Module 1 British and American English


一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時(shí)高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．linguist n. 　語言學(xué)家
2．motorway n. (英)高速公路
3．underground n. (英)地鐵
4．subway n. (美)地鐵
5．flashlight n. (美)手電筒；火把
6．queue vi. (英)排隊(duì)(等候)
7．preposition n. 介詞
8．omit vt. 省略
9．settler n. 移民；定居者
10．satellite n. 衛(wèi)星
11．flick n. 輕打；輕彈；抖動(dòng)
12．structure n. 結(jié)構(gòu)；體系
13.linguistics n. 　 　語言學(xué)
14．edition n. (廣播、電視節(jié)目的)期；版
15．cute adj. 逗人喜愛的
16．distinctive adj. 與眾不同的
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫其形)
1．a(chǎn)ccent n. 口音
2．switch n. 開關(guān)
3．rapidly adv. 迅速地
4．present vt. 陳述；提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)
5．a(chǎn)ttempt n. 努力；嘗試
6．look n. 外觀；外表；樣子
7．criticise vt. 批評(píng)
8．standard adj. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．obvious adj.顯然的，顯而易見的→obviously adv.顯然地，明顯地
2．confusing adj.令人困惑的；難懂的→confused adj.感到困惑的→confuse vt.使困惑→confusion n．困惑
3．compare vt.比較→comparison n．比較
4．variety n．種類→various adj.各種各樣的→vary v．改變；使變化
5．differ vi.不同，有區(qū)別→difference n．不同；區(qū)別→different adj.不同的，有區(qū)別的
6．remark n．評(píng)論；講話→remarkable adj.顯著的；非凡的
7．steadily adv.不斷地；持續(xù)地→steady adj.持續(xù)的
8．a(chǎn)nnouncement n．聲明；宣告→announce v．聲明；通知
9．a(chǎn)dd vt.加；增加→addition n．增加；增加物
10．simplify vt.簡(jiǎn)化→simple adj.簡(jiǎn)單的→simply adv.簡(jiǎn)單地；僅僅；不過
11．combination n．組合；結(jié)合→combine v．結(jié)合；聯(lián)合
12．reference n．參考；查閱→refer v．參考；查閱
[語境活用]
1．Leaves are found on varieties of trees, but they vary greatly in size and shape.(vary)
2．He made simple remarks on her remarkable achievements.(remark)
3．The reference book the teacher referred to just now is said to be popular among students.(refer)
4．From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. As for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people.(differ)
5．The book explains grammar simply and clearly, because the author used simple example sentences to simplify abstract concepts.(simple)
6．They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused,_standing there in confusion,_not knowing what to do.(confuse)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.have_..._in_common 　有相同的特點(diǎn)
2．make_a_difference 有影響，使不相同
3．get_around 四處走動(dòng)(旅行)
4．queue_up/stand_in_line 排隊(duì)
5．be_similar_to 與……相似
6．lead_to 引起；導(dǎo)致
7．pick_up 學(xué)會(huì)；拾起，撿起；收聽(廣播)
8．in_favour_of 同意；支持
9．refer_to_..._as_... 稱……為……
10．thanks_to 幸虧，多虧
1.The government calls on people to get_around by using public transport.
2．They have a lot in_common and get on well with each other.
3．They are now in great need of help. So your support will certainly make_a_difference.
4．Some people are in_favour_of building a swimming pool for children, while others are against it.
5．What is known to us is that it's human's activity that leads_to global warming.
6．Thanks_to modern science and technology, people lead a more comfortable and richer life now.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch.
美國(guó)人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國(guó)人叫它torch。
while此處表示對(duì)比，意為“而，然而”。
(2016·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))它對(duì)一些人是有利的，然而卻讓其他人處于是否投票的進(jìn)退兩難的境地。
It is beneficial to some people, while_it_puts_others_into_a_dilemma over whether to vote or not.
2.A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話比聽懂紐約人說話更難。
have difficulty (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難”。
(2018·浙江高考寫作)在英語口語方面我已經(jīng)很流利，我與他們交流沒有困難。
I have developed fluency in spoken English.I have_no_difficulty_communicating with them.
3.This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.
專家們認(rèn)為，這樣不間斷的交流使英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人彼此理解起來更加容易。
make it＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.。
我們能夠與他人形成良好的關(guān)系，這使得我們能夠最大化地享受生活。
We can develop a pleasant relationship with others, which_makes_it_possible_for_us_to_enjoy our life to the fullest.
4.However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents ...
然而，如果你打開美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)——一個(gè)美國(guó)電視網(wǎng)——你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞播報(bào)員和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員操著不同的口音……
“find＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)……處于某種狀態(tài)”。
盡管我對(duì)于校園破舊、教室缺乏設(shè)備感到失望，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些老師們都很耐心且善解人意。
Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom, I found_the_teachers_patient_and_considerate.

