1．Hawking, who is probably the world's most famous scientist after Albert Einstein, is an expert on black holes.
霍金，也許是愛因斯坦之后世界最著名的科學(xué)家，是黑洞方面的專家。
2．Ordinary-looking as she is, Tu Youyou has rich medical experience and she is deeply respected by other doctors and nurses.
盡管相貌平凡，但是屠呦呦擁有豐富的醫(yī)療經(jīng)驗(yàn)，深得醫(yī)生和護(hù)士的尊敬。
3．The rice developed by Yuan Longping is expected to gain more output, enabling more people to have something to eat.
袁隆平培育的水稻有望增加產(chǎn)量，可以解決更多人的溫飽問題。
4．These activities “Approach Scientists” help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about science discoveries.
“走近科學(xué)家”活動(dòng)有助于我們更好理解理科課程，激發(fā)我們對(duì)科學(xué)探索的好奇心。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)conclude (vt.& vi.) 結(jié)束；推斷出→conclusion (n.) 結(jié)論；結(jié)束
(2)defeat (vt.) 打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫 (n.) 失敗
(3)attend (vt.) 照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加
(4)expose (vt.) 暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposure (n.) 暴露；揭發(fā)
(5)cure (n.) 治愈；痊愈 (vt.) 治愈；治療
(6)challenge (n.) 挑戰(zhàn) (vt.) 向……挑戰(zhàn)
(7)suspect (vt.) 認(rèn)為；懷疑 (n.) 被懷疑者；嫌疑犯
(8)blame (vt.) 責(zé)備；譴責(zé) (n.) 過失；責(zé)備
(9)pollute (vt.) 污染；弄臟→pollution (n.) 污染
(10)contribute (vt.& vi.) 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助→contribution (n.) 貢獻(xiàn)
Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)scientific (adj.) 科學(xué)的
(2)analyse (vt.) 分析
(3)expert (adj.) 熟練的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識(shí)豐富的 (n.) 專家；行家
(4)victim (n.) 受害者
(5)absorb (vt.) 吸收；吸引；使專心
(6)instruct (vt.) 命令；指示；教導(dǎo)
(7)construct (vt.) 建設(shè)；修建
(8)positive (adj.) 積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的
(9)enthusiastic (adj.) 熱情的；熱心的
(10)cautious (adj.) 小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的
　[單句語法填空]
1.That year, I ________ (attend) a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.
答案：attended
2．Instead of ________ (blame) the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
答案：blaming
3．In the end the idea almost leads them to the same ________ (conclude)．
答案：conclusion
4．After he was ________ (cure) of the cancer, he lived a normal life.
答案：cured
5．Not knowing what was wrong with his car, Tom decided to send for an experienced man ________ (handle) the problem.
答案：to handle

6．Judging from your exam results, I think you have cause for ________ (caution) optimism about getting a place at Peking University.
答案：cautious
7．To our surprise, many rivers and lakes nearby are seriously ________ (pollute)．
答案：polluted
8．When I came in, he was ________ (absorb) in reading a new novel.
答案：absorbed
9．We're not saying that everyone needs ________ (contribute) their lives to the poor.
答案：to contribute
10．The young player was ________ (defeat) by his partner in the game, but he didn't lose heart.
答案：defeated

聯(lián)想積累
1．后綴-sion構(gòu)成的抽象名詞
①conclusion 結(jié)論；結(jié)束
②admission 準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；承認(rèn)
③confusion 混亂；困惑；混淆
④expression 詞組；表達(dá)；表情
⑤oppression 壓迫；壓制
⑥permission 允許；許可
⑦profession 職業(yè)；專業(yè)
⑧impression 印象
⑨revision 修改，修正；復(fù)習(xí)
2．表示“觀點(diǎn)；態(tài)度”的高頻形容詞
①positive 積極的
②negative 消極的
③subjective 主觀的
④objective 客觀的
⑤doubtful 懷疑的
⑥critical 批評(píng)的


1．put_forward 提出
2．draw_a_conclusion 得出結(jié)論
3．expose ... to ... 使顯露；暴露
4．be_absorbed_in 全神貫注于；專心致志于
5．be_to_blame 應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任
6．link ... to ... 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來
7．contribute to 導(dǎo)致；有助于；撰稿
8．a(chǎn)part from 除……之外；此外
9．(be) strict with 對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的
10．make sense 講得通；有意義

