Book 8

Unit 22　Environmental Protection


1.In my opinion, we all should protect environment, whether young or old.
在我看來， 無論年齡大小，我們都應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。
2.We're trying to raise awareness of the environment in general and air pollution in particular.
我們正努力從總體上增強(qiáng)環(huán)境意識(shí)，特別是提高對空氣污染的意識(shí)。
3.On account of the development of the economy, the environment is seriously polluted and we must cut down the emission of the carbon dioxide.
由于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，環(huán)境受到了嚴(yán)重的污染，因此我們必須減少二氧化碳的排放量。
4.Water resources have been so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink.
水資源已經(jīng)被污染得如此嚴(yán)重以致一些水不適宜飲用。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)endanger (vt.) 危害→danger (n.) 危險(xiǎn) →dangerous (adj.) 危險(xiǎn)的
(2)trap (vt.) 使困住
(3)claim (vt.) 聲稱；要求
(4)reserve (n.) 保護(hù)區(qū) (v.) 保留，預(yù)訂→reservation (n.) 保留；預(yù)訂；保留意見
(5)beyond (prep.) 超出
(6)relevant (adj.) 有關(guān)的→relevance (n.) 相關(guān)性
(7)coincidence (n.) 巧合→coincident (adj.) 同時(shí)發(fā)生的
(8)condemn (vt.) 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地
(9)sacrifice (vt.& n．) 犧牲，獻(xiàn)出
(10)advocate (vt.) 主張，提倡→advocacy (n.) 擁護(hù)，支持
(11)substitute (n.) 代替品，代用品
(12)threaten (vt.) 威脅→threat (n.) 威脅，恐嚇→threatening (adj.) 恐嚇的，威脅的
(13)seize (vt.) 依法沒收；(用武力)奪取
(14)separation (n.) 分離，分開→separate (adj.) 分開的，單獨(dú)的 (v.) 使分離；隔開
(15)means (n.) 方法
(16)construct (vt.) 建造→construction (n.) 建造；建設(shè)→constructive (adj.) 建設(shè)性的，積極的
(17)potential (adj.) 潛在的；可能的 (n.) 潛在性；可能性→potentially (adv.) 潛在地；可能地→potentiality (n.) 潛力，可能性
(18)adopt (vt.) 收養(yǎng)，采用→adoption (n.) 收養(yǎng)，采用
(19)finance (n.) 資金→financial (adj.) 經(jīng)濟(jì)的→fine (vt.) 罰款 (n.) 罰金
(20)allocate (vt.) 分配，配給→allocation (n.) 分配，配給
(21)fragile (adj.) 易損壞的
(22)sharpen (vt.) 削尖→sharpener (n.) 卷筆刀→sharp (adj.) 鋒利的
(23)valid (adj.) 有充分理由的；有效的；合法的
(24)agriculture (n.) 農(nóng)業(yè)
(25)calculate (vt.& vi.) 計(jì)算，算出→calculation (n.) 計(jì)算，算出→calculator (n.) 計(jì)算器
Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)consultant (n.) 顧問→consult (vt.) 咨詢
(2)principle (n.) 原則，道德準(zhǔn)則
(3)boycott (vt.) (聯(lián)合)抵制；拒絕參加
(4)conservation (n.) 保護(hù)→conserve (vt.) 保護(hù)
(5)consensus (n.) 共同意見；一致看法
(6)recycle (vt.) 回收利用
(7)extinct (adj.) 滅絕的，絕種的
(8)fashionable (adj.) 流行的，時(shí)髦的→fashion (n.) 時(shí)尚
(9)enforce (vt.) 執(zhí)行，實(shí)施→force (vt.) 強(qiáng)迫
(10)grand (adj.) 巨大的；宏偉的
(11)changeable (adj.) 易變的→change (vt.) 改變→exchange (vt.) 交換
(12)slip (vi.) 滑落
(13)mountainous (adj.) 多山的→mountain (n.) 高山，山岳
(14)flee (vt.& vi.) 逃離；逃走
(15)negative (adj.) 消極的，負(fù)面的
　[單句語法填空]
1.—Was the proposal passed at yesterday's meeting？
—Yes, but some members of the committee expressed ________ (reserve).
答案：reservations
2.The product ________ (claim) that it can make you thin without dieting.
答案：claims
3.There's an error in your ________ (calculate).
答案：calculation
4.Most of us think of games as child's play, but games ________ (sharp) children's thinking and develop skills like problem solving and communication.
答案：sharpen
5.What she is addicted to makes her feel better temporarily and reduces the pain of ________ (separate).
答案：separation
6.The climate is ________ (change) in this area. You should prepare more clothes in case of the sudden change of weather.
答案：changeable
7.In yesterday's business training course the ________ (consult) instructed us that a good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed.
答案：consultant
8.After studying in an ________ (agriculture) college for four years, Jack took up his job as an advisor in the countryside.
答案：agricultural
9.We have already succeeded in saving many ________ (danger) animals.
答案：endangered
10.The biggest problem for most plants, which can't just get up and run away when ________ (threat) is that animals like to eat them.
答案：threatened
聯(lián)想積累
1.后綴-ant的形容詞家族展
①relevant 有關(guān)的
②ignorant 無知的
③abundant 豐富的
④reliant 依賴的
⑤pregnant 懷孕的
⑥distant 遙遠(yuǎn)的
⑦dominant 支配的，統(tǒng)治的
⑧brilliant 閃耀的，杰出的
⑨significant 重大的，有意義的
⑩elegant 優(yōu)雅的
2.不同的“災(zāi)難”表達(dá)
①earthquake 地震
②tsunami 海嘯
③avalanche 雪崩
④mudslide 泥石流
⑤landslide 山體滑坡
⑥flood 洪水
⑦blizzard 暴風(fēng)雪
⑧hurricane 颶風(fēng)
⑨t(yī)ornado 龍卷風(fēng)
⑩typhoon 臺(tái)風(fēng)
?drought 干旱
?famine 饑荒
3.前綴sub-構(gòu)成的詞匯
①subway 地鐵
②substitute n. 代替品，代用品　v. 替代
③submarine 潛水艇
④subconscious 潛意識(shí)(的)
⑤subsonic 亞音速的
⑥subtitle 小標(biāo)題，副標(biāo)題
⑦submerge 沉沒，淹沒
⑧subtropical 亞熱帶的
⑨submissive 順從的，服從的
⑩subcontinent次大陸

