Module 3 The Violence of Nature



一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時(shí)高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．hurricane n．　　　　　　　　　颶風(fēng)
2．lightning n. 閃電
3．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
4．tornado n. 龍卷風(fēng)
5．current n. 海流；潮流
6．feather n. 羽毛
7．fur n. (動(dòng)物的)毛皮
8．tropical adj. 熱帶的
9．wave n. 波浪
10．earthquake n. 地震
11．a(chǎn)sh n. 灰
12．volcano n. 火山
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫其形)
1．disaster n．　　　　　災(zāi)難
2．flood n. 洪水
3．cause vt. 引起；導(dǎo)致
4．bury vt. 埋葬
5．occur vi. 發(fā)生
6．strike vt.&n. (雷電、暴風(fēng)雨等)襲擊
7．ruin vt. 毀壞
8．previous adj. 以前的
9．worldwide adj. 全世界的
10．a(chǎn)ctive adj. 積極的；活躍的
11．damage n．&v. 損失；損害
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．experience vt.經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn) n．經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)驗(yàn)→experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
2．furniture n．家具→furnish vt.裝備；配備
3．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)烈的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地；強(qiáng)烈地
4．erupt vt.(火山的)爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)→eruption n．(火山的)爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)
5．possibility n．可能；可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地→impossible adj.不可能的
6．terrifying adj.嚇人的；可怕的→terrified adj.感到害怕的；極度恐懼的→terrify vt.使害怕；使恐懼
7．luckily adv.幸運(yùn)地；幸虧→lucky adj.幸運(yùn)的→luck n．運(yùn)氣；幸運(yùn)
8．thankfully adv.感激地；滿懷感謝地→thankful adj.感激的；感謝的→thank vt.&n.感謝；謝謝
9．hopefully adv.滿懷希望地；有希望地→hopeful adj.有希望的→hope v．& n．希望；期望
10．sadly adv.傷心地；不幸地→sad adj.傷心的→sadness n．悲傷
11．fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地；幸虧→fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的→fortune n．運(yùn)氣；財(cái)富
12．warning n．警告→warn v．警告
[語(yǔ)境活用]
1．He is an experienced teacher and has twenty years' teaching experience.(experience)
2．The terrible weather made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there is a possibility that the trip plan would be abandoned.(possible)
3．What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train.It was really a terrifying scene, and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a high-speed train.(terrify)
4．He warned me not to leave without permission, but I didn't accept his warning.(warn)
5．Many bad men struck their neighborhoods violently. People were angry at their violent behavior and resisted their violence bravely. (violent)

(二)練中記短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語(yǔ)境活用(選用左欄短語(yǔ)填空)
1.pick_up　　　　卷起；掀起；拾起；用車接；(偶然)學(xué)會(huì)；好轉(zhuǎn)
2．take_off 去掉；脫掉；起飛
3．set_fire_to 放火(焚燒)……
4．catch_fire 著火
5．put_out 撲滅(火)
6．on_average 平均起來(lái)
7．end_up 結(jié)果為……，以……結(jié)束
8．in_all 總共；總計(jì)
9．refer_to 指的是；談到；涉及；參考
1.The store caught_fire. Fortunately, all the people there escaped from it.
2．A fire broke out in the building last night. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time and put_out the fire.
3．On_average each report requires 10 hours to prepare.
4．The teacher said there were twelve in_all who had failed the exam.
5．I believe the house was deliberately set_fire_to.
6．It was not until she took_off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
7．Twenty men fell into the water and were picked_up by other boats. As a result, they missed the fighting on the beach.
8．If you don't eat less, you'll end_up looking like a whale！

