一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時(shí)高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．philosopher n．　哲學(xué)家
2．philosophy n. 哲學(xué)
3．a(chǎn)dviser n. 顧問_
4．bark n. 樹皮
5．leather n. 皮革_
6．monk n. 和尚_
7．category n. 范疇；種類_
8．sutra n. (佛教的)經(jīng)_
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫其形)
1．teaching n. (常作復(fù)數(shù))教導(dǎo)；學(xué)說
2.thinker n．　　思想家
3．principle n. 原則；準(zhǔn)則
4．position n. 職位
5．stress vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào)
6．resign vi. 辭職
7．kindness n. 善良
8．love n. 仁愛
9．soft adj. 柔軟的
10．fuel n. 燃料
11．condition n. 狀況；條件；環(huán)境
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．equal adj.平等的；相等的v.比得上→equality n．相等；平等→equally adv.平等地；相等地
2．importance n．重要；重要性→important adj.重要的
3．order n．秩序→orderly adj.整潔的；有秩序的
4．influential adj.有影響的→influence n．&v.影響
5．honesty n．誠實(shí)→honest adj.誠實(shí)的
6．justice n．公正→just adj.公正的
7．contribution n．貢獻(xiàn)→contribute vi.貢獻(xiàn)；促成；造成
8．invent vt.發(fā)明→invention n．發(fā)明→inventor n．發(fā)明家
9．a(chǎn)rgument n．爭論；辯論；議論→argue vi.爭論；爭辯；提出理由；說服
10．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；空閑的；免費(fèi)的
[語境活用]
1．There are equal numbers of boys and girls in our class. They share everything in class equally. They value the equality in everything among themselves. (equal)
2．His great contributions to the company have contributed to its rapid development in recent years. (contribute)
3．The honest boy impressed all the employers with his honesty. (honesty)
4．Edison was a great inventor and was famous for his inventions because he invented many things in his life. (invent)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.agree_with　　　　　　同意；與……相符；適合(某人)
2．be_at_war_with 與……交戰(zhàn)
3．bring_up 養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)
4．become/be_interested_in 對……感興趣
5．be_similar_to 與……相似
6．be_proud_of 為……自豪
7．in_conclusion 總之
8．for_the_first_time 第一次
1.Brought_up in a happy and wealthy family, Robert learned how to observe good manners at home.
2．As your friend, I know how hard you have been studying Chinese and I am_proud_of your achievement.
3．In_conclusion,_as adults, we have more responsibilities on our shoulders and should take more into consideration when making decisions.
4．The two sides did not agree on the subject for_the_first_time,_so today they will sit down once more to have a discussion.
5．Once you become_interested_in_ a topic, you'll start paying attention to information about that topic wherever you go.
6．You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree_with you, I suppose.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
the way作先行詞，省略that/in which的定語從句。
你日常生活中發(fā)生的事情會改變你看待世界和世人的方式。
Something that happens in your daily life will change the_way_you_look_at_the_world and the people in it.
2.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子認(rèn)為人區(qū)別于動物的原因就在于人性本善。
the reason why ... is that ... “……的原因是……?！?br /> 他取得那么大的成功的原因是他從不放棄。
The_reason_why_he_has_had_such_a_success_is_that he never gives up.
3.However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock.
然而，我們的確知道在公元1092年，他發(fā)明了第一個(gè)真正的鐘表。
“do/does/did＋動詞原形”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
我現(xiàn)在很少鍛煉，但我上初中時(shí)的確喜歡踢足球。
I don't take much exercise now, but I did_like_playing_football_when I was in junior school.

