
Ⅰ.知識(shí)體系圖解 重點(diǎn)詞匯
1. n.發(fā)作;攻擊;抨擊 vi.& vt.攻擊;侵襲;抨擊?2. n.數(shù)量?3. n.日程安排,工作計(jì)劃;時(shí)間表?4. adj.消極的,負(fù)面的;壞的,有害的;否定的?5. adj.可塑的;塑料的 n.塑料?6. n.外科手術(shù)?7. n.增加,添加;加法?8.pressure n. ?9.cntribute vi.& vt. ?10.memry n. ?11.treatment n. ?
attack amunt schedulenegative plastic surgery additin
心理壓力;緊張;壓力;要求,催促 是……的原因之一,捐贈(zèng),捐獻(xiàn);增加,添加 記憶力,記性;記憶,回憶 治療;對(duì)待,待遇;處理
1. 從短期/長期看?2.plastic surgery ?3. 此外?
限制性定語從句(Ⅱ)
in the shrt/ lng term
Ⅱ.完成句子1.我們正在尋找這本書的主人。We are lking fr the persn t .?2.我們決定參觀的那個(gè)地方離這個(gè)城市不遠(yuǎn)。The place is nt far away frm the city.?3.你度假的那個(gè)地方叫什么名字?What’s the name f the place ?
whm the bk belngs
which we’ve decided t visit
where yu spent yur hliday
4.請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。Please tell me the reasn .?5.他是在我們最需要他的時(shí)候來的。He came at a time .?
why yu were late fr the flight
when we needed him mst
1.Nise pllutin and light pllutin in big cities may als cntribute t sleep prblems.大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能導(dǎo)致睡眠問題。(P48)【詞匯精講】在本句中cntribute用作動(dòng)詞,意為“是……的原因之一”,還可以意為“捐贈(zèng),捐獻(xiàn);增加,添加”。I have cntributed several articles t the magazine,but nne f them have been published.我已經(jīng)給雜志投了好幾篇文章,可一篇也沒發(fā)表過。
【詞匯拓展】make a cntributin/cntributins t對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)cntribute vi.&vt.捐獻(xiàn);捐助cntribute sth t...把某物捐獻(xiàn)給……cntribute t有助于;捐獻(xiàn);導(dǎo)致;投稿The ecnmists have made imprtant cntributins t the field f financial and crprate ecnmics.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們?cè)诮鹑诤推髽I(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)。The tw-week exchange activities cntributed t a better understanding between us.這兩周的交流活動(dòng)促進(jìn)了我們之間更好地了解。
2.In the shrt term,peple with sleep prblems ften feel tired and have truble cncentrating.短期內(nèi),有睡眠問題的人經(jīng)常感到疲勞,并且難以集中注意力。(P48)【詞匯精講】在本句中in the shrt term意為“從短期看”。In the shrt term we will lse mney,but in the lng term we will make a prfit.短期內(nèi)我們會(huì)虧損,但從長遠(yuǎn)看我們會(huì)盈利的。
【詞匯拓展】in terms f 就……來說;從……角度;在……方面in general/practical/financial terms 從總體/實(shí)際/經(jīng)濟(jì)角度in relative terms相對(duì)而言be n bad/gd/friendly terms with 與……不和睦/和睦/友好in the lng/shrt run從長/短期看In terms f mney he is rich,but nt in terms f happiness.從金錢角度上看,他很富有,但從幸福角度則不然。
3.In the lng term,they may be at increased risk f having a pr memry,being verweight and suffering a heart attack.從長遠(yuǎn)來看,他們可能會(huì)增加記憶力差、超重和心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(P48)【詞匯精講】句中的attack是可數(shù)名詞,意為“攻擊,發(fā)作;抨擊”。attack也可作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“攻擊;抨擊;侵襲”。The man insisted that he was just defending himself when attacked.那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說當(dāng)受到攻擊時(shí)他只是在自衛(wèi)。
【詞匯拓展】attack sb with sth用……攻擊某人make an attack n/upn...對(duì)……發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻under attack受到攻擊When an animal is under attack,it can run away r fight back.動(dòng)物遭到攻擊時(shí),要么逃走要么反擊。
4.Everyne knws that the amunt f quality sleep that we get is imprtant t us.每個(gè)人都知道高質(zhì)量睡眠時(shí)間對(duì)我們很重要。(P49)【詞匯精講】在本句中amunt用作名詞,意為“數(shù)量”,the amunt f意為“……的數(shù)量”(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)。She was quite psitive abut the amunt f mney invlved.她對(duì)所涉及的錢數(shù)十分肯定。