　　　　　　　　　二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化　

1．confusing adj.令人困惑的；難懂的
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused (confuse) and is unsure about what to do next.
②There is a lot of job information online, but too much of it may sometimes be confusing (confuse)．
③I always confuse you with/and your sister — you look so alike.
④She was very angry with her husband because he made their rooms in confusion (confuse)．
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)confuse vt.　　　　　　　 使困惑；使難于理解
confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆
(2)confused adj. 感到困惑的；感到難懂的
be/get/become confused at/about　 對(duì)……感到困惑
(3)confusion n. 困惑；混亂；混淆
in confusion 困惑地；亂七八糟地
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(句式升級(jí))
⑤He was confused with the present situation so he was at a loss what to do next.
→Confused_with_the_present_situation,_he was at a loss what to do next.(過去分詞短語作狀語)
2．compare vt.比較；匹敵；比喻；相比n.比較
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①Don't compare your strength with others' weakness, which is meaningless.
②A teacher is often compared to a candle. That's because their devotion to work is beyond/without compare.
補(bǔ)全句子
③和我們的小公寓相比，比爾的房子就像是一座宮殿。(comparison)
In_comparison_with our small flat, Bill's house seemed like a palace.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)compare ... with/to ...　 把……和……相比較
compare ... to ... 把……比作……
compared to/with ... 和……相比(通常作狀語)
compare notes with sb. 與某人交換意見或看法
(2)beyond/without compare 無與倫比，舉世無雙
(3)comparison n. 比較；對(duì)照；比喻
in comparison with 與……相比
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④(2015·四川高考書面表達(dá))而且你也應(yīng)該記住，經(jīng)常與同學(xué)們交換看法是促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)的一種好的方法。
And you also should keep in mind that comparing_notes_with_your_classmates_frequently is a good way to improve your study.
3．differ vi.不同，有區(qū)別
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference (differ) between them.
一句多譯
英式英語和美式英語在發(fā)音和拼寫方面有著明顯的區(qū)別。
②British English differs_obviously_from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(differ)
③British English is_obviously_different_from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(different)
④There are obvious_differences_between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling.(difference)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)differ from＝be different from　 與……不同
differ in＝be different in 在……方面不同
(2)difference n. 不同；區(qū)別
make a difference 有影響，使不相同
make some/no/little difference (to ...) (對(duì)……)有些/沒作用或影響
tell the difference between ... and ...　　　區(qū)分……與……的差別
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤(2013·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))只有言行一致，我們才能在任何我們希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情上有所進(jìn)展。
Only when we match our words with actions can_we_make_a_difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
4．present vt.陳述；提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)；呈現(xiàn)；贈(zèng)送，頒發(fā)，介紹adj.出席的，在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的n.禮物；贈(zèng)品；現(xiàn)在
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
寫出下列句中present的詞性和含義
①(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.adj.現(xiàn)在的
②If Mr. Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.adj.在場(chǎng)的
③You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them.vt.陳述
單句語法填空
④I've got enough money for the present, but I must go to the bank tomorrow.
⑤Wang Hua, our monitor, presented her with the prepared flowers.
⑥At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)present　　　　　 向某人贈(zèng)送某物
(2)be present at 出席……
(3)at present＝at the present time 目前，現(xiàn)在
for the present 目前；暫時(shí)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(一句多譯)
(2015·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))上面提到的這三種選擇都是典例。
⑦The three selections which_are_presented_above are typical examples.(定語從句)
⑧The three selections presented_above are typical examples.(分詞作定語)
僻義牢牢記
⑨(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.vt.呈現(xiàn)
5．a(chǎn)ttempt n．努力；嘗試；企圖vt.試圖；企圖
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
一句多譯
他試圖通過考試，但考試太難了。
①He attempted_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult.(attempt v．)
②He made_an_attempt_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult.(attempt n．)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.　 試圖做某事
at one's/the first attempt 第一次嘗試
(2)attempt to do/at doing sth. 試圖做某事
(3)attempted adj. 未遂的
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
③不要期望第一次嘗試就通過駕駛測(cè)試，畢竟，你學(xué)開車只學(xué)了幾天。
Don't expect to pass the driving test at_your/the_first_attempt. After all, you've been learning to drive for only a couple of days.

