議論文是英語中的重要文體，在每年的高考閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。
議論文就是說理性的文章，一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、提供充分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。議論文的寫法通常有以下三種形式：
寫法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我認(rèn)為……
寫法二：提出問題，分析問題，解決問題。
寫法三：論點(diǎn)，理由(證據(jù))，重申論點(diǎn)。
議論文的內(nèi)容涵蓋文化、歷史、文學(xué)、科學(xué)和教育等各個(gè)方面。在這類體裁的文章中把握好論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證很重要。此類體裁的文章中有關(guān)主旨大意和推理判斷的題目會(huì)較多，這也是得分比較難的題型。在閱讀這類文章的時(shí)候，我們要認(rèn)真把握作者的態(tài)度，領(lǐng)悟弦外之音，從而更好地依據(jù)文章的事實(shí)做出合理的推斷。
注意事項(xiàng)：
1. 避免讀得太快，做題靠印象和直覺。(要求每一道題回到原文去找答案)
2. 要先看題目，后讀文章。(與先讀文章，后看題目的比較)
高考材料閱讀方法：先通讀全文，重點(diǎn)讀首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略讀，再審題定位，比較選項(xiàng)，選出答案。要有把握文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)、中心句的能力。
3. 閱讀中需要特別注意并做記號(hào)的有：
(1)標(biāo)志類、指示類的信息。
①表示并列關(guān)系：and, als, cupled with等；
②表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, yet, hwever, by cntrast等；
= 3 \* GB3 ③表示因果關(guān)系：therefre, thereby, cnsequently, as a result等；
= 4 \* GB3 ④表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：in additin t, even, what’s mre, furthermre等；
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤表示重要性的詞：prime, abve all, first等。
以上關(guān)鍵詞有助于我們對(duì)文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。
(2)具有感情色彩、顯示作者態(tài)度的詞：blind盲目的(貶), excessively過分的(貶), bjective(客觀)等。
4. 常見問題：
(1)讀不懂怎么？
問題本身太空泛，應(yīng)該仔細(xì)分析問題到底在哪兒。首先要能意識(shí)到自身問題所在。
uncnscius incmpetent (無意識(shí)無能力)屬于問題認(rèn)知的第一階段；
cnscius incmpetent (有意識(shí)無能力)屬于問題認(rèn)知的第二階段；
cnscius cmpetent (有意識(shí)有能力)屬于問題認(rèn)知的第三階段；
uncnscius cmpetent (無意識(shí)有能力)屬于問題認(rèn)知的第四階段。
從認(rèn)知的第三階段達(dá)到第四階段，是一個(gè)反復(fù)熟練的過程。
(2)讀懂了文章之后還做錯(cuò)題怎么辦？
(3)做完了一遍不愿意看第二遍怎么辦？
(4)做題技巧用不上怎么辦？
能夠不由自主地按照正確的思路解題了，才表明我們正確掌握了這些技巧。
在課堂聽明白之后，還需要回去自己思考，針對(duì)自己的實(shí)際進(jìn)行分析，從而對(duì)癥下藥。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)
【命題分析】
議論說理類文章就是議論文，是高考閱讀理解題中一種較難的題目。議論說理類文章具有以下特點(diǎn)：
1. 題材多樣化、知識(shí)化，它包括社會(huì)科學(xué)的多種領(lǐng)域，以及和自然科學(xué)交叉學(xué)科，體現(xiàn)以人為本的特點(diǎn)。具體說來：
(1)一般按提出問題、分析問題、解決問題的方法寫作。作者一般從日常生活中的熱點(diǎn)問題、社會(huì)上的重大問題、與讀者息息相關(guān)的問題入手，即提出問題。然后，分析利弊，舉例說明，推理判斷，即分析問題。最后，闡述觀點(diǎn)，提出辦法，即解決問題。
(2)以作者的觀點(diǎn)或情感為核心，對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)推理等方面進(jìn)行考查。
(3)文章的主題一般是生活中的熱點(diǎn)問題、重大問題或與生活息息相關(guān)的問題等。
2. 側(cè)重考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章深層意義的理解。通常情況下，深層理解題占多數(shù)，這就要求學(xué)生讀議論文時(shí)，不能僅限于對(duì)文章的表層理解，只抓一些事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，而且要注重對(duì)文章的意圖、作者的觀點(diǎn)以及內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系的審視。
3. 深層理解題的主要表現(xiàn)形式：
(1)主旨性題目：此類題常針對(duì)文章主題、中心思想、標(biāo)題或作者的寫作意圖，通常有以下提問方式：
a. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
b. The text is mainly abut _________.
c. Frm the passage we knw that _________.
d. The main idea f the paragraph is _________.
e. The writer’s purpse f writing this text is _________.
f. The passage culd be titled _________.
g. The passage deals with _________.
h. What’s the subject discussed in the text?
(2)推理判斷題：此題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系的把握，通常有以下出題方式：
a. 回答對(duì)why和hw的提問。
b. Accrding t the text, which f the statements is true/wrng?
c. Frm the text, we can infer that _________.
d. Where can this text be selected frm?
e. What can yu imagine will be dealt with/written in the fllwing passage?
f. 以短語accrding t the writer f the text或 in the writer’s pinin等引出的其他問題。
(3)詞義猜測(cè)題：判斷詞義的詞可能有四種情況，一是詞未學(xué)過，二是詞已學(xué)過，但在該篇中不是已學(xué)過的詞義，三是某個(gè)代詞it或them在文中指代什么，四是某句話的意思。
【應(yīng)試策略】
議論文體閱讀理解題的應(yīng)對(duì)策略
解答議論類閱讀理解試題，可以從以下幾個(gè)方面著手考慮：
作者在開始敘述一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，然后對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋。這類文章的主題是文中最重要的解釋或作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的解釋，閱讀時(shí)要注意作者給出的原因，所以又被稱為原因—結(jié)果(Cause & Effect)型。還有一種比較常見的是問題—答案型，作者在一開始或一段末以問句提出一個(gè)問題(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)現(xiàn)象)，然后給出該問題的答案(相當(dāng)于解釋)。針對(duì)文中問題給出的主要答案就是這種文章的中心。
這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，答題時(shí)優(yōu)先考慮正面答題(直接從文章內(nèi)容得出答案)，然后從中心、態(tài)度或利用解答特征等其他角度對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)；如果從文章內(nèi)容中直接無法解決，則從中心和態(tài)度方面考慮；次之，從解答特征方面考慮。
考生往往最怕此類體裁。山窮水盡時(shí)，記?。菏紫葟恼w上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，靠近中心的就是答案。
解題方法：
1. 把握文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。此外，還要把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語言。
2. 互推法：在議論之后，總會(huì)再列舉一些具體的例子來支持觀點(diǎn)或在一些例子之后，總要抒發(fā)一些議論?？忌诶斫庾h論時(shí)，可以借助文中所給的實(shí)例，從而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的議論；或從議論中推理理解具體例子的深刻含義，相互推斷。
3. 推理法：推理的結(jié)論一定是原文有這層意思，但沒有明確表達(dá)的。推理要根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇、段落和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，各個(gè)信息所暗示和隱含的意義，作者的隱含意等對(duì)文章進(jìn)行推理判斷?？忌晌淖值谋韺有畔⑼诰虺鑫恼碌纳顚雍x，要能透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)。
二、解題技巧
歷年全國高考英語閱讀理解的題型無非基本都是考查主旨大意、詞義猜測(cè)、推理判斷和細(xì)節(jié)理解四大題型。其中，命題以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，又兼顧詞義猜測(cè)題和主旨大意題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題主要考查的是對(duì)原文具體細(xì)節(jié)的理解和把控能力，難度相對(duì)較小，廣大考生除了平時(shí)必要的閱讀量和詞匯量的積累以外，掌握一定的解題技巧對(duì)解答閱讀理解題來說也是至關(guān)重要的。具體說來：
1. 主旨大意型
干擾項(xiàng) 可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。
干擾項(xiàng) 可能是從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。
干擾項(xiàng) 可能是非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。
正確答案 根據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。
主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力。根據(jù)多年的備考及高考實(shí)踐，這類題目考查的范圍是：基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。
選擇＂主題＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所讀文章的主要內(nèi)容或主旨，通常用詞、短語或句子來概括。常見的提問方式有：
