1．Sea pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem, and we have the responsibility to reduce sea pollution.
海洋污染正在變得日益嚴(yán)峻，我們有責(zé)任緩解海洋污染。
2．It is said that the voice and wind of the sea are very comfortable.
據(jù)說大海的聲音和海風(fēng)是很令人舒服的。
3．The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day, but when there's a strong wind, it's very rough.
在陽光燦爛的日子里，大海很美麗，但刮大風(fēng)的時(shí)候它就會(huì)變得非常兇猛。
4．With my vivid introduction to the Silk Road, those cold historical facts seemed to become alive like a giant scroll of fine arts, attracting the audience so much.
由于我對(duì)絲綢之路的生動(dòng)講解，這些冰冷的歷史事實(shí)似乎變成了栩栩如生的畫卷，吸引了大批聽眾。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)annual (adj.) 每年的；按年度計(jì)算的 (n.) 年刊；年鑒→annually (adv.) 每年→anniversary (n.) 周年紀(jì)念日
(2)witness (vt.) 當(dāng)場見到；目擊 (n.) 目擊者；證人；證據(jù)
(3)pause (vi.& n．) 暫停；中止
(4)drag (vt.) 拖；拉；扯
(5)urge (vt.) 催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策 (n.) 強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動(dòng)→urgent (adj.) 急迫的；催促的→urgency (n.) 緊急；迫切
(6)abandon (vt.) 放棄；遺棄；拋棄→abandoned (adj.) 被遺棄的；放縱的
(7)target (n.) 目標(biāo)；靶；受批評(píng)的對(duì)象
(8)reflect (vi.) 思考 (vt.) 映射；反射；思考→reflection (n.) 反射；反映
(9)aware (adj.) 意識(shí)到的；知道的→unaware (adj.) 沒有意識(shí)到的；不知道的→awareness (n.) 意識(shí)；覺悟
(10)neat (adj.) 〈口〉好的；整齊的；勻稱的
(11)scare (vt.) 恐嚇 (vi.) 受驚嚇→scared (adj.) 恐懼的；害怕的→scary (adj.) 駭人的；恐怖的

Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)accommodation (n.) 住所；住宿
(2)opposite (prep.) 在……對(duì)面 (adj.) 相對(duì)的；相反的
(3)flee (vi.) 逃避；逃跑 (vt.) 逃離
(4)depth (n.) 深(度)；深處
(5)relationship (n.) 關(guān)系；血緣關(guān)系；交往
(6)pure (adj.) 純的；純粹的；純潔的
(7)vivid (adj.) 生動(dòng)的；鮮明的；鮮艷的
(8)sharp (adj.) 銳利的；鋒利的；敏捷的
(9)tasty (adj.) 好吃的；可口的
(10)steep (adj.) 陡峭的

　[單句語法填空]
1.He described ________ (vivid) what he saw in London to us.
答案：vividly
2．The meeting was aimed at strengthening safety ________ (aware) of employees.
答案：awareness
3．The soup is ________ (taste), and I like it very much.
答案：tasty
4．Some flowers are ________ (reflect) in the river and they are very beautiful.
答案：reflected
5．It is ________ (urge) that we should finish the job as soon as possible.
答案：urged
6．He ________ (pause) for breath and then continued climbing.
答案：paused
7．The little girl is ________ (scare) of going out alone.
答案：scared

8．Despite some difficulties, they don't want ________ (abandon) the plan.
答案：to abandon
9．The lake is over 20 meters in ________ (deep)．
答案：depth
10．________ (flee) the big cities, thousands of people go to villages in search of the rural relaxation.
答案：Fleeing

聯(lián)想積累
1．含詞根“viv/vit(生命)”的單詞
①vivid adj. 生動(dòng)的
②revive v. 復(fù)活
③revival n. 復(fù)活
④survive v. 存活；幸存
⑤survival n. 存活；幸存
⑥survivor n. 幸存者
⑦vital adj. 生死攸關(guān)的；至關(guān)重要的
⑧vitamin n. 維生素
2．以后綴-th結(jié)尾的名詞
①depth 深度　　　　　?、趙idth 寬度
③length 長度 ④truth 真理
⑤growth 成長 ⑥youth 青年
⑦warmth 溫暖 ⑧strength 力氣
3．“看”遍天下
①glance v. (粗略地)看一下；掃視；一瞥
②glare v. 瞪眼；怒目而視
③spot v. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出
④watch v. 看；注視
⑤witness v. 目擊 n. 目擊者
⑥stare v. 凝視；盯著看
⑦glimpse v. 瞥見；看一眼
⑧observe v. 觀察；注意到