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它們(龍卷風(fēng))能毀掉房子，卻把房?jī)?nèi)的家具留在原處。
leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
大部分飯菜賓客都沒動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗鼈兊奈兜啦豢煽凇?br /> The guests left_most_of_the_dishes_untouched,_because they didn't taste delicious.
2.On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
平均來(lái)說(shuō)，美國(guó)每年發(fā)生800次龍卷風(fēng)，造成大約80人死亡，1 500人受傷。
現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
大自然為我們的國(guó)家提供了豐富的自然寶藏，使之成為我們幸福的家園。
Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making_it_a_happy_home_for_us.
3.When the lava reached the sea, there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
當(dāng)巖漿涌進(jìn)大海時(shí)，有可能引發(fā)巨大浪潮，足以淹沒半個(gè)島嶼。
there is/was the possibility of ...表示“有……的可能性”。
(2016·10月浙江高考寫作)幾乎沒有可能繼續(xù)在黑暗中沿著小溪行走，但是簡(jiǎn)沒有放棄。
There_was_little_possibility_of continuing walking along the stream in the darkness, but Jane didn't give up.

二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化

1．experience vt.經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn) n．經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)驗(yàn)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2017·北京高考) After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences (experience) at school.
②(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced (experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.
③Do you have any experience in teaching English?
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)with much/rich experience　 具有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)
in/from one's experience 根據(jù)某人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)看
have experience in ... 有……的經(jīng)驗(yàn)
(2)experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；熟練的
be experienced in/at 在……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④ (2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))上周，我們帶領(lǐng)外國(guó)學(xué)生在我們學(xué)校體驗(yàn)正宗的(authentic)茶文化，結(jié)果證明是非常值得的。
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to_experience_the_authentic_tea culture,_which_turned_out_to_be_extremely_rewarding.
2．cause vt.引起；導(dǎo)致；使遭受n.原因；事業(yè)；目標(biāo)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The poor harvest caused prices to_rise (rise) sharply.
②Drunk driving is one of the most common causes (cause) of traffic accidents.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)cause sb. sth.　　　　　 給某人造成某種結(jié)果
cause sb.to do sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事
(2)the cause of ... ……的原因
cause and effect 因果；因果關(guān)系
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
③根據(jù)最近的調(diào)查研究，喝濃咖啡與患心臟病并沒有必然的因果關(guān)系。
According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is_not_necessarily cause and_effect.
3．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使專心
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
bury one's head/face in one's hands　 用手抱頭/掩面
bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋頭于；專心于
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
②隨著高考臨近，我們高三學(xué)生都在埋頭于繁忙的學(xué)習(xí)中。
As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, we_senior_high_school_students are_buried_in_busy_work.

表示“專注于；致力于；埋頭于”的短語(yǔ)還有：
①be devoted to＝devote oneself to
②be occupied with＝occupy oneself with/in doing
③be absorbed in 　　?、躢oncentrate on
⑤focus on ⑥fix one's attention on

4．occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；(想法、念頭等)想起，浮現(xiàn)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①A good idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.
②It occurred to me to_go (go) to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
sth. occurs to sb.　　　　　　　　 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
③連同你的精彩創(chuàng)新，你需要上交一份報(bào)告，解釋你是如何想到這個(gè)主意的以及你所用的材料。
Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining_how the_idea occurred to_you_and_what_materials_you_used.
5．strike vt.(雷電、暴風(fēng)雨等)襲擊；突然想到；擊中；敲(鐘)；(時(shí)鐘)報(bào)時(shí)；擦燃(火柴)；打動(dòng) n．(雷電、暴風(fēng)雨等)襲擊；罷工
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
寫出下列句中strike的含義
①The town hall clock struck midnight.(時(shí)鐘)報(bào)時(shí)
②She lost her temper and struck him in the face.擊中
③Within half an hour, all the drivers were out on strike.罷工
④What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.打動(dòng)
⑤It was extremely dark in the passage so he struck a match.擦燃
單句語(yǔ)法填空
⑥The first time he met the girl he was_struck (strike) by her wisdom and fell in love with her.
⑦What is most striking (strike) is how smart the children are.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)strike sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體部位　 打某人某處
sth.strikes sb.＝sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It strikes sb.that .../It strikes sb. to do ... 某人突然想到……
(2)be on strike　　　　　　　　　　 在罷工
go on strike 舉行罷工
(3)striking adj. 引人注目的，突出的
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑧我突然想到，我們應(yīng)該制訂一個(gè)新的方案。
It_struck/hit/occurred_to_me_that_we_ought_to_make_a_new_plan._

