一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類(lèi)記單詞——省時(shí)高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．frontier n．　新領(lǐng)域
2．a(chǎn)necdote n. 趣聞，軼事
3．spokesman n. 發(fā)言人；代言人
4．burglar n. 竊賊，小偷
5．a(chǎn)ntique adj. 古時(shí)制造的，古董的
6．basement n. 地下室；地下層
7．courtyard n. 庭院，院子
8．parcel n. (小)包裹
9．circulate v. 流傳；傳播
10．tentative adj. 不確定的；試探性的
11．substitute n. 代替物；代替品
12．outcome n. 結(jié)果；后果
13．manuscript n. 底稿；手稿
14．passion n. 激情，熱愛(ài)
15．squeeze v. 榨出；擠出；壓出(液體)
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫(xiě)其形)
1．dull adj.　　　枯燥的；沉悶的
2．subject n. (繪畫(huà)，攝影等的)主題
3．overnight adj. 持續(xù)整夜的
4．passer-by n. (過(guò))路人
5．flee v. 逃跑，逃掉
6．behalf n. 方面；利益
7．fundamental adj. 根本的；基本的
8．merely adv. 僅僅；只不過(guò)
9．blame n. (對(duì)錯(cuò)事或壞事應(yīng)負(fù)的)責(zé)任
10．rural adj. 農(nóng)村的，鄉(xiāng)村的
11．loss n. 丟失；喪失
12．chief adj. 最重要的；首要的
13．drawback n. 不利因素
14．superb adj. 極好的；超級(jí)的
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．disturbing adj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.被打擾的；不安的；心理失常的→disturb v．打擾；擾亂；使不安
2．basically adv.基本上，本質(zhì)上，大致說(shuō)來(lái)→basic adj.基本/基礎(chǔ)的；初級(jí)的→base n．基礎(chǔ) v．以……為基礎(chǔ)
3．effect n．效果；作用→effective adj.有效的；實(shí)際的
4．motivate v．激發(fā)/勵(lì)→motivation n．動(dòng)機(jī)；刺激；推動(dòng)
5．skilled adj.有技巧的，熟練的→skill n．技能；技巧→skillful adj.靈巧的
6．a(chǎn)ppeal v．懇求；呼吁→appealing adj.有吸引力的
7．suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子 v．懷疑→suspicious adj.可疑的
8．gifted adj.有天賦/才華的→gift n．天賦/才；禮物
9．inspire v．鼓舞，激勵(lì)→inspiration n．靈感；啟示；鼓舞
10．profession n．職業(yè)→professional adj.專(zhuān)業(yè)/職業(yè)的→professor n．教授
[語(yǔ)境活用]
1．The expert said relievers are a safe and effective medicine and have very few side effects on your body.(effect)
2．Most people think a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life and it is generally accepted that people are motivated by success.(motivate)
3．The disturbing news made people present at the meeting disturbed.(disturb)
4．Basically,_his income only meets basic living expenses.So he only chooses a simple lifestyle based on his limited salary.(base)
5．The police suspected that two of the suspects caught yesterday were connected with another case.They were more suspicious.(suspect)
6．Even if you are a gifted man, you should not take your gift for granted.Make full use of it and you'll succeed.(gift)

(二)練中記短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)記牢
語(yǔ)境活用(選用左欄短語(yǔ)填空)
1.depend_on 　依靠/賴(lài)；取決于(條件、情況)
2．in_history 歷史上
3．leave_for 出發(fā)去某地
4．leave_sth.behind 把……拋在后面
5．on_behalf_of 代表……
6．get_tired_of_doing_sth. 厭倦/煩做某事
7．a(chǎn)t_liberty 獲得自由的
8．up_to 到(某個(gè)數(shù)量)
9．lead_to 導(dǎo)致，通向，通往
10．take_up 從事，開(kāi)始做(某項(xiàng)工作)；占據(jù)
1.When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
2．If you ask the fastest runner to make the pace, then most of them will be left_behind.
3．On_behalf_of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
4．Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead_to physical changes in the brain.
5．The task was so severe that it took_up a lot of their time.
6．He finished the task ahead of time and his income totaled up_to 10,000 dollars this month.