1．sort_out 分類；整理
2．a(chǎn)head_of 在……前面；優(yōu)于
3．in_the_meantime 在此期間；與此同時(shí)
4．be abandoned by ... 被……遺棄
5．hold_up 阻擋；耽擱；舉起
6．help ( ... ) out 幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難
7．reflect on 認(rèn)真思考；沉思
8．be/become aware of 意識(shí)到……；明白/了解……
9．upside down 上下翻轉(zhuǎn)
10．(be) scared to death 嚇得要死

　[選詞填空]
(be) scared to death， ahead of， upside down， sort out， reflect on， in the meantime
1．We should often ________ our past mistakes.
答案：reflect on
2．Turn the bottle ________ and shake it, then you'll find the water in it becomes yellow.
答案：upside down
3．The child felt ________ at the sight of the UFO.
答案：scared to death
4．She told me to ________ the papers that could be thrown away.
答案：sort out
5．I like skiing and ________， I know it is very dangerous.
答案：in the meantime
6．She is an excellent student and she is always well ________ the rest of the class.
答案：ahead of

聯(lián)想積累
hold相關(guān)短語集合
①hold up 阻擋；耽擱；舉起
②hold on 稍等；別掛斷；堅(jiān)持
③hold out 維持；堅(jiān)持
④hold back 躊躇；阻止；阻礙
⑤hold off 推遲


課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓(xùn)練
1.It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那個(gè)時(shí)期，虎鯨(當(dāng)時(shí)被稱為“殺手”)幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時(shí)捕捉須鯨。


It was a time when ... “曾經(jīng)一度……”，when引導(dǎo)定語從句。
類似的意思也可用下面的慣用表達(dá)：
There is/was a time when ...
______________ I was addicted to playing instead of reading. How I regret now！
曾經(jīng)有段時(shí)間我沉迷于玩耍而不是讀書。我真后悔！
2.This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.
這是宣告捕鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開始的呼聲。
be about to “正要做……”，常構(gòu)成句型“be about to do ... when ... (正要做某事，突然……)”，相當(dāng)于be on the point of doing ... when ...。
I ____________________ I caught sight of a familiar scene.
我正要關(guān)上電視，突然看到一個(gè)熟悉的畫面。

答案：1.It/There was a time when　2.was about to turn off the TV when

直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)

①opposite　prep. 在……對(duì)面　adj. 相對(duì)的；相反的　n. 相反的事物；對(duì)立的人/物；反面(P20)

(1)單句語法填空
Even though he sat opposite ________ me, we didn't say one word to each other.
答案：to
(2)單句寫作
①Walk along the road __________________________， and it's likely to reach your destination.
朝相反的方向走，你才有可能到達(dá)目的地。
②In fact everything he does ______________ what is considered normal behaviour.
事實(shí)上，他的一切作為都和人們所認(rèn)為的正常舉動(dòng)大相徑庭。
答案：①in the opposite direction?、趇s opposite to

(1)be opposite to 在……對(duì)面；與……相反
just the opposite 恰恰相反
(2)oppose vt. 反對(duì)；反抗
oppose sb./sth. 反對(duì)某人/某事
oppose doing sth. 反對(duì)做某事
(3)opposed adj. 對(duì)立的；截然相反的
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反對(duì)(做)某事
as opposed to ... 與……相反
(4)opposition n. 對(duì)抗；反對(duì)

②urge　vt. 催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策　n. 強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動(dòng)(P20)

(1)單句語法填空
①The author's purpose in writing the passage is to urge people ________ (work) hard.
②I refused his invitation because of ________ (urge) business.
答案：①to work?、趗rgent
(2)單句寫作
①The report urged that all children ______________ to swim.
這份報(bào)告呼吁教所有的兒童游泳。
②It is urged that the relative laws ______________ to prevent such things happening again.
人們極力主張相關(guān)法律應(yīng)該被制定出來以阻止類似事件再次發(fā)生。
答案：①(should) be taught?、?should) be made