1. What is the main / general idea f this text?
2. What is mainly discussed in this passage?
3. What is the text mainly abut?
4. This text mainly tells us _________.
5. This passage mainly deals with _________.
6. The main idea f this passage may be best expressed as_________.
7. The tpic f this passage is _________.
標(biāo)題選擇題則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。通常標(biāo)題由一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語充當(dāng)，用詞簡(jiǎn)短、精練。常見的提問方式有：
1. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
2. Which f the fllwing is the best / mst suitable title fr this text?
3. The best / mst suitable title fr this text wuld be __________.
不管是選擇＂主題＂還是選擇＂標(biāo)題＂，實(shí)質(zhì)上都是要求考生從整體上理解語篇內(nèi)容，找出貫穿語篇的主線；不管是何種體裁的文章，都是圍繞一個(gè)主題來展開的。在試題設(shè)計(jì)上，3個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要內(nèi)容，需要注意甄別。
2. 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型
細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中某些細(xì)節(jié)或重要事實(shí)的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語意理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要考生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。
做此類題時(shí)可以使用定位法與跳讀法。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子(即定位)，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析(尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換)，從而選出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關(guān)的句子(有時(shí)可能是幾個(gè)句子)或段落，然后進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單分析、推理等，從而找出正確答案。
(1)解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。
文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)問題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。
提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what, wh, which, where, hw, why 等。
在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)的問題常有以下幾種命題方式：
= 1 \* GB3 ①Which f the fllwing statements is true?
= 2 \* GB3 ②Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in the text?
= 3 \* GB3 ③The authr (r the passage) states that __________.
= 4 \* GB3 ④Accrding t the passage, when (where, why, hw, wh, what, which, etc.) __________?
(2)干擾項(xiàng)：范圍過大、過??；偷換概念；正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的。
閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)理解題的干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置有以下幾個(gè)原則：
= 1 \* GB3 ①包含項(xiàng)原則
在答案選項(xiàng)分析中，假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)其他三項(xiàng) (或其中某一項(xiàng))的理解，那么我們就說選項(xiàng)A與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在＂花＂與＂玫瑰＂兩選項(xiàng)中，正確答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。
= 2 \* GB3 ②正反項(xiàng)原則
所謂正反項(xiàng)，是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個(gè)相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng)，那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng)，正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。
= 3 \* GB3 ③委婉項(xiàng)原則
所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達(dá)，如：prbably, pssibly, may, usually, might, mst f, mre r less, relatively, be likely t, nt necessary, althugh, yet, in additin, tend t等等，而含有絕對(duì)語氣的表達(dá)往往不是正確答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, nly, cmpletely, nne, hardly, already等等。
= 4 \* GB3 ④同形項(xiàng)原則
命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍，然后通過語言形式的細(xì)微變化來考查考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)中有正確答案的存在。
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則
議論文中，那些符合一般常識(shí)、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥因果項(xiàng)原則
閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進(jìn)行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而，在推理題的選項(xiàng)中，有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理過頭(止于后果)，這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則啟示我們：假如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中的其中之一。如果因項(xiàng)可產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結(jié)果，那么答案就是因；如果果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)原因，那么答案就是果。
解題方法：原文定位法。
查讀法：(1)帶著問題找答案，把注意力集中在與wh, what, when, where問題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)上。
(2)細(xì)心!
3. 詞義猜測(cè)型
閱讀理解的測(cè)試中經(jīng)常有猜測(cè)詞、短語、習(xí)語、句子意義的題目，近幾年高考閱讀中詞義猜測(cè)題的考查方法呈多樣化，其中根據(jù)上下文語境推測(cè)詞義將會(huì)越來越多。有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語，后文接著會(huì)出現(xiàn)其定義、解釋或例子，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。
除此之外，我們還可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but，hwever，therwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(hào)(；)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。還可以根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。俗話說，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。當(dāng)然了，這些詞、短語、習(xí)語要么是生詞，要么是熟詞新義，單靠平時(shí)積累是不夠的，還要掌握以下做題技巧。
(1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生)進(jìn)行判斷。
(2)根據(jù)文中的定義、事例、解釋猜生詞。用事例或解釋猜生詞；用重復(fù)解釋的信息猜生詞。
(3)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。
(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。根據(jù)上下句的連接詞如but，hwever，therwise等可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。
(5)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。俗話說，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。
(6)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。閱讀中有時(shí)出現(xiàn)新詞、難詞，后面跟著一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋。
(7)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和提示詞猜測(cè)詞義。分號(hào)還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義；破折號(hào)表示解釋說明。
常見的問題形式有：
(1)The wrd ＂…＂ in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase ＂…＂ suggests…
(3)Frm the passage, we can infer that the wrd/phrase /the sentence ＂…＂ is/refers t /means…
(4)The wrd ＂…＂ is clsest in meaning t …
常用應(yīng)對(duì)方法：
同義法：常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或r，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)詞義。
反義法：如ht and cld, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，互為反義的詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。
釋義法：對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(從句)、表語，甚至用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明。
此外，還有情景推斷法、代詞替代法等。
做題要領(lǐng)
(1)從文中找線索或信息詞；
(2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新詞的意思；
(3)根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞在特定句中的確切意思。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)
(4)要特別注意熟詞新意！
4. 推理判斷型
做題要領(lǐng)：既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章的隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作出正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度考慮而不是固守自己的看法。常見的命題方式有：
(1)The passage implies (暗示) that _________.
(2)We can cnclude (得出結(jié)論) frm the passage that _________.
(3)Which f the fllwing can be inferred (推論)?
(4)What is the tne (語氣) f the authr?
(5)What is the purpse (目的) f this passage?
(6)The passage is intended t _________.
(7)Where wuld this passage mst prbably appear?
題組一（2018年高考真題）
Passage1(2018·新課標(biāo)II卷，D)
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it’s awkward and challenging, r we think it’s annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it’s an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can’t frget that deep relatinships wuldn’t
even exist if it weren’t fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease(潤(rùn)滑劑) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. ＂Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin(互動(dòng)) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. ＂It’s nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactins with peripheral(邊緣的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.＂
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis f gd manners,＂ he says.
32. What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addictin t smartphnes.
B. Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.
C. Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.
D. Impatience with slw service.
33. What is imprtant fr successful small talk accrding t Carducci?
A. Shwing gd manners. B. Relating t ther peple.
C. Fcusing n a tpic. D. Making business deals.
34. What des the cffee-shp study suggest abut small talk?
A. It imprves family relatinships. B. It raises peple’s cnfidence.
C. It matters as much as a frmal talk. D. It makes peple feel gd.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cnversatin Cunts B. Ways f Making Small Talk
C. Benefits f Small Talk D. Uncmfrtable Silence
Passage2(2018·新課標(biāo)III卷，D)
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre is mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
I fund the pre-hlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate less-used things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金）(ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr).
Fr weeks, I've been thinking f bigger, deeper questins: Hw d we make it a habit fr them? And hw d we train urselves t help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my sn, Shepherd, determined t test my wn thery n this. I decided t play with him with nly ne ty fr as lng as it wuld keep his interest. I expected that ne ty wuld keep his attentin fr abut five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chse a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried t put it in his muth, he tried buncing it, rlling it, sitting n it, thrwing it. It was ttally, cmpletely enugh fr him. Befre I knew it an hur had passed and it was time t mve n t lunch.
We bth became absrbed in the simplicity f playing tgether. He had my full attentin and I had his. My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.