1．have ... in common有相同的特點(diǎn)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①In common with other middle-aged people, I like jogging in the morning.
補(bǔ)全句子
②Anyone with/who_has_common_sense is able to make the right decision when facing the situation.
當(dāng)面對(duì)這種情況時(shí)，任何有常識(shí)的人都會(huì)做出正確決定。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)have a lot/much/a great deal in common with　　與……有很多共同之處
have nothing/little in common with 與……沒有/很少有共同之處
(2)in common with 與……一樣
(3)common sense 常識(shí)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
③盡管他們是好朋友，但是他們幾乎沒有共同之處。
Although they are good friends, they have_little_in_common_with_each_other.
2．lead to引起；導(dǎo)致；通向
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①I want to know what led you to_take (take) up acting as a career.
②The new evidence led to the high official being_arrested (arrest)．
補(bǔ)全句子
③With a guide leading_the_way,_we arrived at a village in Tibet, where we found the local people leading_a_happy_life.
由一位向?qū)?，我們到達(dá)了西藏的一個(gè)村莊。在那里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)厝诉^著幸福的生活。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)lead sb. to ＋n. 帶領(lǐng)某人去/進(jìn)入……，使某人得出(觀點(diǎn))
lead to sb./sth. doing sth.　 使得某人/某物做某事
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
(2)lead a ... life 過著……的生活
lead the way 引路，帶路
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④好的習(xí)慣經(jīng)常帶來高效率，而不好的習(xí)慣效果恰恰相反。
Good habits always lead_to_high_efficiency,_while bad ones bring the opposite.
3．have difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困難”
　[教材原句]　A Londoner has_more_difficulty_understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①Everyone in this city knew him, so we had_no_difficulty_(in)_finding his house.
在這個(gè)城市里，大家都認(rèn)識(shí)他，因此我們毫不費(fèi)力地找到了他的家。
②Whenever we have_trouble_with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
每當(dāng)我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)上遇到困難時(shí)，我們的老師總是耐心地幫助我們。
③Because of your coming, I think there_is_no_difficulty_(in)_finishing the task on time.
由于你的到來，我認(rèn)為按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)沒有困難。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
用法規(guī)則
(1)difficulty前可用great, much, some, any, no, little等詞修飾。
(2)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time with sth. “在某事上有難處”。
(3)There is no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.“做某事/在某事上沒有困難”。
注意事項(xiàng)
在考查句型have difficulty (in) doing sth.時(shí)，difficulty往往提前作為主句中的先行詞，定語從句中謂語成為have doing形式。

　[佳句背誦]
①(精彩開頭句)We should try our best to help those who have difficulty in studying English.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)However, I have some trouble in collecting the materials relevant and using of the language.
③(增分要點(diǎn)句)You can't imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing with the problems.



本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與自我”中的“語言學(xué)習(xí)”子話題相對(duì)應(yīng)
一、話題語素積累多一點(diǎn)
話題詞匯記一記
子話題(一)　學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容
溫故淺易詞匯
①word　?、趐hrase　③expression
④pronunciation ⑤spell ⑥grammar
識(shí)記生疏詞匯
①character n．(漢)字　　②alphabet n．字母；字母表
③vocabulary n．詞匯，詞匯量 ④idiom n．成語，習(xí)語
⑤tone n．腔調(diào)；語調(diào) ⑥stress n．重音
⑦usage n．使用，用法 ⑧term n．術(shù)語，條目

子話題(二)　學(xué)習(xí)過程
溫故淺易詞匯
①interest　?、趐ractice　?、踭ranslate ④review ⑤rapidly ⑥advice
⑦method
識(shí)記生疏詞匯
①preview vt.預(yù)習(xí)?、赿ictation n．聽寫
③drill n．& vi.訓(xùn)練，操練 ④skim v．跳讀；略讀
⑤scan v．掃讀；瀏覽 ⑥consult v．查閱；咨詢
⑦recite vt.背誦 ⑧memorize v．記住
⑨retell vt.復(fù)述 ⑩regularly adv.有規(guī)律地

