議論文是一種通過剖析事物或論述事理來提出主張或發(fā)表見解的文體。議論文分為兩種,一種是夾敘夾議型,另一種是純議論型。
議論文是一種剖析事理、論述事物、發(fā)表見解或提出主張的說理性文章。議論文的目的不僅是客觀地解釋事物,還力圖說服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。議論文是高考完形填空題中較難的一種體裁,它一般由三個(gè)要素組成:論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。做好這類題的關(guān)鍵在于要抓住作者的論點(diǎn)。
議論文中對(duì)于論點(diǎn)的提出通常有三種形式:
1. 開門見山,直接提出論點(diǎn)
在有些議論文中作者開頭就提出論點(diǎn),通過論證,最后提出自己的看法,或提出另一個(gè)話題供大家討論。一般來說,這種形式的議論文作者態(tài)度明確,我們也能很容易地把握作者對(duì)某一件事的看法。
2. 導(dǎo)入式提出論點(diǎn)
在有些議論文中,作者并不是直接提出自己的觀點(diǎn),而是通過對(duì)某一現(xiàn)象的論述來贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)某一事物,進(jìn)而提出自己的觀點(diǎn),然后再用具體的論據(jù)去證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。
3. 水到渠成式得出結(jié)論
在有些議論文中作者開頭只是列舉一系列生活中的現(xiàn)象,而不是表明自己的觀點(diǎn),通過對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象的分析,最后自然得出結(jié)論,而此結(jié)論就是文章的論點(diǎn)。
議論文形式的完形填空不像記敘文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此,我們對(duì)整個(gè)文章的把握相對(duì)來說也難得多。解答這類題要遵循下列原則:
1. 從首尾句入手,抓住中心
議論文的寫作思路一般為:提出問題→分析問題→解決問題。因此,文章的第一、二句話通常為文章的主題句,而文章的結(jié)尾句常為文章的結(jié)論。由此可見,我們必須充分利用文章的首尾句,推測(cè)出文章的中心,從而理解全文。
2. 緊扣信息詞,把握作者觀點(diǎn)
考生要弄清文章的行文邏輯,如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、指代關(guān)系等。有時(shí)文章的第一、二段并不是作者的觀點(diǎn),而是對(duì)某個(gè)事物的介紹或描述,然后用信息詞,如but,hwever,yet等將自己的觀點(diǎn)引出,因此,閱讀時(shí)一定要特別留意這些信息詞。
3. 從語境入手,確定邏輯關(guān)系
句與句之間總要反映出因果、假設(shè)、條件、類推等邏輯關(guān)系。這些邏輯關(guān)系常常通過n the ne hand, n the ther hand, as a result, as a cnsequence, n the cntrary, abve all, first f all, secndly, finally, in case等單詞或短語表達(dá)出來。但有時(shí)作者并不使用這些單詞或短語,而是將邏輯關(guān)系暗含于文章中,這就需要考生根據(jù)語境來確定邏輯關(guān)系。
4. 理清文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論
如果我們連論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論都沒把握住的話,只能是漫無目的地選擇答案了。一般說來,能說明論點(diǎn)的答案可以在論據(jù)里得到印證,且作為論點(diǎn)的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,使論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相輔相承,從而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾,論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相悖,最后的結(jié)論與論點(diǎn)自相矛盾,那就說明我們對(duì)文章的把握缺乏條理性和系統(tǒng)性,我們就需重新來理順文章的各部分,直到條理清楚為止,然后再根據(jù)自己對(duì)文章的把握及各部分的邏輯關(guān)系選出答案。
It’s bth a strength and weakness f human nature that we’re never satisfied fr lng. Whatever we have, wherever we are, mst f us want mre and better things. When we 1 mney r pwer, ur 2 can turn int the greed that crush ur happiness and ambitin.
But in many ther areas f ur life, ur 3 fr mre and better things can be a very 4 thing. Fr example, in business we shuld 5 struggle fr imprvement and innvatin. Similarly, when we 6 the quality f ur educatinal r health care systems, gvernment hnesty r efficiency, r the general state f scial justice, we shuld never be 7 .
Even in ur persnal lives, we shuld 8 fr better relatinships by imprving cmmunicatin skills and rganizing ur lives better. And there’s nthing wrng with 9 a better jb, ne that’s mre intellectually challenging, emtinally 10 , financially wrthwhile, and scially significant.
T live and enjy a gd life, we need t find a healthy 11 between wanting mre things and 12 what we have. Yu see, what we have is wrthy f 13 and appreciatin, even 14 we try hard fr mre.
Nt being satisfied desn’t have t be the same as being dissatisfied. 15 is a negative state f mind. It’s a 16 f unhappiness. Thus it’s imprtant t find a 17 place between satisfactin and dissatisfactin. That place can be the state f pleasure 18 by true appreciatin f what ne has and the ability t 19 it.