1.beyond one's control　　超出/不受……的控制
2.look ahead 展望未來
3.refer to 指，意即；參考
4.in turn 依次；相應(yīng)
5.in huge quantities 大量
6.take action 采取行動(dòng)
7.ahead of 在……前面
8.apart from 除……之外
9.answer for (對已產(chǎn)生的不良后果)負(fù)責(zé)任
10.call for an end to ... 要求結(jié)束……
11.wrap_up 結(jié)束(工作、會(huì)議等)
12.on_sb.'s_behalf 代表某人
13.carry_off 掠去，奪走
14.as_a_result_of 作為……的結(jié)果
15.earn_one's_living 謀生
16.sum_up 總結(jié)，概括
17.as_a_matter_of_fact 事實(shí)上
18.lead_to 導(dǎo)致
　[單句寫作]
1.The seed was sprayed over the ground ____________________ (大量地) by aeroplane.
答案：in huge quantities
2.______________ (展望未來), I think the company needs to develop some new services.
答案：Looking ahead
3.He was a victim of circumstances, and what happened to him was ________________________ (在他的控制能力之外).
答案：beyond his control
4.Whenever I encounter a word I don't know, I ____________ (查閱) a dictionary.
答案：refer to
5.Many developed countries have agreed to help the less developed ones but it remains to be seen whether they will ____________ (采取行動(dòng)) or not.
答案：take action
6.I made sure of having all of my work done ____________ (在……前面) my vacation.
答案：ahead of
7.Mike often drives carelessly. Tell him he shall ____________ (負(fù)責(zé)任) it if he goes on behaving like that.
答案：answer for
8.You are old enough to ____________________________ (謀生).
答案：earn your own living
9.Thirty flights have been delayed ____________________ (作為……的結(jié)果) the snow.
答案：as a result of
10.A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ________ (反過來) will promote its economic development.
答案：in turn
聯(lián)想積累
carry 的短語小結(jié)
①carry off 獲得(獎(jiǎng)品等)；成功對付
②carry out 實(shí)行；履行
③carry on (with/doing sth.) 繼續(xù)做
④carry away 運(yùn)走；使……失去自制力
⑤carry through 完成；渡過難關(guān)
⑥carry back 回憶