子話題(三)　學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果
溫故淺易詞匯
①master　　②fluent　?、踖xact ④perfect ⑤progress ⑥improve
識(shí)記生疏詞匯
①enlarge v．?dāng)U大?、赼ccumulate v．積累；積聚
③grasp v．抓住，掌握 ④accurate adj.準(zhǔn)確的，精確的
⑤accuracy n．準(zhǔn)確，精確
⑥abundant adj.大量的，豐盛的，充裕的
⑦precise adj.準(zhǔn)確的，精確的，確切的
⑧excellent adj.極好的；優(yōu)秀的

常用詞塊憶一憶
①official language　　 　　 　　　 官方語言
②oral/spoken English 英語口語
③writing ability 寫作能力
④develop the habit of 養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣
⑤consult the dictionary 查詞典
⑥keep a diary 記日記
⑦meet with 遇到
⑧for the development of 為了……的發(fā)展
⑨develop an interest in 培養(yǎng)對(duì)……的興趣
⑩communicate with 與……交流
?have trouble in 在……方面有困難
?of great use 非常有用
?learn ... by heart 背誦，記住
?keep/bear ... in mind 記住……
?have a good knowledge of 通曉
?insist on/stick to 堅(jiān)持
?take notes 記筆記
?step by step 一步一步地
?enlarge/expand one's vocabulary 擴(kuò)大某人的詞匯量
?without difficulty 沒有困難地
寫作佳句背一背
①It is universally acknowledged that learning English well will be of great benefit to us all.
②We are supposed to learn English well because having a good command of English means more opportunities in the future.
③By learning English we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields.
　　　　二、“分步寫作”表達(dá)準(zhǔn)一點(diǎn)
話題應(yīng)用文分步寫作

假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國(guó)筆友James最近在學(xué)習(xí)中文，他來信向你咨詢?nèi)绾翁岣咧形牡目谡Z水平。請(qǐng)你用英語給他回一封電子郵件，就如何提高中文口語水平提出一些建議。
注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；
2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；
3．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear James，
　

　
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：句寫對(duì)——給詞寫句

oral, advice, improve, interest, phrase, practice, character, perfect, rapidly, progress, series, communicate with，look for　　
1．你正在學(xué)習(xí)漢語，并尋求提高中文口語的方式。
You_are_learning_Chinese_and_looking_for_ways_to_improve_your_oral_Chinese.
2．我想給你一些關(guān)于如何提高的建議。
I'd_like_to_give_you_some_advice_on_how_to_improve_it.
3．興趣是最好的老師。
Interest_is_the_best_teacher.
4．你可以看一些中文電視連續(xù)劇或電影。
You_can_watch_some_Chinese_TV_series_or_movies.
5．堅(jiān)持每天學(xué)習(xí)一些漢字和短語。
Stick_to_learning_some_Chinese_characters_and_phrases_every_day.　
6．在網(wǎng)上用中文和朋友交流。
Communicate_with_friends_online_in_Chinese.
7．這會(huì)有助于你多練習(xí)。
It_helps_you_practice_more.
8．熟能生巧。
Practice_makes_perfect.
9．只有通過多練習(xí)你才能快速提高你的中文口語。
You_can_improve_your_oral_Chinese_rapidly_only_by_practicing_more.
10．祝你在學(xué)習(xí)中文方面取得更大進(jìn)步。
Wish_you_greater_progress_in_learning_Chinese.
第二步：量寫夠——語句擴(kuò)充
11．在第1句前加入“我很高興聽說……”，并在way前加入修飾語“有效的”。
I'm_very_glad_to_hear_that_you_are_learning_Chinese_and_looking_for_effective_ways_to_improve_your_oral_Chinese.
12．在第4句前加入條件狀語“如果你喜歡看電視”。
If_you_like_watching_TV,_you_can_watch_some_Chinese_TV_series_or_movies.
13．在第6句前加上“我建議你應(yīng)當(dāng)……”。
I_suggest_that_you_should_communicate_with_friends_online_in_Chinese.
第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
1．在第2句中用It's my great honor to替代I'd like to，用present替代give。
It's_my_great_honor_to_present_you_some_advice_on_how_to_improve_it.
2．用only置于句首的倒裝句改寫第9句。
Only_by_practicing_more_can_you_improve_your_oral_Chinese_rapidly.
3．在第11句中用more than delighted替代very glad，用seek替代look for。
I'm_more_than_delighted_to_hear_that_you_are_learning_Chinese_and_seeking_effective_ways_to_improve_your_oral_Chinese.
4．用which引導(dǎo)定語從句連接第7句和第13句。
I_suggest_that_you_should_communicate_with_friends_online_in_Chinese,_which_helps_you_practice_more.
第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
根據(jù)語句間的邏輯關(guān)系，在提出建議時(shí)可使用first of all， besides， and， last but not least銜接成文。
Dear James，
I'm_more_than_delighted_to_hear_that_you_are_learning_Chinese_and_seeking_effective_ways_to_improve_your_oral_Chinese._It's_my_great_honor_to_present_you_some_advice_on_how_to_improve_it.
First_of_all,_interest_is_the_best_teacher._If_you_like_watching_TV,_you_can_watch_some_Chinese_TV_series_or_movies._Besides,_stick_to_learning_some_Chinese_characters_and_phrases_every_day._And_I_suggest_that_you_should_communicate_with_friends_online_in_Chinese,_which_helps_you_practice_more._Last_but_not_least,_practice_makes_perfect._Only_by_practicing_more_can_you_improve_your_oral_Chinese_rapidly.
Wish_you_greater_progress_in_learning_Chinese.
Yours，
Li Hua