In the develpment f gd, better, and best, better and best are superir 20 gd. But gd is still gd. Enugh can be gd.
1. A. respnded tB. reminded fC. fcused nD. wn back
2. A. anxietyB. greedC. shynessD. aim
3. A. satisfactinB. preferenceC. regretD. desire
4. A. funnyB. terribleC. strangeD. gd
5. A. cntinuallyB. wiselyC. slightlyD. rughly
6. A. assessB. maintainC. reduceD. affect
7. A. embarrassedB. cnfusedC. satisfiedD. discuraged
8. A. prepareB. striveC. applyD. wait
9. A. givingB. quittingC. dingD. wanting
10. A. rewardingB. frighteningC. disturbingD. disgusting
11. A. cnnectinB. differenceC. balanceD. cmparisn
12. A. cntributingB. appreciatingC. rejectingD. gathering
13. A. cnsideratinB. prtectinC. cllectinD. gratitude
14. A. asB. ifC. becauseD. until
15. A. CmplaintB. AngerC. DissatisfactinD. Selfishness
16. A. varietyB. shapeC. definitinD. frm
17. A. cmfrtableB. quietC. beautifulD. distant
18. A. markedB. signedC. apprvedD. displayed
19. A. prtectB. setC. streD. enjy
20. A. withB. atC. tD. fr
【答案解析】
3. D 【解析】根據(jù)第一段中提到的"want mre and better things"可知,此處是指人們對(duì)更多更好的東西的渴望。
4. D 【解析】根據(jù)下面的例子可知,此處表示有的時(shí)候人們渴望更多更好的東西是一件非常好的事情。
5. A 【解析】根據(jù)后面的"struggle fr imprvement and innvatin"可知,在商業(yè)上,我們應(yīng)該持續(xù)不斷地爭取改進(jìn)和創(chuàng)新。
6. A 【解析】根據(jù)后面的"the quality f ur educatinal r health care systems, gvernment hnesty r efficiency"可知,此處表示當(dāng)我們?cè)u(píng)估教育制度或醫(yī)療(服務(wù))體系的優(yōu)劣、政府的誠信或效率等的時(shí)候,我們從來不會(huì)滿足。
7. C 【解析】與上文中的"desire fr mre and better things"呼應(yīng),此處指我們從來不會(huì)滿足。
8. B 【解析】根據(jù)上文中的"struggle fr imprvement and innvatin"可知這里表示爭取更好的關(guān)系。
9. D 【解析】結(jié)合上文中的"mst f us want mre and better things"可知此處應(yīng)用wanting。
10. A 【解析】該空所填詞應(yīng)與前后信息保持一致,即與"intellectually challenging"和"financially wrthwhile"保持一致,rewarding意為"有益的",因此選A。
11. C 【解析】根據(jù)前面的"T live and enjy a gd life"可知此處表示要想過好生活,我們應(yīng)該在想要更多的東西和感激現(xiàn)有的東西之間找到一個(gè)平衡。
12. B 【解析】與前面的"wanting mre things"形成對(duì)比,此處指感激、珍惜現(xiàn)有的東西。
13. D 【解析】與后面的"and appreciatin"呼應(yīng),此處指我們現(xiàn)在擁有的東西值得我們感激。
14. A 【解析】as在這里表示"當(dāng)……時(shí)"。此處表示甚至在我們努力爭取更多的時(shí)候,我們也要感激現(xiàn)在擁有的東西。
15. C 【解析】根據(jù)下文中的"between satisfactin and dissatisfactin"可知答案為C。
16. D 【解析】這里指不滿足是不幸福的一種形式。
17. A 【解析】此處指作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該在滿足和不滿足之間找到一個(gè)合適的地方。
18. A 【解析】根據(jù)空格前后的信息可知,此處指以真正感激現(xiàn)在擁有的東西為標(biāo)志,故選A。
19. D 【解析】根據(jù)前面的"appreciatin"可知這里表示能夠享有這些東西的能力。
20. C 【解析】be superir t是一個(gè)固定詞組,意為"優(yōu)于/高于……"。
題組一(高考真題)
Clze 1(2015·福建卷)
One f the easiest things in the wrld is t becme a fault-finder. Hwever, life can be 1 when yu are nt busy finding fault with it.
Several years ag I 2 a letter frm seventeen-year-ld Kerry, wh described herself as a wrld-class fault-finder, almst always 3 by things. Peple were always ding things that annyed her, and 4 was ever gd enugh. She was highly self-critical and als fund fault with her friends. She became a really 5 persn.
Unfrtunately, it tk a hrrible accident t change her 6 . Her best friend was seriusly hurt in a car crash. What made it almst 7 t deal with was that the day befre the 8 , Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whle time criticizing her 9 f byfriends, the way she was living, the way she related t her mther, and varius ther things she felt she needed t 10 . It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit f finding fault. Very quickly, she learned t appreciate life rather than t 12 everything s harshly(刻薄). She was able t transfer her new wisdm t ther parts f her 13 as well.