二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化

1．equal adj.平等的；相等的；勝任的vt.等于；與……相同；比得上 n．同等的人；相等的物
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①We need to be active in all kinds of sports, and pay attention to mental health which is equal to physical health.
②We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality (equal) of nations, big or small.
③His paintings are without_equal in the Western world.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)equal ... with ...　　　　　 把……與……等同
(2)be equal to (doing) sth. 等于；能勝任(做)某事
be equal with 與……平等
equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面比得上某人/物
without equal 無與倫比
(3)equality n. 相等；平等
equally adv. 相等地；平等地；同樣地
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④他們沒有意識到浪費(fèi)時(shí)間實(shí)際上等于自殺。
They don't realize that wasting_time_is_actually_equal_to_killing_themselves.
2．order n．秩序；次序；命令；訂購；點(diǎn)菜 vt.命令；訂購；點(diǎn)(飯菜)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①I'd like to place an order for some tea with your company.
②(2016·北京高考)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
③Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in_order?
補(bǔ)全句子
④Our refrigerator is out_of_order again. We'd better buy a new one instead of repairing it.
我們的冰箱又壞了。我們最好買臺新的，不要修了。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)in order of　　　 以……的順序
in order 井然有序；適宜；妥當(dāng)
in order to 為了
out of order 次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障
place an order for sth. (with sb.) (向某人)訂購某物
(2)order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
order that ... (should) do 命令……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤(2017·北京高考書面表達(dá))為了在畢業(yè)前給大家留下一些難忘的回憶，我們班制作了一個(gè)特別的視頻來表達(dá)我們對學(xué)校的感激之情。
In_order_to_leave_some_impressive_memories_for_all_of_us_before_graduation,_our class made a special video to express our appreciation of our school.
3．stress vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)；施壓于；使緊張n.壓力；重音；強(qiáng)調(diào)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①When under stress, even a most gentle person can be bad-tempered and get angry easily.
②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.
③Most doctors and nurses live under stressful (stress) conditions.
④He laid particular stress on the need for discipline.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)stress the importance of　 強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性
under stress 在壓力之下
under the stress of 在……壓力下；為……所迫
lay/put/place stress on 強(qiáng)調(diào)；把重點(diǎn)放在……上
(2)stressful adj. 壓力大的；緊張的
stressed adj. 焦慮不安的；心力交瘁的
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這些歷史遺址的重要性，政府已經(jīng)加強(qiáng)規(guī)定去保護(hù)它們。
To_stress_the_importance_of_these_historic_sites,_the government has strengthened regulations to protect them.
4．condition n．狀況；條件；環(huán)境
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①Under normal conditions (condition), people will usually do what requires least effort.
②I don't care about the price, so long as the car is in good condition.
③I'll let you use my bike on condition that you can return it tomorrow.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)living/housing/working conditions　　 生活/住房/工作條件
under ... conditions 在……條件下
(2)be in good/bad/poor condition 狀況良好/惡劣；健康/不健康
out of condition 身體不適
(3)on condition (that) ... 在……條件下；倘若
on no condition 決不
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④我們絕不能放棄夢想，只有我們堅(jiān)持自己的夢想，才能夠克服各種挑戰(zhàn)。
On no condition_can_we_give_up_our_dreams;_only if we stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.
[名師指津]　on no condition意為“決不”，放在句首時(shí)常引起句子的部分倒裝，有類似用法的還有：by no means, in no way, on no account, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time等。

1．bring up養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)；教育；提出；嘔吐
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
寫出下列句中bring up的含義
①Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.教育