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．(2018·天津高考書面表達(dá))The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a variety (種類) of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.
2．No official announcement (聲明) is expected until next year.
3．As a result, I have made steady (持續(xù)的) progress in my studies.
4．Obviously (顯而易見), running is beneficial to your health.
5．He is determined to pass the oral English test at his first attempt (嘗試)．
6．Mr. Smith was presented ( 贈(zèng)送) with a watch by the boss for his years' hard work.
7．Compared (比較) with/to many students in the poor areas, we are lucky.
8．As science and technology is developing rapidly (迅速地), there will be more and more electric products.
Ⅱ.語境語法填空
1．Our English teacher often presents his idea ?to us that some complex sentences can ?be_simplified (simple)．
2．I'm ?in favour of his opinion that it is difficult to judge a person only by his ?looks (look)．
3．Thanks ?to his help, I bought a ?variety (vary) of ?reference (refer) books in the bookstore without any difficulty.
4．?Obviously (obvious), some English words are similar ?to other words in spelling, but differs ?from each other in meaning, which often leads ?to much ?confusion (confuse) to students while they are studying.
Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1．我的老師告訴我只需把精力集中到小的事情上，我就能夠大有作為。(difference)
My teacher told me that by just focusing my attention on small things, I can make_a_big_difference.
2．條條大路通羅馬。我相信努力工作會(huì)有回報(bào)。(lead to)
Every_road_leads_to_Rome. I believe hard work pays off.
3．雖然他們來自不同的國(guó)家，但是他們有許多共同之處。(have ... in common)
Although they are from different countries, they have_a_lot_in_common_with_each_other.
4．專家們正設(shè)法查明許多青少年和父母交流有困難的原因。(have difficulty in doing)
The experts are trying to find out the reason why many teenagers have_difficulty_in communicating_with_their_parents.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根據(jù)提示填空
I am sorry to hear that you are worried about the ?varieties (variety) of English you have been learning and I hope I can help you.
Firstly, the ?differences (differ) between British and American English are not as big as many learners believe. There is almost no difference in grammar and only a few differences in vocabulary. British and American people understand each other ?without_difficulty (沒有困難) almost all of the time; we watch films and television from each other's countries for ?pleasure (please)．
Secondly, there is not one British or American English. ?For_example (例如), all major cities in the UK have their own dialects with different ?accents (口音) and sometimes small differences in grammar and vocabulary from each other. Sometimes these accents can be ?more_difficult (difficult) to understand for even a British person than some American Englishes. Also, there are Englishes from many other countries. People who speak these Englishes usually also manage ?to_communicate (communicate) with other English speakers without any problems.
All learners need to be able to understand English spoken and written by as many people as possible so as to be understood. You should ?concentrate_on (集中精力于) this goal, not on how ?to_speak (speak) “British” or “American” English.
(Ⅱ)片段選詞填空
compared with， words and phrases， consult the dictionary， keep a diary， meet with， stick to， have trouble in， of great use， develop the habit of， for the development of
?Keeping_a_diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability.
?Compared_with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us ?develop_the_habit_of thinking in English. If we ?stick_to this practice, gradually we will learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly ?meet_with many difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we ?have_trouble_in finding appropriate ?words_and_phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly.
As far as I am concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then ?consult_the_dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is ?of_great_use to keep a diary in English ?for_the_development_of our writing skills.