課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓(xùn)練
1.Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.
如果沒有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽光將會(huì)被反射回太空去，地球?qū)⑻幱诤渲?，不適合生命的存在。(P6)
leave sb./sth.
后面加形容詞、副詞、分詞等，意為“讓某人/某物處于……狀態(tài)”
On hearing the news, the girl rushed out without hesitation, ________________________ on the floor.
一聽見這個(gè)消息，那個(gè)女孩毫不猶豫地沖出去了，把行李留在地板上。
2.Most disaster experts believe there is the potential that things could get a lot worse.
大多數(shù)研究災(zāi)難的專家認(rèn)為情況可能會(huì)變得更加糟糕。(P11)
There is the potential that
...“可能……”
Without these existing measures, ________________________ the decline may have been significantly greater.
沒有現(xiàn)存的這些措施，衰退有可能會(huì)更大。

答案：1.leaving the luggage lying　2.there is the potential that
直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)

①　trap n. 陷阱，捕捉器；〈喻〉圈套，(對付人的)計(jì)謀，策略　vt. 誘捕；誘騙；使落入圈套，使陷入困境(P5)

(1)單句語法填空
①Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people ________ (trap) in high-rise buildings.
②They trapped her into ________ (tell) where the gift was hidden.
③She ________ (trap) in the burning house at that moment.
答案：①trapped?、趖elling?、踳as trapped
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
He set trap for her and she walked straight into it.
______________________________________________________________
答案：trap前加a

(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 誘騙某人(做)某事
be/get trapped in 被困在……中
(2)fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉進(jìn)……的陷阱
set/lay a trap for 為……設(shè)圈套/陷阱
②　reserve n. (動(dòng)植物的)保護(hù)區(qū)　(pl.) 儲(chǔ)藏；儲(chǔ)備
vt. 保留(儲(chǔ)備)某物，具有或者保持(某種權(quán)利)；預(yù)訂(座位，住處)；預(yù)約(P5)

(1)單句語法填空
①We were told that our rooms ________ (not reserve) for that week.
②I'd like to have a window seat ________ (reserve) so that I can enjoy a better view.
③I have serious reservations ________ his ability to do the job.
答案：①hadn't been reserved?、趓eserved?、踑bout
(2)單句寫作
The ministry said it ____________________ (保有……的權(quán)利) take whatever action necessary.
答案：reserved the right to

(1)reserve sth. for sb./sth. 為某人/某物保留、預(yù)訂某物
reserve (one's) judgement (on sb./sth.) (對某人/事物保留意見/暫不表態(tài))
reserve the right to do sth. 保留做……的權(quán)利
(2)in reserve 貯存；備用
(3)reservation n. 保留；預(yù)訂(房間、座位等)
make a reservation 預(yù)訂(房間、座位等)
without reservation 毫無保留地
have reservations about 對……持保留意見
③　beyond prep. 超越；超出；在(或向)……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊　adv. 在另一邊；在(向)更遠(yuǎn)處(P6)

(1)單句語法填空
①Good advice is ________ all price.
②It's beyond me ________ she wants to marry Tom.
答案：①beyond　②why
(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換
I think that the situation was out of his control then.
＝I think that the situation was __________________ then.
答案：beyond his control
(3)單句寫作
①—I'm sorry that I didn't work out this problem.
—It's____________________ (在我們能力之外). I didn't figure it out, either.
②In spring, the scene on the top of the hill is so appealing that it is ____________________ (無法用言語表達(dá)).
答案：①beyond our ability?、赽eyond words

(1)be beyond sb. 對于某人來說難以想象、理解
(2)beyond one's control 超出某人的控制；不受某人的控制
beyond one's reach 夠不著，超出……范圍
beyond one's power/ability 超出某人的能力
beyond words/description 無法形容；難以言表
beyond question/doubt 毫無疑問
beyond belief 難以置信
It's beyond me why/what ... 我無法理解為什么/什么……
④　relevant adj. 相關(guān)的，切題的；中肯的，有意義的(P6)

