Unit 1 Great scientists



一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查

(一)分類記單詞——省時高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1.characteristic n．　　特征；特性
2.radium n. 鐳
3.analyse vt. 分析
4.physician n. 醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師
5.outbreak n. 爆發(fā)；發(fā)作(尤指疾病或戰(zhàn)爭)
6.victim n. 受害者
7.enquiry n. 詢問
8.neighbourhood n. 附近；鄰近
9.pump n. 泵；抽水機
vt. (用泵)抽(水)
10.firework n. 煙火(燃放)
11.chart n. 圖表
12.enthusiastic adj. 熱情的；熱心的
Ⅱ.重點單詞(寫其形)
1.defeat vt.　　打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫
n. 失敗
2.expert adj. 熟練的；經(jīng)驗或知識豐富的
n. 專家；行家
3.attend vt. 照顧；護理；出席；參加
4.expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
5.cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治療
6.absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使專心
7.suspect vt. 認為；懷疑
n. 被懷疑者；嫌疑犯
8.foresee vt. 預見；預知
9.blame vt. 責備；譴責
n. 過失；責備
10.handle n. 柄；把手
vt. 處理；操縱
11.link vt.& n. 連接；聯(lián)系
12.positive adj. 積極的；肯定的；確實的
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1.challenge n．挑戰(zhàn) vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→challenging adj.挑戰(zhàn)性的
2.cautious adj.小心的；謹慎的→caution n．小心；警告
3.pollute vt.污染；弄臟→pollution n．污染
4.instruct vt.命令；指示；教導→instruction n．傳授→instructions pl.用法說明；指示；命令
5.conclude vt.& vi.結(jié)束；推斷出→conclusion n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束
6.contribute vt.& vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助→contribution n．貢獻；捐款
7.reject vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→rejection n．拒絕；拋棄
8.scientific adj.科學的→science n．科學→scientist n．科學家
9.announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音員；宣告者
10.certainty n．確信；確實→certain adj.確實的；肯定的→certainly adv.確定；肯定
11.construct vt.建設；修建→construction n．建設；建筑物
12.responsible adj.有責任的；負責的→responsibility n．責任；負責
13.painter n．畫家；油漆匠→paint v．繪畫；涂→painting n．油畫；水彩畫
14.universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的→universally adv.普遍地
15.movement n．移動；運動；動作→move v．移動；運動
[語境活用]
1.It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
2.The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received.(contribute)
3.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy, whose announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)
4.The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)
5.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)
6.I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science)
7.In the class, our teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference in our English learning.(instruct)
8.We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.put_forward　　　　　　　　　提出
2.draw_a_conclusion 得出結(jié)論
3.expose_...to 使顯露；暴露
4.link_...to_...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來
5.apart_from 除……之外；此外
6.make_sense 講得通；有意義
7.(be)_strict_with_... 對……嚴格的
8.be_to_blame 應受譴責/責備
9.look_into 調(diào)查
10.lead_to 導致；通向
1.The official plan put_forward by China to build the Belt & Road was supported by many countries.
2.We must be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care as well.
3.I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to look_into the matter.
4.We can't draw_a_conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter.
5.Apart_from the English class, I took an active part in all kinds of English activities.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。
neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，連接兩個并列的句子成分。
秋天，這兒既不太熱又不太冷。
In autumn, it's neither_too_hot_nor_too_cold_here.
2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
所以每次爆發(fā)霍亂時，都有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。
every time“每次”，作連詞用，引導時間狀語從句。
每次我聽到這首歌，它就使我想起與祖母在一起的幸福時光。
Every_time_I_hear_the_song,_it makes me think of the happy days when I was with Granny.
3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能講得通。
“only＋狀語(從句)”位于句首時后面的主句需用部分倒裝。
只有當你找到內(nèi)心的安寧的時候，你才會與他人保持良好的關(guān)系。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep_good_relationships with others.