(1)urge sb. to do sth. 竭力主張某人做某事；敦促某人做某事
urge that sb. (should) do sth. 主張/力勸某人做某事
It is/was urged that ... 有人主張……(后接虛擬語氣的從句)
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 緊急的

urge后跟從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣，即“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。

③abandon　vt. 放棄；遺棄；拋棄　n. 放縱；放任(P21)

(1)單句語法填空
①He signed cheques ________ careless abandon.
②I wish that sports day could ________ (abandon) and replaced with some other less competitive events.
答案：①with　②be abandoned
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
We should keep off those who abandon themselves in drugs.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：in→to


(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea 放棄希望/計(jì)劃/主意
abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；陷于(某種感情)
(2)with abandon 放縱地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 放縱的；墮落的；被遺棄的

④reflect　vi. 思考　vt. 映射；反射；思考(P24)

(1)單句語法填空
①It seems beautiful that the tall buildings ________ (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.
②Usually a child's behaviour is a ________ (reflect) of his family environment.
答案：①are reflected?、趓eflection
(2)單句寫作
____________ her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.
思考著她的志愿者經(jīng)歷，蒂娜對(duì)和她的當(dāng)?shù)赝聜円黄鹪O(shè)法完成的事情感到自豪。
答案：Reflecting on/upon


(1)reflect ... in ... 在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在……
reflect on/upon sth. 認(rèn)真思考/沉思某事
(2)reflection n. 反射；反映；映像；沉思
be lost in reflection 陷入深思中
on reflection (經(jīng))再三考慮


①help (...) out 幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難(P21)

(1)單句語法填空
As he is my best friend, when I am in trouble he will certainly help me________.
答案：out
(2)單句寫作
①They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or ____________ in whatever way they can.
他們通過提供一些必需品或者籌錢或者任何可行的方法來幫助渡過難關(guān)。
②Whenever I have problems with my studies, my teacher is always there to ______________.
無論任何時(shí)候我學(xué)習(xí)上遇到難題，老師總是可以幫我解決。
答案：①helping out?、趆elp me out


(1)help sb. with/(to) do sth. 幫助某人某事/做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事
help yourself (to sth.) 隨便自己動(dòng)手(吃/用……等)
(2)with the help of sb. ＝with sb.'s help 在某人的幫助下

②be/become aware of 意識(shí)到(P24)

(1)單句語法填空
①Though clearly aware ________ the danger ahead, he accepted the task without fear.
②The ________ (aware) of the fact that the child was in danger forced the police to take action.
答案：①of?、赼wareness
(2)單句寫作
He decided to ____________________ the rules of the road in his own way.
他決定用自己的方式提高人們對(duì)道路交通規(guī)則的認(rèn)識(shí)。
答案：raise people's awareness of


(1)be aware that ... 知道/體會(huì)到……
so/as far as I'm aware 據(jù)我所知
make sb. aware that/of 提醒某人注意……；使某人注意到……
(2)awareness n. 意識(shí)；認(rèn)識(shí)
strengthen/raise one's awareness of 增強(qiáng)/提高某人……的意識(shí)
develop an awareness of 逐漸懂得；培養(yǎng)……的意識(shí)

①[教材原句]As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.(P20)
走近一看，原來是一頭鯨正受到約六頭虎鯨的攻擊。

(1)單句語法填空
①One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children ________ (comfort) by their teachers.
②I could do whatever I want without ________ (interrupt) by the outside world.
答案：①being comforted?、赽eing interrupted
(2)單句寫作
A helmet is recommended to cyclists to prevent them from ______________.
推薦騎手佩戴頭盔，以免受傷。
答案：being injured


(1)“see a whale being attacked”看到一頭鯨魚正在被襲擊，句中“being attacked”為v.－ing形式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。
(2)being done除了作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行外，還有以下句法功能：
①作后置定語，表示被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行；
②作賓語，表示被動(dòng)；
③作主語，表示被動(dòng)。

②[教材原句]The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(P24)
海水是淺的，但是到了珊瑚礁的盡頭，就有一個(gè)陡坡，一直下降到滿是沙子的海底。