單句語法填空
①He failed to supply the facts relevant ________ the case in question.
②These comments are not directly________ (relevance) to the inquiry about safety standards.
③Each of these are expenses ________ (relate) to your job.
答案：①to?、趓elevant　③related

be relevant to 和……有關(guān)
relevance n. 相關(guān)性，關(guān)聯(lián)
have relevance to 與……有關(guān)

表示“與……相關(guān)”的短語：
be involved in ...
be associated with ...
be concerned with ...
be related to ...
⑤　advocate vt. 擁護(hù)；支持；提倡　n. 提倡者；擁護(hù)者(P6)

(1)單句語法填空
①The author writes the passage mainly to advocate ________ (teach) literature to touch the heart.
②He has been a strong advocate ________ peace and justice.
③The report advocated that all buildings ________ (fit) with smoke detectors.
答案：①teaching?、趏f/for　③(should) be fitted
(2)單句寫作
He advocated that the children ________________ part in sports games.
他主張兒童應(yīng)該參加體育活動(dòng)。
答案：(should) take

(1)advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/擁護(hù)/支持(做)某事
advocate that ... (should) do sth. 主張……(從句用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略)
(2)be an advocate for/of sth./sb. ……提倡者/擁護(hù)者
⑥　substitute n. 代替者；代用品　v. (用……)替代/取代……(P6)

(1)單句語法填空
①Bill substituted ________ Larry, who was off sick.
②The Internet is so much a part of our culture that it affects our lives by acting as ________ substitute for face-to-face contacts.
③You'd better ________ (substitute) the washing machine repaired five times for a new one.
答案：①for?、赼?、踫ubstitute
(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換
We substitute the red balls for the blue ones to see if the baby would notice.
＝We ________ the blue balls ________ the red ones to see if the baby would notice.
＝We ________ the blue balls ________ the red ones to see if the baby would notice.
＝We ________ the red balls ________ the blue ones to see if the baby would notice.
答案：substitute; with/by; replace; with/by; exchange; for

(1)a substitute for ... ……的替代者
a milk/meat substitute 代乳/肉制品
be no substitute for 沒有……那樣好；不能替代
(2)substitute A with/by B＝substitute B for A用B代替/取代A
replace A with/by B用B代替A
exchange B for A用B兌換A
substitute for sb./sth. 代替/取代某人/某物
⑦　means n. [C] 手段，方法(單復(fù)同形)(P10)

(1)單句語法填空
①Homework should not be used as a ________ (mean) of controlling children.
②—Do you mind if I have a look？
—________ all means.
答案：①means?、贐y
(2)單句寫作
We express our thoughts and feelings ______________ (用，憑借) words.
答案：by means of
(3)句型轉(zhuǎn)換
Furthermore, punishment is ______________ (絕不) a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
＝Furthermore, ______________ (絕不) punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
答案：by no means; by no means is

means of ... ……的方法
means of production/transport/communication 生產(chǎn)工具/運(yùn)輸工具/通信手段
by means of 用，依靠；通過
by all means 一定；務(wù)必；當(dāng)然可以(口語)
by any means 無論如何
by no means/not by any means 決不；無論如何都不

(1)means “方法、方式、手段”，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形，當(dāng)means作主語且有every, each等表示單數(shù)意義的詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)有some, several, many等表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
(2)by no means 放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。
⑧　adopt vt. 收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用，采納；批準(zhǔn)，正式通過(P12)

(1)寫出下列句中adopt的含義
①After much consideration, we all decided to adopt my deskmate's suggestion.________
②The childless old lady offered to adopt one of the girls.________
③The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting.________
答案：①采納　②收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)　③正式通過
(2)單句語法填空
①If he ________ (adopt) a positive attitude, he'll soon adapt to the new school.
②Tom's mother had him ________ (adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself.
③The group is working to promote the ________ (adopt) of broadband wireless access over long distance.
④To our surprise, Danny is their ________ (adopt) son.
答案：①adopts?、赼dopted?、踑doption?、躠dopted
(3)單句寫作
The best way to set up a correct outlook on life is to be aware of one's ability, accept one's reality and ____________________ (采取積極的態(tài)度) towards life.
答案：adopt a positive attitude

