一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．sandstorm n．　　沙塵暴
2．inland adj. 內(nèi)地的；內(nèi)陸的
3．campaign n. 戰(zhàn)役；活動
4．dune n. 沙丘
5．citizen n. 公民；市民
6．dust n. 沙塵；灰塵
7．cycle vi. 騎自行車
8．mask n. 面罩
9．carbon n. 碳
10．dioxide n. 二氧化物
11．melt vi. 融化
12．coastal adj. 沿海的
Ⅱ.重點單詞(寫其形)
1．mass adj.　　大量的；大規(guī)模的
2．process n. 進程；過程
3．forecast vt. 預(yù)報；預(yù)告
4．a(chǎn)tmosphere n. 大氣；大氣層；氣氛
5．chemical n. 化學(xué)藥品
6．environment n. 環(huán)境
7．garbage n. 廢料；垃圾
8．recycle v. 重新利用；再循環(huán)
9．scary adj. 恐怖的；嚇人的
10．a(chǎn)bsolutely adv. 絕對地；完全地
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．frightening adj.嚇人的；可怕的→frightened adj.害怕的→frighten vt.使害怕→fright n．害怕；恐懼
2．strength n．力量；力氣→strengthen vt.加強→strong adj.強壯的；堅強的
3．concerned adj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的；有關(guān)的→concern n．&vt. 關(guān)心；擔(dān)心；與……相關(guān)→concerning prep.關(guān)于；就……而言
4．evidence n．根據(jù)；證明→evident adj.明顯的
5．major adj.主要的；多數(shù)的vi.主修→majority n．大多數(shù)
6．urgent adj.緊急的→urge vt.催促；極力主張→urgency n．緊急情況
7．pollute vt.污染→pollution n．污染
8．complain vi.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷→complaint n．抱怨
9．protection n．保護→protect vt.保護
[語境活用]
1．The frightening scene frightened the boy. He felt frightened but he tried to hide his fright.(fright)
2．Knowing our strength is very important. But the most important is to strengthen the ties with the people around us.(strength)
3．Lacking proper protection against cold, we try to make a fire to protect us from the cold night.(protect)
4．The teacher urged that the students should be taught how to take urgent action in urgency.(urgent)
5．The public have shown great concern about the food safety, because it concerns the people's health. It is hoped that the authorities concerned can really do something about the issue concerning the public health. (concern)
6．The majority of us agreed to take the major road to go to Beijing.(major)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.as_a_result_of　　　由于；因為
2．cut_down 砍倒；減少；削減
3．have_a_bad_effect_on 對……有壞影響
4．take_in 吸收；欺騙；理解
5．be_caught_in 突然遭遇(風(fēng)暴
等)；被困住
6．one_after_another 一個接一個地
7．look_through 瀏覽；仔細(xì)檢查
8．in_a_nutshell 簡言之；概括地講
9．put_..._into_... 把……放進……
1.Even though the computer games had_a_bad_effect_on him, he still went his own way.
2．I will extremely appreciate it if my advice gets approved. In_a_nutshell,_what I want to tell you is that the Chinese are very easy to get on with.
3．Having adjusted themselves to Earth's gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one_after_another.
4．I have looked_through all my papers but I still can't find my notes.
5．It's said that non-smokers who take_in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves.
6．I was_caught_in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
7．Deserts are also created because people cut_down trees and dig up grass.
8．Millions of people are suffering from starvation as_a_result_of_ drought and poor harvests.


(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
沙塵常常彌漫以至于你連太陽都看不見，風(fēng)力有時強到可以移動沙丘。
so ... that ...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
我們做得如此好，以至于被邀請與我們學(xué)校的所有學(xué)生分享我們的想法和經(jīng)驗。
We did so_well_that we were invited to share our ideas and experience with all the students in our school.
2.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
暴風(fēng)有時持續(xù)一整天，車輛開得很慢，因為濃濃的塵埃降低了能見度。
“make it＋adj./n.＋to do ...”結(jié)構(gòu)，it作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語。
他們應(yīng)該講清楚使我們知道怎樣操作這臺機器。
They should make_it_clear_for_us_to_know how to operate the machine.
3.The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled.
然后垃圾會被運走，如果可能的話，予以回收利用。
if possible“如果可能的話”，是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的省略形式。
如果可能的話，我出差去上海時會探望我叔叔。
If_possible,_I will visit my uncle when I go to Shanghai on business.