(1)單句語法填空
________ there is water, there is life.
答案：Where
(2)單句寫作
①______________ life, ________ hope.
留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。(有生命就會(huì)有希望)
②I hope to live in a place ____________________ and people are friendly.
我希望住在一個(gè)空氣清新、人們友好的地方。
答案：①Where there is; there is?、趙here the air is fresh


where ...，there be ... 意為“在……地方，有……”，where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。注意where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：
(1)where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句，描述主句所述事件發(fā)生的條件、處境等。
(2)where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾它前面的名詞。
where還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語或同位語。

課文回練 升華運(yùn)用
When I was 16, I worked at the whaling station and witnessed killers help whalers catch huge whales __1__ my own eyes many times. One afternoon, when I __2__ (sort) out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise __3__ (come) from the bay and we saw a great animal opposite us throwing __4__(it) out of the water and then crashing down again. We jumped into our boat and headed out into the bay. As we drew __5__ (close), I saw a whale __6__ (attack) by a pack of about six other killers. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. And its body was dragged __7__ (swift) by the killers down into the depths of the sea.
__8__ killers were fierce hunters, they never harmed or attacked people. One day we were out in the bay and James was washed off the boat. The sea was rough and it was difficult __9__ (handle) the boat. I could see James was terrified of being abandoned by us. When we approached James and saw him being firmly held __10__ in the water by Old Tom, I couldn't believe my eyes.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.with　2.was sorting　3.coming　4.itself　5.closer　6.being attacked　7.swiftly　8.Although/Though　9.to handle 　10.up