32. What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. The mre, the better. B. Enugh is enugh.
C. Mre mney, mre wrries. D. Earn mre and spend mre.
33. What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A. Saving up fr her hliday B. Raising mney fr a pr girl
C. Adding the mney t her fund D. Giving the mney t a sick mther
34. Why did the authr play the ball with Shepherd?
A. T try ut an ideaB. T shw a parent's lve
C. T train his attentinD. T help him start a hbby
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Take It r Leave It B. A Lessn frm Kids
C. Live Mre with Less D. The Pleasure f Giving
Passage3(2018·北京卷，D)
Preparing Cities fr Rbt Cars
The pssibility f self-driving rbt cars has ften seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away frm materializing in the real wrld. Well, the future is apparently nw. The Califrnia Department f Mtr Vehicles began giving permits in April fr cmpanies t test truly self-driving cars n public rads. The state als cleared the way fr cmpanies t sell r rent ut self-driving cars, and fr cmpanies t perate driverless taxi services. Califrnia, it shuld be nted, isn’t leading the way here. Cmpanies have been testing their vehicles in cities acrss the cuntry. It’s hard t predict when driverless cars will be everywhere n ur rads. But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated.
While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars(and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins(排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins. The arrival f driverless vehicles is a chance t make sure that thse vehicles are envirnmentally friendly and mre shared.
D we want t cpy — r even wrsen — the traffic f tday with driverless cars? Imagine a future where mst adults wn individual self-driving vehicles. They tlerate lng, slw jurneys t and frm wrk n packed highways because they can wrk, entertain themselves r sleep n the ride, which encurages urban spread. They take their driverless car t an appintment and set the empty vehicle t circle the building t avid paying fr parking. Instead f walking a few blcks t pick up a child r the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The cnvenience even leads fewer peple t take public transprt — an unwelcme side effect researchers have already fund in ride-hailing(叫車) services.
A study frm the University f Califrnia at Davis suggested that replacing petrl-pwered private cars wrldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems culd reduce carbn emissins frm transprtatin 80% and cut the cst f transprtatin infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) and peratins 40% by 2050. Fewer emissins and cheaper travel sund pretty appealing. The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues(責(zé)任與維護(hù)問題). But driverless car wnership culd increase as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy.
Plicymakers shuld start thinking nw abut hw t make sure the appearance f driverless vehicles desn’t extend the wrst aspects f the car-cntrlled transprtatin system we have tday. The cming technlgical advancement presents a chance fr cities and states t develp transprtatin systems designed t mve mre peple, and mre affrdably. The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.
47. Accrding t the authr, attentin shuld be paid t hw driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transprtatin-related prblems
B. prvide better services t custmers
C. cause damage t ur envirnment
D. make sme peple lse jbs
48. As fr driverless cars, what is the authr’s majr cncern?
A. Safety. B. Side effects.
C. Affrdability. D. Management.
49. What des the underlined wrd ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Emplyed. B. Replaced.
C. Shared. D. Reduced.
50. What is the authr’s attitude t the future f self-driving cars?
A. Dubtful. B. Psitive.
C. Disapprving. D. Sympathetic.
Passage4(2018·天津卷，D)
Give yurself a test. Which way is the wind blwing? Hw many kinds f wildflwers can be seen frm yur frnt dr? If yur awareness is as sharp as it culd be, yu’ll have n truble answering these questins.
Mst f us bserved much mre as children than we d as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascinatin, newness and wnder. Curisity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctins that were sharp t us as children becme unclear; we are numb(麻木的) t new stimulatin(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art f seeing the wrld arund us is quite simple, althugh it takes practice and requires breaking sme bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is t stp predicting what we are ging t see and feel befre it ccurs. This blcks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rcky Muntains with sme students, I mentined that we were ging t crss a muntain stream. The students began cmplaining abut hw cld it wuld be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almst knee-deep when they realized it was a ht spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cld water at first.
Anther blck t awareness is the bsessin(癡迷) many f us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers wh sptted a bird, immediately lked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crwned kinglet" and checked it ff. They n lnger paid attentin t the bird and never learned what it was ding.
The pressures f "time" and "destinatin" are further blcks t awareness. I encuntered many hikers wh were headed t a distant camp-grund with just enugh time t get there befre dark. It seldm ccurred t them t wander a bit, t take a mment t see what’s arund them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent n their destinatins.
Nature seems t unfld t peple wh watch and wait. Next time yu take a walk, n matter where it is, take in all the sights, sunds and sensatins. Wander in this frame f mind and yu will pen a new dimensin t yur life.
51. Accrding t Paragraph 2, cmpared with adults, children are mre _____________.
A. anxius t d wndersB. sensitive t thers’ feelings
C. likely t develp unpleasant habitsD. eager t explre the wrld arund them
52. What idea des the authr cnvey in Paragraph 3?
A. T avid jumping t cnclusins.B. T stp cmplaining all the time.
C. T fllw the teacher’s advice.D. T admit mistakes hnestly.
53. The bird watchers’ behavir shws that they ____________.
A. are very patient in their bservatin
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care nly abut the names f birds
D. questin the accuracy f the field guides
54. Why d the hikers take n ntice f the surrundings during the jurney?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive t them.
B. They fcus n arriving at the camp in time.
C. The frest in the dark is dangerus fr them.
D. They are keen t see rare birds at the destinatin.
55. In the passage, the authr intends t tell us we shuld __________.
A. fill ur senses t feel the wnders f the wrld
B. get rid f sme bad habits in ur daily life
C. pen ur mind t new things and ideas
D. try ur best t prtect nature
題組二（2017年高考真題）
Passage1(2017·天津卷，D)
I read smewhere that we spend a full third f ur lives waiting. But where are we ding all f this waiting, and what des it mean t an impatient sciety like urs? T understand the issue, let’s take a lk at three types f ＂waits＂.
The very purest frm f waiting is the Watched-Pt Wait. It is withut dubt the mst annying f all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is abslutely nthing yu can d while this is ging n but keep bth eyes fixed n the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away frm the bdy and wanders abut until the water runs ver the edge f the cunter and nt yur scks. This kind f wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cusin t the Watched-Pt Wait is the Frced Wait. This ne requires a bit f discipline. Prperly preparing packaged ndle sup requires a Frced Wait. Directins are very specific. ＂Bring three cups f water t bil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remve frm heat, let stand five minutes.＂ I have my dubts that anyne has actually fllwed the prcedures strictly. After all, Frced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the mst pwerful type f waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type f wait is unusual in that it is fr the mst part vluntary. Unlike the Frced Wait, which is als vluntary, waiting fr yur lucky break des nt necessarily mean that it will happen.
Turning ne’s life int a waiting game requires faith and hpe, and is strictly fr the ptimists amng us. On the surface it seems as ridiculus as fllwing the directins n sup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves thse wh are willing t d it. As lng as ne desn’t cme t rely n it, wishing fr a few gd things t happen never hurts anybdy.
We certainly d spend a gd deal f ur time waiting. The next time yu’re standing at the sink waiting fr it t fill while cking ndle sup that yu’ll have t eat until a large bag f cash falls ut f the sky, dn’t be desperate. Yu’re prbably just as busy as the next guy.
51. While ding a Watched-Pt Wait, we tend t ___________.
A. keep urselves busyB. get absent-minded
C. grw anxiusD. stay fcused
52. What is the difference between the Frced Wait and the Watched-Pt Wait?
A. The Frced Wait requires sme self-cntrl.
B. The Frced Wait makes peple passive.
C. The Watched-Pt Wait needs directins.
D. The Watched-Pt Wait engages bdy and brain.
53. What can we learn abut the Lucky-Break Wait?
A. It is less vluntary than the Frced Wait.
B. It desn’t always bring the desired result.
C. It is mre fruitful than the Frced Wait.
D. It desn’t give peple faith and hpe.
54. What des the authr advise us t d the next time we are waiting?
A. Take it seriusly.B. Dn’t rely n thers.
C. D smething else.D. Dn’t lse heart.
55. The authr supprts his view by _________.
A. explring varius causes f ＂waits＂
B. describing detailed prcesses f ＂waits＂
C. analyzing different categries f ＂waits＂
D. revealing frustrating cnsequences f ＂waits＂
Passage2(2017·浙江卷，B )
Getting less sleep has becme a bad habit fr mst American kids. Accrding t a new survey(調(diào)查) by the Natinal Sleep Fundatin, 51% f kids aged 10 t 18 g t bed at 10 pm r later n schl nights, even thugh they have t get up early. Last year the Fundatin reprted that nearly 60% f 7- t 12-year-lds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at schl.