(三)仿寫(xiě)明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫(xiě)
1.It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.
它被認(rèn)為是一種新的形象逼真型繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格的最好代表作，這種風(fēng)格一經(jīng)使用就使人們驚嘆不已。
Sb./Sth.is believed to be/do ...“某人/某事被認(rèn)為是/做……”。
(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá)) 剪紙被認(rèn)為有1 500多年的歷史。
Paper-cutting is_believed_to_have a history of more than 1,500 years.
2.Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light ...
畫(huà)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何使用透視法和光線的效果……
“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)。
讀了說(shuō)明書(shū)后，我知道了如何使用手機(jī)上的應(yīng)用程序。
After reading the instructions, I know how_to_use the apps in the cellphone.
3.So you can walk along a street for half an hour or so and end up five minutes from where you started.
那么你有可能沿街走了半個(gè)小時(shí)左右，結(jié)果離你出發(fā)的地點(diǎn)實(shí)際僅有五分鐘的路程。
where引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞from的賓語(yǔ)。
讓我們從上次停的地方繼續(xù)講故事吧。
Let's go on with our story from_where_we_stopped_last_time.

二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化

1．effect n．效果；作用；影響
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.
②The law of celebrating the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival has come into effect all over the country.
③Though side effects (effect) from aspirin are not common, they can occur.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)have an effect on　　　　　　 對(duì)……有影響
bring/put ...into effect 使……生效
come into effect 開(kāi)始生效/實(shí)施
take effect 見(jiàn)效，生效，實(shí)施
in effect 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的
(3)affect v. 影響
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰(affect/effect)
④The teacher's encouragement has a positive effect on the students.
⑤Smoking too much will affect your health greatly.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑥我過(guò)去常常嘗試一些有效的方法以實(shí)現(xiàn)我的學(xué)業(yè)目標(biāo)。
I used_to_try_some_effective_methods to achieve my academic goals.
2．seek v．(sought, sought)尋求；尋找；追求；探索；試圖
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
②He was in trouble and sought (seek) the help of a private lawyer.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
seek out　　　　　　　　　　 挑選出；找出
seek to do sth. 試圖/爭(zhēng)取做某事
seek after sth. 追尋某物
hide-and-seek 捉迷藏；躲貓貓
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
③(2015·湖北高考寫(xiě)作)從這次經(jīng)歷中，我知道了質(zhì)疑可以成為幫助我們探尋真理的橋梁。
From this experience, I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps_us_to_seek_the_truth.
僻義牢牢記
④The United States will introduce a new exam for students who seek to study in America.試圖
3．blame n．(對(duì)錯(cuò)事或壞事應(yīng)負(fù)的)責(zé)任；過(guò)失v.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to_blame (blame) for losing the job.
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)blame ...for ...　 　 　　　 因……而責(zé)備……
blame ...on ... 把……歸咎于……
be to blame (for ...) (因……)應(yīng)受責(zé)備；(對(duì)……)應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任
(2)take/accept the blame (for) (為……) 承擔(dān)責(zé)任
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on sb. (把某事)歸咎于某人
[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
③一些學(xué)生因他們對(duì)待別人不禮貌和粗魯?shù)膽B(tài)度而應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。
Some students are_to_blame_for their impolite and rude attitude toward others.
4．inspire v．鼓舞，激勵(lì)，鼓勵(lì)，激發(fā)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①His speech was inspiring (inspire) and touched everyone's heart.
②The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations (inspire) for great inventions.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)inspire sb.to do sth.　　 激勵(lì)某人做某事
inspire sb.with sth.＝inspire sth.in sb. 以……激勵(lì)某人；激起某人的……
(2)inspired adj. 品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的；能力卓越的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；啟發(fā)靈感的
inspiration n. 鼓舞；啟示；靈感
[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)
③His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
→His encouraging remarks inspired_me_with_confidence.