1．pick up卷起；掀起；拾起；接收(信號(hào))；(偶然)學(xué)會(huì)；得到；整理；用車接；好轉(zhuǎn)；買到
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
寫出下列句中pick up的含義
①Will you pick up all your toys？整理
②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly.接收
③I'll pick you up at your home tomorrow.用車接
④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.(偶然)學(xué)會(huì)
⑤Business has been depressed but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas.好轉(zhuǎn)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
pick out　　　　　 挑出；辨別出；挑選；領(lǐng)會(huì)；理解
pick off 摘掉；摘下來(lái)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
⑥The insecticide might harm the flowers. Let's pick off the insects by hand.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑦我的父母想讓我和他們一起去機(jī)場(chǎng)接他。
My_parents_want_me_to_go_to_the_airport_with_them_to_pick_him_up.
2．end up結(jié)果為……；以……結(jié)束
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①While studying, fix your mind on what is really important, or you will end up remembering (remember) nothing.
②Anderson was born into a poor family, but ended up as one of the greatest writers of his time.
③If we neglect our future, we'll end up in failure.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)end up doing sth.　　　 以……而告終
end (up) in 以……告終；結(jié)果為……
end (up) with 以……結(jié)束(指以某種方式結(jié)束)
end up as 最終成為……
(2)come to an end 結(jié)束
put/bring an end to 結(jié)束……
in the end 最后，終于
make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入為出
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
補(bǔ)全句子
④The football match came_to_an_end,_and the crowd soon cleared away from the football ground.
足球比賽結(jié)束了，人群不久就從足球場(chǎng)消失了。
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤最后，當(dāng)我們校長(zhǎng)宣布獲勝者時(shí)，整個(gè)地方爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲和歡呼聲。
In_the_end,_when our headmaster announced the winners, the whole place burst out with clapping and cheering.
3．leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
　[教材原句]　They can destroy houses, but leave_the_furniture_inside exactly where_it_was.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①Don't leave_the_light_on when you are not in the room.
不在房間時(shí)，別讓燈開著。
②Jack's humour in his speech left_the_audience__laughing all the time.
杰克在演講中的風(fēng)趣幽默使聽眾一直大笑。
③What disappoints me is that she leaves_me_to_finish the work by myself.
使我失望的是她讓我一個(gè)人完成這項(xiàng)工作。
④You should make it a rule to leave_things_where_you_can_find_them_again.
把東西放在能夠再次找到的地方，你們應(yīng)該把這一點(diǎn)作為一條規(guī)矩。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
用法規(guī)則
leave用作使役動(dòng)詞，常跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，有以下構(gòu)成方式：
(1)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)
(2)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋分詞
(3)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式
(4)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句/as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句
注意事項(xiàng)
在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓補(bǔ)為現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)，通常表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；賓補(bǔ)為過(guò)去分詞時(shí)，通常表示被動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作；賓補(bǔ)為不定式時(shí)，通常表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)We can often see many students leave the water running and some let the lights on for a long time, which causes a serious waste of resources.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)You'd better leave the door open to let in the fresh air.



本單元語(yǔ)篇話題與新課程主題語(yǔ)境“人與自然”中的“自然災(zāi)害與防范”子話題相對(duì)應(yīng)
一、話題語(yǔ)素積累多一點(diǎn)
話題詞匯記一記
子話題(一)　各種自然災(zāi)害
溫故淺易詞匯
①earthquake　?、趂ire?、踗lood ④natural disaster ⑤hurricane
識(shí)記生疏詞匯
①catastrophe n．大災(zāi)難?、趘olcano n．火山
③drought n．干旱 ④sandstorm n．沙塵暴
⑤landslide n．滑坡 ⑥typhoon n．臺(tái)風(fēng)