二、課堂重點深化

1．conclude vt.& vi.推斷出；結(jié)束；達成；締結(jié)
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①He concluded his speech with a famous saying：“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
②I've come to the conclusion (conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
③In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)conclude (從……中)推斷出……
conclude sth. 以……結(jié)束……
to conclude 最后
(2)conclusion n. 結(jié)論；結(jié)束
come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
in conclusion 總而言之
　[重點強化]
易錯對對碰(from/with對比填空)
④He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
⑤When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
佳句時時寫 (一句多譯)
我從我自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：患難見真情。
⑥I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
⑦I concluded_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
2．a(chǎn)ttend vt.照顧；護理；出席；參加vi.專心；留意
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①As a daughter, I feel it my duty to attend on/upon my sick mother.
②As far as I know, the patients are well attended (attend) in the hospital.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/a class參加會議/聽講座/參加婚禮/聽課
attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顧某人
attend to 處理；專心于；照顧
　[重點強化]
易錯對對碰(attend to/attend on)
③I always have so many things to attend_to when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.
④We must attend_on the people who are in poor health.
佳句時時寫
⑤我是李華，我想邀請你聽一位著名教授的講座。
I'm Li Hua and I'd like to_invite_you_to_attend_a_lecture which is given by a famous professor.
3．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.
②And the more birds are_exposed (expose) to light, the more active they are at night.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)expose ...to ... 暴露；使顯露；使……接觸……
expose oneself to ... 使自己面臨……；使自己暴露于……
(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接觸到
　[重點強化]
易錯對對碰(用expose的適當形式填空)
③Being_exposed to the sun too much is bad for your skin.
④Exposed to so many advertisements, we can't help being persuaded to buy something we don't really need.
佳句時時寫
⑤When children are exposed to difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations.(用分詞作狀語升級句子)
→Exposed_to_difficult_situations,_children are better at handling challenging situations.
[名師指津]　expose ...to ..., expose oneself to, be exposed to中to均為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。
4．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心；吞并；理解；掌握
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中absorb的含義
①Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis.吞并
②After absorbing enough water, the plants grow well.吸收
③I keep the lesson simple because the students can't absorb that much.理解
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)absorb one's attention　　 吸引某人的注意
absorb ...into ... 把……吸收進……
absorb oneself in ... 專心于；全神貫注于
(2)absorbed adj. 全神貫注的
(be) absorbed in ... 全神貫注于……
　[重點強化]
易錯對對碰(用absorb的適當形式填空)
④The boy sat beside the window, absorbing himself in a novel.
⑤The boy sat beside the window, absorbed in a novel.
佳句時時寫(一句多譯)
湯姆如此專心于工作以至于他忘記告知我會議的時間。
⑥Tom was_so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(absorbed)
⑦So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(用so ...that ...的倒裝句)
⑧Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(分詞作狀語)
5．blame vt.責備；譴責；把……歸咎于n.過失；責備
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.
②(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③(2018·江蘇高考)Some social app companies were to_blame (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth.　 為某事責備某人/責備某人做了某事
blame sth.on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人
be to blame (for) 應(為……)承擔責任；應(為……)受責備
(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on ... 將某事歸咎于……
take the blame for 為……負責；為……承擔責任
　[重點強化]
佳句時時寫(一句多譯)
誠實地說，李華應該為這次沖突負責。
④To be honest, Li Hua is_to_blame_for the conflict.(blame v．)
⑤Honestly speaking, Li Hua should_take_the_blame_for the conflict.(blame n．)
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①(2017·江蘇高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
②Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
③In conclusion, everyone should make a contribution to protecting (protect) the environment.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)contribute sth.to ...　　　　 把某物捐獻給……
contribute to 有助于；導致；投稿
(2)contribution n. 捐款；貢獻；稿件
make a contribution to 對……做出貢獻
　[重點強化]
佳句時時寫
④把小事做好有助于增強我們的自信心，并幫助我們迎接未來更大的挑戰(zhàn)。
Doing small things well contributes_to_building_up_our_confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.
僻義牢牢記
⑤(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.投稿
[名師指津]　contribute sth.to ..., contribute to, make a contribution to中的to均為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。