一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2018·江蘇高考)For example, there are huge amounts of reference (refer) books which I am often confused (confuse) to choose from.
2．(2016·浙江高考)They gave me presents (present) of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists.
3．(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常規(guī)) basis.
4．(2014·四川高考)Such a person has great difficulty in waking (wake) up in the mornings.
5．(2012·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I read the announcement (announce)of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am very interested in it.
6．(2012·山東高考)She says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a difference in the world.
7．(2012·安徽高考)It seemed a small challenge compared (compare) to the one I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning.
8．(2011·福建高考)Obviously (obvious), without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用lead, obvious, difference填空)
1．(2017·江蘇高考完形填空)However, one day, in the music class that was part of his school's standard curriculum, he was playing idly (隨意地) on the piano and found it easy to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually enjoyed doing it. He tried to hide his __44__ pleasure from the music teacher, who had wandered over to listen. obvious
2．(2013·遼寧高考完形填空)As she got off her bike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path __49__ to the house and then on the house itself.leading
3．(2012·天津高考完形填空)Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to accomplish. I couldn't believe the ___30___ we made — the park looked clean！difference
二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：2018年是中國(guó)改革開放40周年，隨著改革向“深水區(qū)”推進(jìn)，中外交流越來越多，語言學(xué)習(xí)成為高考的熱門話題。通過閱讀此類話題文章學(xué)生不僅可以領(lǐng)略西方語言尤其是英語的特點(diǎn)，而且可以了解語言背后的文化差異，從而激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的熱情，促進(jìn)他們身心健康地發(fā)展。在平時(shí)的話題訓(xùn)練中，應(yīng)多聚焦跨國(guó)文化交流中的語言溝通方面的素材。
[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
( 加藍(lán)詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時(shí)請(qǐng)揣摩其用法)
Long after its introduction into the New World, American English was still considered non-standard English. Mr Kahane __1__ that according to some people of the 1780s, American English was a peasant's __2__ that a “gentleman” would not speak. Considered in a bilingual point of view, British English was the __3__ language linked to reputation and linguistic purism (純粹主義). The belief in the authority or in the superior of British English, had been __4__ to the twentieth century, especially in the former British Empire or in the fields of British influence. Thus, it is __5__ that in China, teachers and school textbooks __6__ to Received Pronunciation as the model， as well as standard British syntax (句法), spelling and __7__. British English is also encouraged and referred to as the standard of some major official examinations, for example, College English Test and Test for English Majors which are __8__ by the government. Similar situations could be found in other countries; for example, in Africa, the West African Examinations Council and Joint Admissions and Matriculations Board __9__ British English as the Standard English. Reports can also be found that in Cairo, as recently as 1984, some university students received lower __10__ if they used American spellings instead of British. Floridian wrote that in Europe, “We find teachers, British people as well as __11__ of the country in which they work, who follow the British English standard, and refuse American English” .
__12__， the above attitudes are nothing __13__ the last influence of a long-gone period of British supremacy (霸權(quán))．According to Campbell and others, the beginning of a distinctive lead of American English can be traced to the decades after World War Ⅱ. This agrees with the rise of the US __14__ a military and technological power and the decline of the British Empire, which drove many to American English. And from then on, American English has continuously sent its __15__ to every corner of the planet.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了英式英語和美式英語的發(fā)展歷史及現(xiàn)狀。
1．A.made out　　　　　　　　 B．pointed out
C．turned out D．worked out
解析：選B　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處表示Kahane先生指出，故選pointed out。
2．A.word B．expression
C．spelling D．language
解析：選D　此處表示“美式英語是農(nóng)民所說的語言”，表示“語言”用language。
3．A.advanced B．confusing
C．cute D．organized
解析：選A　根據(jù)空后的“l(fā)inked to reputation and linguistic purism(純粹主義)”可以推測(cè)出，此處應(yīng)該是指英式英語是一種“高級(jí)語言”。advanced“高級(jí)的”，符合語境。
4．A.developed B．a(chǎn)dded
C．maintained D．a(chǎn)dmitted
解析：選C　結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，此處表示“這種信仰一直持續(xù)到20世紀(jì)”。maintain“持續(xù)”，符合語境。
5．A.presented B．reported
C．criticised D．imagined
解析：選B　此處表示“據(jù)報(bào)道”，下文中“Reports can also be found ...”也是信息提示。
6．A.contribute B．a(chǎn)ppeal
C．refer D．reject
解析：選C　refer to ...as ...是固定搭配，意為“把……稱作……，把……看作……”。
7．A.vocabulary B．reading
C．writing D．handwriting
解析：選A　結(jié)合常識(shí)及選項(xiàng)可知，此處表示句法、拼寫和詞匯，所以A項(xiàng)正確。
8．A.charged B．judged
C．conducted D．directed
解析：選C　官方考試是由政府組織實(shí)施的。conduct“實(shí)施”，符合語境。
8．A.accept B．compare
C．train D．look
解析：選A　此處意為“接受英式英語作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，故用accept表示“接受”。
10．A.punishments B．praise
C．a(chǎn)nnouncements D．grades
解析：選D　一些大學(xué)生如果使用了美式英語拼寫方法而不用英式英語，就會(huì)得低分。grade表示“成績(jī)”，符合語境。
11．A.foreigners B．outsiders
C．natives D．Americans
解析：選C　此處表示“英國(guó)人以及說英語的本地人”。故C項(xiàng)符合語境。
12．A.Though B．Instead
C．Yet D．However
解析：選D　空處連接上下文，且表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義，故選D項(xiàng)。
13．A.of B．but
C．to D．a(chǎn)bout
解析：選B　nothing but是一個(gè)固定短語，意為“只有，只不過”。
14．A.as B．while
C．before D．a(chǎn)fter
解析：選A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“作為”，故選as。
15．A.usage B．meaning
C．influence D．result
解析：選C　從那以后，美式英語不斷地將它的影響傳遞到地球的每一個(gè)角落。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
完形填空技法(5)——利用前后語義邏輯，巧解兩類必對(duì)題
此方法是通過分析設(shè)空處前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案，主要應(yīng)用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接作用的短語，二是考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。
以上文第12題為例：