②He brought up a practical plan in the meeting, which brought down the cost of production.提出
③He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight.嘔吐
④Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to fit in the countryside.撫養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育_
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
bring about　　　　　 引起；導(dǎo)致(事故、變化等)
bring back 帶回；使回憶起某事；使恢復(fù)
bring down 使……降低；使……倒下
bring in 引入；賺得；掙得
bring out 顯現(xiàn)出；使發(fā)揮
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
單句語法填空
⑤(2017·江蘇高考)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor.
選詞填空(bring up, bring down)
⑥This printer is of high quality and very expensive. Should the price of it be brought_down,_we would buy one.
⑦Being brought_up in the countryside made Mr. Wilson very hardworking when he was very young.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑧我們成長的方式，以及我們的文化背景，將會極大地影響我們對表達(dá)憤怒的感受。
The_way_we_are_brought_up,_and our cultural background，will very much influence how we feel about expressing anger.
2．in conclusion 總之
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion　 得出結(jié)論
(2)conclude vt.& vi. 結(jié)束；推斷出
conclude (從……中)推斷出……
conclude sth. 以……結(jié)束……
to conclude 最后
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
單句語法填空
①He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
我從我自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：“有志者，事竟成?！?br /> ③I have concluded_from_my_own_experiences that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”(conclude)
④I have drawn_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences that “Where there is a will, there is a way.” (conclusion)
3．the way作先行詞，省略that/in which的定語從句
　[教材原句]　Treat others in the_way you want to be treated.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the_way_(that/in_which) he speaks English.
我覺得你嘲笑他說英語的方式傷害了他的自尊心。
②The_way_that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.在會議上提出的方法不切實(shí)際。
③Is this the way you can imagine to_reduce/of_reducing_air_pollution?
這是你能想到的減少空氣污染的方法嗎？
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
(1)way表示“方式；方法”時(shí)，其后常接in which或that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，也可以將關(guān)系詞in which或that省略掉，此時(shí)關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語。
(2)way后接定語從句時(shí)，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語則用關(guān)系代詞that/which，作賓語時(shí)可以省略，作主語時(shí)不可省略。
(3)way表示“方式；方法”時(shí)，其后可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。
　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)Yet in modern society somebody has to do ordinary jobs such as cleaning streets because this is the way society is organized.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)School activities are usually considered a good way to make new friends and develop new interests.
4．The reason why ...is that ...……的原因是……
　[教材原句]　Mencius believed that the_reason_why man is different from animals is_that man is good.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①The reason why_he__failed_to_pass_the_exam_was_that he never studied hard.
他之所以沒有通過這次考試是因?yàn)樗麖牟慌W(xué)習(xí)。
②The reason (that/which)_he_explained_at_the_meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.
他在會議上解釋的理由是他沒有趕上第一輛公共汽車。
③Why don't you believe the_reason_that_my_car_was_held_up in the traffic jam?
你為什么不相信我的車被堵在路上的原因呢？
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
用法規(guī)則
(1)the reason why ...is that ...，表示“……的原因是……”， 其中why引導(dǎo)定語從句，that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(2)the reason that /which ...，表示“……的原因”， that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在定語從句中作主語或賓語。
(3)the reason that ...，表示“……的原因”， that后接同位語從句，解釋其內(nèi)容。
注意事項(xiàng)
reason用作先行詞時(shí)，首先判斷定語從句中缺少什么成分，如果缺少狀語，則要用關(guān)系副詞why或for which引導(dǎo)定語從句， why有時(shí)可省略；如果缺少主語或賓語，則要用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句， that/which在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。