1．put forward提出(建議)；推薦；將……提前；將(鐘表等)向前撥
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中put forward的含義
①The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.提出
②I think he is fit for the position；therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.推薦
③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.將……提前
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
put aside　　　　 節(jié)省；儲蓄；儲存；留出
put away 放好；積蓄
put off 延期；推遲
put up 舉起；張貼；建立；提供食宿
put through 接通電話；完成；使經(jīng)受
　[重點強化]
易錯對對碰(put aside/put off)
④Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
⑤It was because of the bad weather that the football match was put_off.
佳句時時寫(詞匯替換)
⑥He came up with a good idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
→He put_forward a good idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
2．make sense有意義；有道理；講得通
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)make sense of　　　 理解；明白
make no sense 沒道理；沒意義
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某種意義來說
in no sense 決不(位于句首時用部分倒裝)
(3)there is no/little sense in doing sth.　 做某事沒道理
　[重點強化]
單句語法填空
①As far as I'm concerned, there is no sense in getting (get) upset about it now.
②In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
同義替換
③See, your computer has broken down again! It isn't reasonable to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
→See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't make_sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
佳句時時寫(詞匯升級)
④There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.
→There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make_sense_of them at all.
3．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”
　[教材原句]　Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
　[自主體驗]
①(2016·江蘇高考書面表達)Neither should we embrace online voting aimlessly nor can we deny it completely.
②Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons now.
③Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
④The teacher is not content with the result.The students are not content with the result.(句式升級)
→Neither_the_teacher_nor_the_students_are content with the result.
　[歸納點撥]
(1)neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，連接句中兩個并列的句子成分。當連接并列主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近一致”原則。
(2)遵循“就近一致原則”的其他并列連詞：
or　　　　　　　　　　　　　或者
either ...or ...不是……就是……；或者……或者……
not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且……
not ...but ... 不是……而是……

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點句)This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
這種現(xiàn)象既不是很好也不是很差；這就是現(xiàn)實中的大學生活，過去是這樣，現(xiàn)在依然還是如此。
②(增分要點句)Not you but the scientist is to attend the ceremony to be held in our school.
不是你而是這位科學家將出席我們學校舉辦的典禮。
4．every time引導時間狀語從句
　[教材原句]　So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.
　[自主體驗]
①(2016·浙江高考)Every_time he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.
每次他在一天結(jié)束回到家，我們都在門口迎接他。
②The_first_time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.
他第一次來到那個城市，就決定在那里安家。
③On arriving (arrive) home, he set out to do his housework.
　[歸納點撥]
用法規(guī)則
(1)every time是名詞詞組作連詞，相當于whenever，引導時間狀語從句，從句謂語常用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。
(2)名詞詞組作連詞用而且能引導時間狀語從句的還有：
any time　 　 　　　　　　　任何時候
next time 下次……時
the last time 最后一次
the＋序數(shù)詞＋time 第……次
(3)the＋瞬間名詞(moment/minute/instant/second) 一……就……
on/upon doing sth. 一……就……
注意事項
此類名詞詞組可單獨引導時間狀語從句，因此后面不再用when。引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生，從句中用一般時態(tài)代替將來時態(tài)。

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點句)(2017·天津高考書面表達)I do hope that you can pay a visit to Tianjin every time you come to China.
②(增分要點句)(2016·浙江高考寫作)Tom dashed out the instant the helicopter landed and hugged Jane tightly.


本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與社會”中的“科學精神”子話題相對應
一、話題語素積累多一點
話題詞匯記一記
子話題(一)　科學研究
溫故淺易詞匯
①study　　?、趕olve　　?、踦uzzle　?、躱bserve
⑤discover ⑥achieve ⑦cause ⑧cure
⑨t(yī)heory ⑩progress ?find ?suppose
識記生疏詞匯
①establishment n．建立　 　 ②organize vt.組織
③inspiration n．靈感 ④honour n．榮譽
⑤design vt.設計 ⑥development n．發(fā)展
⑦undertake vt.承擔；負責 ⑧invent vt.發(fā)明

