Mystery creates wnder and wnder is the basis f man’s desire t understand.神秘感激發(fā)好奇心，而好奇心則是人們探索未知事物的前提。—尼爾?阿姆斯特朗 What des the wrd wnder refer t in this sentence? Hw d yu understand the sentence?Curisity abut space.
動詞不定式 t d
現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞(ding )
The Infinitive as the Attributive and adverbial動詞不定式作定語、狀語
不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式,由“t+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨立作謂語。
但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等。
definitin f infinitives：
基本結(jié)構(gòu): “ t + 動詞原形”, t是不定式標志, 無意義, 有時不定式符號t可省略。否定形式: nt t + 動詞原形
1. Scientists wrk hard t find answers. 2. They make vehicles t carry brave peple int space t find ut the secrets f the universe. 3. Hwever, sme scientists were determined t help humans realise their dream t explre space. 4. Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t g int space. 5. America’s NASA space agency launched Vyager 1 n 5 September 1977 t study deep space. 6. These disasters made everyne sad and disappinted, but the desire t explre the universe never died.
觀察下面句子并分析紅色部分在句中所作的成分
7. China became the third cuntry in the wrld t independently send humans int space in 2003. 8. This signalled ne step further in China’s plan t establish a space statin in the future. 9. Mre recently, China has sent Chang’e 4 t explre the surface f the far side f the mn t make measurements and bservatins. 10. Eurpe, the US, and China all have plans t further study and explre planets like Mars and Jupiter. 11. Despite the difficulties, scientists hpe future discveries will nt nly enable us t understand hw the universe began, but als help us survive well int the future.
The Infinitive as the Attributive(動詞不定式用作定語)
不定式作定語，一般放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面。例如：
例：1. Please make an effrt t catch the bus.2. He made a prmise t cme here n time tmrrw.
1.當(dāng)修飾的名詞是ability, ambitin, attempt, chance, curage, desire, decisin, effrt, failure, mment, prmise, right, time, wish …（一些表示企圖、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意義的名詞）
只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況
2.不定式作定語，修飾the first，the last，the third等，中心詞為不定式的執(zhí)行者時用t d(主動式)，中心詞為不定式承受者時用t be dne(被動式)。
The newspaper reprter was the last t walk ut f the cave. 那位報社記者是最后一個走出山洞的。This is the third questin t be discussed. 這是要討論的第三個問題。
3. 當(dāng)定語表示未來的還沒做的動作時。
4. smething, anything, nthing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式作后置定語。
I’ve grwn s crazy abut everything t d with nature.
The letter t be written is t my father.The matter t be discussed is imprtant.
5. 不定式作定語也可用在have … t d和there be句型中。
注意： 若不定式動詞為不及物動詞，則該動詞必須與介詞連用，組成及物的動詞短語。
Please pass me sme paper t write ____.
There is n ne t take care f her.I have n jewelry __________(wear）.
6. 當(dāng)名詞與定語之間存在主謂關(guān)系時。 We must find a persn t d the jb.
單句語法填空①In many hmes in the UK, the first persn _______ (wake) up has t make tea fr the family．②The airprt ______________ (cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area．③The best way __________ (imprve) yur English is t jin an English club．④Carl was happy that she had the chance _____________ (experience) the life in the city．⑤These curses ffer us pprtunities__________ (imprve) ur abilities t appreciate art．
t be cmpleted
t experience
The Infinitive as the adverbial(動詞不定式用作狀語)
動詞不定式在句中作狀語, 主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等, 表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。
在句中, 不定式可作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、原因狀語等。
① He came here t attend an imprtant meeting. 他來這兒參加一個重要的會議。② He laid dwn his life t save the child. 他為了救這個孩子獻出了生命。③ He shuted and waved in rder t be nticed. 他喊了一聲，揮了揮手，以引起注意。④ I'll write dwn his telephne number s as nt t frget it. 我會記下他的電話號碼，以免忘記。
有時為了強調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用in rder (nt) t d，和s as (nt) t d結(jié)構(gòu)（s as t d不可以置于句首）。
① He returned hme t learn his daughter had just been engaged. 他回家后得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。② He went hme t find his ld friend Gerge waiting fr him. 他到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的老朋友喬治在等他。③ What have I said t make yu s excited? 我說了什么使你這么激動?