通過上述對(duì)12空前后文已知信息的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)上下文之間是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此答案可以確定為選項(xiàng)D。


A
(2019·河北省“五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟”第二次考試)
Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”．I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regrets, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.
My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule.When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (襯墊) to the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.
I don't only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety.It's equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships.We all know people who lost a loved one regretted that they had forgone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”．When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn't be here.But then I thought about the fact that he was 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn't miss an opportunity to see him.I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.
I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality.And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I'm doing the right thing.I'm buying myself peace of mind and that's the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.
語篇解讀：“我”認(rèn)為英語中最悲傷的兩個(gè)詞是“if only”，因?yàn)樗鼈儽磉_(dá)了遺憾、錯(cuò)失的機(jī)會(huì)、錯(cuò)誤和失望。父親在“我”小時(shí)候經(jīng)常告訴我們花費(fèi)額外的時(shí)間也要把事情做好來避免遺憾，“我”聽從父親的建議并認(rèn)為這樣做是對(duì)的。
1．Why does the writer regard “if only” as two of the saddest words in the English language?
A．Because people use them when they feel sad.
B．Because they express regrets, lost opportunities, mistakes and disappointment in life.
C．Because they remind the writer of some sad experiences.
D．Because they mean sadness in the English language.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Two of the saddest words in the English language are ‘if only’ ...because they convey regrets, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment”可知，“我”認(rèn)為英語中最令人傷心的兩個(gè)詞是“if only”，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)詞表達(dá)了遺憾、錯(cuò)失的機(jī)會(huì)、錯(cuò)誤和失望，故選B項(xiàng)。
2．What's the meaning of the underlined word “forgone” in Paragraph 3?
A．Given up.　　　　　　 B．Come across.
C．Got through. D．Held back.
解析：選A　詞義猜測(cè)題。該詞所在的句子表達(dá)的意思是：我們都認(rèn)識(shí)這樣的人，他們?cè)谑ニ鶒壑撕髸?huì)后悔錯(cuò)失了說“我愛你”或“我原諒你”的機(jī)會(huì)。所以畫線詞表示“失去了”，和短語give up意思接近。故選A項(xiàng)。
3．The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ________.
A．see a doctor B．finish her work
C．join a celebration D．a(chǎn)ccompany her father
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的關(guān)鍵信息“decided to go to her office”對(duì)應(yīng)原文倒數(shù)第二段中的“I had decided to go to work”。從倒數(shù)第二段可以看出，“我”知道父親要去自己辦公室對(duì)面看眼科醫(yī)生時(shí)，本來打算按原計(jì)劃休假，但突然意識(shí)到父親已經(jīng)84歲了，所以“我”決定即便是自己的休息日，為了陪父親，也會(huì)去上班。故選D項(xiàng)。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Advice from My Father
B．Avoidance of Saying “If Only”
C．The “Extra Minute” Rule
D．The Importance of Emotional Well-being
解析：選B　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)首尾段的第一句話及文章大意可知，本文主要是針對(duì)避免說英語中最傷心的兩個(gè)詞“if only”進(jìn)行闡述的，所以B項(xiàng)“避免說‘if only’”符合全文內(nèi)容。
B
(2019·石家莊市高中畢業(yè)班模擬)Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies.Most time the task is easily accomplished with parents reading or talking to their babies.However, in some cases that is not possible due to busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf.Now, an adorable blue-eyed robot, a human avatar, and some high-tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.