基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．We urged that she ________ (come) to the party, but she protested that she was too tired.
答案：(should) come　urge “強(qiáng)烈要求”后跟從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。
2．One day, I was about to go shopping ________ he telephoned me.
答案：when　be about to do ... when ... “正要做某事，突然……”。
3．To be honest, our generation should be witness ________ a happy life.
答案：to　be witness to “……的見證者”。
4．The people had left before the soldiers came to the ________ (abandon) village.
答案：abandoned　abandoned為形容詞“被遺棄的；廢棄的”，在句中修飾名詞village。
5．Everybody is aware ________ the importance of learning.
答案：of　be/become aware of ... “意識(shí)到……”。
6．When I reflect ________ my schooldays, I realize how much easier things are for today's children.
答案：on/upon　reflect on/upon “認(rèn)真思考；回想”。
7．To be a brave man, you should not be scared ________ danger.
答案：of　be scared of ... “害怕……”。
8．Did you see that boy ________ (question) by the police?
答案：being questioned　see sb. doing sth. “看到某人正在做某事”，又因?yàn)閠hat boy與question之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用being questioned。此處意為“正在受盤問”。
9．It was a time ________ most people did not know how to operate a computer.
答案：when　It was a time when ... “曾經(jīng)一度(那時(shí))……”，為固定句式，when引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。
10．You have to trust your mind that it'll take you ________ you want to go.
答案：where　where在該句中引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，表述你的頭腦會(huì)帶你去你想去的地方。
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1．Never shall I forget the meaningful experience, helping the librarian ________ (整理) the books in the library.
答案：(to) sort out
2．__________________________ (同時(shí)), I am quite independent and it is easy for me to adapt to a new environment.
答案：In the meantime
3．______________________ anything seemed possible.
那是一個(gè)任何事情都有可能發(fā)生的時(shí)代。
答案：It was a time when
4．______________________________________________________________
無論你什么時(shí)候有麻煩，我都樂意幫你擺脫困境。(help ... out)
答案：Whenever you are in trouble, I'm ready to help you out.
5．______________________________________________________________
對(duì)司機(jī)關(guān)于胡同(Hutongs)歷史的生動(dòng)介紹，邁克感到非常興奮。
答案：Mike felt very excited about the driver's vivid introduction to the history of Hutongs.
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·吉林省梅河口市高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)考)Nowadays more and more people like to travel, __1__ (especial) when vacations come. A great number of people rush out of their homes or companies to __2__ (travel) spots. They either drive or take a bus, a train, a ship __3__ so on. Some even ride bikes.
However, there __4__ (be) another way of travelling—poorism. People have a tour in __5__ poorest areas of the world. Some people may take a one-day poorest tour, and some even pay to stay in very poor neighborhoods __6__ (experience) the lowest living standards in the world. Poorism tours take place around the world, and not just in the third world __7__ (country). You can, for instance, tour New York neighborhoods in the Bronx. Such tours can take people into the heart of poor areas. These tours may awaken people to pay __8__ (much) attention to long-standing poverty, or the effects of war.
Some think that tours in the poor areas can raise social care. And the money from the tour can __9__ (donate) to help the people __10__ live there.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了另一種旅游形式——貧困之旅。人們在世界上最貧窮的地區(qū)進(jìn)行旅游，這些旅行可能會(huì)使人們更多地關(guān)注長期存在的貧困和戰(zhàn)爭的影響。
1．especially　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處是副詞修飾when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，故答案為especially。
2．travelling/traveling　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：很多人沖出家門或公司去旅游景點(diǎn)。此處是動(dòng)名詞作定語，修飾spots，故答案為travelling/traveling。
3．a(chǎn)nd　考查連詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：and so on等等。故答案為and。
4．is　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處是there be句型，句子主語是another way of travelling，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)第三人稱形式，并且介紹的是一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為is。
5．the　考查冠詞。此處是形容詞最高級(jí)，前面用定冠詞the，故答案為the。
6．to experience　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：有些人可能會(huì)參加為期一天的“最貧困之旅”，有些人甚至花錢住在非常貧困的社區(qū)，體驗(yàn)世界上最低的生活水平。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，故答案為to experience。
7．countries　考查名詞。第三世界的國家不止一個(gè)，所以名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為countries。
8．more　考查副詞的比較級(jí)。句意：這些旅行可能會(huì)喚醒人們更多地關(guān)注長期存在的貧困和戰(zhàn)爭的影響。結(jié)合句意可知，句子用比較級(jí)，故答案為more。
9．be donated　考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。句意：旅游所得的錢可以捐贈(zèng)給生活在那里的人們。此處money和donate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為be donated。
10．who/that　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處people是先行詞，指人，引導(dǎo)詞在后面的定語從句中作主語，故答案為who/that。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
Nowadays more and more people would rather to look for a job on the Internet than in the newspapers or in the job market. There are many reasons for my preference, one of that is that a job hunter can find a job conveniently. He needn't bother to get recommendations from relative or friends, or registration at an employment exchange. Besides, a job hunter can get a job by simple browsing among the advertisements online and sending resumes by e－mail. Finally, the success rate is very high. But even if one fails to find a job, it can spare him the embarrassment of refused.
As for me, I believe that as the increasing popularity of the Internet, this new way would win favor among more and more jobless people and laid-off workers. It's due to its convenience, efficient and high success rate.
答案：
Nowadays more and more people would rather look for a job on the Internet than in the newspapers or in the job market. There are many reasons for preference, one of is that a job hunter can find a job conveniently. He needn't bother to get recommendations from or friends, or registration at an employment exchange. Besides, a job hunter can get a job by browsing among the advertisements online and sending resumes by e－mail. Finally, the success rate is very high. even if one fails to find a job, it can spare him the embarrassment of refused.
As for me, I believe that the increasing popularity of the Internet, this new way win favor among more and more jobless people and laid-off workers. It's due to its convenience, and high success rate.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第一處：去掉rather后的to　考查固定用法。would rather do sth.為固定用法，意為“寧愿做某事”，故去掉to。
第五處：simple→simply　考查副詞。應(yīng)用副詞修飾browsing這一動(dòng)詞。
第七處：refused前加being　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處作介詞of的賓語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞；又因?yàn)閞efuse與其邏輯主語him之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。