　[選詞填空]
put forward, draw a conclusion, apart from, make sense, contribute to, expose ... to
1．From what is said above, we can ________ that computers are more a blessing than a disaster.
答案：draw a conclusion
2．I think the plan ________ by Mr Smith is very reasonable.
答案：put forward
3．He did not want to ________ his fears and insecurity ________ anyone.
答案：expose; to
4．Positive emotions ________ both our health and our success.
答案：contribute to
5．Our team, ________ regular training, will join in a variety of activities.
答案：apart from
6．It doesn't ________ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
答案：make sense

聯(lián)想積累
1．“動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋to”短語
①expose ... to ... 使顯露；暴露
②link ... to ... 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來
③add ... to ... 把……加到……里
④compare ... to ... 把……比作……；與……相比
⑤devote ... to ... 把……奉獻(xiàn)于……
⑥supply ... to ... 向……供應(yīng)……
2．“be＋過去分詞＋in”短語
①be absorbed in 專心于……
②be lost in 沉浸于……；專心致志于……
③be caught up in 被卷入……
④be buried in 被安葬在……
⑤be occupied in 忙于……
3．與forward搭配的短語
①put forward 提出
②look forward to 盼望
③bring forward 提出
④step forward 主動(dòng)站出來(幫忙或提供信息)；自告奮勇


課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓(xùn)練
1.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有大批驚恐的百姓病死。
every time “每次……”，可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。類似的還有：each time, the first time, the moment(一……就……)等。
Concerning my study，________________________ to school I will ask the teachers or my classmates for help.
至于我的學(xué)習(xí)，我一返校就去向老師們或同學(xué)們請(qǐng)教。

續(xù)表
課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓(xùn)練
2.It seemed that the water was to blame.
看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?br /> It seems that ... “似乎……；好像……”。
____________________________ doing more reading is good for you.
在我看來多閱讀對(duì)你有好處。

答案：1.the moment I return　2.It seems to me that

直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)

①conclusion　n. 結(jié)論；結(jié)束(P1)

(1)單句語法填空
He concluded ________ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
答案：from
(2)單句寫作
①________________， I'd like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后，我想說我今天玩得非常開心。
②She ____________________ by reminding us of our responsibility.
她在演講結(jié)束時(shí)提醒我們所擔(dān)負(fù)的責(zé)任。
答案：①In conclusion?、赾oncluded the speech

(1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
in conclusion 總而言之；最后
(2)conclude
conclude

表示“總而言之，總的說來”的其他表達(dá)還有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。

②attend　vt. 照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加(P2)

(1)單句語法填空
①If I had been invited beforehand, I ________ (attend) the 100th anniversary celebration of your school.
②All the participants were required to sign in as they entered the hall ________ (attend) the meeting.
答案：①would have attended?、趖o attend
(2)單句寫作
I can't go to see the movie with you tonight, because I have several matters to ______________.
今晚我不能和你一起去看電影了，我有好多事情要處理。
答案：attend to

attend school/class/church 上學(xué)/上課/去教堂
attend a meeting/lecture/wedding/funeral/party 參加會(huì)議/聽演講/參加婚禮/參加葬禮/出席聚會(huì)
attend to sb. 看護(hù)，照料某人
attend to 處理(生意或個(gè)人事務(wù))；接待(顧客)

attend側(cè)重“參加”之意。attend to作“處理”講時(shí)，與do/deal with近義；另attend to作“關(guān)懷；照料”講時(shí)，與take care of, look after近義。

③expose　vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光(P2)

單句寫作
①Don't __________________ direct sunlight, or you'll get sunburnt.
不要讓你的皮膚直接暴曬于陽光下，否則你會(huì)被曬傷。
②If __________________ the outside surroundings, they'll be stronger and better prepared for their future.
置身于外部的環(huán)境，他們將變得更強(qiáng)大，并且為未來更好地做準(zhǔn)備。
③I have been ____________________ English for ten years, enabling me to communicate well with foreigners.
我接觸英語已經(jīng)10年了，這使我能夠與外賓順利溝通。
答案：①expose your skin to?、趀xposed to　③exposed to

expose ... to ... 使……顯露；暴露
be exposed to 暴露于……；接觸……
expose sb. to sth. 使某人接觸到/體驗(yàn)?zāi)澄?br /> exposed adj. 無保護(hù)的；無遮蔽的
exposure n. 顯露；暴露；揭露；曝光

在expose ... to ... 以及be exposed to ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中，to為介詞，其后要用名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。

④absorb　vt. 吸收；吸引；使專心(P2)

(1)單句語法填空
①However, when something did interest me, I could become ________ (absorb)．
②Plants absorb carbon dioxide ________ the air and moisture from the soil.
答案：①absorbed?、趂rom
(2)單句寫作
________ in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
全神貫注于畫畫，約翰沒有注意到夜幕降臨了。
答案：Absorbed