子話題(二)　自然災(zāi)害的發(fā)生及影響
溫故淺易詞匯
①hit?、趕trike?、踨uin ④destroy ⑤damage ⑥destructive
識(shí)記生疏詞匯
①destruction n．破壞　 ②consequence n．結(jié)果
③release n．&v.釋放 ④severe adj.嚴(yán)重的，劇烈的
⑤magnitude n．[地震] 震級(jí) ⑥victim n．受害人
⑦epicenter n．震中 ⑧aftershock n．余震
⑨muddy adj.泥濘的 ⑩lava n．火山巖漿

常用詞塊憶一憶
①donate ... to ...　　　　　　 向……捐贈(zèng)……
②come to one's rescue 前來(lái)救某人
③be trapped in ruins 被困在廢墟中
④rebuild one's home 重建某人的家園
⑤have much to do with 與……有很大的關(guān)系
⑥burn down 燒毀
⑦be/become aware of/that 意識(shí)到
⑧from bad to worse 每況愈下
⑨recover from 從……中恢復(fù)
⑩cut down 砍倒
?volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
?bring ... under control 對(duì)……加以控制
?in harmony with nature 與自然和諧相處
?take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
?return to normal 恢復(fù)正常
寫作佳句背一背
①A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
②Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
③The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disaster-stricken areas.
二、“分步寫作”表達(dá)準(zhǔn)一點(diǎn)　對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P94

概要寫作要點(diǎn)歸納精準(zhǔn)化

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
The guest speaker is a person who is asked to speak at an event.The person is usually not deeply connected with the event. Instead the guest speaker may support the event by sharing knowledge, offering support, or entertaining others.Speakers may give a special speech at the beginning, praising the efforts of community workers, or interesting children or college students in an educational or informative way.In each case, they are defined (給……下定義) by the fact that they will speak or otherwise communicate, and they have been invited to do so.
Even in the smallest events, the guest speaker can be well worth hearing.Coming from outside of the shared opinion of those organizing or attending an event, they often bring something new to it and provide great fodder (草料) for future conversations.Typically, their success depends upon how well they can give a speech.
Clearly the successful guest speaker must be able to make a speech that will be enjoyed and well received by the audience.Some preparation is necessary, and some speakers fully write speeches or memorize them.It helps very much if the guest speaker is given information on how long he or she should speak, and perhaps what topics would be of most interest to the audience.
Almost equal in importance is an introduction to the guest speaker, which should also be well prepared. Especially in large event settings, the person making the introduction should give a little information about the background of the speaker, name some of his or her achievements, and then perhaps suggest why the speaker is present.One of the reasons that these introductions can fail sometimes is that the person doing the introduction doesn't really know who the speaker is, which is why introductions take some preparation.It may be necessary to do a little reading on the history or background of the speaker to make certain that the introduction is flattering (討人歡喜的) and provides exact information.
[寫作步驟]
第一步：歸納主旨大意
主旨大意：本文是說(shuō)明文，分為4個(gè)段落，主要向讀者說(shuō)明了應(yīng)邀發(fā)言者的概念及相關(guān)的一些情況。
文章結(jié)構(gòu)：
guest speaker
第二步：提煉關(guān)鍵詞
Paragraph 1：
1.The_guest_speaker is a person who is asked_to_speak at an event.
2．The person is usually not_deeply_connected_with the event.
3．The guest speaker may support_the_event_by_sharing knowledge, offering support, or entertaining others.
Paragraph 2：
4.The guest speaker can be well_worth_hearing even in the_smallest_events.
5．They often bring_something_new to it.
6．Their success depends upon how_well they can give a speech.

續(xù)表

Paragraph 3：
7.The successful guest speaker must be able to make a speech that will be enjoyed and well_received_by_the_audience.
8．Some preparation is necessary.
Paragraph 4：
9.Almost equal_in_importance is an introduction_to_the_guest_speaker.
10．Those who introduce the guest speaker should make_some_preparations.