　[佳句背誦]
①(精彩開頭句)The reason why I intend to try it is that we'll be exposed to the atmosphere and experience the race in person.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)There exist several reasons that account for my choice.


本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與社會”中的“對社會有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物”子話題相對應(yīng)
一、話題語素積累多一點(diǎn)
話題詞匯記一記
子話題(一)　歷史人物
溫故淺易詞匯
①emperor　?、趐olitician　③thinker
④educator ⑤scientist ⑥poet
識記生疏詞匯
①philosopher n．哲學(xué)家?、赼ncestor n．祖先
③ambassador n．大使；使節(jié) ④civilian n．平民，百姓
⑤pioneer n．先鋒 ⑥Prime Minister首相，總理
子話題(二)　歷史事件
溫故淺易詞匯
①historic　?、趆istorical　③weapon
④escape ⑤ancient ⑥independence
⑦independent ⑧period ⑨popularity
識記生疏詞匯
①dynasty n．朝代　　?、趕lavery n．奴隸制度
③battle n．戰(zhàn)斗，戰(zhàn)役 ④origin n．起源，由來
⑤aggression n．侵略 ⑥r(nóng)evolution n．革命
⑦uprising n．起義 ⑧incident n．事件；沖突
⑨invade v．侵略 ⑩occupy vt.占領(lǐng)
?sacrifice v．犧牲 ?betray vt.出賣；泄露(機(jī)密)
?feudal adj.封建(制度)的 ?primitive adj.原始的

常用詞塊憶一憶
①play a role in　　 　　　　 在……中起作用
②once upon a time 從前
③serve as 充當(dāng)，擔(dān)任；起……的作用
④as a consequence of 由于
⑤lead a miserable life 過著痛苦的生活
⑥set up 建立；設(shè)立
⑦h(yuǎn)eart and soul 全心全意地
⑧at the beginning/start of 在……開始時(shí)
⑨be devoted to 致力于，專注于
⑩in the course of 在……期間，在……過程中
?come to power 上臺執(zhí)政
?have an impact on 有影響
寫作佳句背一背
①(2016·北京高考書面表達(dá))Zheng He, an explorer in Ming Dynasty, is my favorite figure in Chinese history.
②Confucius is considered as the greatest educator of the ancient Chinese sages.
③Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.
二、“分步寫作”表達(dá)準(zhǔn)一點(diǎn)　對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P106