(1)absorb ... from ... 從……中吸收……
absorb ... into ... 把……吸收進(jìn)……
be absorbed into 被……吞并/并入
be absorbed in ... 全神貫注于……
(2)absorbed adj. 全神貫注的
absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的

⑤blame　vt. 責(zé)備；譴責(zé)　n. 過失；責(zé)備(P2)

單句寫作
①Which driver __________________ for the accident?
哪個(gè)司機(jī)是這次事故的肇事者？
②Alice was in low spirits because she ____________ the breakdown of the school computer network.
因?yàn)楸恢肛?zé)要為學(xué)校電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的癱瘓負(fù)責(zé)，艾麗斯的情緒很低落。
③Many children are afraid of ____________ for failing the exam.
許多孩子害怕因考試不及格而受責(zé)備。
④I am ready __________________ for the mistake.
我準(zhǔn)備為這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
答案：①is to blame　②was blamed for?、踒eing blamed　④to take/bear/accept the blame


(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而責(zé)備某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人
be to blame (for sth.) (對(duì)某事)應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；應(yīng)受責(zé)備
(2)accept/bear/take the blame for ... 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)；為……承擔(dān)責(zé)任
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把責(zé)任推到某人身上

be to blame 為主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，因此不能再用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

⑥contribute　vt.& vi. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助(P4)

(1)單句語法填空
①Who made a great ________ (contribute) to the civil rights movement in the US?
②Alcohol contributes ________ 100,000 deaths in the US each year.
答案：①contribution?、趖o
(2)單句寫作
If you want to ____________ our magazine, please send me your article before the deadline.
如果你想為我們雜志撰寫稿件，請(qǐng)?jiān)谧詈笃谙耷鞍盐恼掳l(fā)給我。
答案：contribute to


(1)contribute ... to ... 向……捐獻(xiàn)……
contribute to 有助于；導(dǎo)致；為……作貢獻(xiàn)；為……捐款；為……撰稿
(2)contribution n. 捐款；捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；投送的稿件
make a contribution/contributions to 對(duì)……作出貢獻(xiàn)；為……捐款

表示“引起，導(dǎo)致；有助于”的詞語有：contribute to, result in, bring about, lead to, cause等。

①put forward 提出；推薦；將……提前；將(鐘表)向前撥(P1)

寫出下列句子中put forward的含義
①The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to help promote fully automatic driving.________
②My watch was slow, so I put it forward three minutes.________
③She was put forward as an advanced worker.________
④They have put forward the date of the meeting by three days.________
答案：①提出?、诎驯頁芸臁、弁扑]?、軐ⅰ崆?br />

put away 把……收拾好；把……放回原處；儲(chǔ)蓄
put aside 放下(正在讀的東西或正在干的活)；存(錢)備用；留出
put down 放下；寫下；記下；鎮(zhèn)壓
put on 穿上；上演
put off 推遲；延期
put up 搭建；張貼；為……提供住宿
put through 接通電話；完成
put out 撲滅
put up with 容忍；忍受

②apart from 除……之外；此外(P4)

單句寫作
①____________ the salary, it's not a bad job，enjoying ourselves with the kids all day.
不考慮薪水的話，這工作還不錯(cuò)，可以整天開心地和孩子們?cè)谝黄稹?br /> ②__________________ the yard and making the bed for the old, we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them.
除了打掃庭院和為老人們鋪床外，我們還為他們讀報(bào)紙并且跟他們聊天。
③They are so alike, and it's difficult to ____________.
他們長(zhǎng)得太像了，很難把他們區(qū)分開。
答案：①Apart from?、贏part from cleaning?、踭ell them apart


(1)apart from具有下列三層含義：
①相當(dāng)于as well as/in addition to。指“除……之外(還)；此外；加之”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“另外還有”；
②相當(dāng)于aside from。指“除了……外”；
③相當(dāng)于except for。指“除了……外(都)；要不是”，是在對(duì)某人或物整體上肯定的同時(shí)，特別指出其不足之處。
(2)take ... apart 將……拆開
tell sb./sth. apart 把某人/某物區(qū)分開

③make sense 有意義；講得通(P7)