課時(shí)作業(yè)
Ⅰ.完形填空
An American diver set a new record for the deepest dive in history in May, 2019 when he sank nearly 36,000 feet. Victor Vescovo __1__ in his watercraft (船，水運(yùn)工具) to the lowest part of the ocean in the Pacific's Mariana Trench, marking only the third time humans have __2__ the sea's extreme depths.
Deep in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Vescovo dove 35,853 feet __3__ the waves, breaking previous records by about 36 feet. He spent four hours __4__ the deepest known area of the planet's seabed in a $48 million submersible (潛水艇)—a small watercraft built to __5__ the extreme pressure of the __6__ waters.
But this wasn't Vescovo's first thrill-seeking moment. He also __7__ both the North and South Poles and __8__ the highest peaks on all seven continents. “We wanted to __9__ the capability of the submarine and the whole system by diving there repeatedly and really, __10__， opening the door for __11__，\” Vescovo said.
Though he was the first to make it to those depths, man's __12__ is already present there with plastic __13__ among the sea creatures.
“In most of the depths I've been down to I've seen the __14__ of plastic or things I can't even __15__ but they're definitely man-made which is really __16__，\” Vescovo said.
Vescovo and his team __17__ four new species whose genetic information could help with medical research. “It feels like a great __18__ that I was able to do this as a human being，\” he said. “It's a great __19__ just to try and, you know, push humanity a little bit forward.\”
Vescovo's next challenge is to reach the bottom of the Arctic Ocean, which he __20__ to do in August. Once he's conquered the mountains and oceans, Vescovo says his next challenge is space.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。太平洋一萬多米的深海也有塑料垃圾的出現(xiàn)！讓我們跟隨打破世界潛水紀(jì)錄的維克多·維斯科沃看看是怎么一回事吧！
1．A.looked out B．ran away
C．rushed off D．went down
答案：D　結(jié)合上文的“sank”和下文的“in his watercraft (船，水運(yùn)工具) to the lowest part of the ocean in the Pacific's Mariana Trench”可知，他從水運(yùn)工具上向下，到達(dá)海洋的深處。look out “找出；留心”；run away “逃跑；回避”；rush off “沖出”；go down “下降”。故選D。
2．A.reached B．observed
C．searched D．recorded
答案：A　根據(jù)下文的“the sea's extreme depths”可知，他實(shí)現(xiàn)了人類第三次到達(dá)(reach)海洋的最深處。
3．A.on B．beneath
C．under D．over
答案：B　根據(jù)上文的“Deep in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Vescovo dove 35,853 feet”可知，他到達(dá)了波浪下面(beneath)35,853英尺深的地方。
4．A.wandering B．measuring
C．exploring D．covering
答案：C　結(jié)合下文的“the deepest known area of the planet's seabed in a $48 million submersible (潛水艇)”可知，他在水底探測(explore)海床近4個(gè)小時(shí)。
5．A.bear B．remove
C．balance D．produce
答案：A　根據(jù)下文的“the extreme pressure of the __6__ waters”可知，建造的這個(gè)潛水艇可以承受(bear)海水的壓力。
6．A.wild B．cold
C．dirty D．deep
答案：D　與上文的“Deep in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Vescovo dove 35,853 feet __3__ the waves”和“pressure”呼應(yīng)，此處指深處(deep)海水的壓力。
7．A.flew over B．skied
C．settled in D．circled
答案：B　根據(jù)下文的“both the North and South Poles”(南極和北極)可知，應(yīng)該是在那里滑雪(ski)。
8．A.passed B．visited
C．conquered D．discovered
答案：C　結(jié)合下文的“the highest peaks on all seven continents”可知，他也征服(conquer)過七大洲的最高峰，即他都攀爬過最高峰。
9．A.prove B．change
C．lack D．a(chǎn)cquire
答案：A　結(jié)合下文的“the capability of the submarine and the whole system by diving there repeatedly”可知，他進(jìn)行這場探險(xiǎn)，目的就是想證明(prove)潛水艇的能力。
10．A.seriously B．carefully
C．secretly D．hopefully
答案：D　根據(jù)語境，此處表示希望做某事。hopefully “有希望地”。
11．A.society B．science
C．nature D．knowledge
答案：B　結(jié)合語境，這里應(yīng)該表示為科學(xué)(science)打開探索之門。
12．A.shadow B．power
C．effect D．track
答案：C　結(jié)合下文的“with plastic __13__ among the sea creatures”可知，在海洋深處發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料，說明人類的影響已經(jīng)到達(dá)海洋深處。
13．A.lying B．floating
C．swimming D．mixing
答案：A　根據(jù)上文的“plastic”和下文的“among the sea creatures”可知，指人類的影響造成了塑料已經(jīng)位于(lie)海洋深處的生物之中了。
14．A.use B．role
C．danger D．pollution
答案：D　與上文的plastic呼應(yīng)，指人類造成的污染(pollution)，連地球上最偏僻、最深處的角落也不放過。
15．A.recognize B．collect
C．move D．look
答案：A　與下文的“they're definitely man-made”相對(duì)照，這里指甚至是一些他不認(rèn)識(shí)(recognize)的東西。
16．A.fantastic B．unfortunate
C．wonderful D．possible
答案：B　污染已經(jīng)達(dá)到了海洋的深處，顯然這是一件不幸的(unfortunate)事情。
17．A.discovered B．caught
C．met D．knew
答案：A　根據(jù)下文的“four new species whose genetic information could help with medical research”可知，他發(fā)現(xiàn)(discover)了四個(gè)新物種，其基因信息可以為醫(yī)學(xué)研究提供幫助。
18．A.pity B．challenge
C．privilege D．right
答案：C　結(jié)合下文的“I was able to do this as a human being”可知，他認(rèn)為作為人類，能夠到達(dá)海洋的深處，并且有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，是一種榮幸(privilege)。
19．A.prize B．campaign
C．a(chǎn)ward D．feeling
答案：D　根據(jù)下文的“just to try and, you know, push humanity a little bit forward”可知，能夠推動(dòng)人類進(jìn)步，這是一種非常棒的感覺(feeling)。
20．A.thinks B．plans
C．views D．gets
答案：B　根據(jù)設(shè)空處前一句“Vescovo's next challenge is to reach the bottom of the Arctic Ocean”可知，Vescovo的下一次挑戰(zhàn)，他計(jì)劃(plan)在8月份實(shí)施。
Ⅱ.閱讀理解