(1)adopt one's suggestions 采納某人的建議
(2)adoption n. 采用；收養(yǎng)
adopted adj. 收養(yǎng)的；采用的
adoptable adj. 可采用的；可收養(yǎng)的

adopt與adapt是容易混淆的形似詞，adapt意為“適應(yīng)”。

①　look ahead 展望未來；向前看(P6)

(1)單句語法填空
The police are looking ________ the cause of the accident.
答案：into
(2)單句寫作
①We must ________________ (向前看) before we make a decision.
②He is a good teacher. We always ________________ (尊敬) him.
③She________________ (瀏覽) her notes before the exam.
答案：①look ahead　②look up to?、踠ooked through

look into 調(diào)查，審查
look through 瀏覽
look forward to 盼望；期待
look up to sb. 尊敬某人
look down upon ... 輕視；瞧不起……
②　refer to 指，意即；提到；參考，查閱(P6)

(1)寫出下列句中refer to的含義
①If you don't know the meaning of it, refer to your dictionary. ________
②In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. ________
③Please refer to the device documentation for instructions. ________
④It can also refer to a conflict or a disagreement, often involving violence. ________
答案：①查閱　②提到　③參考?、苤?br /> (2)單句語法填空
①He heard them refer to her ________ “big sister”.
②You may refer the matter ________ him if necessary.
③The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as ________ (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
答案：①as?、趖o?、踨eference

(1)refer to ... as ... 把……稱作……
refer ... to ... 把……提交給……
(2)reference n. 參考；查閱
a reference book 參考書
in/with reference to 關(guān)于
make (a) reference to 參考；提到
for reference 以備查閱
③　in turn 依次，輪流；相應(yīng)地(P6)

(1)單句語法填空
①The students clean up the classroom everyday ________ turn.
②We took ________ (turn) to drive when we went to Guangzhou the other day.
③It's our ________ (turn) to do more for you.
答案：①in?、趖urns　③turn
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
If I do this thing for you, what do I get in turn？
______________________________________________________________
答案：turn→return

by turns 輪流，交替
in return 作為回報(bào)
take one's turn 依次，輪到某人
take turns to do/(in) doing sth. 輪流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事
④　lead to 導(dǎo)致(P6)

(1)單句語法填空
①This problem may lead ________ more serious ones if left unsolved.
②Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not handled properly, may lead to ________ (spread) diseases.
③In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them ________ (practice) speaking English in an interesting way.
答案：①to　②spreading　③to practice
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
He had led everyone to believing that his family was very wealthy.
______________________________________________________________
答案：believing→believe

lead to sp. 通往某地
lead to one's/one doing sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事
lead sb. to sth. 使得出(觀點(diǎn))；引導(dǎo)某人……
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead the way 帶路
in the lead 領(lǐng)先
take the lead 帶頭；領(lǐng)先

(1)lead to中的to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。
(2)表示“導(dǎo)致，造成”的短語還有：result in, contribute to, bring about等。

①　[教材原句]Scientists found that the temperature of the Earth is controlled by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which trap heat from the sun in the Earth's atmosphere.
科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)地球的氣溫受溫室氣體如二氧化碳的控制，這些氣體能將來自太陽的熱量留在地球的大氣層里。(P6)

(1)單句語法填空
①(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
②(2018·天津高考)My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
③(2018·江蘇高考)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ (carry) out in the past two years.
答案：①had been trapped　②is being repaired?、踙ad been carried
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
①Our teacher told us the earth went around the sun.
______________________________________________________________
②The question to being discussed tomorrow involves pollution.
______________________________________________________________
③Having well tended for half a year, the patient became far better.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①went→goes　②being→be?、踳ell前加been

(1)當(dāng)從句表示客觀真理或事實(shí)及自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
(2)

②　[教材原句]Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.
如果沒有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽光將會(huì)被反射回太空去，地球?qū)⑻幱诤渲?，不適合生命的存在。(P6)