單句語法填空
①Can you make sense _______ what this writer is saying?
②There is no sense in ________ (buy) expensive clothes for children, as they soon grow out of them.
③In no sense ________ he realize he had made such a serious mistake.
答案：①of?、赽uying　③did


make sense of 理解；弄明白
make no sense 沒有道理；沒有意義
bring sb. to sb.'s senses 某人清醒過來
in a sense 從某種意義上來說
in no sense 決不(位于句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))
common sense 常識(shí)
a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction 責(zé)任感/幽默感/美感/方向感
There is no sense in (doing) sth. (做)某事是沒有意義的

①[教材原句]But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (P2)
但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助(那些)受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。


單句語法填空
①Have you read the novel ________ (write) by Mo Yan?
②After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ (catch) in the mud.
③The children were all ________ after they heard the ________ news that their team had won the game. (inspire)
答案：①written?、赾aught?、踚nspired; inspiring


過去分詞inspired和exposed在句中分別作表語和定語。作定語時(shí)置于所修飾詞之后或之前表示動(dòng)作完成或被動(dòng)。作表語時(shí)置于系動(dòng)詞之后，說明主語的狀態(tài)或特征。

單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，常位于它所修飾的名詞之前；過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞之后，但單個(gè)過去分詞修飾something, everything等不定代詞時(shí)，也要后置。

②[教材原句]He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. (P7)
他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，行星都圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，而只有月球圍繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。


(1)單句語法填空
With the boy ________ (show) us the way, we got there easily.
答案：showing
(2)單句寫作
①________________________， I smiled in relief.
問題解決之后，我欣慰地笑了。
②The boy felt very pleased ________________________.
有那么多孩子坐在他周圍，男孩很高興。
③________________， he was standing there, looking up at the stars in the sky.
開著窗，他站在那里，仰望著天上的星星。
答案：①With the problem solved?、趙ith so many children sitting around him　③With the window open


“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：
with＋賓語＋
此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作狀語，可位于句首或句尾，常作時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨狀語等，亦可作后置定語。


課文回練 升華運(yùn)用
John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he __1__ (attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he was famous for __2__ (defeat) “King Cholera”．
Cholera was a __3__ (dead) disease and neither its cause __4__ its cure was understood. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem. He suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry. He found that many victims __5__ (link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle __6__ (remove). Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He drew __7__ conclusion that the polluted water was __8__ (blame)．
The water __9__ (company) were instructed not to expose people __10__ polluted water anymore. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.attended　2.defeating　3.deadly　4.nor　5.linked　6.removed　7.the　8.to blame　9.companies　10.to