二、課堂重點深化

1．strength n．力量；力氣；長處；優(yōu)勢；強度
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①Great determination and ambition are his great strengths (strength)．
②(2017·北京高考) One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen (strength) new memories.
③Every morning I'm working out to build up my strength.
④The patient was too weak to have the strength_to_stand (stand) up.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)strengths and weaknesses　　 優(yōu)勢和劣勢
build up one's strength 增強體質(zhì)
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力氣
with all one's strength 竭盡全力
(2)strengthen v. 加強；增強；鞏固
strong adj. 強壯的；堅強的
　[重點強化]
佳句時時寫
⑤(2015·廣東高考寫作)盡管DNA測試將有助于增強人們的健康意識，然而也很可能會導(dǎo)致過度焦慮。
While DNA test will help_strengthen_people's_health_consciousness,_it is more probable that it will lead to over-anxiety.
2．concerned adj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的；有關(guān)的
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①Nowadays people are more concerned about/for the environment where they live.
②As far as I'm concerned (concern), it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones.
③The theory of relativity is concerned with two seemingly opposite ideas.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)be concerned about/for　　　 關(guān)心；掛念
be concerned with/in ... 牽扯進/參與……
as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言
(2)concern n．& vt. 關(guān)心；擔(dān)心；與……相關(guān)
show/express one's concern about/for 對……表示關(guān)心/擔(dān)心
(3)concerning prep. 關(guān)于；就……而言
　[重點強化]
佳句時時寫
④(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)就我個人而言，你剪紙練習(xí)得越多，你就會越擅長它。
As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_the more you practise paper-cutting, the better at it you will become.
3．urgent adj.緊急的；迫切的
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①In case of urgency (urge), call the police.
②The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in urgent (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.
③(2016·江蘇高考) Parents should actively urge their children to_take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)in urgent need of　　　　 急需
(2)urge vt. 催促；極力主張；強烈要求
n． 沖動；強烈的欲望；迫切的要求
urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth. 力勸/敦促某人做某事
urge that sb.(should) do sth. 強烈要求/極力主張某人做某事
(3)urgency n. 緊急；緊急情況
urgently adv. 急需地；迫切地
　[重點強化]
佳句時時寫
④第三，我速度快，可以當(dāng)場處理各種緊急情況。
Third, I'm fast and can_deal_with_all_kinds_of_urgent_cases_on_the_spot.
4．complain v．抱怨；發(fā)牢騷；投訴
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①I am now writing to make a complaint about the service of your hotel.
②She often complains about/of not feeling appreciated at work.
③The police received several complaints (complain) about the noise from our party.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.(向某人)投訴/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)發(fā)牢騷
complain (to sb.) that ...　 　 (向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投訴；控告
make a complaint about sth. 抱怨/投訴某事
make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨/投訴
　[重點強化]
佳句時時寫
④一些高中學(xué)生抱怨他們沒有時間閱讀，因為他們有太多的家庭作業(yè)要做。
Some of the senior students complained_that_they_had_no_time_to_read_because they had too much homework to do.