子話題(二)　科學家品質(zhì)與智力
溫故淺易詞匯
①determined　　　②hard-working　?、踚ntelligence
④talented ⑤outstanding ⑥grateful
⑦mercy ⑧kind ⑨support
⑩devoted ?courage ?curious
識記生疏詞匯
①creative adj.創(chuàng)造性的?、趐otential n．潛力
③generous adj.慷慨大方的 ④virtue n．美德；品行
⑤dignity n．尊貴；高尚 ⑥r(nóng)eliable adj.可信賴的
⑦diligent adj.勤奮的 ⑧confident adj.自信的
⑨t(yī)houghtful/considerate adj.考慮周到的
常用詞塊憶一憶
①make a great contribution to　　 對……做出突出貢獻
②become involved in 參與……
③in the field of 在……領(lǐng)域
④get over varieties of difficulties 克服各種各樣的困難
⑤play a leading role in 起著重要的作用
⑥achieve one's dream 實現(xiàn)某人的夢想
⑦have made rapid progress in 在某方面取得很大的進步
⑧devote ...to ... 把……用于……
⑨receive the Nobel Peace Prize 獲得諾貝爾和平獎
⑩face the challenge 面對挑戰(zhàn)

寫作佳句背一背
①It is science and technology that makes our life more convenient.
②The little girl is so interested in the physical world that she will no doubt be a great scientist.
③In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
④Owing to his great contribution to agriculture, Yuan Longping will always be remembered as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．
二、“分步寫作”表達準一點
話題應用文分步寫作
假定你是李華， 請根據(jù)下面表格中的內(nèi)容提示，為校報的英語園地寫一篇英語短文，介紹你最崇拜的一位中國科學家。
姓名
梁建英
出生年份
1972年
職務
中國高鐵總設計師
主要經(jīng)歷
(1)1995年大學畢業(yè)后開始從事高鐵研究工作
(2)研制出時速300～350千米高速動車組
(3)2015年獲獎
注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：高速動車組high-speed EMU
第一步：準確審題，理行文脈絡，擬寫作要點
本文屬于應用文中的人物介紹，時態(tài)以一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時為主，人稱為第三人稱。文章可分兩個層次：主體部分應依據(jù)題目所給的要點進行構(gòu)思，介紹梁建英的職務、出生年份、主要經(jīng)歷(1995年大學畢業(yè)后開始從事高鐵研究工作；研制出時速300～350千米高速動車組；2015年獲獎)，由于所給要點齊全，只要清清楚楚表達出來即可；最后表達自己的感想。
要點1－①：梁建英是中國高鐵總設計師。她出生于1972年。
Liang_Jianying_is_general_designer_of_the_China_high-speed_EMU.She_was_born_in_1972.
要點1－②：梁建英1995年畢業(yè)。她一直致力于研究中國高速列車的發(fā)展。(devote ... to)
Liang_Jianying_graduated_in_1995._She_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_high-speed_railway.
要點1－③：她研制出時速300～350千米高速動車組。
She_invented_the_300～350km/h_high-speed_EMU.
要點1－④：她在2015年獲獎。(award)
She_was_awarded_in_2015.
要點2：梁建英給我們樹立了好榜樣。從她身上，我意識到我們應該不斷努力直至實現(xiàn)我們的夢想。
Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.
第二步：添加細節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達更亮眼
句式豐富多彩，表達高級是高分的基礎(chǔ)，因此要對句式進行升級拓展，使表達更充實，內(nèi)容更豐富。如要點1－①合并升級為名詞短語作同位語；要點 1－②升級為since引導的時間狀語從句；要點1－③增添她研制出時速300～350千米高速動車組的結(jié)果“使我們快速出行更加便利”，并使用v.-ing 形式作結(jié)果狀語。
升級要點1－①：梁建英是中國高鐵總設計師，出生于1972年。(合并升級為名詞短語作同位語)
Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_high-speed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.
升級要點1－②：自從她1995年畢業(yè)，她一直致力于研究中國高速列車的發(fā)展。(合并升級為時間狀語從句)
Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_high-speed_railway.
拓展要點1－③：她研制出時速300～350千米高速動車組， 使我們快速出行更加便利。(v.-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語)
She_invented_the_300～350km/h_high-speed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly.
第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡
本寫作可采用“總—分”結(jié)構(gòu)來行文，使文章顯得緊湊。結(jié)合要點，根據(jù)上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，可添加過渡性詞匯afterwards， as a consequence使文章銜接緊密，過渡自然。
Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_high-speed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_high-speed_railway._Afterwards,_she_invented_the_300～350km/h_high-speed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly._As_a_consequence,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.
Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.

