresses children’s requirements.B. Because it shws children’s characteristics.
C. Because it prtects children’s security.D. Because it cnsiders children’s preferences.
6. What made Denny Me give up the vide games finally?
A. That he wanted t attract mre custmers.B. That he wanted t make a difference.
C. That he wanted t bring in mre mney.D. That he wanted t meet different demands.
7. What is the best title fr this passage?
A. Black Kids, Ptential Big ReadersB. Free Bks, Gd Way t Pay Back
C. Clurful Cvers, Nice Try t Attract KidsD. Small Barbershps, Treasure Huse t Start Reading
C
(2023上·湖北·高三荊州中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中) Wmen in pst-pregnancy tend t respnd slwer t the utside wrld than they did befre. In the West, this phenmenn is called “pregnancy brain”. In China, peple describe it as “wmen are slwer and less sharp fr three years after giving birth.” Hwever, studies shwed that they are nt less sharp. Rather, their brains are becming better wired fr parenting at the cst f memry.
In their 2016 research, Elseline Hekzema and her team frm the Netherlands scanned 25 wmen’s brains befre and during pregnancy. The MRI results shwed that there was a decrease in the amunt f expectant mthers’ grey matter in their brains, which is respnsible fr multiple functins, including muscle cntrl, emtins, speech and memry.
The decrease in grey matter isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Hekzema cmpared it with the drp in the grey matter f teenagers during puberty (青春期). Accrding t a previus study, during puberty, teenagers’ hrmnes cause a reductin in unnecessary synapses (突觸), the cnnectins between nerve cells. This prcess makes the brain wrk mre efficiently. Likewise, the reductin f grey matter in new mthers’ brains might lead t greater parenting abilities.
The changes in the regin f grey matter affected by pregnancy are knwn t play a rle in scial cgnitin (認(rèn)知). This change might help a new mther better understand and decde her baby’s facial expressins and needs. Based n the results, scientists believed that the female brain experiences changes t help them better prepare fr mtherhd.
In a recent study led by Jnny Khl frm Lndn’s Francis Crick Institute, experiments n the brains f pregnant mice prvide cncrete evidence that specific hrmnes imprved cnnectins between neurns (神經(jīng)元) assciated with parenting behavirs. While cnducted n mice, this brain remdeling agrees with previus human studies, suggesting shared mechanisms, Newsweek reprted.
Hwever, this imprvement in parenting-related skills might cme at a cst. A 2010 study shwed pregnant wmen have prer memry skills than nn-pregnant wmen, particularly cncerning spatial recgnitin memry. This explains why many pregnant wmen smetimes lse their way n familiar rutes.
And accrding t Hekzema, the changes in wmen’s brains are lng-lasting. S, next time yur mm gets lst in a familiar place, be patient and kind t her. After all, her brain changed t bring yu int the wrld!
8. During pregnancy, what happens t wmen’s brains?
A. They increase in amunt.B. They becme mre cmplex.
C. They generate new neur cells.D. They lse sme grey matter.
9. Hw might the changes in wmen’s brains during pregnancy benefit them?
A. By imprving their wrk efficiency.B. By bsting their muscle cntrl.
C. By strengthening their scial cgnitin.D. By adjusting their emtinal state.
10. What d we knw abut Jnny Khl’s study?
A. It cnflicted with Hekzema’s team’s findings.
B. It cmpared pregnant mice with nn-pregnant nes.
C. It explred the link between hrmne changes and parenting behavirs.
D. It cnfirmed the lng-lasting effects f pregnancy n wmen’s brains.
11. What is ne ptential disadvantage f brain changes in pregnant wmen?
A. Prer cmmunicatin skills.B. A weaker sense f directin.
C. A shrter length f attentin.D. Decreased prblem-slving abilities.
D
(2023上·湖北荊州·高三荊州中學(xué)?？计谥? As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (無氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
12. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising.B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit.D. The aging prcess f the heart.
13. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan.B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type.D. Previus physical cnditin.
14. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
15. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
項目
年份 卷別
語篇類型
題型
應(yīng)用文
記敘文
說明文
議論文
細(xì)節(jié)理解
推理判斷
主旨要義
詞義猜測
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全國甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全國乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全國甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全國乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全國甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全國乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全國I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全國Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2
Mike Shepherd (2011)
Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cld winter’s evening and freezing fg hung in the air. I climbed t the tp f a small rise and realised that the mist was little mre than a few feet deep, and thugh it was nly a shrt climb, I fund myself cmpletely abve it and lking at a wnderfully clear view f Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated frm my cllege days spent in the darkrm int Phtshp, t achieve the black—and—white image (圖像).
Timthy Smith (2014)
Macclesfield Frest Cheshire, England
I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images. Walking up a path thrugh the frest twards Shutlingsle. a lcal high pint, I came acrss a small clearing and immediately nticed the dead yellw grasses set against the fresh snw. The small pine added t the interest and I placed it centrally t take the view frm the fregrund right thrugh int the frest.
Hand Brake, Three Gears
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