基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Only when he arrived ________ the meeting begin.
答案：did　以only引起的短語或狀語從句放在句首時(shí)，為了加強(qiáng)語氣，句子要部分倒裝。由時(shí)間狀語從句when he arrived可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填did。
2．We will have a further discussion before we draw a final ________ (conclude)．
答案：conclusion　draw a conclusion “得出結(jié)論”。句意：在得出最終結(jié)論前，我們將作進(jìn)一步的討論。
3．________ (absorb) in writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in.
答案：Absorbed　be absorbed in ... “全神貫注于……”，此處為分詞作狀語，故填A(yù)bsorbed。
4．That you ________ (expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
答案：are exposed　be exposed to ... “暴露于……；接觸……”。
5．There is no sense in ________ (worry) about the future.
答案：worrying　There is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是沒有意義的”。
6．While ________ (attend) to the main task, we should unfold the work in other fields.
答案：attending　attend to “處理；照料”。從句的主語和主句主語一致，且謂語部分含有be動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式時(shí)，可省略從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞，補(bǔ)充完整為：While we are attending to ...，故填attending。
7．The bank manager was really ________ (blame), though he tried to pass the buck.
答案：to blame　be to blame “應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任”，為主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
8．Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to ________ (set) up some schools for poor children.
答案：setting　contribute ... to ... “為……奉獻(xiàn)……”，其中to為介詞，其后應(yīng)用名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式，故填setting。
9．My parents tend to accept any idea ________ (put) forward by experts on TV.
答案：put　put forward “提出”，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞idea。
10．The children are helpless ________ (victim) of the fight.
答案：victims　由于主語是The children，是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以victim也要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：這些孩子是戰(zhàn)斗中無助的受害者。
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1．People ______________ (對(duì)……感興趣) the new theory explaining how the rainforest adjusts to the climate.
答案：get interested in
2．Having done the experiment for two weeks, they finally ________________ (得出結(jié)論).
答案：drew a conclusion
3．After finishing my homework, I read the newly borrowed book and ________________ the stories.
完成作業(yè)后，我讀了新借的書，并且沉浸在故事中。
答案：was deeply absorbed in
4．________________________________________________________________________
他練習(xí)書法(calligraphy)已經(jīng)三年了。(expose ... to ... )
答案：He has been exposed to practicing calligraphy for three years.
5．______________________________________________________________
好的家風(fēng)有助于塑造人的品質(zhì)，對(duì)構(gòu)建和諧繁榮的社會(huì)有很大貢獻(xiàn)。
答案：Good family rules help build people's character, which contributes a lot to a harmonious and prosperous society.
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2019·湖南省三湘名校教育聯(lián)盟高三第一次大聯(lián)考)During an interview, Professor Hawking warned that AI (人工智能) will soon reach a level __1__ it will be a “new form of life that will perform __2__ (well) than humans”. Professor Hawking even went so far as to say that AI may replace humans altogether, __3__ he didn't state exactly a timeline for his forecast. He said：“I fear that AI may replace humans altogether. If people design computer viruses, someone will design AI that improves and copies __4__ (it). This will be a new form of life that outperforms humans.”
During __5__ interview, Professor Hawking also urged more people to take an interest in science, __6__ (say) that there would be “serious consequence” if this didn't happen. He said that a new space programme should __7__ (develop), adding human may have to turn to other suitable planets for habitation __8__ (eventual). He said：“I believe we have reached the point of no return. Our Earth is becoming too small for us, global population is increasing at a __9__ (surprise) rate and we are in danger of self-destructing.”
This isn't the first time that Hawking __10__ (express) fears about the rise of AI. In October last year, he warned that artificial intelligence could develop a will of its own that is in conflict with that of humanity.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述霍金接受采訪時(shí)認(rèn)為人工智能的發(fā)展和崛起對(duì)人類造成威脅因而表示出對(duì)人類未來的擔(dān)憂。霍金宣稱機(jī)器人的進(jìn)化速度可能比人類更快，一旦機(jī)器人達(dá)到能夠自我進(jìn)化的關(guān)鍵階段，我們無法預(yù)測(cè)它們的目標(biāo)是否還與人類相同。
1．where　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句中“it will be a ‘new form of life that will perform __2__ (well) than humans’”是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾表示抽象地點(diǎn)的先行詞a level，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以填關(guān)系副詞where。
2．better　考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)“than humans”可知，這里應(yīng)該使用副詞的比較級(jí)，所以填better。
3．but　考查連詞。句意：但是，他沒有準(zhǔn)確地說明他所預(yù)測(cè)的時(shí)間線。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以填but。
4．itself　考查代詞。句意：如果有人設(shè)計(jì)了電腦病毒，有人就會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)能提高和復(fù)制它自己的人工智能。此處表示“它自己”，所以填itself。
5．the　考查冠詞。特指“這次采訪”，用定冠詞，所以填the。
6．saying　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。Professor Hawking和say之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，所以填saying。
7．be developed　考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。a new space programme與develop之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以填be developed。
8．eventually　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)用副詞，所以填eventually。
9．surprising　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：地球?qū)τ谖覀儊碚f，太小了，全球人口以一種令人吃驚的速度增長(zhǎng)，我們處于一種自我毀滅的危險(xiǎn)中。-ed形容詞修飾人，-ing形容詞修飾物，這里修飾rate，所以填surprising。
10．has expressed　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。This is the first (second ... ) time that是一個(gè)固定句型，主句使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以填has expressed。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell in the sky, nearly hitting him on his head. He was greatly frightening by the unexpected incident. Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. What dangerous it was!
Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living highly in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame for. Every one of us should behave politely and think more about other. Only when we each behaved properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one.
答案：
One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell the sky, nearly hitting him on head. He was greatly by the unexpected incident. the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. dangerous it was!
Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame . Every one of us should behave politely and think more about . Only when we each properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第二處：his→the　考查冠詞?！皠?dòng)詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體部位”為固定用法，此處表示“幾乎擊中了他的頭部”。
第四處：Dropped→Dropping　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語he與drop之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。
第九處：other→others　考查代詞。other為形容詞“其他的”；others為代詞，意為“其他人或物”。