一、復現(xiàn)單元考點——增強備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging (challenge), or we think it's annoying and unnecessary.
2．(2017·天津高考)In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me.
3．(2016·浙江高考)Viewing childhood development as a scientific (science) investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.
4．(2016·浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution (pollute), I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.
5．(2016·浙江高考)The relationships you develop now will probably be_linked (link) to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in.
6．(2016·北京高考)However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed (absorb)．
7．(2015·重慶高考)Only in this way can we make a great contribution (contribute) to our family and our society.
8．(2015·天津高考)The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to help cure him of his reading problem.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用attend, cure, announce, contribute填空)
1．(2018·江蘇高考完形填空)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been used up to pay lawyers' fees.To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed (診斷) with a serious disease.There was no __38__， only pain relief.cure
2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ完形填空)After that, feeling the need to explore further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club's meetings.I only learned how to sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.attend
3．(2017·北京高考完形填空)She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness.She began to host “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to __46__ to the cause.contribute
4．(2016·天津高考完形填空)Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year.Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach __31__， “The highest honor goes to Cathy！” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm ...”announcing
二、復現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準度
新高考下的命題新視角：科學精神是一個國家繁榮富強 、一個民族進步必不可少的精神。習近平在全國政協(xié)會議上強調(diào)“要在全社會弘揚科學精神，要有求真務實的科學態(tài)度和只爭朝夕的奮斗精神”?？茖W精神是科學發(fā)展觀的靈魂，帶領(lǐng)我們一步步走向勝利?？茖W精神相關(guān)話題的題目也一直是高考中的熱點，建議考生多多關(guān)注與此相關(guān)的材料。