Hw much sleep yu need depends a lt n yur age. Babies need a lt f rest: mst f them sleep abut 18 hurs a day! Adults need abut eight hurs. Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal(理想的). But the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey fund that 35% f 10- t 12-year-lds get nly seven r eight hurs. And guess what almst half f the surveyed kids said they d befre bedtime? Watch TV.
＂Mre children are ging t bed with TVs n, and there are mre pprtunities(機(jī)會(huì)) t stay awake, with mre hmewrk, the Internet and the phne,＂ says Dr. Mary Carskadn, a sleep researcher at Brwn University Medical Schl. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep. Other experts say part f the prblem is chemical. Changing levels f bdy chemicals called hrmnes nt nly make teenagers’ bdies develp adult characteristics, but als make it hard fr teenagers t fall asleep befre 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a prblem fr teenagers, sme schl districts have decided t start high schl classes later than they used t. Three years ag, schls in Edina, Minnesta, changed the start time frm 7:25 am t 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25. What is the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey n?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities t prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning prblems and lack f sleep.
26. Hw many hurs f sleep d 11-year-lds need every day?
A. 7 hurs. B. 8 hurs.
C. 10 hurs. D. 18 hurs.
27. Why d teenagers g t sleep late accrding t Carskadn?
A. They are affected by certain bdy chemicals.
B. They tend t d things that excite them.
C. They fllw their parents’ examples.
D. They dn’t need t g t schl early.
題組三（2016年高考真題）
Passage 1(2016·浙江，A)
＂Did yu hear what happened t Adam Last Friday?＂ Lindsey whispers t Tri.
With her eyes shining, Tri brags, ＂Yu bet I did, Sean tld me tw days ag.＂
Wh are Lindsey and Tri talking abut? It just happened t be yurs truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell yu that what they are saying is (a) nt nice and (b) nt even true. Still, Lindsey and Tri aren’t very different frm mst students here at Lintn High Schl, including me. Many f ur cnversatins are gssip(閑話). I have nticed three effects f gssip: it can hurt peple, it can give gssipers a strange kind f satisfactin, and it can cause scial pressures in a grup.
An imprtant negative effect f gssip is that it can hurt the persn being talked abut. Usually, gssip spreads infrmatin abut a tpic — breakups, truble at hme, even drpping ut — that a persn wuld rather keep secret. The mre embarrassing r shameful the secret is, the juicier the gssip it makes. Prbably the wrst type f gssip is the abslute lie. Peple ften think f gssipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we knw that gssip can be harmful, then why d s many f us d it? The answer lies in anther effect f gssip: the satisfactin it gives us. Sharing the latest rumr(傳言) can make a persn feel imprtant because he r she knws smething that thers dn’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumr can make a persn feel like part f the ＂in grup.＂ In ther wrds, gssip is satisfying because it gives peple a sense f belnging r even superirity(優(yōu)越感).
Gssip als can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspken rules abut hw peple shuld act. Prfessr David Wilsn explains that gssip is imprtant in plicing behavirs in a grup. Translated int high schl terms, this means that if everybdy yu hang arund with is laughing at what Jhn wre r what Jane said, then yu can bet that wearing r saying smething similar will get yu the same kind f negative attentin. The d’s and dn’ts cnveyed thrugh gssip will never shw up in any student handbk.
The effects f gssip vary depending n the situatin. The next time yu feel the urge t spread the latest news, thing abut why yu want t gssip and what effects yur ＂juicy stry＂ might have.
41. The authr uses a cnversatin at the beginning f the passage t __________.
A. intrduce a tpicB. present an argument
C. describe the charactersD. clarify his writing purpse
42. An imprtant negative effect f gssip is that it __________.
A. breaks up relatinshipsB. embarrasses the listener
C. spreads infrmatin arundD. causes unpleasant experiences
43. In the authr’s pinin, many peple like t gssip because it __________.
A. gives them a feeling f pleasure
B. helps them t make mre friends
C. makes them better at telling stries
D. enables them t meet imprtant peple
44. Prfessr David Wilsn thinks that gssip can __________.
A. prvide students with written rules
B. help peple watch their wn behavirs
C. frce schls t imprve student handbks
D. attract the plice’s attentin t grup behavirs
45. What advice des the authr give in the passage?
A. Never becme a gssiper.B. Stay away frm gssipers.
C. Dn’t let gssip turn int lies.D. Think twice befre yu gssip.
Passage 2 (2016·新課標(biāo)全國卷 = 3 \* ROMAN III，D)
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. N news is gd news, and gd news is n news. Thse are the classic rules fr the evening bradcasts and the mrning papers. But nw that infrmatin is being spread and mnitred(監(jiān)控) in different ways, researchers are discvering new rules. By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.
＂The ‘if it bleeds’ rule wrks fr mass media,＂ says Jnah Berger, a schlar at the University f Pennsylvania. ＂They want yur eyeballs and dn’t care hw yu’re feeling. But when yu share a stry with yur friends, yu care a lt mre hw they react. Yu dn’t want them t think f yu as a Debbie Dwner.＂
Researchers analyzing wrd-f-muth cmmunicatin — e-mails, Web psts and reviews, face-t-face cnversatins — fund that it tended t be mre psitive than negative(消極的), but that didn’t necessarily mean peple preferred psitive news. Was psitive news shared mre ften simply because peple experienced mre gd things than bad things? T test fr that pssibility, Dr. Berger lked at hw peple spread a particular set f news stries: thusands f articles n The New Yrk Times’ website. He and a Penn clleague analyzed the ＂mst e-mailed＂ list fr six mnths. One f his first findings was that articles in the science sectin were much mre likely t make the list than nn-science articles. He fund that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want t share this psitive feeling with thers.
Readers als tended t share articles that were exciting r funny, r that inspired negative feelings like anger r anxiety, but nt articles that left them merely sad. They needed t be arused(激發(fā)) ne way r the ther, and they preferred gd news t bad. The mre psitive an article, the mre likely it was t be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new bk, ＂Cntagius: Why Things Catch On.＂
32. What d the classic rules mentined in the text apply t?
A. News reprts.B. Research papers.
C. Private e-mails.D. Daily cnversatins.
33. What can we infer abut peple like Debbie Dwner?
A. They’re scially inactive.B. They’re gd at telling stries.
C. They’re incnsiderate f thers.D. They’re careful with their wrds.
34. Which tended t be the mst e-mailed accrding t Dr. Berger’s research?
A. Sprts news.B. Science articles.
C. Persnal accunts.D. Financial reviews.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Sad Stries Travel Far and Wide.
B. Online News Attracts Mre Peple.
C. Reading Habits Change with the Times.
D. Gd News Beats Bad n Scial Netwrks.
Passage 3(2016?北京卷)
Why Cllege Is Nt Hme
The cllege years are suppsed t be a time fr imprtant grwth in autnmy(自主性) and the develpment f adult identity. Hwever, nw they are becming an extended perid f adlescence, during which many f tday’s students and are nt shuldered with adult respnsibilities.
Fr previus generatins, cllege was a decisive break frm parental cntrl; guidance and supprt needed t cme frm peple f the same age and frm within. In the past tw decades, hwever, cntinued cnnectin with and dependence n family, thanks t cell phnes, email and scial media, have increased significantly. Sme parents g s far as t help with cursewrk. Instead f prmting the idea f cllege as a passage frm the shelter f the family t autnmy and adult respnsibility, universities have given in t the idea that they shuld prvide the same envirnment as that f the hme.