(1)單句語法填空
①Without air there ________ (be) no living things.
②But for your help, we couldn't ________ (succeed).
③I'm really busy, otherwise, I would certainly ________ (go) with you.
答案：①would be　②have succeeded?、踘o
(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換
If he hadn't helped me, I couldn't have finished the task ahead of time.
＝________ his help, I couldn't have finished the task ahead of time.
答案：Without

句中“without these naturally occurring gases”是介詞短語作狀語，表示假設(shè)，可替換為條件狀語從句“If there were no naturally occurring gases”，因而稱為含蓄虛擬條件句。除without外，介詞短語but for, but that 等以及連詞otherwise, or等也常用于表示含蓄虛擬條件。
③　[教材原句]Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.
考慮到這一數(shù)據(jù)，人類活動(dòng)與正在上升的全球溫度之間的關(guān)聯(lián)似乎不僅僅是一個(gè)巧合。(P6)

(1)單句語法填空
①________ (give) the number of people we invited, I'm surprised that so few came.
②________ (consider) that she is interested in children, I'm sure teaching is a right career for her.
③________ (see) that you are already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside.
答案：①Given?、贑onsidering?、跾eeing
(2)單句寫作
I have to be careful with money, ____________________________________.
考慮到我賺的不多，我用錢必須得仔細(xì)。
答案：given that I don't earn much