1．take in吸收；收留；包括；理解；領(lǐng)會；欺騙
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中take in的含義
①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.收留
②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收
③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括
④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺騙
⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解_
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
take away　　　　 拿走；奪走
take down 寫下，記下；拆卸
take off 起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功
take on 接納；雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)
take up 拿起；接受；占據(jù)；開始從事；繼續(xù)
　[重點強化]
單句語法填空
⑥No other organisation was able or willing to take on the job.
⑦I know how busy you must be and naturally I won't want to take up too much of your time.
佳句時時寫
⑧你必須學(xué)著記下關(guān)鍵點，盡管你不能理解它們。
You have to learn to take_down_the_key_points even though you don't take_them_in.
2．cut down削減；刪減；減少；砍倒；降低；奪去……的生命
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中cut down的含義
①My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down.減少_
②This article is too long, and you have to cut it down to 1,000 words.刪減_
③Immediate action should be taken, like stopping cutting down to better the environment.砍倒_
④Hunger, cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.奪去……的生命_
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
cut in　　　　　　 插話；讓某人分享利潤
cut up 切碎；齊根切掉
cut out 刪除
cut through 開辟
cut off 切斷；中止；隔絕；剝奪繼承權(quán)
　[重點強化]
單句語法填空
⑤We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cellphone was out of power.
⑥It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking.
⑦Please do me a favor — cut_up the carrots and put them in the pot.
佳句時時寫
⑧只有當(dāng)我們減少交通事故，我們才能過上更幸福的生活。
Only when we cut_down_the_traffic_accidents can we live a happier life.
3．look through瀏覽；仔細(xì)檢查
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
look into　　　　　　　　 調(diào)查；了解
look up 仰視；查閱
look up to sb. 尊敬某人
look forward to 盼望(to為介詞)
look down upon/on 瞧不起
look back on/at 回顧
look ahead (to sth.) 展望未來；為將來設(shè)想
　[重點強化]
單句語法填空
①He happened to be looking through the medical book Gray's Anatomy at the time.
②In order to look_into the matter further，we searched some useful information at the accident site.
③The children are looking forward to receiving (receive) lucky money, playing happily with each other, and setting off fireworks excitedly.
易錯對對碰(look up/look up to)
④I always look_up_to those who never look down on others, even though they have achieved great achievements.
⑤Think after you read which words you need to look_up.
佳句時時寫
⑥當(dāng)新年到來時，該是我們回顧過去、展望未來的時候了。
It is time for us to look_back_on_the_past_and_look_ahead_to_the_future when the new year comes.
4．so ... that ...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句
　[教材原句]　They are often so_thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
　[自主體驗]
①Keeping a learning diary every day is so_important_that I would like to introduce it to you.每天堅持寫學(xué)習(xí)日記是如此重要，以至于我想把這種學(xué)習(xí)方法介紹給你們。
②He was so_responsible_a_teacher_that we were all deeply moved.
他是一位如此負(fù)責(zé)的老師，以至于我們都被深深地感動了。
③There were so_many_books_in_the_shop_that he didn't know which to buy.
書店里那么多書，以至于他不知道該買哪些。
④Dalian is such_an_attractive_place_that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
大連是一個如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客來觀光旅游。
⑤He has made such_great_progress_that the teachers are pleased with him.他進步很快，老師們對他感到很滿意。
　[歸納點撥]
用法規(guī)則
so/such ...that ...句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that ...
(2)so＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)＋that ...
(3)so＋many/few/much/little(少)＋n.＋that ...
(4)such＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)＋that ...
(5)such＋adj.＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞)＋that ...
注意事項
當(dāng)“so＋形容詞/副詞”及“such ...”放在句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。例如：
So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding the bicycle.
我非常興奮，迫不及待地想嘗試騎自行車。

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點句)(2018·浙江高考寫作)My father telephoned the police station, but it couldn't get through. It was so far away that there was no signal.
②(增分要點句)This passage tells us that Monty Roberts, who had such strong belief that he didn't give up his dream all the time, eventually succeeded in owning a horse ranch.