讀后續(xù)寫情節(jié)發(fā)展合理化

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。
Be kind to others. I realize this is simple and very basic. However, it is necessary and it does make_a_difference. I often have people who cross my daily path to whom I can show kindness. It is often just a smile. A smile often says, “I see you. You aren't invisible to me. You are important.” People need someone to care about them.
I read a story many years ago about a man who had decided to commit_suicide. He'd lost a fortune, his job, his family and nearly everything he owned. He went to a local pawn shop to buy a gun. He planned to take the gun back to his apartment in New York City and kill himself.
As he was getting on the elevator, a little old_lady was slowly getting on too. She had a small cart she was pulling behind her and was having a little trouble getting it into the elevator. He said that he was actually a bit angry because he wanted to hurry_up,_get to his apartment and end his own life. He reached_out_to the old lady's cart and forced it as it had become stuck. He got it free easily and she got on the elevator.
After the door closed, she looked up at him with a big smile and said, “If we had more young men like you in this world, the world would be a better place. You are so kind to help. Such a sweet young man.”
Of course, it changed his thought of going back to kill himself. He wanted to go around New York and find people that he could help and people who were struggling even with something that was as small as the little old lady's cart.
注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2．至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；
3．續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；
4．續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。
Paragraph 1：
That day, his life changed.　




Paragraph 2：
Later, he enjoyed great success in his work and life.　




[寫作步驟]
第一步：速讀全文
文本大意：一位年輕人幾乎失去了一切， 所以決定自殺。他在乘電梯時(shí)遇到一位老太太，老太太行動遲緩，手推車卡在了電梯口。年輕人為了能快點(diǎn)到家結(jié)束自己的生命，隨手幫了老太太一把，受到了老太太的贊揚(yáng)。誰料想老太太的贊揚(yáng)竟然改變了年輕人想要自殺的想法。
敘述意圖：文章通過一個(gè)小故事彰顯與人為善的重要性。
第二步：細(xì)讀全文
1．所給短文情景模式分析。
who
I, a man, an old lady
what
A man decided to commit suicide. Later he gave up the thought of killing himself.
when
many years ago

續(xù)表

where
on the elevator
why
He'd lost a fortune, his job, his family and nearly everything he owned. The old lady praised him for helping her.

2．對原文所提供的下劃線詞語進(jìn)行分類。
★人物：old lady, family
★事件： kind, kindness, small
★動作與心理描寫： commit suicide, hurry up, reach out to, change, make a difference
第三步：精心謀篇
1．Paragraph 1：That day, his life changed.　那一天，他的人生發(fā)生了改變。
[情節(jié)分析]　注意續(xù)寫段首句關(guān)鍵詞“his life changed”，所以本段續(xù)寫部分圍繞變化寫，續(xù)寫還要考慮文章首段提到的“Be kind to others.”以及文中提到的“commit suicide”這一社會現(xiàn)象，并綜合他自殺的原因：失去財(cái)富、工作、家庭等。還要提及他的想法變化的原因：kindness。因此續(xù)寫第一段應(yīng)該寫做好事給他帶來的變化。
2．Paragraph 2：Later, he enjoyed great success in his work and life.　后來，他在工作和生活上非常成功。
[情節(jié)分析]　第二段繼續(xù)寫具體在哪方面發(fā)生的變化，寫作時(shí)注意關(guān)鍵詞Later, enjoyed, success, work and life，即下文應(yīng)該寫將來的事情，要圍繞工作和生活兩個(gè)方面來寫。
第四步：初寫成文
Paragraph 1：
1．他開始和別人分享他的故事，很快，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己成了一個(gè)很受歡迎的預(yù)防自殺的代言人。
He started sharing_his_story_with_others and soon, he found himself being a popular spokesman for the prevention of suicide.
2．他預(yù)防自殺的方法簡單說來是這樣的。
His remedy for preventing_suicide was simply this.
3．如果你想結(jié)束你的生命，你在最后的幾個(gè)小時(shí)應(yīng)該為他人做五個(gè)小的善舉。
If you want to end your life, your last few hours should include doing five small_acts_of_kindness for other people.
4．那會改變你，你會意識到世間的美好，并決定活下去。
It will change you and you'll wake up to the goodness in this world and decide_that_you_want_to_live.
Paragraph 2：
5．他最后在一家公司找到了一份工作，月薪4 000美元左右。
He finally found_a_job_in_a_company and his income was about $4,000 a month.
6．他還幫助過一位曾經(jīng)想自殺的女孩，最后兩人結(jié)婚了！
He also helped a girl who wanted to commit suicide and finally got_married_to her!
7．現(xiàn)在他有一個(gè)幸福的三口之家，這都是因?yàn)樗麑δ俏焕咸男〉纳婆e引起的。
Now he has a_happy_family_of_three all because of the small act of kindness he showed to the little old lady.
8．他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有更多的目標(biāo)，過得比以前更幸福了。
He finds himself living with more purposes and living_a_happier_life_than_before.
9．只要有可能，他就會幫助那些生活中有困難的人。
Whenever it is possible, he will reach out to those_in_trouble in life.
第五步：潤色升級
1．用高級詞匯替換要點(diǎn)3中的include。
include→consist_of
2．用with an income of改寫要點(diǎn)5。
He_finally_found_a_job_in_a_company_with_an_income_of_about_$4,000_a_month.
3．把要點(diǎn)9改為省略句。
Whenever_possible,_he_will_reach_out_to_those_in_trouble_in_life.
第六步：復(fù)查定稿
Paragraph 1：
That day, his life changed. He started sharing his story with others and soon, he found himself being a popular spokesman for the prevention of suicide. His remedy for preventing suicide was simply this. He said, “If you want to end your life, your last few hours should consist of doing five small acts of kindness for other people. It will change you and you'll wake up to the goodness in this world and decide that you want to live.”
Paragraph 2：
Later, he enjoyed great success in his work and life. He finally found a job in a company with an income of about $4,000 a month. He also helped a girl who wanted to commit_suicide and finally got married to her! Now he has a happy family of three all because of the small act of kindness he showed to the little old_lady. He finds himself living with more purposes and living a happier life than before. Whenever possible, he will reach_out_to those in trouble in life.