T prepare fr increased autnmy and respnsibility, cllege needs t be a time f explratin and experimentatin. This prcess invlves ＂trying n＂ new ways f thinking abut neself bther intellectually(在思維方面) and persnally. While we shuld prvide ＂safe spaces＂ within clleges, we must als make it safe t express pinins and challenge majrity views. Intellectual grwth and flexibility are fstered by strict debate and questining.
Learning t deal with the scial wrld is equally imprtant. Because a cllege cmmunity(群體) differs frm the family, many students will struggle t find a sense f belnging. If students rely n administratrs t regulate their scial behavir and thinking pattern, they are nt facing the challenge f finding an identity within a larger and cmplex cmmunity.
Mrever, the tendency fr universities t mnitr and shape student behavir runs up against anther characteristic f yung adults: the respnse t being cntrlled by their elders. If acceptable scial behavir is t strictly defined(規(guī)定) and cntrlled, the insensitive r aggressive behavir that administratrs are seeking t minimize may actually be encuraged.
It is nt surprising that yung peple are likely t burst ut, particularly when there are reasns t d s. Our generatin nce jined hands and std firm at times f natinal emergency. What is lacking tday is the cnflict between adlescent’s desire fr autnmy and their understanding f an unsafe wrld. Therefre, there is the desire fr their drms t be replacement hmes and nt places t experience intellectual grwth.
Every cllege discussin abut cmmunity values, scial climate and behavir shuld include recgnitin f the develpmental imprtance f student autnmy and self-regulatin, f the necessary tensin between safety and self-discvery.
67. What’s the authr’s attitude tward cntinued parental guidance t cllege students?
A. Sympathetic. B. Disapprving.C. Supprtive. D. Neutral.
68. The underlined wrd ＂passage＂ in Paragraph 2 means _________.
A. change B. chiceC. text D. extensin
69. Accrding t the authr, what rle shuld cllege play?
A. T develp a shared identity amng students.
B. T define and regulate students’ scial behavir.
C. T prvide a safe wrld withut tensin fr students.
D. T fster students’ intellectual and persnal develpment.
70. Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f ideas in the passage?
A. B. C. D.
I: Intrductin P: Pint Sp: Sub-pint(次要點(diǎn)) C: Cnclusin
Passage 4(2016?四川卷，B)
If yu culd have ne superpwer, what wuld it be?
Dreaming abut whether yu wuld want t read minds, see thrugh walls, r have superhuman strength may sund silly, but it actually gets t the heart f what really matters in yur life.
Every day in ur wrk, we are inspired by the peple we meet ding extrardinary things t imprve the wrld.
They have a different kind f superpwer that all f us pssess: the pwer t make a difference in the lives f thers.
We’re nt saying that everyne needs t cntribute their lives t the pr. Yur lives are busy enugh ding hmewrk, playing sprts, making friends, seeking after yur dreams. But we d think that yu can live a mre pwerful life when yu devte sme f yur time and energy t smething much larger than yurself. Find an issue yu are interested in and learn mre. Vlunteer r, if yu can, cntribute a little mney t a cause. Whatever yu d, dn’t be a bystander. Get invlved. Yu may have the pprtunity t make yur biggest difference when yu’re lder. But why nt start nw?
Our wn experience wrking tgether n health, develpment, and energy the last twenty years has been ne f the mst rewarding parts f ur lives. It has changed wh we are and cntinues t fuel ur ptimism abut hw much the lives f the prest peple will imprve in the years ahead.
24. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Yur life style.
B. Yur life value.
C. Yur truble in life.
D. Yur life experience.
25. Why des the authr say they are inspired every day?
A. They pssess different kinds f superpwers.
B. They have gt the pwer t change the wrld.
C. Sme peple arund them are making the wrld better.
D. There are many pwerful peple in their life and wrk.
26. What des the authr stress in Paragraph 5?
A. Learning mre and cntributing mre t a cause.
B. Rising abve self and acting t help thers.
C. Wrking hard t get a bigger pprtunity.
D. Trying yur best t help the pr.
27. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. The authr believes the lives f the prest will get better.
B. Much mre prgress will be made in the near future.
C. The wrk n health is the mst valuable experience.
D. Peple’s effrts have been materially rewarded.
題組四（名校模擬題）
Passage 1(黑龍江省哈爾濱市第三中學(xué)2019屆高三第二次調(diào)研考試)
Smene sent me an email urging me t acquire a lt mre resurces, suggesting culd d s much mre gd if I had an 8 r 9 figure net incme f 6 like I’ve been ding fr years.He claimed t have acquired a great deal f wealth himself and fund it highly beneficial t fueling his path with a heart.
As I cnsider his suggestin, I find myself nt having much clarity(清晰的思維)as t what I'd d with I millin r 10 millin mre mney flwing thrugh my life. I put s much attentin n creativity, fulfillment, explratin, relatinships, etc. that I find it difficult t intelligently imagine hw mre financial resurces culd prvide extra fuel fr that, except in small ways r in ways that aren’t particularly meaningful t me.
Lately I've been cnsidering what it wuld be like t deliberately reduce my incme fr a while and see if I culd live n much less，just fr the experience. What if I capped my net persnal incme at $10,000 per year, fr instance? That isn’t such a big deal t me, thugh, since I already went thrugh a perid f lw incme like that during the 1990s,and I learned that I culd still d what I lve regardless f incme.
I've never wrked in a business envirnment-the nly jb I've ever had was wrking fr $6/hur in a vide game stre while I was in cllege. S I’ve never seen hw larger peratins allcate resurces. That's prbably why I haven’t pushed myself t acquire mre. As I mentined in my bk. Mney and Yur Path With a Heart，my main financial gal in life was t make mney irrelevant in my life.
I’m nt interested in building an empire. What interests me is explring persnal grwth and sharing what I learn alng the way. In sme ways I feel that acquiring and acquiring and allcating mre resurces culd becme a big distractin. I’m already ding what I want t be ding, s why rick distracting myself t acquire mre resurces, especially when I lack the idea abut hw I shuld treat such resurces? I like having freedm and flexibility，and I dn't really see hw mre resurces wuld meaningfully imprve that.
1.Why did the man email the authr?
A. T ask the authr t fuel his path. B. T lend sme mney t the authr.
C. T share his pinin abut wealth. D. T urge the authr t earn mre mney.
2.Which f the fllwing can describe the authr's persnality?
A. Optimistic and devted. B. Independent and cperative.
C. Unfrtunate but psitive. D. Wealthy but hardhearted.
3.What des the underlined wrd “capped” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Limited B. Spent
C. Increased D. Distributed
4.The fllwing are true EXCEPTA________.
A. the authr might be a prfessinal writer
B. the authr is gd at designing vide games
C. the authr is interested in explring his persnal grwth
D. the authr might be a persn wh likes sharing his knwledge
Passage 2(福建省莆田第九中學(xué)2019屆高三調(diào)研考試)
Mre and mre cmments sectins are being shut dwn nline.
Autumn Phillips had had enugh. On Aug. 19, the executive editr f the Quad- City Times in Iwa, and Illinis, US visited her website, qctimes.cm, and saw a stry abut a man wh had been sht t death. When she gt t the readers’ cmments sectins at the end, she was shcked by what she saw. Belw the stry was a grwing number f cmments—a racist remark abut demcratic vtes, a negative cmment abut plice …S Phillips decided t d smething she had been thinking abut fr a lng time: she shut dwn the cmments sectins.
Phillips was nt alne in making such a mve. Last week, NPR annunced k t was clsing its nline cmments sectins. The decisins dn’t mean that the news utlets are n lnger interested in what their audiences are thinking. Bth stressed their eagerness t hear frm readers and listeners n scial netwrks. But bth agreed that cmments had deviated frm their riginal intentin. And s they had.
In early days f digital jurnalism, cmments were seen as a key part f this new media, a wnderful pprtunity fr strengthening the dialgue between news prducers and their audiences. It was a welcme change, given that fr lng many news rganizatins were far t separated frm their readers. Much mre back and frth cnversatin seemed like healthy and welcme evlutin. Sadly, that’s nt the way things turned ut. Rather than a place fr exchanging ideas, cmments sectins became the hme f ugly name-calling, racism and anti-wmen language. Besides their pisnus quality, cmments seem ut f place tday.