本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與自然”中的“人與環(huán)境”子話題相對應(yīng)
一、話題語素積累多一點
話題詞匯記一記
子話題(一)　天氣
溫故淺易詞匯
①freeze　②cool?、踓old
④frost ⑤icy ⑥snowy
⑦melt ⑧heat ⑨hot
⑩warm ?sunny ?dry
識記生疏詞匯
①windy adj.多風(fēng)的，有風(fēng)的?、赽reeze n．微風(fēng)
③thunderstorm n．暴風(fēng)雨 ④downpour n．傾盆大雨
⑤damp adj.潮濕的 ⑥mist n．薄霧
⑦smog n．煙霧 ⑧haze n．霧霾

子話題(二)　自然災(zāi)害的救援及災(zāi)后重建
溫故淺易詞匯
①provide　②supply　?、踦redict
④shelter ⑤rescue ⑥donate
識記生疏詞匯
①survival n．幸存　?、趕urvivor n．幸存者
③confirm vt.確認(rèn)；確定；證實 ④relief n．救濟品
⑤recover v．恢復(fù) ⑥r(nóng)ebuild v．重建
⑦participate v．參與；參加 ⑧estimate v．估計
常用詞塊憶一憶
①environmental protection　　　 環(huán)境保護
②stay put 留在原處不動
③be stuck in 困??；陷于
④search for 尋找；搜索
⑤let off waste water 排放廢水
⑥prevent/protect ... from 阻止/保護……
⑦keep the balance of ... 保持……的平衡
⑧attach great importance to 十分重視
⑨use up/run out of 用光，耗盡
⑩live a low-carbon life 過低碳生活
?play an important part in 在……中起重要作用
?throw away 丟棄
?arouse people's awareness of 提高人們的……意識
?fight against 與……作斗爭
?in danger of 處于……危險中

寫作佳句背一背
①Many people worry that our energy will run out quickly if we use it in an unchecked way.
②Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the rivers; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.
③Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.
二、“分步寫作”表達準(zhǔn)一點
話題應(yīng)用文分步寫作

(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)假定你是李華，你校攝影俱樂部(photography club)將舉辦國際中學(xué)生攝影展。請給你的英國朋友Peter寫封信，請他提供作品。信的內(nèi)容包括：
1．主題：環(huán)境保護；
2．展覽時間；
3．投稿郵箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com。
注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
第一步：句寫對——給詞寫句