課時(shí)作業(yè)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018·浙江高考)We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __1__ to have too much time?
I __2__ back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also __3__ a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it __4__.
When I got into college, things __5__. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this __6__ time, there was no sense of __7__ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a __8__. Once that happened, I just kept __9__ my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was __10__ really late at night to get my work done.
One day I __11__ a former classmate of mine who was __12__ a lot of money running a sideline (副業(yè)). Since his regular job was __13__， I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would __14__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in __15__. He said that if he __16__ the job, he would lose his __17__ to work and succeed.
So, try __18__ your time with other work. This is why there is a __19__ that if you want something done, ask a __20__ person to do it.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在大學(xué)里習(xí)慣拖延，直到他遇見了一位經(jīng)營(yíng)副業(yè)很成功的同學(xué)，這位同學(xué)的經(jīng)歷使作者明白有時(shí)候擁有太多的時(shí)間不見得是件好事。
1．A.true B．fair
C．strange D．possible
答案：D　根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，此處指時(shí)間比金錢更珍貴，但可能擁有太多的時(shí)間嗎？D項(xiàng)意為“可能存在(或發(fā)生)的”，符合語境。故選D。
2．A.remember B．a(chǎn)dmit
C．understand D．expect
答案：A　根據(jù)“I __2__ back in high school”可知，此處指作者記得他高中時(shí)候的事情。A項(xiàng)意為“記得”，符合語境。故選A。
3．A.watched B．loved
C．coached D．played
答案：D　根據(jù)下文中的“By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework”可知，因?yàn)閰⒓恿藞F(tuán)體運(yùn)動(dòng)，作者回家后只有幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間來做功課。D項(xiàng)意為“參加(比賽或運(yùn)動(dòng))”，符合語境。故選D。
4．A.at last B．right away
C．of course D．a(chǎn)s usual
答案：B　根據(jù)上文中的“I only had a few hours to do my homework”可知，因?yàn)榛丶液笾挥袔讉€(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)，所以作者不得不立刻開始做。B項(xiàng)意為“立刻”，符合語境。故選B。
5．A.happened B．repeated
C．changed D．mattered
答案：C　根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合下文中的“there was no sense of __7__ to do my school work immediately.”可知，此處指當(dāng)作者上大學(xué)時(shí)，覺得沒必要馬上做功課，因而情況發(fā)生了變化。故選C。
6．A.extra B．difficult
C．valuable D．limited
答案：A　根據(jù)上文中的“found myself out of class before noon time”可知，此處指作者突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有了許多額外的時(shí)間。A項(xiàng)意為“額外的”，符合語境。故選A。
7．A.duty B．a(chǎn)chievement
C．urgency D．direction
答案：C　根據(jù)語境可知，因?yàn)橛辛嗽S多額外的時(shí)間，所以作者也不用著急寫作業(yè)了。C項(xiàng)意為“緊急”，sense of urgency意為“緊迫感”，符合語境。故選C。
8．A.burden B．relief
C．risk D．habit
答案：D　根據(jù)下文“Once that happened, I just kept __9__ my studying further and further back in my day.”可知，此處指時(shí)間一長(zhǎng)，作者已經(jīng)將拖延變成了一種習(xí)慣。故選D。
9．A.pushing B．taking
C．setting D．calling
答案：A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者一再拖延自己的學(xué)習(xí)。push sth. back “推遲，延遲”，符合語境。故選A。
10．A.hanging out B．staying up
C．jogging round D．showing off
答案：B　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合“I was __10__ really late at night to get my work done.”可知，因?yàn)榱?xí)慣了拖延，所以作者后來就必須熬夜完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。B項(xiàng)意為“熬夜”，符合語境。故選B。
11．A.met B．helped
C．treated D．hired
答案：A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者遇見了以前的一個(gè)同學(xué)。故選A。
12．A.raising B．wasting
C．demanding D．making
答案：D　根據(jù)“who was __12__ a lot of money running a sideline (副業(yè))．”以及下文中的“succeed”可知，此處指作者的這位同學(xué)經(jīng)營(yíng)副業(yè)賺了很多錢。make money“賺錢”，符合語境。故選D。
13．A.safe B．important
C．boring D．rewarding
答案：C　根據(jù)“Since his regular job was __13__， I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time.”可知，此處指作者認(rèn)為既然他的固定工作很無聊，為什么不辭掉工作專門經(jīng)營(yíng)副業(yè)呢？C項(xiàng)意為“無聊的”，符合語境。故選C。
14．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hopefully D．simply
答案：D　根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句中的“He said without the job ...”可知，如果沒有那份固定工作，他有的就僅僅是太多的時(shí)間。D項(xiàng)意為“僅僅，不過”，符合語境。故選D。
15．A.childhood B．college
C．town D．business
答案：B　根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，作者的同學(xué)認(rèn)為如果有太多的時(shí)間，他就會(huì)像作者在大學(xué)時(shí)一樣荒廢時(shí)間。故選B。
16．A.quit B．found
C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．kept
答案：A　根據(jù)上文中的“He said without the job”和該句中的“l(fā)ose”可知，此處指如果他辭職。quit the job “辭職”，符合語境。故選A。
17．A.heart B．chance
C．drive D．way
答案：C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者的同學(xué)認(rèn)為如果他辭職，他就會(huì)失去工作和成功的干勁。C項(xiàng)意為“干勁，精力”，符合語境。故選C。
18．A.saving B．filling up
C．giving up D．trading
答案：B　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，此處指用其他的工作來填充你的時(shí)間。B項(xiàng)意為“填充”，符合語境。故選B。
19．A.message B．story
C．saying D．fact
答案：C　根據(jù)下文中的“if you want something done, ask a __20__ person to do it”可知，這是一個(gè)諺語。故選C。
20．A.careful B．busy
C．reliable D．kind
答案：B　通讀全文可知，過多的時(shí)間并不一定是一件好事，反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致時(shí)光的荒廢和拖延，所以此處指如果你想做某事，那就找個(gè)忙碌的人去做吧。故選B。
Ⅱ.閱讀理解