Perhaps mst f us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 14 when we’re hnest, we can be sharply 15 f the wrld. I’m nt suggesting yu 16 prblems, r that yu pretend things are 17 than they are, but simply that yu learn t allw things t be as they are — 18 mst f the time, and especially when it’s nt a really big 19 .
Train yurself t "bite yur tngue", and with a little 20 , yu’ll get really gd at letting things g. And when yu d, yu’ll get back yur enthusiasm and lve fr life.
1. A. lnelyB. greatC. quietD. uneasy
2. A. receivedB. answeredC. expectedD. rejected
3. A. threatenedB. interruptedC. btheredD. spiled
4. A. anythingB. everythingC. smethingD. nthing
5. A. caringB. bringC. interestingD. surprising
6. A. attitudeB. planC. measureD. explanatin
7. A. urgentB. unnecessaryC. certainD. impssible
8. A. ccasinB. eventC. accidentD. adventure
9. A. memryB. nticeC. evidenceD. chice
10. A. hearB. cntributeC. expressD. admit
11. A. aware fB. afraid fC. curius abutD. cnfused abut
12. A. discussB. realizeC. judgeD. settle
13. A. familyB. lifeC. careerD. educatin
14. A. sB. rC. butD. fr
15. A. prudB. sureC. hpefulD. critical
16. A. faceB. createC. slveD. ignre
17. A. rarerB. betterC. strangerD. wrse
18. A.at leastB.at lastC.by farD.s far
19. A. taskB. dealC. resultD. duty
20. A. practiceB. speechC. restD. pity
Clze 2 (2014·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)
As a general rule, all frms f activity lead t bredm when they are perfrmed n a rutine (常規(guī)) basis. As a matter f fact, we can see this 1 at wrk in peple f all 2 .Fr example, n Christmas mrning, children are excited abut 3 with their new tys. But their 4 sn wears ff and by January thse 5 tys can be fund put away in the basement. The wrld is full f 6 stamp albums and unfinished mdels, each standing as a mnument t smene’s 7 interest. When parents bring hme a pet, their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a shrt time, hwever, the 9 f caring fr the animal is handed ver t the parents. Adlescents enter high schl with great 10 but are sn lking frward t 11 .The same is true f the yung adults ging t cllege. And then, hw many 12 , wh nw cmplain (抱怨) abut the lng drives t wrk, 13 drve fr hurs at a time when they first 14 their driver’s licenses(執(zhí)照)?Befre peple retire, they usually 15 t d a lt f 16 things, which they never had 17 t d while wrking. But 18 after retirement, the glfing, the fishing, the reading and all f the ther pastimes becme as bring as the jbs they 19 .And, like the child in January, they g searching fr new 20 .
1. A. principleB. habitC. wayD. pwer
2. A. partiesB. racesC. cuntriesD. ages
3. A. wrkingB. livingC. playingD. ging
4. A. cnfidenceB. interestC. anxietyD. srrw
5. A. sameB. extraC. funnyD. expensive
6. A. well-rganizedB. clrfully-printedC. newly-cllectedD. half-filled
7. A. bradB. passingC. differentD. main
8. A. silentlyB. impatientlyC. gladlyD. wrriedly
9. A. prmiseB. burdenC. rightD. game
10. A. curageB. calmnessC. cnfusinD. excitement
11. A. graduatinB. independenceC. respnsibilityD. success
12. A. childrenB. studentsC. adultsD. retirees
13. A. carefullyB. eagerlyC. nervuslyD. bravely
14. A. requiredB. btainedC. nticedD. discvered
15. A. needB. learnC. startD. plan
16. A. greatB. strangeC. difficultD. crrect
17. A. timeB. mneyC. skillsD. knwledge
18. A. nlyB. wellC. evenD. sn
19. A. lstB. chseC. leftD. quit
20. A. petsB. tysC. friendsD. clleagues
題組二(2017年名校模擬題)
Clze 1(2017屆江西省宜春市奉新縣第一中學(xué)等四校高三聯(lián)考)
What is time? Is it a thing t be saved r 1 r wasted, like mney? Or is it smething we have n cntrl 2 , like the weather? Is time the same all ver the wrld? That's an easy questin, yu say. 3 yu g, a minute is 60 secnds, an hur is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hurs, and s frth. Well, maybe. But in America, time is 4 that. Americans see time as a valuable 5 . Maybe that's why they are 6 f the expressin, "Time is mney. "
T Americans, punctuality is a way f shwing 7 fr ther peple's time. Being mre than 10 minutes late t an appintment usually 8 an aplgy, and maybe an explanatin. Peple 9 are running late ften call ahead t let thers knw f the 10 . Of curse, the less frmal the situatin, the less imprtant it is t be exactly 11 . At infrmal get-tgethers, 12 , peple ften arrive as much as 30 minutes past the 13 time. But they usually dn't try that at wrk.