be welcome to, environmental protection, participate, send ...to ..., start, surely, theme　　
1．我們學(xué)校攝影俱樂部將舉辦國際中學(xué)生攝影展。
Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold__an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show.
2．展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護。
The_theme_of_the_show__is_environmental_protection.
3．它將從6月15日開始。
It_will_start_from_June_15th.
4．歡迎任何對它感興趣的人來參加。
Anyone_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to__participate._
5．我記得你曾經(jīng)給我展示了一些關(guān)于這個主題的照片。
I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos__on_the_theme._
6．這確實是個好機會。
This_is_surely_a_good_chance.
7．你可以把照片發(fā)送到郵箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com。
You_can_send_your_photos_to__intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.
第二步：量寫夠——語句擴充
8．在第3句中加入并列成分“持續(xù)三個周”。
It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks.
9．用the last time引導(dǎo)的狀語從句“上次你參觀我們學(xué)校時”擴充第5句。
I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.
10．在第6句中加入定語“讓更多的人看到它們”，具體說明chance的內(nèi)容。
This_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them.
11．在第7句中加入條件狀語從句“如果你想加入”。
If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.
第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
1．用whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句合并第1句和第2句。
Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show,_whose_theme_is_environmental_protection.
2．用whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句改寫第4句。
Whoever_is_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to_participate.
第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
第一段中使用點題句型I am writing to tell you that ...引出展覽及主題；第二段中用therefore總結(jié)參加展覽的好處；第三段使用常用句型“希望早日收到你的來信”結(jié)束全文。
Dear_Peter，
I_am_writing_to_tell_you_that_our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show,_whose_theme_is_environmental_protection._
It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks._Whoever_is_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to_participate._I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school._Therefore,_this_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them._If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.
Hope_to_hear_from_you_soon.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．Universities call all the students to learn to recycle (重新利用) all the waste paper.
2．The weatherman has forecast (預(yù)報) that it will stay hot for another 5 days.
3．Economic development is both consistent with and contradictory to environment (環(huán)境)．
4．Cycling is an absolutely (絕對地) energy-saving means of transportation.
5．By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process (進程)．
6．In life and work, many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere (氣氛) or soften statements.
7．There is convincing evidence (根據(jù)) that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.
8．He did nothing but complain (抱怨) to me about the food and the service of the restaurant.
Ⅱ.語境語法填空
1．It's generally agreed that trees do a lot of good to the environment. They take ?in carbon dioxide and give ?out oxygen.However, if we keep on ?cutting (cut) down trees, disasters like sandstorms are likely to come one after ?another.
2．Nowadays the number of electric cars is rising rapidly, which has a bad effect ?on/upon the road safety. Often we ?are_caught (catch) in the traffic jam ?as a result of electric car drivers not obeying traffic rules. And if we look ?through newspapers, we can often see accidents caused by electric cars.
3．Now more and more people have realised that air pollution affected their health and complained ?of/about it. However, it is no use complaining. As far as I'm ?concerned (concern), it is urgent to ?strengthen (strength) people's awareness of the environmental protection.
Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1．作為一名學(xué)生，你應(yīng)該把心思放到學(xué)習(xí)上。(put ... into ... )
As a student, you should put_your_heart_into_study.
2．朋友們力勸我申請那份工作。(urge)
My friends urged_that_I__(should)_apply_for_the_job.
3．互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使得人們可以更容易地獲取他們所需要的信息。(make it＋adj.＋to do)
The Internet makes_it_easier_for_people_to_get the information they want.
4．如果可能的話，嘗試每天都在同一時間睡覺和起床。(if省略句)
If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
5．He spoke so loudly that every people in the next room could hear him.
→So loudly_did_he_speak_that every people in the next room could hear him.
Ⅳ. 短文填空
(Ⅰ)根據(jù)提示填空
?Due_to (由于) climate changes, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area ?is_decreasing (decrease). This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.
Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets ?floating (float) on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced ?to_spend(spend) more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales ?caught(catch) by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they ?normally (normal) catch on ice sheets. The shrinking (減少) ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of ?drowned (drown) polar bears have been observed.Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day ?disappear (appear)．
(Ⅱ)片段選詞填空
a better chance of， because of， die out， surprising， during the next 50 years， find out， frightening， in great danger of
A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world. They wanted to ?find_out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. The scientists were surprised by what they found. They saw that ?during_the_next_50_years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the earth. More than 1 million plants and animal species will ?die_out by 2050.
The head of the research team, Christ Thomas, who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University, said the results of their research were ?frightening. More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the earth. It is too late to save many plants and animals ?because_of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere. But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now, we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing.
The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and South Africa. Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had ?a_better_chance_of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler. In flat areas, such as deserts, plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler, so they are ?in_great_danger_of dying out. The scientists found many ?surprising things. For example, they found that half of the 24 species of butterfly they studied in Australia would soon disappear.