第三步：合并和改寫
1．要點(diǎn)1(主題句)
改寫：The guest speaker is a person asked_to_speak at an event.
2．要點(diǎn)2和3
合并：Though they have little to do with the event, they may play a part in the event in many ways.
改寫：Though usually having_little_to_do_with the event, they may contribute to it.
3．要點(diǎn)4和5
合并：Guest speakers usually add new views to the event, so they can be well worth hearing even in the smallest events.
改寫：Guest speakers usually add new perspectives, so they can be well worth hearing however small the_events_may_be.
4．要點(diǎn)6、7、8
合并：To make a speech that pleases the audience, guest speakers should do some preparation work, because their success depends upon how well they can give a speech.
改寫：To make a speech that appeals_to the audience, they should do some preparation work for the purpose of being successful.
5．要點(diǎn)9和10
合并：As the introduction to the guest speaker is equal in importance, those who introduce the guest speaker should make some preparations.
改寫：Considering the_equal_importance_of_an_introduction to the guest speaker, those who introduce them should make some preparations.
第四步：核查成文
核查連貫性，優(yōu)先考慮使用最短連接詞；核查標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法；核查詞數(shù)。最終成文如下：
The guest speaker is a person asked to speak at an event.(要點(diǎn)1)Though usually having little to do with the event, they may contribute to it.(要點(diǎn)2)Guest speakers usually add new perspectives, so they can be well worth hearing however small the events may be.(要點(diǎn)3)To make a speech that appeals to the audience, they should do some preparation work for the purpose of being successful.(要點(diǎn)4)Considering the equal importance of an introduction to the guest speaker, those who introduce them should make some preparations.(要點(diǎn)5)

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．A strange idea occurred (想起，浮現(xiàn)) to him when he was wandering in the street.
2．In previous (以前的) time, I didn't realize how valuable his advice was.
3．A noisy motorway has ruined (毀壞) the peaceful village life.
4．These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage (損害)．
5．Is there any possibility (可能性) that we can work out the problem without the teacher's help?
6．She is still very active (活躍的), in spite of her advanced years.
7．She blamed her failure on lack of experience (經(jīng)驗(yàn))．
8．An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster (災(zāi)難) happened.
9．The abrupt change of the climate has drawn worldwide (全世界的) attention to the benefit of green energy.
10．It suddenly began to rain on the way home. Fortunately (幸運(yùn)的是), a kind driver gave me a lift.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)法填空
1．The factory ?caught (catch) fire last week. Although it was put ?out by the firefighters, plenty of losses have been brought about. The police suspected that someone set fire ?to it. After making some investigations, it was found that a burning cigarette end caused the fire. Of course, the man concerned was to blame for it, and ended ?up in prison.
2．Great changes have taken place in our school since 2000. Although there are 3,000 students ?in all in our school, almost half of them have been admitted to key universities. So every time we refer ?to our school, we can't help feeling proud of it. I wish every one of our school could take ?off in the coming year.
3．A violent hurricane suddenly ?struck (strike) the area yesterday, ?causing (cause) many houses to fall down. Many people had their possessions ?buried (bury) under the ruins, thus becoming homeless. To their relief, the government took measures in time to help them out after it ?occurred (occur)．
Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子/句式升級(jí)
1．在那么重要的考試中他竟然查閱筆記，真是太愚蠢了。(refer to)
It was too foolish of him to_refer_to_his_notes during that important test.
2．如果一個(gè)人在事故中傷得很重，你最好讓他待在原地不要?jiǎng)铀?leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ))
If a person is badly injured in an accident, you'd better leave_him_where_he_is.
3．很容易從人群中辨認(rèn)出他，因?yàn)樗麄€(gè)子很高。(pick out)
It's_easy_to_pick_him_out in a crowd because he is very tall.
4．Is it possible that we can finish the task in such a short time?
→Is_there_a_possibility_that we can finish the task in such a short time？(possibility)
5．The fog was so heavy that it made it impossible for us to get there on time.
→The fog was so heavy, making_it_impossible_for_us_to_get_there on time.(分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根據(jù)提示填空
A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers ?stuck (stick) in airports. Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active ?volcanoes (volcano) in Europe. What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier (冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer (層) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts ?pressure_(press) on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava (巖漿) from the volcano then ?comes (come) up to the surface. This is ?exactly (exact) what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make ?changes (change) to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe's biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane's engines, ?causing_damage (導(dǎo)致?lián)p壞) to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside ?to_stop (stop) them from eating ash-covered grass or the sharp object.
(Ⅱ)片段選詞填空
purely， hurricane， use， character， develop， destructive， keep out of， cause
When newspapers and radio describe the damage ?caused by a hurricane named Hazel, girls named Hazel are probably teased by their friends. To ?keep_out_of trouble, the Weather Bureau says, “Any resemblance between hurricane names and the names of particular girls is ?purely accidental.”
Some women became angry because ?hurricanes are given their names, but many other women are proud to see their names make headlines. They don't even care that they are the names of ?destructive storms. Because more women seem to like it than dislike it, the Weather Bureau has decided to continue ?using girl's names for hurricanes.
In some ways a hurricane is like a person. After it is born, it grows and ?develops,_then becomes old and dies. Each hurricane has a ?character of its own. Each follows its own path through the world, and people remember it long after it is gone. So it is natural to give hurricanes' names, and to talk about them almost if they were alive.