1．depend on 依靠，依賴(lài)；取決于(條件、情況)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi) know we can depend on her to_deal/dealing (deal) with the tough situation.
②Don't worry.You can depend on it that he'll turn up on time.He always keeps his promise.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
depend on sb.to do sth.＝depend on sb./sb.'s doing sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事
depend on sb.for sth. 指望/依賴(lài)某人得到某物
depend on/upon it that ... 相信/指望……
It (just/all) depends. 視情況而定。
[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
③依賴(lài)快餐可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人遭受缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)的痛苦。
Depending_on_fast_food may cause a person to suffer from lack of nutrition.
2．leave sth.behind把……拋在后面；遺留
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
leave alone　　　　　 不打擾；不干涉；不管；不理
leave for 動(dòng)身去某地
leave off 停止；中斷
leave aside 不考慮；忽視；擱在一邊
leave out 遺漏，省略，刪去，不考慮
leave ...to ... 把……交由……處理
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空
①The editors decided to leave out this chapter to make the book shorter.
②I met Professor Green in the street the other day and he told me he would soon leave for Britain.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
③你要是不努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)落在別人后面。
If you don't study hard, you'll_be_left_behind.
3．“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
　[教材原句]　Painters discovered how_to_use perspective and the effects of light ...
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①When_and_where_to_hold_the_meeting remains to be discussed further.
何時(shí)何地舉行會(huì)議有待于進(jìn)一步討論。
②They always told me what_to_do_and_how_to_do_it.
他們總是告訴我該做什么以及怎么做。
③The boy is too young to know what to do when in trouble.
→The boy is too young to know what_he_should_do when in trouble.
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
用法
規(guī)則
(1)“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞(who, what, which)和疑問(wèn)副詞(when, where, how)。
(2)“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為從句。
注意
事項(xiàng)
(1)在“疑問(wèn)代詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
(2)按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，疑問(wèn)詞why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not 開(kāi)頭的省略疑問(wèn)句中，其后可跟不帶to 的不定式。

　[佳句背誦]
①(精彩開(kāi)頭句)It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2018·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))With their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.

本單元語(yǔ)篇話題與新課程主題語(yǔ)境“人與社會(huì)”中的“繪畫(huà)”子話題相對(duì)應(yīng)
一、話題語(yǔ)素積累多一點(diǎn)
子話題——繪畫(huà)
(一)淺易詞匯溫一溫
①art ②artist　　　?、踫hade　　　?、躳aint
⑤special ⑥feeling ⑦attempt ⑧figure
⑨controversial
(二)生疏詞匯記一記
①studio n． 畫(huà)室　　 　　　 ②self-portrait n. 自畫(huà)像
③sketch n. 草圖；素描 ④gallery n. 畫(huà)廊
⑤impact n. 沖擊；影響 ⑥creative adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的
⑦vivid adj. 生動(dòng)的；逼真的 ⑧religious adj. 宗教的
⑨feature v. 以……為特色 ⑩classic adj. 古典的
(三)常用詞塊憶一憶
①art museum　　 藝術(shù)博物館
②a collection of ……的收藏品
③sense of beauty 美感
④enjoy great popularity 廣受歡迎
⑤range from ...to ... 從……到……不等
⑥be located in 坐落在……
⑦visual impacts 視覺(jué)沖擊
⑧contemporary civilization 當(dāng)代文明
⑨such as 比如
⑩focus on 集中于
(四)寫(xiě)作佳句背一背
①The first thing I would like to tell you is that it was constructed in the Ming Dynasty.
②It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and light.
二、“分步寫(xiě)作”表達(dá)準(zhǔn)一點(diǎn)
讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)情節(jié)發(fā)展合理化
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫(xiě)，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。
Walking up to the ringing phone, I looked at my clock. Midnight. Panicky thoughts filled my sleepy mind as I grabbed the receiver.
“Hello？” My heart pounded.
“Mama？” The voice answered. My thoughts immediately went to my_daughter.
When I heard the sound of a young crying_voice,_I grabbed my_husband.
“Mama, I know it's late. But don't say anything until I finish. And before you ask, yes, I've been drinking. I nearly ran off the road a few miles back and ...”
I took a sharp breath,_released my husband, and pressed my hand against my forehead (額頭). Something wasn't right.
“ And I got so scared. I want to come home. I know running away was wrong. I should have called you days ago but I was afraid ... ”
I tried to talk: “I think ...”
“No! Please let me finish！” She said, desperately. Before I could go on, she continued. “I'm pregnant (懷孕的), Mama. I know I shouldn't be drinking ... but I'm scared, Mama.”
I bit into my lip (嘴唇), feeling my eyes filled with tears. My husband left the room, and returned seconds later with a cellphone against his ear.
She asked, “Are you still there? Please don't hang up on me! I feel so lonely.”
I held the phone. “I'm here. I wouldn't hang up，” I said.
“I should have told you, Mama. But when we talk, you just keep telling me what I should do. You read all those pamphlets (手冊(cè)) on how to talk to kids,_but all you do is talk. You don't listen to me. Because you're my mother,_you think you have all the answers. But sometimes I don't need answers. I just want someone to listen.”
I stared at the how-to-talk-to-your-kids pamphlets on my nightstand (床頭柜)．“ I'm listening，” I whispered.
Then she said she had called a taxi. When the taxi arrived, she hung up.
注意：1.所續(xù)寫(xiě)短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2．至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)；
3．續(xù)寫(xiě)部分分為兩段，每段的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好；
4．續(xù)寫(xiě)完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。
Paragraph 1：
I went to my 16-year-old daughter's room.　