不定式作結(jié)果狀語常與learn, find, see, hear, make等動詞連用。
① She was s angry as t be unable t speak. 她氣得連話都說不出來。② The by is ld enugh t take care f himself. 這個男孩夠大了，可以自己照顧自己。③ He hurried t the statin, nly t find the train had left. 他匆匆忙忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了。④ I'm t tired t stay up lnger. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于以下句型結(jié)構(gòu)：① s/such… as t d ② enugh t d③ nly t d (常表示意外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果) ④ t … t d
She is prud t have wn the first place. He is glad t be invited t the meeting.We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin.
(1) 常用于“sb. + be + adj. + t d”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 形容詞作表語時, 后可接不定式作原因狀語, 用以說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。此類形容詞多是srry, glad, excited, disappinted, shcked等表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞。
The mrning air is s gd t breathe that he gets up early every day.
(2) 常用于“sth. + be + adj. + t d”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 這類形容詞有easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, cmfrtable, gd, imprtant, impssible, dangerus等, 表示主語的特征或性質(zhì), 不定式和句子主語之間存在動賓關(guān)系, 但常用主動形式表示被動意義。
Hw can yu catch the train t start s late？ 要是這么晚動身，你怎么能趕得上火車呢？（表示條件）He must be a fl t say s. 他那么說可能是個傻瓜。Yu will d well t speak mre carefully. 要是說得詳細的話，你會做得很好的。
He pened his muth as if t say smething. She lifts his hand as if t lead him smewhere.
主要用于 as if t d sth 結(jié)構(gòu)。
例：1. He went hme t find his ld friend Gerge utside the dr.2. The child fell, striking his head against the dr and cutting it.
動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語強調(diào)的是一種意想不到的結(jié)果；而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語強調(diào)的是一種順承的，必然造成的結(jié)果。
現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別
單句語法填空①________ (learn) mre abut Chinese culture, Jack has decided t take Chinese flk music as an elective curse．②We travel n Day 2 t nrthern France _______ (visit) the Wrld War Ⅰ battlefields．③When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad ______ (find) them alive．④Wuld yu be s kind as________ (spare) sme time t cme and jin us?
Summarize the usages f infinitives as the attribute r the adverbial.
enugh t (足夠做...),(太...而不能), s/such... as t (如此...以至于)
多修飾名詞常作后置定語往往表示尚未發(fā)生的動作普通名詞常被序數(shù)詞、最高級修飾抽象名詞常有：dream, desire, chance,hpe, prmise, idea, fact, way...
t d,in rder t (可句首句中), s as t (只能句中)
1 一般式 2 進行式 3 完成式
sb＋be＋adj. ＋t d ...
1. _________ (make) it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand. (2016 北京改)2. Anxiusly, she tk the dress ut f the package and tried it n, nly _______ (find) it didn’t fit. (2014 天津改) 3. Grup activities will be rganised after class _________ (help) children develp team spirit. (2014 重慶改)4. Gerge returned after the war, nly __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. (2012 山東)5. This machine is very easy ___________ (perate). Anybdy can learn t use it in a few minutes. (2012 遼寧)6. We were astnished ________ (find) the temple still in its riginal cnditin. (2010 遼寧)
7. Mdem methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.? (2019·新課標Ⅰ卷·語法填空)8. But sme students didn't want ________(wear) the unifrm.? (2019·浙江卷·語法填空)
Hell, my dear friends! I am greatly hnured ________ (share) the event with yu. The theme f the activity is ___________ (intrduce) Chinese traditinal culture. During this mnth, there will be varius activities fr yu ____________ (experience) the rich and clurful Chinese culture. Yu will have a chance ___________ (make) paper-cutting r ____________ (appreciate) Chinese arts. There will be sme lectures fr yu _________ (attend), _______ is beneficial t yur understanding abut China. ________ (learn) mre abut China, dn’t hesitate _________ (cntact) us and be the first ________ (sign) up fr the activity.
t appreciate
D the exercises n P42 and P80 ~ P81.

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Unit 4 Space Exploration

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