一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語(yǔ)法填空
1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)．
2．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water.
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)What's more, everyone of you will be welcome to take active (act) part in the activity, enjoying the movie.
4．(2017·天津高考)I'm buried (bury) in the English novels every day, therefore I have made great progress in my English study.
5．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
6．(2016·北京高考)The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.
7．(2015·天津高考)At the same time, we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class, which you can refer to to learn more about China.
8．(2015·浙江高考)Once we were left to_decide (decide) whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用experience, cause, occur, strike, pick up填空)
1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ完形填空)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __52__ to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar.occurred
2．(2018·天津高考完形填空) I learned this lesson from a(n) __17__ many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.experience
3．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ完形填空)I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have __59__ us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens.caused
4．(2017·天津高考完形填空)My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise ＄50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world __26__ me as the perfect solution.struck
5．(2012·天津高考完形填空)I tried __23__ trash (垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so tired of it that I decided something had to change.picking_up
二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：人類在大自然面前是渺小的。然而，人類在自然災(zāi)害面前體現(xiàn)出的精神是“團(tuán)結(jié)一致”的正能量，這種“團(tuán)結(jié)一致，勇往直前”的精神讓我們?cè)诿鎸?duì)災(zāi)難時(shí)變得更加強(qiáng)大。高考也會(huì)圍繞此類話題進(jìn)行命題，以弘揚(yáng)正能量。
[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語(yǔ)篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
( 加藍(lán)詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時(shí)請(qǐng)揣摩其用法)
[1]The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：
[2]Can we predict earthquakes?
[3]Can we control earthquakes?
[4]To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (斷層) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.
[5]However, there have been some interesting developments the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground.Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.
[6]When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes; that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：為了提高人們對(duì)地震的防范意識(shí)，美國(guó)政府加大了在防震、預(yù)測(cè)方面的投入，他們甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的發(fā)生。
1．Earthquakes belts are_________.
A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur
B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes
C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface
D．the two layers of earth along a fault
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句可知，地震多發(fā)地帶被稱為earthquake belts。
2．The San Andreas fault is________.
A．a(chǎn)n active fault system
B．a(chǎn) place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly
C．a(chǎn) place where earthquakes have been controlled
D．a(chǎn)t the foot of the Rocky Mountain
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，該地區(qū)為科學(xué)家密切關(guān)注的最活躍的斷層系統(tǒng)之一。
3．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.
B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.
C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.
D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段尾句可知答案。
4．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.
B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.
C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.
D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)科學(xué)家的試驗(yàn)，通過(guò)向斷裂帶注水可以引發(fā)小地震，從而使地震的能量得到釋放，因此也就降低了大地震爆發(fā)的可能。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
細(xì)節(jié)理解技法(3)——兩步攻克事實(shí)詢問(wèn)題
事實(shí)詢問(wèn)題，這類試題通常以疑問(wèn)詞what/who/when/where/why/how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，就文章中某一詞語(yǔ)、某一句子、某一段落或某一具體細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。
解答此類試題的兩個(gè)步驟：①首先要弄清題目和每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義；②然后按題目要求尋找與之相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，正確估計(jì)答案來(lái)源。同時(shí)要注意題目和文章中的暗示作用。
例如上文第3題，根據(jù)文章最后一段的表述，可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。