句中的given為介詞，意為“考慮到，鑒于”，表示原因；另外given that可視為連詞，后接從句，意為“考慮到；假定”。
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，用法相似的表達(dá)還有：
considering (that) 考慮到
seeing (that) ... 鑒于，既然
provided/providing (that) ... 如果，假定
suppose/supposing (that) ... 假定，如果
assuming (that) 假設(shè)，如果
課文回練 升華運(yùn)用
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
It is reported __1__ Earth's climate is being changed and human beings will face global warming. Global warming refers __2__ an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, __3__ turn, leads to climate change. The global average temperature has increased __4__ 1  over the last 100 years because of human activities. If the situation continues, we are condemning life on Earth and should face __5__ (terror) climate changes, serious diseases and bad effects on some __6__ (industry) as well as the __7__ (rise) sea levels. So how can we stop these disasters from happening? Governments all over the world have a __8__ (responsible) to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide __9__ (produce) by their countries. Everyone can play his role by making small changes in his __10__ (day) life.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
答案：1.that　2.to　3.in　4.by　5.terrible　6.industries　7.rising　8.responsibility　9.produced　10.daily
基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.The photo now proves, ________ doubt, that my client is innocent.
答案：beyond　beyond doubt “毫無疑問，毋庸置疑”。句意：這張照片毫無疑問證明了我的客戶是無辜的。
2.We have only twenty minutes left, so please get to the point and don't say anything that isn't ________ (relevance) to our problem.
答案：relevant　be relevant to “與……相關(guān)”。句意：我們只剩下20分鐘了，所以請說重點(diǎn)，不要說與問題不相關(guān)的話了。
3.Every possible means ________ (try).
答案：has been tried　means是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，作主語時(shí)前有every, each, one等修飾語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。句意：一切方法都試過了。
4.Firefighters tried every means to save residents ________ (trap) in the burning building.
答案：trapped　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作后置定語，修飾residents, residents與trap之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞trapped。
5.It is necessary for us to think of others and be ________ (consider) towards them.
答案：considerate　此處為形容詞作表語。 be considerate towards sb. “對某人體貼入微”。
6.Many experts advocate ________ (reward) your child for good behaviour.
答案：rewarding　advocate doing sth. “提倡做某事”。
7.I have tried hard to improve my English. But by ________ means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.
答案：no　短語by no means “決不，一點(diǎn)也不”，放在句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝。
8.________ (give) that he supports us, we will win the election.
答案：Given　given that＋從句，意為“如果，假定”。
9.The old computer doesn't work. We must substitute a new one ________ it.
答案：for　substitute A for B “用A替代B”。
10.He complained that Beijing ________ hot in summer.
答案：is　間接引語中轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1.The scenery in my hometown is beautiful ____________________ (無法形容).
答案：beyond description
2.His illness led to his ________________________ (不能) attend school.
答案：not being able to
3.The little child's wish is ________________ to Disneyland.
這個(gè)小孩子的愿望是被領(lǐng)著去迪斯尼樂園。
答案：to be taken
4.His parents died in the car accident when the boy was five years old, ________________________ (剩下他成了孤兒).
答案：leaving him an orphan
5.______________________________________________________________
要不是你的幫助，我不能這么快完成工作。(but for)
答案：I couldn't have finished the work so soon but for your help.
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2019·西藏拉薩市高三第三次模擬)Climate scientists from the University of Sydney in Australia say tourism causes over 8% of greenhouse gases. Their study looked at the carbon footprints of many __1__ (vary) areas of tourism. Up to now, it __2__ (study) the CO2 emissions (排放) from transport, events, hotels, restaurants __3__ shopping. The researchers spent 18 months carrying out the research. They researched the tourist __4__ (activity) of 189 countries. Researcher Dr Arunima Malik said her team analysed the influence __5__ the environment of over one million businesses __6__ (involve) in tourism.
The researchers said domestic (國內(nèi)的) travel was a __7__ (big) cause of CO2 emissions than international or business travel. Air travel was the largest part of tourism's footprints. The researchers said flying would continue to increase global emissions as more people in the world become richer. The countries __8__ (cause) the most harm are the biggest and richest nations.The USA, India and Germany have the largest tourism carbon footprints, in __9__ carbon emissions will continue to increase as more of their citizens travel. The researchers encouraged holiday-makers and travelers to try to reduce their carbon footprints __10__ (great) when on vacation so their travel causes less harm to the planet.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了旅游會(huì)產(chǎn)生溫室氣體，呼吁旅游者在旅游的同時(shí)減少自己的碳排放量。
1.various/varied　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞areas of tourism要用形容詞，故用vary的形容詞形式various/varied。
2.has studied　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由本句的時(shí)間狀語Up to now可知該句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；由it可知應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填has studied。
3.and　考查連詞。此處shopping和transport, events, hotels, restaurants為并列關(guān)系，故用and連接。
4.activities　考查名詞。由空后的189 countries可知，此處應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填activities。
5.on/upon　考查介詞。the influence on/upon “對……的影響”，固定搭配，故用介詞on/upon。
6.involved　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。business和involve之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞involved作后置定語，表示“被包括在內(nèi)”。
7.bigger　考查形容詞的比較級。由后面的than可知考查比較級，故用big的比較級bigger。
8.causing　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。countries和cause之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾countries。
9.which　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處為“介詞加關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，which代指先行詞The USA, India and Germany；in可以放到句中去，為carbon emissions will continue to increase as more of their citizens travel in the USA, India and Germany。故填關(guān)系代詞which。
10.greatly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞reduce，所以用副詞形式，故填greatly。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
(2019·蘭州一中高三月考)Fang Tong is 34 years old, an actor, director and teacher of Beijing Opera Theatre. Most of his students are from other part of China and have come to Beijing at a very young age of sixteen or seventeen. He hopes create an environment for his students that it is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in. He thought that an actor should relax himself when performing. Yet his students deep respect him and he never needs to raise his voice in order to be hearing. For his opinion, actors should go on even when they feel they have made mistake in their performances because the moment is already gone but people can never be back to it. So art is always changing and developing.
答案：
Fang Tong is 34 years old, an actor, director and teacher of Beijing Opera Theatre. Most of his students are from other of China and have come to Beijing at very young age of sixteen or seventeen. He hopes create an environment for his students that is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in. He that an actor should relax himself when performing. Yet his students respect him and he never needs to raise his voice in order to be . his opinion, actors should go on even when they feel they have made / in their performances because the moment is already gone people can never be back to it. So art is always changing and developing.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第六處：deep→deeply　考查副詞。deep作副詞，表示“深深地”，表具體含義，而副詞deeply意為“深深地”，但表抽象含義，一般用于情感或思想方面，此處表示“深深地尊敬”，故應(yīng)用deeply。
第七處：hearing→heard　考查被動(dòng)形式。表示“為了被聽見”，這里應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)式。
第十處：but→and　考查連詞。前后兩分句之間是表示順承的并列關(guān)系，故將but改為and。

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