“Since we made the annuncement, I’ve received an utpuring f respnses frm ur readers,” she says. “I’ve heard frm parents whse children were hurt by ur nline cmments. I’ve heard frm peple wh said they wuldn’t send in letters t the editr because they were attacked s fiercely by cmments, and wasn’t wrth it.”
1.Why did Autumn Phillips shut dwn the cmments sectins?
A. They were put t wrng use.
B. Her website was attacked heavily.
C. They expsed many illegal issues.
D. She was angry abut readers’ cmments.
2.What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 indicate abut cmments?
A. They were ut f date.
B. They had gne against their riginal intentins.
C. They were full f sensitive infrmatin.
D. They culdn’t interest the audience.
3.What was the welcme change in the early digital jurnalism?
A. Readers, having mre access t news.
B. Readers’ making less negative cmments.
C. Readers’ freedm t express their thughts.
D. Readers’ active invlvement in the news industry.
4.Hw d many readers feel abut Autumn Phillips, mve accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Cautius. B. Hpeful.
C. Surprised. D. Supprtive.
Passage 3(2017屆天津市和平區(qū)高三三模 )
There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the wrld tday, s it’s nt nly necessary, but als essential t have a gd sense f humr just t help us g thrugh difficult times in ut lives. Putting a smile n smene’s face when yu knw they are feeling depressed, as the saying ges, makes me feel gd and warms my heart.
Hw wuld yu feel if yu culd nt jke arund with wife, husband, child, c-wrker, neighbr, clse friend, r even just smene that yu are standing in line with at yur crner stre? I am always saying things that make thers smile r laugh, even if I dn’t knw the persn I’m jking arund with. My Grandma always fund humr in everything she did, even if it was the hardest jb anyne culd imagine. This nt nly relieves stress in any situatin, but als is a cmmn manner t speak t thers that are arund yu.
I knw f a few peple that dn’t have a funny bne in their bdies, as they say. Everyne arund them culd be rlling n the flr after hearing a great jke and they wuld sit there withut the slightest smile n their faces. They dn’t get the jke that makes thers laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, lking at me as if I were frm uter space. Hw can peple nt get a really funny jke?
Laughing is essential t keep yur stress levels under cntrl. Withut humr, we wuld find urselves with a lt f psychlgical prblems, r n a lt f medicatins t keep us frm ging crazy. There is t much sadness and bring a little light int ur lives.
Therefre, I believe ur best medicine is t get tgether and tell sme jkes and have sme fun laughing tgether.
1.Accrding t the passage, humr is necessary and essential because ______.
A.it can pick up peple’s spirit
B.it can help peple get n well with thers
C.it can help get rid f the cruelty in the wrld
D.it makes peple mre cnfident
2.The authr answers the questining the secnd paragraph with _______.
A. facts and descriptinsB. evidence and argument
C. examples and cnclusinD. stries and persuasin
3.The underlined phrase ＂busting a gut＂ in the third paragraph can replaced by ________.
A. keeping silentB. speaking lud
C. laughing hardD. explaining carefully
4.In writing the passage, the authr mainly intends t ________.
A. talk abut his wn understanding f humr
B. encurage peple t be humrus in daily life
C. intrduce a practical way t get thrugh daily life
D. cnvince peple f the pwer f being ptimistic abut life
5.What is the authr’s attitude twards the present wrld?
A. IndifferentB. Psitive
C. SatisfiedD. Critical
Passage 4(2017屆河北省衡水中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第三次摸底考試 )
Parents play an imprtant rle in determining the educatinal success f their children. Their expectatins fr hw well their children d at schl and the envirnment at hme are imprtant determinants f achievement. Family influence is great in helping a child t realize academic accmplishment.
Children wh live in hmes in which the parents are academically successful, nce they becme parents, ften feel that their jb is t prepare their children t d likewise in schl. They take their kids n vacatin, but they spend time learning abut lcal histry at museums. They als may ensure that their kids have time t study and understand the imprtance f schl attendance. Schl is a pririty fr these families, and children wh live in them grw up with a fcus n learning.
Parents wh have high academic expectatins and thse wh adpt a mre authritarian parenting style fr their children ften have children wh d well in schl. Hwever, it can be dangerus t set expectatins t high, such that a child feels verly pressured t perfrm. These types f expectatins shuld be balanced with thse that relate directly t the child, s that they will be able t persnally set and reach gals, wrk hard and t enjy being curius.
Parents wh supprt their children in their academic wrk als psitively influence their perfrmance. This takes different frms fr families. Sme parents might help with hmewrk, r vlunteer at schl. Others prvide a quiet study space, a cnsistent bedtime r a psitive example f hard wrk and discipline. Hw parents shw supprt fr their child's academic career varies by family and by culture. N matter hw it is shwn, it is a vital part f a child's academic success t knw their parents are behind their effrts.
A lve f reading in a husehld can als psitively affect a child's academic attainment. Learning new vcabulary, and hw t predict, understand and respnd t a text are just sme f the skills children can learn at hme that are imprtant in an academic envirnment. Reading bks, newspapers, magazines and websites with children n a regular basis sets them up fr success at schl.
1.Accrding t the text, parents have an imprtant effect n children's .
A. family lifeB. next generatin
C. academic achievementD. expectatins f their jbs
2.What may a family with academically successful parents put first?
A. Family travel.B. Attending schl.
C. Histric knwledge.D. Ging t museums.
3.Hw may academically successful parents influence their children's academic achievement?
A. They can ffer help t their children in different ways.
B. They may ask teachers t their huses t teach.
C. They put great pressure n their children.
D. They ask their children t slve prblems alne.
4.What culd be the best title fr the text?