American lifestyles shw 14 peple respect the time f thers. When peple plan an event, they ften 15 the time days r weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almst a(n) 16 t change it. If peple want t cme t yur huse fr a friendly visit, they will usually 17 first t make sure it is cnvenient. Only very clse friends will just 18 unannunced. Als, peple hesitate t call thers late at night fr fear they 19 be in bed. The time may vary, but mst flks think 20 abut calling after 10:00 p. m.
1. A. bughtB. ignredC. spentD. killed
2. A. verB. inC. withD. fr
3. A. HweverB. WheneverC. WhateverD. Wherever
4. A. less thanB. n mre thanC. nt mre thanD. mre than
5. A. resurceB. materialC. surceD. factr
6. A. shrtB. fndC. crazyD. enthusiastic
7. A. preferenceB. mercyC. respectD. hatred
8. A. calls frB. arises frmC. makes frD. results frm
9. A. whmB. whichC. whD. whse
10. A. timeB. resultC. explanatinD. delay
11. A. in timeB. n timeC. ahead f timeD. ver time
12.A. such asB. in a wrdC. fr exampleD. as usual
13. A. assignedB. appintedC. apprvedD. assessed
14. A. hw manyB. hw farC. hw muchD. hw sn
15. A. setB. prepareC. useD. quit
16. A. emergencyB. pleasureC. peridD. emtin
17. A. writeB. claimC. infrmD. call
18. A. drp utB. drp byC. drp ffD. drp behind
19. A. mustB. mightC. needD. shall
20.A. firstB. lastC. nceD. twice
Clze 2(2017屆安徽省"皖南八校"高三聯(lián)考 )
Peple are always asking what the mst imprtant element t a healthy relatinship is. The 1 is there are many. But there is ne really imprtant thing that all great and healthy relatinships have in cmmn — 2 . Yes, f curse, there are sme little 3 lies even in the best f relatinships- 4 surprises r unexpected birthday parties-but the truth is that happy cuples cmmunicate hnestly and dn't 5 t prtect their wn interests. S hw can yu have mre pen 6 in yur wn relatinship?
First, remember that hnesty is the best plicy even 7 yur partner might nt like what yu have t say. Yes, it may be 8 t tell yur guy that yu dn't like ne f his friends. But Lying r hlding things 9 will make things wrse in the lng run.
The next thing t be 10 is t say what yu have t say 11 . If yur partner feels 12 ,he will be less 13 t what yu have t say and may even becme defensive. Yur delivery is f utmst imprtance when yu are discussing sensitive issues. Think thrugh what yu want t say 14 befre yu bring it up. Yu dn't want t 15 the persn that yu lve. Yu just want them t be 16 f the truth.
One last thing t keep in mind abut cmmunicating penly is that it enhances yur relatinship. If yu aren't hnest abut any dirty little 17 yu may have, they will prbably cme up eventually and 18 yu in the backside. And if yu keep things t yurself, yur relatinship will nt be based n the truth, which 19 a slid fundatin. Hard 20 the truth may be smetimes, hnesty really is the best plicy.
1. A. phenmennB. truthC. theryD. evidence
2. A. hnestyB. enthusiasmC. cperatinD. persistence
3. A. redB. purpleC. whiteD. black
4. A. securityB. privilegeC. anniversaryD. ambitin
5. A. lieB. bargainC. cmplainD. interact
6. A. appreciatinB. reputatinC. selectinD. cmmunicatin
7. A. whyB. whenC. hwD. where
8. A. tughB. immediateC. cmplicatedD. plain
9. A. inB. nC. abveD. back
10. A. serius abutB. prud fC. expert atD. wrthy f
11. A. bviuslyB. rudelyC. nicelyD. smthly
12. A. puzzledB. attackedC. astnishedD. satisfied
13. A. creativeB. relativeC. sensitiveD. receptive
14. A. slightlyB. thrughlyC. frequentlyD. briefly
15. A. suspectB. cnvinceC. insultD. frighten
16. A. afraidB. awareC. ashamedD. capable
17. A. unifrmsB. secretsC. blanketsD. curts
18.A. trainB. cnsultC. understandD. bite
19. A. picks utB. turns nC. makes frD. cmes acrss
20. A. althughB. whileC. untilD. as
Passage 3(江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)贛中南五校高三第一次聯(lián)合適應(yīng)性考試)

Children and yung peple tend t have certain rle mdels – peple they want t be like when they grw 1 . Thugh 2 children wuld have wished t cpy their mther, father r a (n) 3 relative, gradually these rle mdels are thught f as famus peple r ppular 4 .
Peple have different pinins abut 5 ppular stars r ther famus peple are gd rle mdels fr children. Charming mdels, such as Katie Price, are ften admired and 6 by yung girls. This is the biggest wrry f parents and teachers. They wish t 7 the cncept that success is achieved thrugh hard wrk and 8 rather than an attractive lking.