【詞匯拓展】(1)a large amunt f和large amunts f 的意思相同,它們之后都只能帶不可數(shù)名詞,但large amunts f短語作主語時(shí),謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)只能修飾可數(shù)名詞,表示“許多,大量”的表達(dá):a large/great/gd number f,a gd/great many,dzens f,scres f,quite a few,many a。(3)只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表示“許多;大量”的表達(dá):a great deal f,a large amunt f,amunts f,quite a little,a large sum f,much。(4)既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表示“許多;大量”的表達(dá):plenty f,a lt f,lts f,a quantity f,quantities f。
5.The peratin was a great success.手術(shù)非常成功。(P50)【詞匯精講】在本句中peratin用作名詞,意為“手術(shù)”,還可以意為“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),操作”。The peratin f this machine is simple.這個(gè)機(jī)器的操作很簡單。Dctrs perfrmed an emergency peratin fr appendicitis last night.醫(yī)生昨晚為闌尾炎做了緊急手術(shù)。
【詞匯拓展】(1)have an peratin(病人)接受手術(shù)perfrm an peratin(醫(yī)生)動(dòng)手術(shù)cme int peratin付諸實(shí)施in peratin操作中,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中;生效(2)perate v.操作;運(yùn)作;動(dòng)手術(shù)perate n 給……動(dòng)手術(shù)peratr n.(操作機(jī)器的)工作者;操作員;接線員I dn’t want t be perated n by the butcher!我不想讓這個(gè)屠夫給我做手術(shù)!The machine has been perating well since I gt it repaired last year.自從我去年請(qǐng)人修好后,這臺(tái)機(jī)器一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。
6.Mr Wilsn is very happy with the treatment.威爾遜先生對(duì)這種治療很滿意。(P50)【詞匯精講】在本句中treatment 用作名詞,意為“治療”,還可以意為“對(duì)待,待遇;處理”。Unfrtunately,they face unfair treatment and discriminatin in that cuntry.不幸的是,他們?cè)谀莻€(gè)國家遭到了不公平對(duì)待和歧視。
【詞匯拓展】treat v.治療;對(duì)待,款待treat sb well/badly對(duì)某人好/不好 把……當(dāng)作……一樣看待treat sb/neself t sth 以某物款待某人give sb sth as a treat 用某物招待某人Which dctr is treating yu fr yur illness?哪個(gè)醫(yī)生在給你看病?
7.In additin,Miss Edwards says the surgery makes her lk unnatural and that she is unable t make certain facial expressins.此外,愛德華茲小姐說,手術(shù)讓她看起來不自然,她無法做出某些面部表情。(P50)【詞匯精講】additin是名詞,意為“添加;加法;增加物”。Additin and divisin are frms f cmputatin.加法和除法都是計(jì)算方法。This is a fine bk,a wrthy additin t the Cambridge Encyclpedia series.這是一本好書,對(duì)劍橋百科全書系列是一個(gè)很好的補(bǔ)充。A newbrn child is ften called an additin t the family.人們常把新生的嬰兒稱作家庭中新添的一員。
【詞匯拓展】in additin此外in additin t除……之外additinal adj.額外的In additin,we shuld learn hw t get alng well with thers.此外,我們應(yīng)該學(xué)著如何和別人融洽相處。
限制性定語從句(Ⅱ)(where,when,why,prep+which/whm)1.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)when指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。I will always remember the day when I was admitted int the university.我將永遠(yuǎn)記得我被大學(xué)錄取的那一天。(2)where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。I wuld like t live in a cuntry where there is less air pllutin.我想居住在一個(gè)空氣污染少的國家。
(3)why表示原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語。The reasn why he has had such success is that he never gives up.他取得那么大的成功的原因是他從不放棄。The reasn why he failed the exam was that he didn’t study hard.他考試失敗的原因是他學(xué)習(xí)不努力。(4)當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞或reasn時(shí),關(guān)系詞用when,where,why還是which/that要看關(guān)系詞在句中所作的成分來決定,作狀語時(shí)要用when,where,why,作賓語、主語時(shí)要用that或which。The building which is being painted is ur library.正在粉刷的大樓是我們的圖書館。Is this the reasn that he tld yu abut his absence?這就是他告訴你的他缺席的原因嗎?