一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點——增強備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_strengthen (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
2．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased pollution (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
3．(2018·江蘇高考)As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others' judgement on the product or service concerned (concern)．
4．(2018·6月浙江高考) Meanwhile, my horse got frightened (frighten), jumped up, and ran around wildly.
5．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Besides, I advise you to go to the library to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better take in the poems to be learned.
6．(2016·北京高考)Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.
7．(2016·江蘇高考)In a nutshell, internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral, and cannot be trusted.
8．(2016·天津高考)The majority (major) of them take an online language test before starting their programme.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用complain, cut down, take in填空)
1．(2016·10月浙江高考完形填空)Then I asked him if he had __48__ the amount of feed he had given the chickens.cut_down
2．(2015·浙江高考完形填空)The thing is, a number of them have admitted that despite their success, they aren't happy.Some __27__ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they hate.complain
3．(2013·江蘇高考完形填空)Four years later, I moved back into town.I saw many people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to __53__ a handful of people.take_in
二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：社會發(fā)展需要優(yōu)質(zhì)的環(huán)境，但同時社會發(fā)展也難以避免地會給環(huán)境造成一定的破壞。如何在推動社會發(fā)展的同時更加有效地保護環(huán)境是一個全球問題。隨著人們環(huán)保意識的提高，“綠水青山就是金山銀山”的觀念正日益深入人心，有關(guān)環(huán)保和可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的文章正出現(xiàn)在高考的各種題型中。
[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
( 加藍詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時請揣摩其用法)
[1]A sandstorm refers to a high amount of wind occurring in sandy areas, usually in deserts, where the wind speed is able to lift the top layer of sand from the ground, and push it in every direction. The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m－15.24m.
[2]It is very dangerous to experience a sandstorm. Sand can get into the nose, eyes, mouth and lungs. If you happen to be caught in a sandstorm, you must protect yourself by wearing masks, scarves and so on.
[3]If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road, since it's difficult to continue driving. This is also important since vehicles can fail in during sandstorms and you could end up stuck on the road.
[4]Most sandstorms occur in spring, and during the daytime. Many of the areas around the Persian Gulf and the Sahara Desert are associated with the most serious storms. Since it's a natural phenomenon, it can't be entirely controlled. In areas that are natural desert regions, you can't always prevent a sandstorm. There's much evidence that the planet Mars has dust storms, and clearly, no human intervention (介入) is responsible for such. Though it can move whole sand dunes and destroy crops, a sandstorm is not without benefit.
語篇解讀：本文介紹了沙塵暴常發(fā)生的時間、地點和基本狀況以及如何在沙塵暴中自我保護的一些建議。
1．If you're driving in a sandstorm, you'd better ________.
A．stop your car in the middle of the road
B．continue to make your way
C．stop and ask for help
D．stop your car on the side of the road
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road ...”可知，如果你開車時遇到沙塵暴，你最好把車停在路邊，pull off the road“把車停在路邊”。故選D。
2．The underlined sentence shows that, anyway, sandstorms are ________.
A．useful　　　　　　　 B．useless
C．harmful D．powerful
解析：選A　推理判斷題。畫線句表明，雖然沙塵暴能移動沙丘并毀壞農(nóng)作物，但它并不是毫無益處的。“a sandstorm is not without benefit”表示“不無裨益”，是雙重否定表示肯定意義。故選A。
3．According to the writer, a sandstorm ________.
A．is the result of human activities
B．can be prevented
C．can't completely disappear on the earth
D．can't be forecast
解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為沙塵暴是一種自然現(xiàn)象，不能完全被控制，也就不會完全消失，并且它也不是人為的后果。故選C。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
推理判斷技法(2)——利用正向思維推斷
所謂正向思維，就是人們在創(chuàng)造性思維活動中，沿襲某些常規(guī)去分析問題，按事物發(fā)展的進程進行思考、推測，是一種從已知到未知的揭示事物本質(zhì)的思維方法。做題時，我們可以根據(jù)文章的關(guān)鍵信息(事實)，沿著作者原來的思路從正面去分析問題，從而得出新的結(jié)論。如上文第3題，抓住本文關(guān)鍵信息“Since it's a natural phenomenon, it can't be entirely controlled.”，利用正向思維去分析、判斷，我們可以得出結(jié)論：沙塵暴是一種自然現(xiàn)象，不能完全被控制，也就不會完全消失。因此此題的正確答案為C項。