(2020·深圳高級(jí)中學(xué)(集團(tuán))高三第一學(xué)期第一次測試)We love the sea. We swim into it, live near it, build beside it, and even imagine about living under the sea. But we're terrified of it, too. For much of our history, we have turned to “hard engineering” to control the marine (海洋) environment and manage its influence on us. We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit of taking back its own. And we suffer.
Johnston, a marine ecologist, is advocating for “blue engineering”—the marine version of the “green engineering” movement on land that has seen nations like Singapore building the walls and roofs of the concrete jungle with plant life.
We are expanding further into the marine environment. This practice does harm to marine ecosystems. We're loving the sea to death, but we've not been thinking about design of structures (建筑物) with respect to ecology. Some coastal structures create shade, which reduces the growth of seaweed. Bright lights at night contuse species such as turtles. That's why blue engineering comes in.
Throughout the world people are starting to turn things around. Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles (瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology. These make more attractive homes for marine creatures. Researchers are also actively seeding these tiles with local seaweeds and creatures such as the Sydney rock oyster, which is particularly good at improving water quality. Twelve harbours around the world are taking part in this marine tile experiment, each working with their own unique marine life.
It's a far cry from, the days when huge number, of old tyres were thrown, into the sea to build “artificial reef (礁石)”. Those clumsy early attempts are now costing millions to remove, showing just how far we have yet to go in understanding how best to co-habit with the underwater world.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。主要講了引進(jìn)藍(lán)色海洋工程的原因以及如何實(shí)施藍(lán)色海洋工程。
1．What do we know about “hard engineering”？
A．It has improved sea environment.
B．It can control the influence of sea.
C．It has failed to achieve its purpose.
D．It makes living under sea impossible.
答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit of taking back its own. And we suffer.”可知，“hard engineering”意味著所有的努力似乎沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，因此未能達(dá)到它的目的。故選C。
2．Para. 3 is mainly about the ________ to introduce the project of “blue engineering”．
A．drawbacks B．reasons
C．procedures D．measures
答案：B　推理判斷題。第三段中的“This practice does harm to marine ecosystems.”與“That's why blue engineering comes in.”可知，本段主要講了引進(jìn)“藍(lán)色工程”的原因。故選B。
3．Which of the following is a form of “blue engineering”？
A．Constructing buildings with plant life.
B．Expanding into marine environments.
C．Creating an artificial reef with old tyres.
D．Building structures benefiting sea creatures.
答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles (瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology.”可知，建造對(duì)海洋生物有益的結(jié)構(gòu)是“藍(lán)色工程”的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。
4．What is the writer's feeling towards the present situation of marine environment?
A．Relieved. B．Doubtful.
C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.
答案：A　推理判斷題。由最后一段可推知作者對(duì)海洋環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀持放心態(tài)度。relieved “放心”；doubtful “不確定的”；satisfied “滿意的”；disappointed “失望的”。故選A。