Mst peple tend t grw up t be thse wh are 9 hme – their parents r family friends. Sme decide t be like their favrite teacher. A child wh lves t 10 may want t grw t be the next Picass r Van Ggh; Smene wh lves t 11 might imagine themselves as a famus writer; if a child enjys dancing, he r she 12 well admire a famus dancer, but this is nt the 13 . A lt f dance students wish t be like their 14 teacher.
Therefre, the jb f a teacher is 15 just prviding knwledge f a given subject. They shuld be able t 16 their students’ trust and 17 them well. Helping yungsters t learn frm mdels, t learn hw t accept 18 with grace and lsing with dignity, is central t any parent’s r teacher’s jb. Manners are very imprtant and a dance teacher can 19 his r her psitin and influence t 20 gd behavirs t yungsters.
1. A. yungerB. strngerC. lderD. taller
2. A. at firstB. at lastC. at leastD. at mst
3. A. generusB. humrusC. rdinaryD. favrite
4. A. fansB. singersC. starsD. dancers
5. A. thatB. whetherC. whyD. if
6. A. caught up withB. lked dwn upnC. thught highly fD. made fun f
7. A. hldB. encurageC. receiveD. ignre
8. A. luckB. effrtC. imaginatinD. creativity
9. A. similar tB. far frmC. clse tD. different frm
10. A. read and writeB. sing and danceC. draw and paintD. listen and speak
11. A. danceB. thinkC. singD. read
12. A. mayB. shuldC. mustD. need
13. A. caseB. trubleC. matterD. deal
14. A. artB. musicC. pianD. dance
15. A. better thanB. mre thanC. rather thanD. less than
16. A. acceptB. lseC. receiveD. gain
17. A. negtiate withB. cmmunicate withC. keep up withD. put up with
18. A. challengingB. failingC. winningD. falling
19. A. take charge fB. lse cntrl fC. get rid fD. make use f
20. A. intrduceB. pressC. turnD. push
題組一
Clze 1
【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。文章通過講述Kerry從一個(gè)吹毛求疵的人變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)學(xué)會(huì)感恩生活的人,告訴我們"要管好你的嘴",尋回昔日對(duì)生活的熱情。
4.D【解析】根據(jù)and前面的句子可知,此處表示"沒有一件事情她覺得好",所以用nthing。
5.B 【解析】此處用bring表示"令人厭煩的"。
6.A 【解析】根據(jù)下文可知,這場(chǎng)意外改變了她的態(tài)度。attitude "態(tài)度"。
7.D 【解析】事故發(fā)生前一天Kerry拜訪了她的這個(gè)朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。據(jù)此可知,這使得事情幾乎無法應(yīng)對(duì)。
8.C【解析】根據(jù)上文的"it tk a hrrible accident" 可知,此處選C。
9.D 【解析】 Kerry批評(píng)她的朋友對(duì)男朋友的選擇。chice "選擇"。
10.C 【解析】空處所在的句子是定語從句,varius ther things 是先行詞,關(guān)系詞that/which 代替先行詞在從句中作賓語,所以用express"表達(dá)"。
14. C【解析】上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以用but。
15. D 【解析】be critical f 和find fault with是同義短語。
16. D【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知,不挑剔并不意味著忽視問題。ignre "忽視"。
17. B【解析】或者假裝事情比真實(shí)情況要好。
18. A【解析】至少大多數(shù)時(shí)候是這樣的。at least "至少"。
19. B 【解析】a big deal是固定搭配,含義為"重要的事情"。
20. A【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知,要做到這一點(diǎn)需要的是少量的訓(xùn)練。practice "練習(xí),訓(xùn)練"。
Clze 2
【文章大意】本文通過舉例說明這樣一個(gè)道理:各種形式的活動(dòng),如果人們經(jīng)常做,都會(huì)產(chǎn)生厭倦情緒。
1.A 【解析】其實(shí),我們可從各年齡段的人們身上看到這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出現(xiàn)短語As a general rule,本空填principle呼應(yīng)名詞rule。