　

　
Paragraph 2：
I looked at our sleeping daughter.　

　

　
[寫(xiě)作步驟]
第一步：速讀全文
文本大意：作者接到了一個(gè)電話，電話中的女孩錯(cuò)把作者當(dāng)成自己的媽媽?zhuān)⒏髡哒f(shuō)的一些話觸動(dòng)了作者的心靈。
敘述意圖：文章告訴我們要學(xué)會(huì)傾聽(tīng)。
第二步：細(xì)讀全文
1．所給短文情景模式分析。
who
I, a young girl, my daughter, my husband
what
A young girl mistook the author for her mother and called to tell the author to learn to listen to her.
when
midnight
where
at home
why
The girl ran away from home and felt lonely. She wanted her mother to listen to her.

2．對(duì)原文所提供的下劃線詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。
★人物：my daughter, my husband, kid, mother
★事件：crying voice, wrong
★動(dòng)作與心理描寫(xiě)：breath, call, return, listen
第三步：精心謀篇
1．Paragraph 1：I went to my 16-year-old daughter's room. 我去了我16歲女兒的房間。
[情節(jié)分析]　根據(jù)前文“電話中的女孩錯(cuò)把作者當(dāng)成自己的媽媽?zhuān)⒏髡哒f(shuō)的一些話觸動(dòng)了作者的心靈”這一故事情節(jié)，并結(jié)合“I went to my 16-year-old daughter's room.”這一開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)，合理想象作者去女兒臥室后發(fā)生的事情和相應(yīng)的心理活動(dòng)。進(jìn)入臥室發(fā)現(xiàn)女兒在熟睡，結(jié)合全文主題“傾聽(tīng)”，可知夫妻二人會(huì)從中得到啟發(fā)，要學(xué)會(huì)傾聽(tīng)。
2．Paragraph 2：I looked at our sleeping daughter.
我看著我們熟睡的女兒。
[情節(jié)分析]　根據(jù)段首句可知，此處作者應(yīng)該先敘述女兒現(xiàn)在睡覺(jué)的情況，她面帶微笑地睡著了，她不知道發(fā)生了什么事，她不知道她媽媽剛剛學(xué)到了一些重要的東西。最后要回歸主題——學(xué)會(huì)傾聽(tīng)。
第四步：初寫(xiě)成文
Paragraph 1：
1．我丈夫從后面過(guò)來(lái)。
My husband came from_behind.
2．我女兒靜靜地睡著。
My daughter was_sleeping_quietly.
3．我看著我的丈夫，他也看著我。
I looked at my husband, and he was also looking_at me.
4．“我們必須學(xué)會(huì)傾聽(tīng)，”我對(duì)他說(shuō)。
“We have to learn_to_listen，” I said to him.
5．他打量了我一會(huì)兒，然后問(wèn)道：“你認(rèn)為她會(huì)知道她打錯(cuò)電話了嗎？”
He studied me for a second, and then asked, “Do you think she will ever know that she dialed_the_wrong_number？”
Paragraph 2：
6．她面帶微笑地睡著。
She was sleeping and there was a smile on_her_face.
7．也許她正在做一個(gè)好夢(mèng)。
Maybe she was having a_nice_dream.
8．她不知道發(fā)生了什么事。
She didn't know what_had_happened.
9．她不知道她媽媽剛剛學(xué)到了一些重要的東西。
She didn't know her mother had learned something_important just now.
10．告訴孩子們?cè)撟鍪裁词潜匾?，但更重要的是要?tīng)他們說(shuō)。
It's necessary to tell children what to do, but it's_more_important to listen to them.
11．我在那里站了一會(huì)兒，想了整件事情。
I stood_there_for_a_while and thought about the whole thing.
12．我回頭看了看我的丈夫，對(duì)他說(shuō)：“也許這不是一個(gè)錯(cuò)的號(hào)碼?！?br /> I looked_back_at my husband and said to him, “Maybe it wasn't such a wrong number.”
第五步：潤(rùn)色升級(jí)
1．用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě)要點(diǎn)6。
She_was_sleeping_with_a_smile_on_her_face.
2．用同源賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě)要點(diǎn)7。
Maybe_she_was_dreaming_a_nice_dream.
3．用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)要點(diǎn)11。
I_stood_there_for_a_while,_thinking_about_the_whole_thing.
第六步：復(fù)查定稿
Paragraph 1：
I went to my 16-year-old daughter's room.My_husband came from behind. My_daughter was sleeping quietly. I looked at my husband, and he was also looking at me. “We have to learn to listen，” I said to him. He studied me for a second, and then asked, “Do you think she will ever know that she dialed the wrong number？”
Paragraph 2：
I looked at our sleeping daughter. She was sleeping with a smile on her face. Maybe she was dreaming a nice dream. She didn't know what had happened. She didn't know her mother had learned something important just now. It's necessary to tell children what to do, but it's more important to listen to them. I stood there for a while, thinking about the whole thing. Then I looked back at my husband and said to him, “Maybe it wasn't such a wrong number.”

