【語法知識】一、動詞不定式作狀語二、動詞不定式作定語位置:動詞不定式作定語,一般位于所修飾詞的后面,可擴(kuò)展為一個(gè)定語從句。We are looking for an apartment to live in. = We are looking for an apartment that we can live in.我們正在找一個(gè)可以居住的公寓。用法(1)動詞不定式作定語可表示還未發(fā)生的動作。All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.明天將要出席開幕式的所有老師都應(yīng)該穿制服。The competition to be held next year will surely attract many international tourists.明年要舉行的比賽肯定會吸引許多國際游客。(2)序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級和the last/the only/the next等詞語后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后常用動詞不定式作定語。The next train to arrive was from New York.下一趟抵達(dá)的火車是從紐約開來的。He is always the firstto come and the last to leave.他總是第一個(gè)來,最后一個(gè)離開。(3)抽象名詞ability, chance, opportunity, way, right (權(quán)利), courage, decision, hope, wish等后常用動詞不定式作定語。Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courageto face the challenge.多虧了你的鼓勵(lì),我最終有了迎接挑戰(zhàn)的勇氣。Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a good chanceto see your friends again.開始一個(gè)新學(xué)期總是很令人興奮,這是一個(gè)再次見到你朋友們的好機(jī)會。(4) something, nothing, anything等不定代詞后常用動詞不定式作定語。We have nothingto fear but fear itself.人最害怕的就是害怕本身。(5)在there be句型中,作主語的名詞后可接動詞不定式作定語,被修飾的中心詞是不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí),不定式用主動式或被動式均可。There is nothing to worry about/to be worried about.沒什么可擔(dān)心的。注意:在there be句型中,如果動詞不定式有邏輯主語,則動詞不定式只能用主動形式。構(gòu)成動詞不定式的動詞與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系(1)主謂關(guān)系:主謂關(guān)系指的是被修飾詞是構(gòu)成動詞不定式的動詞的邏輯主語。此時(shí)的動詞不定式在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。We need someone to help with the work. = We need someone that can help with the work.我們需要有人來幫忙做這項(xiàng)工作。(2)動賓關(guān)系:動賓關(guān)系指的是被修飾詞是構(gòu)成動詞不定式的動詞的邏輯賓語,所以作定語的不定式不能帶賓語。Do you have anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎?(3)同位關(guān)系:同位關(guān)系指的是不定式對所修飾的名詞的內(nèi)容起解釋、說明作用。這類被修飾詞有兩類,一種是由動詞派生出來的抽象名詞,如plan, decision等,另一種是如campaign, evidence, opportunity, position, power, project, reason, right等的抽象名詞。My planto go abroad has failed.我出國的計(jì)劃沒能實(shí)現(xiàn)。We don’t have enough evidenceto prove that he was wrong.我們沒有充足的證據(jù)來證明他是錯(cuò)的。