2.D 【解析】各年齡段的人都會(huì)產(chǎn)生厭倦情緒。從下文可知,孩子厭倦玩具、少年厭倦高中、青年厭倦大學(xué)、成年人厭倦開車、老年人厭倦退休后的生活。因此本空填ages。
3.C 【解析】在圣誕節(jié)早上,孩子們一開始很喜歡玩(playing)他們的新玩具。
4.B 【解析】但是,不久他們對(duì)新玩具的興趣(interest)逐漸消失了。
5.A 【解析】到了一月,同樣的(same)玩具再也不能吸引孩子們了,他們就把那些玩具收起來了。
6.D 【解析】生活中滿是裝滿一半(half-filled)郵票的集郵冊(cè)和沒有完工的模型。后文的"unfinished"是關(guān)鍵信息。
7.B 【解析】這些東西說明很多人曾經(jīng)喜歡某一件事,結(jié)果半途而廢。他們的興趣是短暫的(passing)。故選B。
12.C 【解析】前句中的yung adults暗示下文談?wù)摰氖浅赡耆?。根?jù)文意可知,抱怨每天開車上班花費(fèi)時(shí)間長的人, 應(yīng)該是成年人。
13.B 【解析】而當(dāng)他們剛剛拿到駕照時(shí),他們翹首企盼(eagerly)一次開好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。eagerly"渴望地",符合文意。
14.B 【解析】btain"得到"。這里指考取駕照。
15.D 【解析】在退休前,人們通常計(jì)劃(plan)做很多事情。
16.A 【解析】這些事情是他們上班時(shí)沒有時(shí)間做的大事(great things)。
17.A 【解析】參見上題解析。他們上班太忙了,沒有時(shí)間(time)做這些事情。
18.D 【解析】但是,退休后不久(sn),像打高爾夫、釣魚、閱讀及其他所有的消遣方式都變得沒有意思了。
19.C 【解析】那些消遣方式就像他們剛離開(leave)的工作一樣,非常乏味。
20.B 【解析】這些退休老人遭遇的處境,就像一月的孩子一樣,開始找新玩具(tys),尋求刺激了。
題組二
Clze 1
【文章大意】本文講述了美國人對(duì)于時(shí)間的態(tài)度。
1.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意"時(shí)間就像錢一樣,是可以被節(jié)約或花費(fèi)或浪費(fèi)的東西嗎?",故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)bught表"買",B項(xiàng)ignred表"忽視;不理睬",D項(xiàng)kill表"殺死;消磨(時(shí)間等)"。
2.A 【解析】考查固定短語,have cntrl ver…是固定短語,表"控制……",故選A項(xiàng)。
3.D 【解析】考查連詞。根據(jù)前兩句"Is time the same all ver the wrld? That's an easy questin, yu say. "可知,此處應(yīng)表示地點(diǎn),故選D項(xiàng),wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表"不論在……的地方"。
4.D 【解析】考查固定短語。該空所在的句子用"But"表示轉(zhuǎn)折,此處應(yīng)表示"在美國,時(shí)間并不僅僅是那樣(mre than that)",選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)less than"少于",B項(xiàng)n mre than"不僅僅",C項(xiàng)nt mre than"不超過"。
5.A 【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)句意"美國人把時(shí)間看作是寶貴的資源",故選A項(xiàng)resurce。B項(xiàng)material
"材料",C項(xiàng)surce"來源",D項(xiàng)factr"因素"。
7.C 【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)句意"對(duì)美國人來說,準(zhǔn)時(shí)是表示他們尊重別人時(shí)間的一種方式",故選C項(xiàng)respect。A項(xiàng)preference表"偏好",B項(xiàng)mercy表"仁慈",D項(xiàng)hatred表"憎恨"均不合題意。
8.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。結(jié)合上句,美國人準(zhǔn)時(shí)是尊重別人的時(shí)間,故比約定時(shí)間遲到十分鐘以上就需要道歉或者做出解釋,故選A項(xiàng)calls fr(需要;要求)。B項(xiàng)arise frm表"由……引起",C項(xiàng)makes fr表"有助于,促進(jìn)",D項(xiàng)results frm表"由……引起"。
9.C 【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該空與are running late構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu),位于名詞peple之后,是定語從句。定語從句缺少作主語的指人的引導(dǎo)詞,故用C項(xiàng)wh。
10.D 【解析】考查名詞。結(jié)合句意,那些比預(yù)期晚到的人通常會(huì)提前打電話,為的是告知對(duì)方自己會(huì)耽擱,故選D項(xiàng)delay。A項(xiàng)time"時(shí)間",B項(xiàng)result"結(jié)果",C項(xiàng)explanatin"解釋"。
11.B 【解析】考查介詞短語。結(jié)合下句可知在非正式聚會(huì)時(shí),人們通常會(huì)比預(yù)定時(shí)間遲到三十分鐘,故場(chǎng)合越不正式,準(zhǔn)時(shí)就越不重要,選B項(xiàng)n time。A項(xiàng)in time表"及時(shí)",C項(xiàng)ahead f time表"提前",D項(xiàng)ver time表"經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間"。
12.C 【解析】考查介詞短語。根據(jù)句意可知,該句是對(duì)上句的舉例說明,故選C項(xiàng)fr example"例如"。A項(xiàng)such as"例如",但其后面應(yīng)加名詞或代詞,而不能是一個(gè)句子;B項(xiàng)in a wrd"總之";D項(xiàng)as usual"像往常一樣"。