A
Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year came from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification (荒漠化) control said on Monday. And the invasions (入侵) could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite its achievements in desertification control.
Since the start of last spring, the north and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms, of which, a dozen came from foreign land.
Situated in the central-Asia sandstorm region, one of the world's four largest sandstorm sources, China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia. The other three major sources are in Africa, North America and Australia.
The land suffering from desertification has been decreasing by 7,585 square kilometres annually in China, and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year.
The shrinkage (收縮) forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added by 10,400 square kilometres and 3,436 square kilometres late last century, respectively.
Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million square kilometres, accounting for 27.46 percent of the nation's land, and its sandy land totals 1.74 million square kilometres, accounting for 18.1 percent of the country's total.
語篇解讀：近年來中國遭受嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)沙襲擊，而中國也被認(rèn)為是風(fēng)沙的來源之一，經(jīng)過一番努力中國在治沙方面取得了顯著的成效。
1．What does the underlined word “decreasing” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Going down.　　　　　 B．Going up.
C．Coming from. D．Taking up.
解析：選A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段最后的“has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year”可知，該詞的意思是“減少”，故選A項。
2．Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from?
A．The northwestern Chinese regions.
B．The northern Chinese regions.
C．The western part of China.
D．Foreign countries.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，去年襲擊中國的沙塵暴大部分來自外國，故選D項。
3．Which of the following is believed to be the sand source to northeast Asia?
A．Mongolia. B．Africa.
C．China. D．Australia.
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“China also suffers from sandstorms ... sand source to northeast Asia”可知中國被認(rèn)為是東北亞風(fēng)沙的來源地，故選C項。
4．What can we infer from this passage?
A．The land in China suffering from desertification has been increasing greatly.
B．China has made achievements in its own desertification control.
C．The desertification land makes up nearly half of China's territory.
D．Little progress has been made in controlling desertification in China.
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段提到“The land suffering from ... falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year.”遭受風(fēng)沙襲擊的土地每年減少7 585平方千米，沙地的區(qū)域每年減少1 284平方千米，可推知控制沙漠化取得了成效，故選B項。
B
In the state of Maryland, a girl was born into slavery in 1820. Her parents named her Araminta Harriet Ross. She was to become Harriet Tubman. She was one of about one million Africans in slavery in the United States.
From the age of five, Harriet Tubman's owners made her work very hard. First, she cared for the child of the farm owner. Then, she did hard work on large farms.
Although she could not read or write, Tubman learned from her parents to do what was right. Through her whole life, Tubman put herself in danger to help other people.
One such act changed her life when she was 13 years old. Because she helped another slave, her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt. For the rest of her life, Tubman's head wound caused problems for her.
When she was about 25 years old, Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman. But she was still a slave. Her life was so difficult that she decided to escape. She travelled for 145 kilometres, and finally crossed into the North. Tubman became a free woman.
But Tubman could not leave her family enslaved in the South. So she travelled back to help them escape as well. Then, she made many trips and guided about 300 slaves to freedom. Tubman also fought bravely in the American Civil War and in 1865 slavery was not allowed in the US.
Harriet Tubman died in 1913.Her memory brings hope to many people — especially to those who fight for justice. She encouraged people to never give up.
“If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了美國杰出的黑人廢奴主義運動家哈莉特·塔布曼的事跡。
5．What do we know about Harriet Tubman?
A．She was born a slave.
B．She was born in Africa.
C．She was taken to the US by a slave trader.
D．She was sold to a farm owner when she was born.
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a girl was born into slavery”可知，哈莉特·塔布曼出生于奴隸家庭，也就意味著她一出生就是奴隸。
6．When she was 13 years old, Tubman ________.
A．planned to run away
B．helped a slave escape
C．fought bravely against her owner
D．was seriously wounded in her head
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“when she was 13 years old”和“her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt”可知，塔布曼在13歲的時候，頭部受到重創(chuàng)。
7．We can infer from the text that Tubman was ________.
A．honest and friendly B．strong and helpful
C．lucky and careful D．clever and polite
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中對塔布曼事跡的描述可知，作為奴隸的她受到非人的折磨，但她卻憑借自己頑強的意志成功擺脫奴隸的身份，并且多次幫助其他奴隸獲得了自由。由此可知，B項正確。
8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Africans' Fight for Freedom
B．Harriet Tubman: From Slave to Hero
C．The History of Slavery in the United States
D．The American Civil War: The North Against the South
解析：選B　標(biāo)題歸納題。哈莉特·塔布曼出身奴隸，但她渴望自由，最終逃到美國北方，獲得新生。不僅如此，她還幫助無數(shù)黑奴奔向自由，成為一名英雄。故B項為最佳標(biāo)題。


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