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)
1．A skilled (熟練的) worker can perform the task easily.
2．The noisy, busy life of the city has never appealed (吸引) to me.
3．A dozen ideas were considered before the chief (首要的) architect decided on the design of the building.
4．There is no doubt that online learning has drawbacks (不利因素) as well.
5．My grandpa has a great passion (熱愛(ài)) for classical music.
6．The advertisement didn't have much effect (作用) on sales.
7．Your support has always given me added inspiration and motivation (動(dòng)機(jī))．
8．The loss (丟失) of her purse caused her much inconvenience.
9．We use games to inspire (激勵(lì)) children to read and write for pleasure.
10．Lucy was awarded first prize for her superb (極好的) performance on the stage.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)法填空
1．As a ?gifted (gift) student, Li Mei participated in the provincial drawing contest ?on behalf of our school.One of the ?subjects (subject) showed in her work was ?to_seek (seek) the beauty of farmers in rural areas.
2．I get ?tired (tire) of the abstract paintings.It's just ?merely (mere) because they can't arouse my passion ?for arts.What really ?appeals (appeal) to me is that the ?anecdotes (anecdote) of the artists, which, I think, motivate me to take ?up writing as my ?profession (professor) in the future.
3．My uncle is an ?official (office) in the government.He is busy visiting the mills ?that produce presses.?Basically (basic) speaking, he has no time to think about where ?to_spend (spend) his holidays. So he has to leave his holidays ?behind.
Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1．此外，我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)如何與他人好好相處。(“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”作賓語(yǔ))
In addition, we should learn_how_to_get_along_well_with_others.
2．城堡里的很多畫(huà)被認(rèn)為是在一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)中被毀掉的。(be believed to do)
A number of paintings in this castle are_believed_to_have_been_destroyed in a fire.
3．他爬上寺廟頂上，從那兒除了樹(shù)他看不到別的東西。(from where)
He climbed up to the top of the temple, from_where_he_could_see_nothing_but_trees.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根據(jù)提示填空
A hidden portrait underneath the “Mona Lisa” has been discovered by a French scientist, who said he uncovered the image using ?reflective (reflect) light technology.The digitally reconstructed image of the hidden portrait ?was_presented (present) at a press conference by scientist Pascal Cotte, who's been analyzing the Leonardo da Vinci's ?masterpiece (代表作) for over a decade.Cotte said he uncovered the image using a camera that took ?images (image) of the painting under intense light.
The hidden portrait showed a ?sitting (sit) figure that looks almost the same as the “Mona Lisa.” There are small but great ?differences (different)．The sitter in the image appears to be looking to the side rather than ?directly (direct) at the viewer, and the sitter does not seem to have the smile that ?has_attracted (attract) “Mona Lisa” viewers for over 500 years.
(Ⅱ)片段選詞填空
exception， object， technique， individual， meet， surroundings， realize， natural， two-point， artist
In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the ?individual person and his or her possessions and ?surroundings.A flat medieval style couldn't show this level of reality and the artists needed a new ?technique.It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing.At first the ?artists of the Renaissance only had a single-point perspective.Later they ?realized that they could have two-point perspective and still later multi-point perspective.
With ?two-point perspective they could turn an ?object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it.The technique of perspective which seems so ?natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”．Like all bits of grammar there are ?exceptions about perspective.For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level.Sloping roof tops don't ?meet on eye level.