The Robot AVatar thermal-Enhanced system, or RAVE, is the brainchild of a team of researchers led by Laura-Ann Petitto, an educational neuroscientist, at Washington, D．C.'s Gallaudet University.The learning process begins when the robot's camera, which is focused on the baby's face, detects tiny changes in his/her body temperature.This, combined with the baby's facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby's attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would.For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar might respond, “Are you pointing to me？” and follow that up with a nursery rhyme, fairy tale, or some essential social communication, all in American Sign Language (ASL)．The “conversation” continues until the kid loses interest.
The researchers, who have been testing the system for three years, found that babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their hands in a rhythm similar to ASL after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes.Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, activates the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motions prove the babies are learning the essential elements of communication.
What sets this technique apart from other methods, such as showing educational videos or television shows, is its interactive nature and real-time response to the baby's actions.The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system's long-term influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging.Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說明文，主要介紹了一種可以幫助父母教嬰兒學(xué)習(xí)語言的系統(tǒng)，以及該系統(tǒng)的工作原理、效果評(píng)價(jià)和研究人員對(duì)這種技術(shù)的展望。
5．What can the RAVE system help parents do?
A．Improve babies' health condition.
B．Take good care of babies.
C．Develop babies' language skills.
D．Keep babies company.
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，專家認(rèn)為教孩子語言技能的最佳時(shí)間是孩子的嬰兒時(shí)期；結(jié)合第一段尾句“Now, an adorable blue-eyed robot ... assist parents with this important developmental task.”以及第二段中的“The Robot ...a team of researchers”可知， RAVE系統(tǒng)可以幫助父母完成教嬰兒學(xué)習(xí)語言的任務(wù)，故C項(xiàng)正確。
6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．How babies learn ASL effectively.
B．How parents educate their babies.
C．How robots talk and read to babies.
D．How the RAVE system works.
解析：選D　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第二、第三句可知，機(jī)器人的攝像頭可以檢測(cè)到嬰兒細(xì)微的體溫變化并與嬰兒的面部表情相結(jié)合，使機(jī)器人轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)頭部，引導(dǎo)嬰兒注意電腦屏幕，在電腦屏幕上，一個(gè)人類的形象開始與嬰兒交流，就像父母一樣；結(jié)合全段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了RAVE系統(tǒng)的工作原理，故D項(xiàng)正確。
7．What indicates babies are learning with the help of the RAVE system?
A．Interest in videos and TV shows.
B．Changes in their body temperature.
C．Improvement in their natural language.
D．Hand movements in a rhythm like ASL.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“babies as young ...a few minutes”可知，在和這種系統(tǒng)交流互動(dòng)之后，嬰兒就會(huì)開始以類似于ASL的節(jié)奏晃動(dòng)他們的手，故D項(xiàng)正確。
8．What do the researchers think of the RAVE system?
A．Promising. B．Impractical.
C．Satisfactory. D．Disappointing.
解析：選A　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、第三句可知，盡管對(duì)這種系統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)嬰兒交流技能的長(zhǎng)期影響進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)為時(shí)過早，但是其初期的表現(xiàn)令人鼓舞，研究人員將在下一步推出可以用手語和口語與嬰兒交流的形象。據(jù)此可知，研究人員對(duì)這種系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展是充滿著希望的，A項(xiàng)意為“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合語境。


英語朗讀寶
相關(guān)資料 更多
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，請(qǐng)掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，申請(qǐng) 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊(cè)
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊(cè)

手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)碼

手機(jī)號(hào)格式錯(cuò)誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個(gè)字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號(hào)

注冊(cè)即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊(cè)協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
微信注冊(cè)

注冊(cè)成功

返回
頂部