[話題感悟]
學習目標 ——語篇復現(xiàn)詞匯，活學活用記憶更深
(加藍詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時請揣摩其用法)
[1] When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in late October 1931, he had no way of knowing his life was about to change completely.As John heated a container with a Bunsen burner, the container __1__， sending the liquid flying in all directions.John Wilson came away from it, completely __2__.
[2] Wilson spent the next two months in hospital.After he returned home, his parents __3__ a hard time to find a way to handle the __4__ that had happened to their lives.But Wilson did not __5__ the accident as a disaster.He knew he had the rest of his life to live.He learned Braille (盲文) quickly and continued his __6__ at the esteemed Worcester College for the disabled.There, he not only __7__ as a student but also became an accomplished rower, swimmer, actor, musician, and orator.
[3] Many people, faced with the __8__ John Wilson met with, would have __9__ of their experience.Perhaps they would have considered themselves to be __10__ by ill fortune and discouraged in their __11__ to do anything significant with their lives.Wilson, however, lost his sight but found a __12__.Through his practical action and life attitude, he proved to us __13__ that it's not what happens to us that __14__ our lives — it's what we make __15__ what happens.
語篇解讀：本文為夾敘夾議文。十二歲的John Wilson在做實驗的時候因發(fā)生意外而失明了，但是他并沒有抱怨命運的不公或者就此消沉下去，而是以積極的心態(tài)和行動來面對自己的每一天。
1．A.leaked　　　　　　　　　　B．exploded
C．collapsed D．melted
解析：選B　根據(jù)下文中的“sending the liquid flying in all directions”可知，器皿爆炸了，使得液體四處飛濺。explode“爆炸”符合語境。leak“泄漏”；collapse“倒塌”；melt“融化”。
2．A.dumb B．lame
C．deaf D．blind
解析：選D　根據(jù)下文中的“He learned Braille (盲文) quickly”“l(fā)ost his sight”可知，他失明了。故blind“失明的”符合語境。
3．A.called for B．drove off
C．went through D．depended on
解析：選C　他從醫(yī)院回來后，他的父母度過了一段困難時期。go through“經(jīng)歷，度過”符合語境。call for“要求”；drive off“擊退，趕走”；depend on“依賴”。
4．A.catastrophe B．coincidence
C．dilemma D．drawback
解析：選A　根據(jù)上文提及的John Wilson在做實驗時因為意外而失明的內(nèi)容和下文的“a disaster”可知，他的父母為找到應對發(fā)生在他們身上的災難的辦法而度過了一段困難時期。catastrophe“災難”符合語境。coincidence“巧合”；dilemma“進退兩難的困境”；drawback“缺點”。
5．A.elect B．a(chǎn)ppoint
C．regard D．recommend
解析：選C　但是John Wilson并沒有把這起事故當作災難。regard ...as ...“把……看成是……”符合語境。elect ...as ...“把……選為……”； appoint ...as ...“把……任命為……”； recommend ...as ...“把……推薦為……”。
6．A.education B．occupation
C．contribution D．recovery
解析：選A　根據(jù)下文中的“at the esteemed Worcester College for the disabled”“as a student”可知，他在為殘疾人開辦的院校繼續(xù)接受教育。education“教育”符合語境。occupation“職業(yè)”；contribution“貢獻”；recovery“痊愈，恢復”。
7．A.survived B．shone
C．competed D．registered
解析：選B　根據(jù)下文中的“but also became an accomplished rower, swimmer, actor, musician, and orator”可知，作為一位學生，他不但成績優(yōu)秀，而且在諸多方面都表現(xiàn)突出。shine“出色”符合語境。survive“幸存，幸免于難”；compete“競爭”；register“登記，注冊”。
8．A.discrimination B．resistance
C．circumstances D．uncertainties
解析：選C　面對John Wilson遇到的情況，許多人都可能會怨天尤人。circumstance“情況，情形”符合語境。discrimination“歧視”；resistance“抵制”；uncertainty“不確定的事情”。
9．A.dreamed B．thought
C．a(chǎn)pproved D．complained
解析：選D　參見上題解析。complain“抱怨”。
10．A.criticized B．motivated
C．surrounded D．interrupted
解析：選C　根據(jù)下文中的“ill fortune”“discouraged”可知，他們會認為自己被厄運纏身了。surround“包圍，環(huán)繞”符合語境。criticize“批評”；motivate“激發(fā)”；interrupt“打斷”。
11．A.preferences B．requirements
C．failures D．a(chǎn)ttempts
解析：選D　他們在嘗試做人生中任何重要的事情時也會感到沮喪。attempt“嘗試，試圖”符合語境。preference“偏愛”；requirement“要求”；failure“失敗”。
12．A.bridge B．vision
C．reward D．cure
解析：選B　根據(jù)上文中的“l(fā)ost his sight”和下文中的“Through his practical action and life attitude”可知，他失去了視力，卻對未來有一種憧憬。vision“構(gòu)想，設想”符合語境。bridge“橋梁”；reward“回報”；cure“療法”。
13．A.dramatically B．occasionally
C．a(chǎn)bruptly D．roughly
解析：選A　根據(jù)上文中的“Through his practical action and life attitude”可知，他(積極的)實際行動和(樂觀的)生活態(tài)度顯著地向我們證明了并不是發(fā)生在我們身上的事情決定了我們的生活。dramatically“顯著地”符合語境。occasionally“偶爾”；abruptly“突然地”；roughly“粗略地”。
14．A.limits B．predicts
C．determines D．replaces
解析：選C　參見上題解析。determine“決定，支配”符合語境。limit“限制”；predict“預測”；replace“取代”。
15．A.of B．from
C．for D．up
解析：選A　決定我們生活的并不是發(fā)生在我們身上的事情而是我們?nèi)绾卫斫馑l(fā)生的事情。make sth.of sb./sth.“理解，對待”符合語境。
學習目標 ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
完形填空技法(4)——利用背景常識破解中檔題
利用背景常識解題，即將相關(guān)信息和我們的生活經(jīng)驗、文化背景知識，以及科學常識等結(jié)合起來，進行簡單推理，從而得出正確答案。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推理”常常交織在一起，因為邏輯推理離不開背景常識。如上文第2題，由下文“l(fā)earned Braille(盲文)”和“l(fā)ost his sight”可知，他失明了。


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