A. Hw t imprve the relatin in a family
B. Benefits f academically successful parents
C. What parents can d t help their children
D. Family influence n children's academic achievement
題組一
Passage1
【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)合或沉迷于智能手機(jī)，或與不舒服的沉默抗?fàn)帲吧酥g缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是需要適當(dāng)?shù)慕徽勯e聊的，閑聊是人際關(guān)系社會(huì)交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好處。
33.B 【解析】推理判斷題。題干問得是對(duì)于Carducci來說，成功的閑聊中重要的是什么。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them”（成功閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)習(xí)如何與他們交流，而不僅僅是與他們溝通。）由此推斷C符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為：表現(xiàn)出良好的禮貌。B項(xiàng)意為：與他人有關(guān)的。C項(xiàng)意為：專注于一個(gè)話題。D項(xiàng)意為：做商業(yè)交易。故選B項(xiàng)。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)
34.D 【解析】推理判斷題。題干問的是：咖啡店的研究對(duì)閑聊有什么建議。根據(jù)第四段的調(diào)查結(jié)果可知，那些與服務(wù)員聊天的人，有顯著的積極情緒和更好的咖啡店體驗(yàn)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為：閑聊改善了家庭關(guān)系。B項(xiàng)意為：閑聊提高了人們的信心。C項(xiàng)意為：閑聊和正式談話一樣重要。D項(xiàng)意為：閑聊讓人感覺很好。故選D項(xiàng)。
35.C 【解析】主旨大意題。整篇文章剛開始介紹了社會(huì)的現(xiàn)象（公共場(chǎng)合人們沉迷于智能手機(jī)，陌生人之間缺乏溝通交流），接著分析了這一問題的原因，接下來有專家對(duì)閑聊進(jìn)行了研究，最后得出結(jié)論，閑聊都有什么樣的好處。A項(xiàng)意為：談話很重要。B項(xiàng)意為：閑聊的方法。C項(xiàng)意為：閑聊的好處。D項(xiàng)意為：不舒服的沉默。故選C項(xiàng)。
Passage 2
【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。文章講述作者引導(dǎo)孩子主動(dòng)捐獻(xiàn)玩具，并從玩耍簡(jiǎn)單玩具中獲得快樂的做法。
32.A 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句…I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less可以推斷出，人們通常認(rèn)為越多越好。故選A。
34.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是為了測(cè)試自己的一種想法是否可行。故選A。
35.C 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，作者想要教會(huì)孩子hw t live mre with less，而二三段是作者的嘗試，故C作標(biāo)題適合。
Passage 3
【文章大意】本文為議論文。文章主要討論有關(guān)無人駕駛汽車的發(fā)展前景和面臨的問題。
47.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars(and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins(排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins. 可知，政策制定者應(yīng)該討論無人駕駛車怎么幫助削減交通阻塞，減少尾氣排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行選擇，由此可見人們應(yīng)該多關(guān)注無人駕駛車怎么幫助處理與交通有關(guān)的問題。故選A。
48.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated. 可知，不管花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)都有可能改變我們的交通系統(tǒng)和我們的城市，不管是好是壞，這取決于如何這種轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)绾伪灰?guī)范，再根據(jù)文章最后一句話The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it. 可知，我們需要為其做好計(jì)劃，故作者的主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)是對(duì)這種轉(zhuǎn)變的管理規(guī)范，故選D。
49.A 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues(責(zé)任與維護(hù)問題). 可知，鑒于自主駕駛的費(fèi)用以及責(zé)任和維護(hù)問題，無人駕駛車幾乎可以肯定將會(huì)被打車服務(wù)使用。故劃線詞是“被應(yīng)用”的意思。A. Emplyed被應(yīng)用；B. Replaced被取代；C. Shared被分享；D. Reduced被減少。故選A。
Passage 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。我們有多久沒有仔細(xì)觀察我們周圍的世界了。作者通過此文要告訴我們：放慢腳步，帶著我們所有的感官來感受周圍世界的奇妙。
51.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Mst f us bserved much mre as children than we d as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascinatin, newness and wnder.可知，與成人相比較，孩子觀察得更多，孩子的一天充滿了魔力、新奇和驚奇。從而可以推斷出孩子更急于探索他們周圍的世界。故選D。
52.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段作者敘述在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚，作者和學(xué)生徒步旅行穿過一條小溪的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，結(jié)果事實(shí)上那是一個(gè)溫泉。作者舉這樣一個(gè)事例是為了向讀者傳遞這樣的觀念：避免過早下結(jié)論。故選A。
53.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段全段及首句Anther blck t awareness is the bsessin(癡迷) many f us have with naming things.可知，鳥觀察者發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥后只關(guān)心鳥的名字，并不關(guān)心它在做什么。故選C。
54.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段I encuntered many hikers wh were headed t a distant camp-grund with just enugh time t get there befre dark. It seldm ccurred t them t wander a bit, t take a mment t see what’s arund them.可知，徒步旅行者只關(guān)心能夠及時(shí)到達(dá)目的地，而很少關(guān)心周圍的事物。故選B。
55.A 【解析】推理判斷題。文章作者想要通過此文要告訴我們：大自然只展現(xiàn)給那些善于觀察和等待的人，帶著我們所有的感官來感受周圍世界的奇妙吧。故選A。
題組二
Passage1
【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。文章主要通過介紹三種不同種類的等待來論述我們花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間來等待而且說明作者自己的觀點(diǎn)，即充滿希望和信念地等待。
52.A 【解析】根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，尤其是This ne requires a bit f discipline. 及After all, Frced Waiting requires patience. 可知選A。
53.B 【解析】根據(jù)第四段的句子Unlike the Frced Wait, which is als vluntary, waiting fr yur lucky break des nt necessarily mean that it will happen.可知選B。
54.D 【解析】根據(jù)最后一段第二句可以判斷出下次當(dāng)我們等待的時(shí)候作者建議我們不要灰心、絕望。故選D。
55.C 【解析】通讀全文可以知道，作者通過二、三、四段列舉了三種類型的等待，所以判斷出作者是通過分析不同種類的等待來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)的。故選C。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文屬于議論文，首先用數(shù)據(jù)告訴我們美國孩子的睡眠狀況堪憂，接著告訴我們孩子在不同年齡段需要的睡眠時(shí)間不同，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介紹了一些學(xué)校為了讓孩子們有更多的睡眠時(shí)間而推遲了上課的時(shí)間。
25.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文中第一段列舉了一些數(shù)據(jù)，向我們說明美國有51%的10到18歲的孩子上床睡覺的時(shí)間偏晚，也調(diào)查了60%的7到12歲的孩子在白天感到疲憊，15%的孩子會(huì)在學(xué)校睡著，所以這些調(diào)查都是關(guān)于美國孩子的睡眠習(xí)慣的，故選A。
26.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段＂Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal＂可知11歲正在上學(xué)的小孩子的理想睡眠時(shí)間是10個(gè)小時(shí)，故選C。
27.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段＂She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep＂可知她認(rèn)為孩子們睡覺晚的原因是他們會(huì)在睡前做一些讓他們興奮的活動(dòng)，故選B。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
本文屬于議論類短文，所考查的三道題均為細(xì)節(jié)題中的直接理解題。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要事實(shí)的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要學(xué)生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。
在閱讀中可以使用定位法與跳讀法解決直接理解題。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子(即定位)，然后和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較和分析(尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換)，從而找出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關(guān)的句子(有時(shí)可能是幾個(gè)句子)或段落，然后進(jìn)行分析和推理等找出正確答案。
以本文26題為例，我們根據(jù)題干中＂Hw many hurs f sleep d 11-year-lds need every day＂(11歲的孩子每天需要多少小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間)直接定位到第二段第四句Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal(理想的)，由此可知上學(xué)的孩子的理想睡眠時(shí)間是10個(gè)小時(shí)，故選擇C項(xiàng)。
題組三
Passage 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了傳言的危害和人們?yōu)槭裁聪矚g傳閑話。
43.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的The answer lies in anther effect f gssip: the satisfactin it gives us可知人們散播傳言是因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)給他們帶來滿足感，故選A。
44.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段中的Prfessr David Wilsn explains that gssip is imprtant in plicing behavirs in a grup可知他認(rèn)為傳言能幫助人們監(jiān)督、觀察自身的行為，故選B。
45.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的The next time yu feel the urge t spread the latest news, think abut why yu want t gssip and what effects yur ＂juicy stry＂ might have可知作者的建議是讓人們?cè)趥鏖e話之前三思而后行。故選D。
Passage 2
【文章大意】人們常說＂沒有消息就是最好的消息＂。類似的傳統(tǒng)說法只適合于大眾媒體，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)普及的時(shí)代，好消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的傳播速度比壞消息要快很多。