Ⅰ.完形填空
If you're walking through Boston during a downpour, you might see a poem appear before your eyes. For nearly a year, Bostonians __1__ the city streets in the rain may have __2__ poems written on the sidewalks.
Titled “Raining Poetry”， this __3__ resulted from cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston. The first poems were installed to __4__ the start of National Poetry Month, with several more __5__ to the city's streets last May 13. These poems cannot be seen during dry, __6__ weather, but appear like magic__7__raindrops start falling from the sky.
The poems were __8__ by Danielle Legros Georges, Boston's poet laureate (桂冠詩(shī)人). They are all based on their __9__ to Boston, as well as the general themes of water and rain.
“I wanted to draw works from poets influential in the Boston-area literary, educational or cultural fields，” Georges said.
The poems are __10__ to the sidewalks in a matter of minutes and should wear away in six to eight weeks. While all of the poems __11__ installed are written in English, Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add __12__ ones in the many languages that are __13__ throughout Boston.
“Our hope is in the next two years everyone in the state will meet a poem in their __14__ lives at least once or twice a month，” says Siegel.“This is a fun and __15__ way to bring poetry to the people.”
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。波士頓的街道上藏著秘密詩(shī)歌，只要一下雨，這些詩(shī)歌就會(huì)出現(xiàn)在城市的人行道上。
1．A.cleaning　　　　　　　B．searching
C．wandering D．repairing
解析：選C　根據(jù)上文中的“you're walking through Boston”可知，此處指波士頓人漫步(wandering)在雨中的城市街頭。
2．A.copied B．laughed at
C．published D．come across
解析：選D　根據(jù)上文中的“you might see ... appear before your eyes”可知，波士頓人可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)(come across)寫在人行道上的詩(shī)歌。
3．A.theory B．project
C．routine D．problem
解析：選B　結(jié)合上文中的“Titled‘Raining Poetry’”和下文中的“cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston”可知，“雨天詩(shī)歌”是非營(yíng)利組織Mass Poetry和波士頓市的合作項(xiàng)目(project)。
4．A.record B．describe
C．determine D．celebrate
解析：選D　根據(jù)空后的“the start of National Poetry Month”可知，第一批安裝的詩(shī)歌是為了慶祝(celebrate)“全國(guó)詩(shī)歌月”的開始。
5．A.added B．related
C．compared D．contributed
解析：選A　結(jié)合上文中的“The first poems”和空前的“several more”可知，安裝好第一批詩(shī)歌后，又增加(added)了更多的詩(shī)歌。
6．A.rainy B．foggy
C．sunny D．snowy
解析：選C　根據(jù)空前的“dry”可知，這些詩(shī)歌在干燥、晴朗的(sunny)天氣里是看不到的。
7．A.once B．before
C．until D．though
解析：選A　下雨是詩(shī)歌出現(xiàn)的必要條件，所以此處填once。
8．A.read B．selected
C．invented D．translated
解析：選B　根據(jù)下面一段中的“I wanted ... poets influential in the Boston-area literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，這些詩(shī)歌是由波士頓桂冠詩(shī)人Danielle Legros Georges選取(selected)的。
9．A.ticket B．passage
C．entrance D．relationship
解析：選D　根據(jù)下文中的“the general themes of water and rain”和“... from poets influential in the Boston-area literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，所選詩(shī)歌都是和波士頓有一定關(guān)系(relationship)的或其主題是關(guān)于水和雨的。
10．A.fixed B．a(chǎn)pplied
C．expanded D．turned
解析：選A　根據(jù)上文第4空所在句中的“installed”可知，這些詩(shī)歌被安裝(fixed)在人行道上。
11．A.formally B．currently
C．properly D．frequently
解析：選B　根據(jù)下文中的“Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add ...ones in the many languages”可知，目前(currently)安裝的詩(shī)歌都是用英語(yǔ)書寫的。
12．A.easy B．hard
C．old D．new