13.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意,人們?cè)诜钦骄蹠?huì)時(shí)會(huì)比約定的時(shí)間遲長達(dá)三十分鐘的時(shí)間,故選B項(xiàng)appinted,appinted time表"約定的時(shí)間"。 A項(xiàng)"assigned""分配;指派";C項(xiàng)apprved"批準(zhǔn);贊成";D項(xiàng)assessed"評(píng)定"。
14.C 【解析】考查賓語從句。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可知該空是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞;結(jié)合句意,表示美國人尊重別人時(shí)間的程度,故用C項(xiàng)hw much。A項(xiàng)hw many表數(shù)量;B項(xiàng)hw far表距離;D項(xiàng)hw sn表時(shí)間,"多久"。
15.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合下句"nce the time is fixed"可知,人們?cè)谟?jì)劃一件事時(shí),通常會(huì)提前幾天或幾周設(shè)定日期,故用A項(xiàng)set。
16.A 【解析】考查名詞。人們計(jì)劃一件事時(shí),需提前定日期,故一旦時(shí)間定好了,要改變就不容易了,或許要有突發(fā)事件的發(fā)生,選A項(xiàng)emergency。B項(xiàng)pleasure"快樂";C項(xiàng)perid"時(shí)期";D項(xiàng)emtin"情感"。
17.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)生活常識(shí),要去別人家做客,首先應(yīng)打電話問問對(duì)方是否方便,故選D項(xiàng)call。
19.B 【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合句意,人們?cè)谕砩虾芡淼臅r(shí)候給別人打電話也會(huì)猶豫,擔(dān)心對(duì)方或許休息了,表不太肯定的推測(cè)用might。
20.D 【解析】考查固定短語。think twice是固定結(jié)構(gòu),表示"三思"。
Clze 2
【文章大意】文章介紹人際交往中一個(gè)重要的原則——要以誠相待。
1.B 【解析】根據(jù)下文"but the truth is that happy cuples cmmunicate hnestly"可知,真相有很多。truth真相。故選B。
2.A 【解析】根據(jù)下文"cmmunicate hnestly"可知,但是有一個(gè)真正重要的,所有非常好的和健康的關(guān)系共同具備的東西是誠實(shí)。hnesty誠實(shí)。故選A。
3.C 【解析】根據(jù)下文"but the truth is that happy cuples cmmunicate hnestly"是的,當(dāng)然,即使在最好的關(guān)系中也有一些小小的善意的謊言。white lies善意的謊言。故選C。
4.C 【解析】根據(jù)下文"unexpected birthday parties"可知,這里是周年的驚喜或者出乎意料的生日宴會(huì)。anniversary周年。故選C。
5.A 【解析】根據(jù)上文"there are sme little lies"可知,但是事實(shí)是幸福的夫婦會(huì)坦誠溝通,不會(huì)為了保護(hù)他們自己的利益而撒謊。lie撒謊。故選A。
6.D 【解析】根據(jù)下文"One last thing t keep in mind abut cmmunicating penly"可知,那么你怎樣才能在你自己的關(guān)系中進(jìn)行更坦率的交流呢?cmmunicatin交流。故選D。
7.B 【解析】句意:首先要記住即使當(dāng)你的伙伴也許不喜歡你不得不說的內(nèi)容時(shí),誠實(shí)仍然是最上策。when當(dāng)……時(shí)候。故選B。
8.A 【解析】根據(jù)下文"that yu dn't like ne f his friends. "可知,也許告訴你的伙伴你不喜歡他的其中一位朋友有困難。tugh困難的。故選A。
9.D 【解析】根據(jù)下文"make things wrse"可知,但是從長遠(yuǎn)來看,撒謊或者隱瞞事情會(huì)讓事情變得更糟糕。hld back隱瞞。故選D。
10.A 【解析】句意:下一個(gè)要認(rèn)真對(duì)待的是要好好地說你必須要說的。serius abut對(duì)……認(rèn)真。故選A。
11.C 【解析】根據(jù)下文"If yur partner feels ,he will be less t what yu have t say and may even becme defensive. "可知,下一個(gè)要認(rèn)真對(duì)待的是要好好地說你必須要說的。nicely好好地。故選C。
14.B 【解析】句意:在你談到某事之前,徹底地想清楚你想要說的。thrughly完全地,徹底地。故選B。
15.C 【解析】根據(jù)下文"Yu just want them t be f the truth. "可知,你不想侮辱你愛的那個(gè)人。insult侮辱。故選C。
16.B 【解析】句意:你只是想他們知曉真相。aware意識(shí)到。故選B。
17.B 【解析】根據(jù)下文"if yu keep things t yurself,"可知,如果你對(duì)于你也許有的任何不雅的小秘密不坦誠的話,它們可能最終會(huì)出現(xiàn),咬你的后背。secrets故選B。
18.D 【解析】根據(jù)下文"in the backside"可知,它們可能最終會(huì)出現(xiàn),咬你的后背。bite咬。故選D。
19.C 【解析】句意:如果你把事情藏在心底,你的關(guān)系不是建立在事實(shí)之上,而事實(shí)有助于建立堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。make fr導(dǎo)致,有助于,走向。故選C。
20.D 【解析】句意:盡管真相有時(shí)候可能會(huì)不近人情,但是誠實(shí)確實(shí)是最上策。使用as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,表示讓步狀語。故選D。
Clze 3