(2020·廣西柳州市高三上學(xué)期摸底考試)Dr Nancy Roman, born in 1925, who was celebrated as a pioneer for female scientists and had advanced the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, died on Dec. 25, 2018.
When Nancy Roman asked for permission to take a second algebra (代數(shù)) course in high school, a teacher demanded to know “what lady would take mathematics instead of Latin”. In college, a professor admitted that he often tried to prevent women from majoring in physics but Nancy stuck to it. And after receiving Doctor's degree in astronomy, she found a professional home at NASA (美國(guó)宇航局). In 1959, Dr Roman became the first chief of astronomy at NASA headquarters, a role that made her one of the agency's first female leaders.
Dr Roman spent much of her career helping develop, fund and promote technology that would help scientists see more clearly beyond Earth's atmosphere. But her most well-known work was perhaps leading to design the Hubble Space Telescope, the first major telescope to be sent into space for the purpose of gathering photographs and data from the universe. She was, therefore, named as “the mother of Hubble”.
“She made it possible to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned，” said science historian Bob Zimmerman, “and her hard-nosed nature helped get the telescope built.”
The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired, but when it did, its photographs of the universe thrilled the world. “I am glad，” she once told Science, “I ignored the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國(guó)天文學(xué)家Nancy Roman傳奇的一生。文章旨在告訴我們堅(jiān)持自己的夢(mèng)想，你一定會(huì)成為你想成為的那個(gè)人！
1．What can we conclude from the teacher's reaction to Nancy Roman's application for taking a second algebra course?
A．The teacher doubted it.
B．The teacher didn't care about it.
C．The teacher accepted it at once.
D．The teacher was strongly against it.
答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知在中學(xué)時(shí)當(dāng)Nancy Roman請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)再參加代數(shù)課程時(shí)，一位老師要求知道“哪個(gè)女士會(huì)選擇數(shù)學(xué)而不是拉丁語？”可推知老師持懷疑的態(tài)度，故選A。
2．What was the most famous achievement of Nancy Roman's work?
A．She was one of the founders of NASA.
B．She proved the black hole really existed.
C．She was the first female astronomer in the world.
D．She led to design the Hubble Space Telescope.
答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也許是帶領(lǐng)設(shè)計(jì)哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡，這是第一個(gè)被送入太空的大型望遠(yuǎn)鏡，目的是從宇宙中收集照片和數(shù)據(jù)?！笨芍xD。
3．When did Dr Nancy Roman probably retire?
A．In 1969. B．In 1979.
C．In 1990. D．In 2000.
答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired”(這種望遠(yuǎn)鏡直到1990年才發(fā)射升空，在 Roman博士退休后的十多年)可推知選B。
4．What can we learn from Dr Nancy Roman's words in the last paragraph?
A．She was very proud of what she had done for the country.
B．She thought highly of the people who hadn't believed her.
C．She was delighted to have become an astronomer in spite of the prejudice on her.
D．She had hard-nosed nature and never cared about other people's opinions.
答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I ignored the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”(我不在乎那些告訴我不能成為天文學(xué)家的人。)可推知選C。