(2019·北京高考)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。調(diào)查表明，由于氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。
5．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C．The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
答案：B　段落大意題。文章第一段點(diǎn)題：由于氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。第二段介紹由于光從生物體反射的方式，這些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案；氣候變化又使得這些浮游植物在某些區(qū)域加速生長而在其他地方有所減少，導(dǎo)致海洋表面的顏色變化。由此可知前兩段講了海洋顏色變化的原因，故B項(xiàng)正確。
6．What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.
C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.
答案：A　詞義猜測題。畫線詞后一句提到，氣候變暖改變了海洋的主要特點(diǎn)并能影響浮游植物的生長，因?yàn)樗鼈円L不僅僅需要陽光和二氧化碳，也需要營養(yǎng)。由此可知，這些浮游植物對(duì)海洋變暖很敏感，故A項(xiàng)正確。
7．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
答案：D　推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到這些浮游植物是海洋食物鏈的基礎(chǔ)，如果某些種類的浮游植物消失了，會(huì)影響能存活的魚的類型，從而影響海洋食物鏈，并結(jié)合文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句可知浮游植物多的區(qū)域海水會(huì)變得更綠，故D項(xiàng)正確。
8．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
答案：C　主旨大意題。文章主要論述了隨著氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠，即氣候變化對(duì)海洋有影響，故C項(xiàng)正確。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
(2019·甘肅省靜寧一中高三一模)There is too many people and too many pollution on the earth. If we moved to the moon one day, how would life be like there?
In my opinion, life would be much more comfort on the moon than on the earth. There wouldn't be pollution or traffic jam. We could go wherever we like in one minute by the spaceship, which would be much fast than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever you like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place where I am always dreaming about.
答案：
There too many people and too pollution on the earth. If we moved to the moon one day， would life be like there?
In my opinion, life would be much more on the moon than on the earth. There wouldn't be pollution or traffic . We could go wherever we like in one minute by spaceship, which would be much than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place ∕ I am always dreaming about.
1.is→are　考查主謂一致。句意：地球上有太多的人和過多的污染。本句為there be句型，主語為由and連接的名詞短語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和最臨近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致，故用are。
2.many→much　考查形容詞。句意：地球上有太多的人和過多的污染。pollution為不可數(shù)名詞，故用much修飾。
3.how→what　考查特殊疑問詞。句意：如果有一天我們移民到月球的話，生活會(huì)怎么樣呢？分析句子成分可知，本句中，like缺少賓語，故用特殊疑問詞what。
4.comfort→comfortable　考查形容詞。句意：與地球相比，月球上的生活會(huì)更舒適。分析句子可知，be動(dòng)詞后接形容詞，故用comfortable。
5.jam→jams　考查名詞。句意：月球上不會(huì)有污染或交通堵塞。traffic jam “交通堵塞”為可數(shù)名詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式j(luò)ams，表示泛指。
6.去掉the　考查冠詞。句意：我們可以乘坐飛船去想去的地方，乘坐飛船比坐火車或者飛機(jī)要快得多。by spaceship “乘坐飛船”，故去掉the。
7.fast→faster　考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。本句為比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，故用比較級(jí)形式faster。
8.you→we　考查人稱代詞。句意：我們可以吃想吃的東西，而不用擔(dān)心不健康的原材料。分析句子可知，本句主語為we，故用第一人稱we。
9.concerned后加about　考查介詞。此處為短語be concerned about “為……擔(dān)憂”，故加介詞about。
10.where→which/that或去掉where　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：這是一個(gè)我一直夢想著要去的地方。分析句子可知，從句中，about缺少賓語，故用關(guān)系代詞which/that；由于關(guān)系代詞作賓語，故也可以省略。


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