一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語(yǔ)法填空
1．(2018·江蘇高考)Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated (motivate) after one or two nights.
2．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Skilled (skill) workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create special designs.
3．(2015·浙江高考)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.
4．(2015·四川高考)Brian is gifted (gift) in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
5．(2013·天津高考)If you want to discuss freely without disturbing (disturb) others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.
6．(2011·江蘇高考)The act of apology is carried out not merely (mere) at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution.
7．(2010·重慶高考)This finally inspired (inspire) his famous work, On the Origin of Species.
8．(2009·江蘇高考)The mouse is a most effective (effect) device used by people to communicate with a computer.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用basically, inspire, leave for填空)
1．(2013·四川高考完形填空)For the first time in my life I could speak to someone who'd been through something similar.So weeks later, at my 13th birthday party, __28__ by her bravery, I gave up my scarf and showed off my scars.It felt amazing not having to hide away behind my scarf.inspired
2．(2009·遼寧高考完形填空)When he arrived at his father's house, he was told that his father had been in hospital for a week.The moment he was about to __47__ the hospital，he saw on the desk the still new book, just as he had left it one year ago.leave_for
3．(2009·廣東高考完形填空)To make sure that he was remembered with love and respect, Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.So __30__， Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.basically
二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：藝術(shù)是一種很重要、很普遍的文化形式，有著非常復(fù)雜而豐富的內(nèi)容，與人的實(shí)際生活密切相關(guān)。藝術(shù)作為一種精神產(chǎn)品，具有無(wú)限發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)，并在整個(gè)社會(huì)產(chǎn)品中占有越來(lái)越大的比重。高考圍繞此話題進(jìn)行命題，旨在展現(xiàn)藝術(shù)的魅力和影響，讓考生在欣賞藝術(shù)作品的同時(shí)提高藝術(shù)修養(yǎng)。
[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語(yǔ)篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
( 加藍(lán)詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時(shí)請(qǐng)揣摩其用法)
[1]Many parents wonder why their children should study art.To some, art is nice but useless.They consider it unnecessary to human existence.To others, art is important and meets some human needs that can't be met any other way.
[2]So what is the purpose of art?
[3]The earliest art — cave drawings and the like — certainly had some important purposes.This type of art was a record of events, a means of sharing stories, and a way to pass on information.People created primitive (原始的) art to show the world around them — pictures were usually of animals, birds, plants, and humans in scenes of daily life, especially hunting.
[4]In recent centuries, art has become more complicated.The spoken and written words have become our major means of communication, so art can be more than just a chronicle of historic events or a way to share stories, although it still can be those things as well.
[5]Through art, artists share their feelings in a way that brings on something from the viewers.The feelings one experiences when viewing art may be pleasing or not.The artist is trying to express something; it's up to you to figure out what that is.Art is a conversation between you and the artist; they put themselves into their works, and you bring yourself to your explanation of them. Because of the feelings that art can bring on — feelings that usually cannot be brought on by other means — art is necessary to human existence.Art meets our needs for self-expression, communication, and our desire for connection with other humans across centuries and cultures.
[6]Now, we can conclude that art is very important.Since it is important, kids should learn it.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：作者認(rèn)為藝術(shù)很重要，兒童應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。
1．What do we know about the primitive art?
A．It didn't have any important purposes.
B．It was mainly about people's daily life.
C．It was created mainly to entertain people.
D．It was meant to help people understand the world.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的“People created primitive (原始的) art to show the world around them — pictures were usually of animals, birds, plants, and humans in scenes of daily life, especially hunting.”可知，藝術(shù)一開(kāi)始主要是關(guān)于人們的日常生活的。
2．What does the underlined word “chronicle” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Tool.　　　　　　　　　 B．Mirror.
C．Guide. D．Record.
解析：選D　詞義猜測(cè)題。第三段說(shuō)藝術(shù)一開(kāi)始主要是用來(lái)記錄生活的，第四段指出后來(lái)藝術(shù)變得更為復(fù)雜了，不再僅僅是對(duì)歷史事件的“記錄”了。
3．Paragraph 5 mainly shows art's use of ________.
A．making a living B．explaining problems
C．exchanging feelings D．storing information
解析：選C　段落大意題。第五段主要說(shuō)明藝術(shù)的情感交流方面的作用。
4．The text is meant to show that ________.
A．kids love art for a reason
B．children should study art
C．a(chǎn)rt is very important to humans
D．a(chǎn)rt is used for different purposes
解析：選B　主旨大意題。由第一段的“Many parents wonder why their children should study art.”和最后一段可知，作者主要通過(guò)闡述藝術(shù)的重要性來(lái)表明兒童應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
主旨大意技法(6)——利用正確選項(xiàng)的三大特征解題
①涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文。
②確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。
③精確性強(qiáng)，不會(huì)改變語(yǔ)言表意的程度及色彩。
以上文第4題為例：文章開(kāi)頭提出話題——許多父母想知道他們的孩子為什么要學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)；接著文章闡述了從古至今藝術(shù)的用途；最后一段得出結(jié)論，即藝術(shù)是重要的。因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)重要，所以?xún)和瘧?yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。B項(xiàng)概括全面、準(zhǔn)確。

Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Renaissance is a French word. It means “rebirth”．It's a strange name for a period of history. What was it that was “reborn” during the Renaissance?
To answer this question, we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire. At this time Roman artists, scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world's most advanced. They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations.
During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down. Many of the Romans' art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts (原稿) were lost as well. But most importantly, some of the ancient attitudes were lost. A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.
Why did this happen? One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church. Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning. The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.
Take medicine for example. The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier. But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth-century priest (牧師), said that a new approach to medicine was needed — doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen — the Church put him in prison
By the time of the fourteenth century, however, some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists, doctors and scientists. People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it. This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars, and it was “reborn” during the Renaissance.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文?！拔乃噺?fù)興”一詞來(lái)源于法語(yǔ)，意為“重生”，那么在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期重生的是什么呢？本文給出了答案。
1．We know from the text that scientists at the time of the Roman Empire believed in ________.
A．their companions' observations
B．what they saw with their own eyes
C．what they learned from the Greeks
D．the most advanced theories at that time
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“skilled observers”及“They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations.”可知，羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)期的科學(xué)家們善于觀察，他們相信自己看到的，并基于自己的觀察建立理論。
2．We can infer that students in the Church-controlled universities might ________.
A．have good memories　　 　B．change their beliefs
C．be lacking in creativity D．be interested in astronomy
解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones ... study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them”可知，在教會(huì)控制下的大學(xué)里，學(xué)生們只是機(jī)械地學(xué)習(xí)已有的知識(shí)，不去探究周?chē)氖澜?，這樣教育出來(lái)的學(xué)生必然缺乏創(chuàng)造力。
3．Roger Bacon was put in prison because he ________.
A．gave up being a priest
B．challenged the Church
C．did some research secretly
D．showed no respect for Galen
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，在教會(huì)的影響下，當(dāng)時(shí)主要使用的醫(yī)學(xué)教科書(shū)是一千多年前蓋倫寫(xiě)的。羅杰·培根對(duì)此提出了反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，他認(rèn)為醫(yī)生應(yīng)該自己做研究，而不是閱讀過(guò)去某個(gè)人寫(xiě)的著作。正是因?yàn)榱_杰·培根提出了與教會(huì)倡導(dǎo)相悖的意見(jiàn)，所以他被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。
4．The text probably comes from a book about ________.
A．medicine　　　　　　　 　B．history
C．religion D．education
解析：選B　文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文回答了“在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期重生的是什么”的問(wèn)題。有關(guān)文藝復(fù)興的話題屬于歷史的范疇，故選B項(xiàng)。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Being a good parent means helping your kids acquire healthy habits and drop the bad ones. To help you along, we have created a list of things you should teach your child.
__1__
We never feel like a failure when we have friends who can help us get through life's darkest moments. Therefore, teaching your children how to make genuine (真誠(chéng)的) friends and what it means to be a good friend themselves is truly a blessing.__2__.And then encourage them to make friends with kids of their age.
Honesty
And finally, we come to honesty. Teach your children how to be true to themselves, their friends, and to you.__3__. This is because a lie is always found out in the end. To be happy and satisfied, they have to be real and true to what they believe in.
Eat healthy food
By feeding them healthy products, you will increase their energy and promote better well-being. Some families are successful in getting their children to eat healthily by not introducing junk foods into their diet at all and letting children understand the benefits of healthy eating.__4__.
Being positive
__5__. Try to cheer your children up even when things are not going as well as you would want them to. You can always find a bright side and encourage your whole family.
A．Healthy eating
B．Being a good friend
C．Don't be a negative person
D．Taking care of your health is vital
E．First, be a good friend to your kids
F．Help them understand that lying or pretending never works
G．Also, it might be easier if you make eating healthy into a fun activity