【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。很多青少年都將名人或明星作為自己的偶像。人們對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象持不同觀點(diǎn)。作者認(rèn)為,作為教師或家長,他們的中心任務(wù)就是要引導(dǎo)青少年正確的向偶像學(xué)習(xí),以正確的態(tài)度對(duì)待成功和失敗。
1.C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。yung年輕的;strng強(qiáng)壯的,結(jié)實(shí)的;ld老的;tall高的。由語境可知,孩子和年輕人都有自己的偶像。他們長大之后想成為像自己偶像那樣的人。故C選項(xiàng)切題。
2.A【解析】考查短語辨析。at first起初;at last最后;at least至少;at mst至多。由后文的"gradually"可知,起初,孩子們會(huì)把自己的父母或親戚作為自己的偶像。故A選項(xiàng)正確。
3.D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。generus慷慨的;humrus幽默的;rdinary普通的;favrite最喜歡的。由語境可知,孩子把親戚作為自己的偶像,由此可以推知,這個(gè)親戚肯定是他最喜歡的。故D選項(xiàng)切題。
4.C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fan迷;singer歌手;star明星,星星;dancer跳舞者,舞蹈演員。由語境可知,逐漸地,孩子的偶像就會(huì)變成名人或明星。故C選項(xiàng)切題。下文第一句中亦有提示。
5.B【解析】考查賓語從句。由語境可知,人們對(duì)于以名人或明星作為偶像是否對(duì)孩子們好持不同觀點(diǎn)。故B選項(xiàng)切題。
7.B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。hld拿,握;encurage鼓勵(lì);receive收到;ignre忽略。由語境可知,父母希望鼓勵(lì)這樣一個(gè)觀念:成功是通過努力獲得的而不是通過迷人的外表獲得的。故B選項(xiàng)切題。
8.B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。luck運(yùn)氣;effrt努力;imaginatin想象力;creativity創(chuàng)造力。該空和前面的hard wrk并列,故B選項(xiàng)切題。成功是通過努力獲得的。B選項(xiàng)切題。
9.C【解析】考查形容詞短語辨析。similar t與……相似;far frm遠(yuǎn)離……;clse t離……近;different frm和……不同。由后文的their parents r family friends可知,大部分人長大之后往往成為和自己離得近的人。故C選項(xiàng)切題。
10.C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。read and write讀寫;sing and dance唱歌跳舞;draw and paint畫畫和繪畫;listen and speak聽和寫。Picass r Van Ggh都是畫家的名字,故可知,喜歡畫畫的孩子希望成為下一個(gè)畢加索或梵高。C選項(xiàng)切題。
11.D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。dance跳舞;think想,認(rèn)為;sing唱;read讀。由后文的"writer"可知,喜歡閱讀的人希望自己成為一名作家。故D選項(xiàng)切題。
12.A【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。may可能,可以;shuld應(yīng)該;must必須;need需要,必要。may well意為"很可能"。一個(gè)喜歡跳舞的人很可能想成為一名著名的舞蹈家。故A選項(xiàng)切題。
13.A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。case情況,案例,病例;truble麻煩;matter事情,問題,物質(zhì);deal協(xié)定,交易,大量。由語境可知,情況并非總是如此。A選項(xiàng)切題。
14.D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。art藝術(shù);music音樂;pian鋼琴;dance舞蹈。很多學(xué)舞蹈的學(xué)生希望成為像他們舞蹈老師那樣的人。故D選項(xiàng)切題。
15.B【解析】考查短語辨析。better than比……好;mre than超過,比……多;rather than 而不是;less than比……少。由語境可知,老師的工作不僅僅只是向?qū)W生傳授知識(shí)。B選項(xiàng)切題。
16.D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。accept接受;lse失去;receive收到;gain獲得。由語境可知,老師應(yīng)該能夠獲得學(xué)生的信任。故D選項(xiàng)切題。
17.B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。negtiate with和……談判,協(xié)商;cmmunicate with和……交流;keep up with 跟上;put up with容忍,忍受。由語境可知,老師應(yīng)該獲得學(xué)生的信任并且和學(xué)生進(jìn)行良好的交流。故B選項(xiàng)切題。
19.D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。take charge f負(fù)責(zé),管理;lse cntrl f失去對(duì)……的控制;get rid f擺脫,除去;make use f利用。由語境可知,舞蹈老師可以利用自己的職位和影響將好的行為介紹給青少年。故D選項(xiàng)切題。
20.A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。intrduce介紹,引入;press按,壓;turn翻轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);push推,逼迫。結(jié)合上一題解析可知,A選項(xiàng)切題。

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