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．Despite the variety of injuries, several principles (準(zhǔn)則) of first aid can apply to all emergencies.
2．Answering this question successfully shows you really think about it. It also shows you are a serious candidate for the position (職位)．
3．Last week, he stressed (強(qiáng)調(diào)) that students should live up to certain standards of behaviour.
4．It is very important to teach the children how to deal with others' kindness (善良) and rudeness.
5．The wild flowers looked like a soft (柔軟的) orange blanket covering the desert.
6．Edison kept trying out some new ideas until he invented (發(fā)明) what he wanted.
7．Most air pollution is caused by the burning of fuels (燃料) like coal, gas and oil.
8．In my opinion, honesty (誠實(shí)) is the most important part of friendship.
9．Anyone, whether he is an official or a peasant, should be equally (平等地) respected.
10．Mary couldn't put up with the terrible working conditions in that factory and resigned (辭職) last week.
Ⅱ.語境語法填空
1．Li Hua became ?interested_(interest) in English when he began to learn it ?for the first time. Now he has learned more than 3,000 English words, and once got the first prize in the English competition. I agree ?with his opinion that interest is the best teacher.
2．He used to be proud ?of his hometown, a beautiful village where he was born and ?brought (bring) up. Now his country is ?at war with its neighboring country, so he has to leave his hometown for a living. Although he is a man with a sense of ?responsibility (responsible), he is at a loss what to do for his hometown.
3．Tom holds ?a senior position in a large company and he is equal ?to his job. He always stresses the importance of honesty and order in the work. He makes such a great ?contribution (contribute) that he becomes one of the ?influential (influence) figures in the company.
Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1．我請假三天的原因是我生病的母親需要我的照顧。(The reason why ... is that ...)
The_reason_why_I_asked_for_three_days_off_was_that my sick mother needed my care.
2．微信改變了我們的交友方式。(the way)
WeChat has changed the_way_(that/in_which)_we_make_friends.
3．他的確喜歡聽古典音樂。 (“do＋動詞原形”強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語)
He does_enjoy_listening_to classical music.
4．我們?yōu)樽约焊械津湴粒嘈盼覀兛梢詾橐粋€(gè)更美好的世界做更多的事情。(be proud of)
We_are_very_proud_of_ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
5．To conclude, I would like to thank everybody who helped me.
→In_conclusion,_I would like to thank everybody who helped me.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根據(jù)提示填空
The Song Dynasty (960－1279) is often ?referred (refer) to as the Chinese Renaissance (文藝復(fù)興). For about three and a quarter ?centuries (century), under its rule, China enjoyed a period of economic growth with great artistic and intellectual ?achievements (成就)．
One of the most important ?factors (factor) in the Song Renaissance was the printing press, which made for a rebirth of classical Confucian learning. By the 10th century, printers were producing a large number of ?copies (copy) of the classical Confucian texts. With this increase in the production of books, education spread and became ?widely (wide) available.
Printing also had its greatest influence on the Chinese political system. In the Song Dynasty, government examinations became the most important way to political power in China. For almost 1,000 years, China ?was_governed (govern) by men who had done very well in examinations. Thousands of students studied for the exams, and thousands of inexpensive books ?were_required (require). Without printing, such a system would not have been possible.
(Ⅱ)片段選詞填空
traditional， defeat， highly， fall， commit， situate， death， poet
The Dragon Boat Festival has been marked by eating zongzi and racing dragon boats for thousands of years. It ?falls on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar in honor of Qu Yuan, who is said to have ?committed suicide by drowning himself.
Qu was minister of the state of Chu ?situated in the present-day Hunan and Hebei provinces during the Warring States period. He was upright, loyal and ?highly respected. However, he was fired from office due to his suggestion to fight against Qin in cooperation with other states. During his stay in other states, he wrote many poems to express his strong love for his country. When Chu ?was_defeated by Qin. He realized what he could do about it was nothing. Qu jumped into Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth month.
After the ?death of Qu Yuan, people of Chu went to Miluo River to mourn (悼念) over the great ?poet they loved so much. People threw eggs and rice wrapped in leaves into the river to feed the fish to keep them away from Qu Yuan. Now the Dragon Boat Festival has become a ?traditional festival for the Chinese people.