1．選B　此處是本段的主題句。根據(jù)本段首句中的“... we have friends ...”可知，本段與交朋友有關(guān)。故選B項(xiàng)。
2．選E　根據(jù)下文的“And then encourage them to make friends with kids of their age.”可知，E項(xiàng)與下文內(nèi)容銜接。
3．選F　根據(jù)該段的標(biāo)題“Honesty”，以及下一句“This is because a lie is always found out in the end.”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“謊言或假裝不會(huì)起作用”與本段主題一致。
4．選G　本段的主題是“吃健康的食物”，而G項(xiàng)與“吃健康的食物”相關(guān)，符合語(yǔ)境。
5．選C　根據(jù)本段主題“Being positive”可知，C項(xiàng)“不要做一個(gè)消極的人”與之內(nèi)容銜接。
Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫(xiě)，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。
Once upon a time in my family, the Saturday after Thanksgiving was the start of our annual big tamale (玉米粽子)-making party. We made them to share with friends and neighbors.
Preparation began with Daddy and the cleaning of the corn_husks (外殼). First he boiled them and left them in the water overnight. No husk passed inspection without being soft enough for folding. The next day, the rest of us got to work. My brothers and uncles were on hand for cleanup duty. And there was much to clean up as we women prepared the dough (生面團(tuán)) made of corn. We also prepared the meat for the filling. The dough had to be spread evenly across the husk，and each tamale folded carefully so it would not split open during steaming.
According to the long-standing tradition — at least in my family — no one was allowed to leave the kitchen during the steaming. This could ruin the process. After all, no one wanted a bad tamale!
I thought the family tamale-making party would go on forever, but to continue a family_tradition,_you needed to have family. Mine had changed forever. My father, two of my brothers and my uncle died in a short span of time. Mom and I spent months in a state of sad loss. At Christmas friends asked, “Are we going to get tamales this year？” Passing tamales out to friends was one of the great joys of the season, after all. But we couldn't face it. Eventually, as the years went by, people stopped asking.
One afternoon, just before Thanksgiving, my mother and I pushed an empty shopping cart through the supermarket. I rounded the corner into the next room and found her standing in front of a counter: packages of dough, bags of corn husks, dried spices — all the materials for a perfect tamale.“It's time，” Mom said. I knew she was right. We set aside a Saturday to spend in the kitchen, just the two of us, alone with our thoughts.
注意：1.所續(xù)寫(xiě)短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2．至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)；
3．續(xù)寫(xiě)部分分為兩段，每段的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好；
4．續(xù)寫(xiě)完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。
Paragraph 1：
When we laid everything out I fell into the old routine.


　

　
Paragraph 2：
My mother and I pronounced our tamale-making a success, full of loving memories from the past and hopeful wishes for tomorrow.　

　

　
參考范文：
Paragraph 1：
When we laid everything out I fell into the old routine. We were for cleanup duty ourselves as we went along. Of course Daddy wasn't there to deal with the corn_husks. They hadn't been cleaned; they hadn't been in the water. We lit a candle for our relatives in heaven and got to work filling and folding the tamales. Neither of us stepped out of the busy kitchen until the steaming was complete. By the end of the day, we had many beautiful tamales to share with our neighbors and friends.
Paragraph 2：
My mother and I pronounced our tamale-making a success, full of loving memories from the past and hopeful wishes for tomorrow. You can be sure we are preparing for this year's tamales and our kitchen will be crowded once again. My grandniece wants to learn the family_tradition. Rule One：No one leaves the kitchen during the steaming! Life may change, but our family is forever bound together by love, memories and our favorite Thanksgiving dish.


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