解析：選D　根據(jù)上文中的“hopes to add”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加一些其他語(yǔ)種的新的(new)詩(shī)歌。
13．A.studied B．spoken
C．ignored D．preserved
解析：選B　結(jié)合上文中的“many languages ”和下文中的 “throughout Boston”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加在波士頓講的其他語(yǔ)言寫成的詩(shī)歌。故spoken符合語(yǔ)境。
14．A.professional B．personal
C．lonely D．daily
解析：選D　根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)境可知，Siegel希望人們?cè)谧约喝粘５?daily)生活中能經(jīng)?？吹皆?shī)歌。
15．A.typical B．familiar
C．unusual D．impossible
解析：選C　在人行道上安裝詩(shī)歌是一種有趣的、不尋常的(unusual)方式。
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空
(2019·重慶模擬)Now, I'd like to share what I __1__ (learn) through Travelling Guide a few weeks ago.
Thousands of visitors each year enjoy Haleakala National Park, one of __2__ most unusual national parks in the United States, on the island of Maui.Ships stop at the island and buses take __3__ (group) of visitors to see the huge volcano there.Visitors also may take a walk in the rain forest __4__ (create) by the volcano thousands of years ago.
The park offers visitors a sight of nature at __5__ majorities of people never have the chance to take a look.At the top of Haleakala, __6__ (look) down inside what is the most active part of the volcano, we can see that the volcano has left thousands of different shapes of lava (熔巖) stone ever since.Hundreds of years __7__ rain and bright sun have cut long paths in the stone.There are mainly 3 stone areas.One big area seems __8__ (be) deep and dark red.__9__ two areas seem almost yellow and green.It looks as if someone spilled (潑灑) many colors of paint over the huge areas.The lava stone areas are __10__ (color) because the lava is rich in many kinds of minerals.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了哈雷阿卡拉國(guó)家公園。
1．learned/learnt　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)本句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“a few weeks ago”可知，該空應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
2．the　考查冠詞。此處表示“美國(guó)最不同尋常的國(guó)家公園之一”，這里應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾national parks，故該空填the。
3．groups　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上文中的Thousands of visitors可知游客很多，又因group是可數(shù)名詞，這里表示“成群的游客”，故用group的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
4．created　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，forest后面的部分作定語(yǔ)修飾rain forest，且rain forest與動(dòng)詞create之間在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。
5．which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句中的“The park offers visitors a sight of nature”是主句，“at __5__ majorities ... a look”是定語(yǔ)從句，空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作at的賓語(yǔ)，代指a sight of nature，故用which。
6．looking　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句中第二個(gè)逗號(hào)后面的部分是主句，這里應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，look與主句的主語(yǔ)we構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故該處用現(xiàn)在分詞。
7．of　考查介詞。of用于month, year等名詞后以表示某狀態(tài)或活動(dòng)持續(xù)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)。
8．to be　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。seem to do sth.為固定用法。
9．Another　考查限定詞。根據(jù)上文中的3 stone areas和One big area可知，這里用Another。another two areas表示“另外兩個(gè)地區(qū)”。
10．colorful　考查形容詞。該空作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，故用形容詞。colorful表示“色彩豐富的”。


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