一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2017·江蘇高考) Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India's economy may take off when the country achieves equality (equal) of educational opportunity.
2．(2017·江蘇高考) We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions (condition)．
3．(2017·北京高考)There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah's Place”， something that Hannah is very proud of.
4．(2016·全國卷Ⅱ) If you feel stressed (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of greater and less importance.
5．(2016·全國卷Ⅱ) One morning, I had to book an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani's office for the first time.
6．(2015·重慶高考)Only in this way can we make a great contribution (contribute) to our family and our society.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用equal, order, condition填空)
1．(2015·浙江高考完形填空)They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine __25__ a college year's monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.equaled
2．(2013·陜西高考完形填空)To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant.We __26__ hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter.ordered
3．(2013·北京高考完形填空)Though learning gymnastics has been more difficult for her than for some of her teammates, she has never quit.She doesn't let her __43__ stop her from doing anything that she wants to.condition
二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：回顧歷史，你一定能夠想起一些偉大的歷史人物與古代發(fā)明，它們在推動歷史的發(fā)展進(jìn)程中產(chǎn)生了極其深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這些閃耀的偉大人物在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等各方面都做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)，中國古代的四大發(fā)明更是人類文明進(jìn)步的象征，在人類科學(xué)文化史上留下了燦爛的一頁。高考以此為素材進(jìn)行命題，可以提高我們對歷史的了解并增強(qiáng)愛國情操。
[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
( 加藍(lán)詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時(shí)請揣摩其用法)
[1]The history of Teachers' Day traces back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC－220 AD). According to the record, during the Han and Jin dynasties, on August 27 each year, the birthday of Confucius, the emperor would go to the Confucius' temple and pay tribute (敬意) to the ancient philosopher followed by court officials, and would also invite royal teachers to the imperial court for a banquet. On this day, teachers around the nation enjoyed a day's vacation and were given dried meat as gifts.
[2]The capital, all states and counties would also hold ceremonies to worship Confucius. Excellent performing teachers would be chosen from academies and learning institutions nationwide, reporting to the royal court and given 500 liang (兩) silver coins as awards.
[3]Until the Qing Dynasty, the ceremony, on August 27, was of a larger scale. The teachers' salaries in schools and academies around the nation were raised, and well-performing teachers would be awarded official titles or promoted to higher positions.
[4]Normally, an ancient teacher's income included salary, accommodation and festival gifts. There was no fixed tuition fee. Generally the parents paid teachers according to their household income. Both money and basic foodstuff could be paid in exchange for tuition.
[5]In private schools, teachers always received money or gifts from the host family at certain festivals or at the beginning and end of each semester.
[6]The festivals in which teachers received gifts varied from region to region, while the most valued ones were the Duanwu, Mid-Autumn and Chinese New Year festivals, as well as Confucius' birthday and the private tutor's birthday.
[7]Among all the gift-giving festivals, the first meeting gift was a must. When students met their private tutors for the first time, they had to kneel down to Confucius' spirit tablet and then to their private tutors, before presenting a “gift”．
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國教師節(jié)的歷史，包括其由來、禮儀等。
1．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．the teachers in ancient China
B．the Teachers' Day in ancient China
C．the teachers' high positions in ancient China
D．the teachers' salaries in ancient China
解析：選B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文大意可知，本文主要講了中國教師節(jié)的歷史，包括其由來、禮儀等。所以選B。
2．How long has the Teachers' Day been in China?
A．1,500－2,500 years.　 B．2,000－3,000 years.
C．3,000－4,000 years. D．4,000－5,000 years.
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“The history of Teachers' Day traces back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC－220 AD)．”可知，應(yīng)選A。
3．What is the special gift for the teachers on the Teachers' Day during the Han and Jin dynasties?
A．A higher position. B．A day free.
C．500 liang silver coins. D．Days' vacation.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“On this day, teachers around the nation enjoyed a day's vacation and were given dried meat as gifts.”可知，在教師節(jié)這一天，全國的教師都可以休假一天，并且得到肉干作為禮物。
4．What's the main idea of the last four paragraphs?
A．Where teachers could get gifts in ancient China.
B．Why teachers got gifts in ancient China.
C．How teachers were presented with gifts in ancient China.
D．When teachers received gifts in ancient China.
解析：選C　段落大意題。文章后四段主要介紹了教師收學(xué)生禮物的情況，在哪些時(shí)間和場合收禮。A、D兩項(xiàng)都只提到一方面，應(yīng)排除。B項(xiàng)文章未提及。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
細(xì)節(jié)理解技法(4)——三步巧解數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題
數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題通常由文章中的數(shù)字信息構(gòu)成。題目所涉及的信息通常是時(shí)間的長短、年齡的大小、數(shù)量或價(jià)格的多少等等。此類試題往往要通過文章中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的數(shù)字進(jìn)行運(yùn)算或?qū)Ρ炔拍艿贸龃鸢?。有些?shù)字信息在文章中的位置相對集中，而很多時(shí)候它們的位置比較分散。以下三步常常為解決數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題的通用方法：
①分析題干內(nèi)容，定位所詢問數(shù)據(jù)在文章中的位置；
②分析文章數(shù)字信息，查找邏輯關(guān)系；
③對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行必要的運(yùn)算及單位換算。
以上文中的第2題為例：


Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Called “the man who shaped America” and “the father of modern industrial design”， Raymond Loewy must be one of the most influential designers of all time. He revolutionized the industry, working as an adviser for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators, from cars to the insides of spaceships.
Loewy's designs all had one thing in common. They were shaped by the MAYA principle — Most Advanced Yet Acceptable. His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs.
Loewy started his career in industrial design in 1929 by re-designing a copying machine for the British manufacturer, Sigmund Gestetner. The 28-year-old designer completed the task in three days and the design of the machine lasted for the next 40 years.
The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining (流線型). He described this as “beauty through function and simplification”. He spent the next 50 years streamlining everything from postage stamps and company logos (商標(biāo)) to the insides of stores. The famous Greyhound bus and Studebaker car show his use of streamlining in action.
He is perhaps most famous for his re-design of the Lucky Strike packaging. In 1940, the President of the Lucky Strike Manufacturing Company, George Washington Hill, bet Loewy $50,000 that he could not improve the appearance of the green and red Lucky Strike packets. Loewy accepted the challenge. He changed the background of the packet from green to white. Then he put the red lucky strike target on both sides of the packet. This made it more eye-catching and greatly increased sales. It is now recognized as a design classic.
Loewy's logo design aimed at “visual retention (視覺保持)”. He wanted to make sure that anyone who saw the logo, even for a short while, would never forget it. He designed many highly visible logos for famous companies such as Shell Oil, Exxon, Greyhound and Nabisco.
By the mid 20th century, his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say “the average person, leading a normal life ... is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things, services or structures” designed by his firm.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了20世紀(jì)最著名的美國工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師之一與美國工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)奠基人雷蒙德·洛威。
1．Loewy's biggest influence was in ________.
A．completely changing the design industry
B．successfully shaping Americans' taste
C．changing people's idea about design
D．building a professional design team
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“the father of modern industrial design”和“one of the most influential designers of all time”以及“He revolutionized the industry”可知，雷蒙德·洛威完全改變了設(shè)計(jì)行業(yè)。
2．Loewy's designs were based on the idea of ________.
A．speeding up the design process
B．providing completely different designs
C．providing most immediately recognizable designs
D．offering original but not revolutionary answers to problems
解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，洛威的設(shè)計(jì)都基于一個(gè)原則：最先進(jìn)的但仍可接受的。
3．Loewy first used streamlining ________.
A．in his re-design of the Lucky Strike packaging
B．when he designed a company logo for the Gestetner
C．when he re-designed a copying machine for Gestetner
D．in his design for the Greyhound bus and Studebaker car
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段及第四段中的“The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining (流線型)．”可知，洛威受委托為一位企業(yè)家Sigmund Gestetner重新設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)印機(jī)時(shí)，他首次采用“流線型”的設(shè)計(jì)理念。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Loewy provided service to ordinary people.
B．Loewy's designs were famous and influential.
C．Loewy's design firms existed all over the world.
D．Loewy was welcomed and respected by the public.
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，一個(gè)普通人每日都會接觸雷蒙德·洛威公司的設(shè)計(jì)作品，由此可推知，雷蒙德·洛威公司的設(shè)計(jì)作品非常著名，而且極富影響力。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
(2019·南寧模擬)Everyone knows how important trees are to the well-being of the earth.__1__ By providing shade for people to enjoy time outside, trees can shade our homes to keep them cooler in the summertime.They can hide unsightly (不美觀的) views, reduce noise from nearby roads, and serve as windbreaks.Many types also produce flowers and fruit.These tall plants simply make our homes and neighborhoods more attractive.
Choosing Trees
__2__ Planting a tree is a long-term project.Large shade varieties, especially, take a long time to grow.And once planted, they are difficult to move.Trees can also be a significant financial investment, so it's important to choose wisely.
__3__ You may not have room to grow all the types you want to try.So take the time to choose a plant you like that also will grow well in the conditions you can provide.Trees vary widely in their need for space, light, and soil conditions.
Care
Once you've made a choice, you'll need to prepare your site for planting.You may need to clear the area of other vegetation and improve the soil with organic matter such as fertilizer and nutrients.If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read “ How to Plant a Tree”．__4__
Providing proper care after it's planted is also important.__5__Feed regularly, water deeply, and prune (修剪) them carefully, so they become strong and healthy.Mature plants usually don't need to be watered or fertilized.
A．They also provide homes for wildlife.
B．Your success depends on proper planting.
C．Many yards have space for only a few large plants.
D．Young plants should be babied for the first few years.
E．They develop large root systems and can grow by themselves.
F．When you are planting trees, it's wise to plan your selections carefully.
G．But do you know there are also many advantages of growing them in your own yard?
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了種樹的一些注意事項(xiàng)。
1．選G　空前講述的是樹對地球的重要性，空后講述的是樹給人們及其住所提供的諸多好處，前后意思上存在轉(zhuǎn)折，故選G。
2．選F　該部分的主題為Choosing Trees，主要講述的是要謹(jǐn)慎地選擇所種的樹，故選F。下文中的“so it's important to choose wisely”亦是提示。
3．選C　根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，你可能沒有足夠的空間來種所有你想種的樹，所以要選擇能在你所能提供的條件中良好生長的樹。空后內(nèi)容圍繞“空間”展開，故選C。
4．選B　根據(jù)空前一句“If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read ‘How to Plant a Tree’．”可知，自己種樹時(shí)遵循指南很重要，空處承接上文，故選B。
5．選D　空前一句講的是種好樹后適當(dāng)?shù)恼樟虾苤匾?，空后一句敘述了具體的照料方法，空處連接上下文；末句中的“Mature plants”與此處形成對比，由此可推斷空處講的是對未成熟的植株的照料需要花一段時(shí)間，故選D。
Ⅲ.概要寫作
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Everyone looks forward to progress. Progress shows a person's ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress means a better way of doing things. However, all these remain true only when people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.
However, in the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”， progress goes with a price. Now communication becomes efficient. With the communication gadgets like mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit has the additional benefit of being in the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts.
With progress also comes mass production. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when they are making these products. For example, many handcrafts (手工藝品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, mass production lowers the quality of the handcraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless, we must not analyze progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people's attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people's attitude.
參考范文：
Though commonly expected, progress can benefit people only with their acceptance of modern technology and pursuit of efficiency. (要點(diǎn)1) However, to some people, advanced communication devices are to blame for the loss of personal visits despite their high efficiency. (要點(diǎn)2) The machine-made products also lack personal touch and uniqueness. (要點(diǎn)3) In fact, technological progress makes it possible for old products to survive. (要點(diǎn)4) Thus, it is people's attitude that decides the use of technology.(要點(diǎn)5)


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