(2020·安徽六校教育研究會(huì)高三第一次素質(zhì)測(cè)試)Dr John Wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 until 1672. He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there. Wilkins believed that anything as Earth-like as the moon must have been created by God for living beings, and he was determined to meet them—despite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.
In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space was limited. Wilkins believed, like many 17th-century scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of Earth and the conditions in space, and that Earth's pull was due to magnetism (磁力). It was only reasonable, then, that Wilkins believed a two-wheeled horse-drawn battle car with wings with enough speed could lift high enough off the ground to break free of Earth's magnetic pull and reach the moon.
Then Wilkins moved on to more pressing issues with his remarkable ability to think of new ideas: How would travelers feed themselves during the journey? He theorized that the main cause of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the moon without being burdened by it would be able to be realized. There was some knowledge at that time about the fact that air gets thinner and colder the higher up you go, but he had a fix for that too, “moistened sponges (濕潤(rùn)的海綿) might help us against its thinness”．
By studying the way in which birds fly, which also happened to be part of the studies that led to planes and rockets centuries later, Wilkins put his theory to the test with the help of a colleague, Robert Hooke. Neither of the two ever recorded their attempts, but it's somewhat safe to say that it didn't work out. Hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope, in fact, since he was part of the team that discovered space was a place without oxygen.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了約翰·威爾金斯博士是一位自然哲學(xué)家，他瘋狂地想要登上月球，并為此在理論上做了很多準(zhǔn)備。
5．What do we know about Dr John Wilkins?
A．He dreamed of landing on the moon.
B．He wrote about people living on the moon.
C．He urged the public to know more about space.
D．He had a rich knowledge of space in the 1670s.
答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there.”可知，Dr John Wilkins夢(mèng)想著登上月球。故選A。
6．Which of the following might Wilkins agree with?
A．The air on the moon is not fit for human beings.
B．People don't need to eat things on the moon.
C．Earth's magnetism can be changed easily.
D．Oxygen doesn't exist in outer space.
答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句話可知，Wilkins認(rèn)為饑餓的原因與重力相反的行為有關(guān)，所以他同意人們不需要在不受重力影響的月球上吃東西。故選B。
7．What can be concluded from Paragraphs 2&3?
A．Wilkins had prepared a lot in theory.
B．Wilkins was ready for his moon-landing.
C．Wilkins made a great contribution to philosophy.
D．Wilkins was the greatest natural philosopher in history.
答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Wilkins提出的觀點(diǎn)以及第三段轉(zhuǎn)向更緊迫問題的研究可推知，Wilkins在理論上做了很多準(zhǔn)備。故選A。
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To honor a great scientist.
B．To encourage studies on outer space.
C．To introduce an early attempt of moon-landing.
D．To inform people of the knowledge about the universe.
答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)整篇文章可知，Wilkins對(duì)登月的執(zhí)著和向往以及他對(duì)登月所做的一系列研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以作者的目的是通過Wilkins介紹早期的登月嘗試。故選C。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
(2020·內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)奮斗中學(xué)高三月考)A photo on my desk always takes me back to the moment that I gave a talent show for foreign friend. In the picture, I can be seen delicate performing Erhu. When I introduced myself at English, the audience applauded encourage me. I was no longer nervous. I devoted myself whole heartedly to play. My performance was quite a success. Before the performance, an American was named Amy, who was of my age, sang the song God Is a Girl to me. We even make a deal that we would teach each other my mother tongues.
答案：
A photo on my desk always takes me back to the moment I gave a talent show for foreign . In the picture, I can be seen performing Erhu. When I introduced myself English, the audience applauded encourage me. I was no longer nervous. I devoted myself whole heartedly to . My performance was quite a success. the performance, an American named Amy, who was of my age, sang the song God Is a Girl to me. We even a deal that we would teach each other mother tongues.
1．that→when　考查定語從句。此處moment是先行詞，在后面的定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故把that改為when。
2．friend→friends　考查名詞。結(jié)合句意可知此處應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示外國(guó)的朋友們，故把friend改為friends。
3．delicate→delicately　考查副詞。此處是副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，故把delicate改為delicately。
4．a(chǎn)t→in　考查介詞。此處指用英語自我介紹。固定搭配：in＋語言，“用某種語言”，故把a(bǔ)t改為in。
5．a(chǎn)pplauded后加to　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，故在applauded后加to。
6．play→playing　考查固定搭配。固定搭配：devote ... to sth./doing sth.“致力于某事或做某事”，故把play改為playing。
7．Before→After　考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知，表演結(jié)束后，一個(gè)叫艾米的美國(guó)人給我唱了一首《上帝是女孩》，故把Before改為After。
8．去掉was　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中謂語動(dòng)詞是sang, named是過去分詞作后置定語修飾an American，故把was去掉。
9．make→made　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知這里指過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)，故把make改為made。
10．my→our　考查代詞。結(jié)合句意可知，此處指我和艾米兩個(gè)人的母語，故把my改為our。


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