32.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的＂The ‘if it bleeds’ rule wrks fr mass media＂可知，像＂it bleeds＂這樣的傳統(tǒng)說法適用于大眾媒體，故選A。
34.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的＂articles in the science sectin were much mre likely t make the list than nn-science articles＂可知，科技類的文章比非科技類的更有可能被人們討論，故選B。
35.D 【解析】標(biāo)題選擇題。根據(jù)第一段中的＂By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.＂可知，好消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播得更快，影響更深遠(yuǎn)，說明文章主要講的是好消息通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳播，故選D。
Passage 3
【文章大意】大學(xué)并不是溫暖的家，也不能成為學(xué)生的家。大學(xué)時(shí)期應(yīng)該是培養(yǎng)自主性和自我同一性的重要時(shí)期，大學(xué)是孩子脫離父母控制的決定性時(shí)期，因此，學(xué)校不應(yīng)該成為像家庭一樣讓孩子依賴的地方。
67.B 【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段＂The cllege years are suppsed t be a time fr imprtant grwth in autnmy(自主性) and the develpment f adult identity. Hwever...＂可知，作者認(rèn)為，大學(xué)不應(yīng)該成為孩子們依賴的＂家＂，說明作者不贊成父母繼續(xù)指導(dǎo)上大學(xué)的孩子，故選B。
68.A 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)＂frm the shelter f the family t autnmy and adult respnsibility＂可知，從受家庭的庇護(hù)到有自主性和肩負(fù)成年人的責(zé)任，這是一種轉(zhuǎn)變、變化，故選A。
69.D 【解析】推理判斷題。每個(gè)人的個(gè)性都是不同的，排除A；根據(jù)第四段＂If students rely n administratrs t regulate their scial behavir and thinking pattern, they are nt facing...＂可知，作者不贊成大學(xué)管理者約束學(xué)生的社會(huì)行為，排除B；大學(xué)不應(yīng)該是一個(gè)無憂無慮的場(chǎng)所，排除C；大學(xué)應(yīng)該是獲得知識(shí)和促進(jìn)學(xué)生成長(zhǎng)的地方，故選D。
70.C 【解析】篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第四段＂Learning t deal with the scial wrld is equally imprtant.＂中的＂equally imprtant＂和第五段的＂Mrever＂可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要論點(diǎn)，故選C。
Passage 4
【文章大意】本文以虛擬語氣的問句形式開頭，鼓勵(lì)人們奉獻(xiàn)自己的一些時(shí)間和精力去幫助別人，那么窮人的生活將會(huì)變得更好。
24.B 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。此處是說，夢(mèng)想著能讀懂別人心思，看穿墻，或者擁有超能力，這些可能聽起來很荒唐，但是實(shí)際上它是你生活的價(jià)值的核心。故選B。
26.B 【解析】推理判斷題。綜合第五段內(nèi)容可知，作者想要告訴我們，提升自己，行動(dòng)起來幫助別人。故選B。
27.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，它已經(jīng)改變了我們是誰，并將在以后的這些年里繼續(xù)點(diǎn)燃我們對(duì)改善窮人生活的樂觀情緒。故選A。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)
題組四
Passage 1
【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講了若擁有百倍于現(xiàn)在的資源，你會(huì)如何提升個(gè)人生活？
1.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Smene sent me an email urging me t acquire a lt mre resurces, suggesting culd d s much mre gd if I had an 8 r 9 figure net incme f 6 like I’ve been ding fr years.可知，有人給我發(fā)了封郵件，力勸我獲得更多財(cái)富資源，故選D。
2.A 【解析】推理判斷題。第三段談到最近我一直在考慮，如果有意減少個(gè)人收入一段時(shí)間，會(huì)是什么樣子。我只想經(jīng)歷這種體驗(yàn)?？醋约耗芊裨谑杖肷俚那闆r下好好生活。比如把個(gè)人年收入減少到1萬美元，自己將如何生活。不過這對(duì)我來說也不算什么問題。因?yàn)樵谏鲜兰o(jì)90年代，我有過一段這種低收入生活時(shí)期，而且我已經(jīng)學(xué)到，不管收入如何，仍舊可以做自己喜愛的事情。由此可推斷出作者是一位樂觀且專注的人，故選A。
3.A 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的That isn’t such a big deal t me, thugh, since I already went thrugh a perid f lw incme like that during the 1990s（在上世紀(jì)90年代，我有過一段這種低收入生活時(shí)期），由此推斷出What if I capped my net persnal incme at $10,000 per year,fr instance?意思是把個(gè)人年收入減少到1萬美元?！癱apped”意思是限定，A. Limited限定；B. Spent花費(fèi)；C. Increased增長(zhǎng)；D. Distributed分布，故選A。
4.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段As I mentined in my bk.可推知作者可能是一名作家，故A選項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)最后一段What interests me is explring persnal grwth and sharing what I learn alng the way.可知真正令作者感興趣的是探索個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，并與人一路分享自己所學(xué)，由此可知C和D正確，故選B。
Passage 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述的是“越來越多的評(píng)論部分在網(wǎng)上被關(guān)閉。”
2.B 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中The decisins dn’t mean that the news utlets are n lnger interested in what their audiences are thinking. Bth stressed their eagerness t hear frm readers and listeners n scial netwrks. But bth agreed that cmments had deviated frm their riginal intentin. 這些決定并不意味著新聞媒體不再對(duì)他們的聽眾的想法感興趣。兩人都強(qiáng)調(diào)，他們渴望在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上聽到讀者和聽眾的聲音。但雙方都認(rèn)為，評(píng)論偏離了他們最初的意圖。由此推知?jiǎng)澗€句子的意思是“他們違背了他們最初的意圖?！惫蔬xB。
3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中In early days f digital jurnalism, cmments were seen as a key part f this new media, a wnderful pprtunity fr strengthening the dialgue between news prducers and their audiences. It was a welcme change, given that fr lng many news rganizatins were far t separated frm their readers.可知，在早期的數(shù)字新聞中，讀者積極參與新聞行業(yè)是受歡迎的改變。故選D。
4.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“I’ve heard frm parents whse children were hurt by ur nline cmments. I’ve heard frm peple wh said they wuldn’t send in letters t the editr because they were attacked s fiercely by cmments, and wasn’t wrth it.”可知，根據(jù)最后一段許多讀者對(duì)Autumn Phillips是支持的。故選D。
Passage3
【文章大意】文章說明了在今天的世界仍然存在著殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、戰(zhàn)斗和悲傷。我們不僅僅需要更有必要有幽默感幫助我們克服困難時(shí)期。
1.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中＂Laughing is essential t keep yur stress levels under cntrl. Withut humr, we wuld find urselves with a lt f psychlgical prblems, r n a lt f medicatins t keep us frm ging crazy.＂可知，笑是控制壓力的關(guān)鍵。沒有幽默感就會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多心理問題。故選A。
2.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中內(nèi)容可知，作者經(jīng)常和周圍的人開玩笑，說笑話，認(rèn)為這不僅緩解了任何情況下的壓力，而且也是與周圍的人交談的一種常見方式。作者描寫第二段用了舉例和總結(jié)的方式。故選C。
4.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段＂Therefre, I believe ur best medicine is t get tgether and tell sme jkes and have sme fun laughing tgether.＂可知，＂我＂相信我們提高情緒最好的＂藥物＂是聚在一起講一些笑話，一起開懷大笑。故選B。
5.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中＂There is t much sadness and bring a little light int ur lives.＂可知，如今的世界有太多的悲傷。所以，作者對(duì)目前的世界持有批判的態(tài)度。故選D。
Passage4
【文章大意】本文敘述了家庭影響在幫助孩子獲得學(xué)業(yè)成功方面起著重要的作用。學(xué)業(yè)成功的家長(zhǎng)重視孩子的教育，但是不要設(shè)置過高的目標(biāo)，在學(xué)業(yè)上支持孩子的父母也影響這他們的表現(xiàn)，家庭的閱讀愛好也積極地影響著一個(gè)孩子的學(xué)術(shù)素養(yǎng)。
1.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Family influence is great in helping a child t realize academic accmplishment.可知，家庭影響有助于孩子學(xué)業(yè)的成功。故選C。
2.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Schl is a pririty fr these families, and children wh live in them grw up with a fcus n learning.可知，對(duì)于這些家庭來說，學(xué)校是一個(gè)優(yōu)先考慮的問題，而生活在這樣的家庭了中的孩子長(zhǎng)大后就會(huì)專注于學(xué)習(xí)。故選B。
3.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段二、三兩句They take their kids n vacatin, but they spend time learning abut lcal histry at museums. They als may ensure that their kids have time t study and understand the imprtance f schl attendance.可知，學(xué)業(yè)成功的父母帶孩子去度假，花費(fèi)時(shí)間去博物館了解歷史，確保孩子有時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，理解上學(xué)的重要性。因此推斷學(xué)業(yè)成功的父母用不同的方法幫助孩子。故選A。
4.D 【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要講述家庭對(duì)孩子學(xué)習(xí)的重大影響，學(xué)業(yè)成功的父母重視學(xué)習(xí)，從各個(gè)方面給孩子提供幫助，支持孩子學(xué)習(xí)，家庭的閱讀愛好也對(duì)孩子的學(xué)習(xí)起著積極地作用。因此推斷D項(xiàng)＂家庭對(duì)孩子學(xué)業(yè)成功的影響＂為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。

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