(5)當(dāng)先行詞是一些表示地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞,如:situatin,pint,stage,psitin等時(shí),如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,常用where或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。Sn they came t a pint where the river divided.很快他們就到了河流分岔處。The cuntry has reached a stage where they exprt gds n a large scale.這個(gè)國家達(dá)到大規(guī)模出口商品的階段。
2.“介詞(短語)+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞(短語)+關(guān)系代詞”也可引導(dǎo)定語從句,在句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語,代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when,where和why?!敖樵~(短語)+關(guān)系代詞”表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),有時(shí)句子需要用完全倒裝形式。I still remember the day n which(= when) I entered primary schl.我仍然記得我上小學(xué)的那一天。This is the gym in which (=where) they used t wrk ut.這就是他們過去鍛煉的體育館。Can yu tell me the reasn fr which (=why) he gt angry?你能告訴我他生氣的原因嗎?The man t whm I had a talk just nw is my friend.剛才和我談話的那個(gè)男人是我的朋友。
注意:在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,介詞的選用可根據(jù)下列三方面去考慮:(1)根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來考慮。This is the library frm which I ften brrw.(介詞frm依據(jù)brrw frm這一常見搭配而定)這就是我經(jīng)常借書的圖書館。Have yu met the persn t whm I referred yesterday?(介詞t依據(jù)refer t而定)你見到過我昨天提到的那個(gè)人嗎?
(2)根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或意義來考慮。The farm n which they wrked ten years ag has changed a great deal.(先行詞The farm在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,“在農(nóng)場(chǎng)”常用n the farm,故用n which,相當(dāng)于where)十年前他們工作過的那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)變化很大。D yu still remember the day n which we visited the Dai Temple?(先行詞the day在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,n which相當(dāng)于when)你還記得我們一起參觀岱廟的那天嗎?
(3)根據(jù)句子的具體含義來考慮。The pen with which he is writing nw was bught yesterday.他現(xiàn)在寫字用的那支鋼筆是昨天買的。(with which表示“使用工具”)He made a hle in the wall,thrugh which he culd see what was happening utside.他在墻上鉆了個(gè)孔,通過這個(gè)孔他可以看到外面所發(fā)生的事情。(thrugh which指“通過……”)
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.The 65-year-ld Steve Gdwin was fund suffering frm early Alzheimer’s (阿爾茲海默癥).He was lsing his m .?答案:memry2.I hpe yur presentatin will c t ur better understanding f Western paintings.?答案:cntribute3.Much exercise is needed t lwer the risk f heart a .?答案:attacks4.Mst first-year students live n c .?答案:campus
5.I culdn’t believe that the g never tk a penny.?答案:guy6.It shws whether strng emtins smene is feeling are psitive r n .?答案:negative7.The reasn I had stpped taking lessns was that my (日程安排) was busy with hmewrk.?答案:schedule8.T much (咖啡因)can result in nervusness and sleeplessness.?答案:caffeine
9.He put his shaving things int a (塑料的) bag.?答案:plastic10.Gd technique in medicine and (外科手術(shù))means less pain and less discmfrt.?答案:surgery
Ⅱ.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空1.This kind f urban planning is the lng term cheaper and mre practical.?答案:in2. additin,mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience.?答案:In3.Many immigrants suffer a sense f alienatin.?答案:frm
4.The test wuld ensure thse wh plan t cntribute this cuntry can make a claim fr benefits.?答案:t5.He is anxius her safety.?答案:abut
Ⅲ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞完成句子1.This is the place I grew up.?答案:where2.September 1st is the day students g back t schl after a summer vacatin.?答案:when3.We finally gt t the village, we saw rws f newly-built huses.?答案:where
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