We knw abut the Piraha thanks t Prfessr Dan Everelt, wh spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everelt discvered a wrld withut numbers, withut time, withut wrds fr clrs, withut clauses and withut a past tense. Their language, he fund, was nt just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range f sunds and differed between the sexes. Fr the men, it has just 11 speech sunds; fr the wmen, it has nly 10, the smallest number f speech sunds in the wrld. The language sunds mre like humming than speech. The Piraha can als whistle their language, which is hw men cmmunicate when hunting.
Their culture is similarly cnstrained. The Piraha can’t write, have little cllective memry, and n cncept f decrative art. In 1980 Everelt tried t teach them t cunt, he explained basic cunting skills t an enthusiastic grup fnd f learning them t trade with ther tribes. After eight mnths, nt ne culd cunt t ten; even ne plus ne was beynd them. The experiment seemed t cnfirm Everelt’s thery: the tribe just culdn’t understand the cncept f number.
The Piraha’s inability t cunt is imprtant because it seems t disprve Nam Chmsky’s influential Thery f Universal Grammar, which hlds that the human mind has a natural ability fr language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children t understand abstract (抽象的) cncepts such as number. One f Chmsky’s wrkmates has recently gne n an expeditin (遠征) t study the tribe. We d nt yet knw if the Piraha have persuaded him t change his thery.
1．What’s the Piraha’s majr attractin t researchers?
A．A well-preserved lifestyle.
B．A small existing ppulatin.
C．A unique cmmunicative way.
D．An extremely simple cunting system.
2．What can we learn abut the Piraha accrding t Everelt’ s findings?
A．They use few speech sunds.
B．Wmen speak less than men.
C．Their grammar is cmplicated.
D．They cmmunicate nly by whistling.
3．What des the underlined wrd “cnstrained” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．StrangeB．AttractiveC．LimitedD．Respectable
4．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Findings abut the Piraha help us knw mre abut human mind.
B．The Piraha’s inability t cunt challenges an existing thery f grammar.
C．A researcher is making an explratin t study the Piraha’s cunting ability.
D．Languages have a similar structure s we can understand abstract cncepts.
（2023秋·廣東深圳·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Online dictinaries have becme part f the writing and reading culture. Cnsidering that there are several f them, yu need t knw what dictinary t use in different situatins. The fllwing gives yu a detailed utlk f the best dictinaries n the web, their unique features, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Cllins Dictinary
Featuring ver 4.5 billin wrds, it is ne f the best platfrms fr learners and teachers. Its search engine enables yu t select the wrd by just typing a few letters. Hwever, it desn’t feature urban wrds and that the translatr mde desn’t always give crrect translatins.
Urban Dictinary
Urban dictinary is an nline platfrm where yu can find urban wrds r slang expressins. Althugh it desn’t cme handy fr schlars, it can help yu understand slang r urban wrds yu cme acrss arund the web. Yu smetimes have t d many searches t get desired results.
Oxfrd Dictinary
Knwn as the best tl fr students and learners, it helps define wrds bth in British and American English. Fr clearer understanding, Oxfrd dictinary ffers pictures, example sentences, and audi prnunciatin, amng thers. It is the ideal (最合適的) dictinary t use when writing a research paper, but is smetimes criticized fr cmplex wrd definitins.
Cambridge Dictinary
This dictinary is anther highly respected nline dictinary fr fficial and academic purpses. It has three utstanding features which are dictinary, grammar, and translatr. The dictinary supprts translatin fr ver 20 languages. Smetimes yu may meet lts f infrmatin that might make it hard t get desired results.
5．What makes users dissatisfied with Cllins Dictinary?
A．Outdated wrds.B．A small vcabulary.
C．Frequent searches.D．Sme bad translatins.
6．Which dictinary features slangs?
A．Cllins Dictinary.B．Urban Dictinary.
C．Oxfrd Dictinary.D．Cambridge Dictinary.
7．What d Oxfrd Dictinary and Cambridge Dictinary have in cmmn?
A．They present a lt f pictures.B．They prvide varius translatins.
C．They define wrds in a cmplex way.D．They are useful fr research purpses.
（2023秋·貴州黔西·高一統(tǒng)考期末）A year ag, I paid n attentin t English idims (習語), thugh my teacher stressed the imprtance again and again. But sn, the imprtance f English idims was shwn in an amusing experience.
One day, I happened t meet an Englishman n the rad, and sn we began t talk. As I was talking abut hw I was studying English, the freigner seemed t be astnished.
Gently shaking his head, shrugging his shulders, he said, “Yu dn’t say!” I was puzzled. I thught, perhaps this is nt an apprpriate tpic. “Well, I’d better change the tpic.” S I said t him. “Well, shall we talk abut the Great Wall? By the way, have yu ever been there?” “Certainly, everyne back hme will laugh at me if I leave China withut seeing it. It was magnificent.” He was deep in thught when I began t talk like a turist guide. “The Great Wall is ne f the wnders in the wrld. We are very prud f it.” Sn I was interrupted again by his wrds: “Yu dn’t say!”. I culdn’t help asking, “Why d yu ask me nt t talk abut it?”
“Well, I didn’t request yu t d s,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn’t yu say ‘yu dn’t say’?” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed t tears. He began t explain, “‘Yu dn’t say!’ actually means ‘Really!’. It is an expressin f surprise. Perhaps yu dn’t pay attentin t English idims.”
Only then did I realize I had made a fl f mysell. Since then I have been mre careful with idimatic expressins. Remember: What the English teachers said is always right t us students.
8．A year ag, I paid n attentin t English idims because________.
A．English idims were nt imprtant
B．my teacher didn’t emphasize the imprtance f them
C．I had n interest in them
D．I didn’t realize the imprtance f English idims
9．What can we infer frm the secnd paragraph?
A．The Englishman left China withut seeing the Great Wall.
B．The Englishman thught the Great Wall is wrth visiting.
C．The Englishman wanted t see the Great Wall after I talked abut it.
D．The Englishman wanted me t act as his guide.
10．At first, n hearing “Yu dn’t say!” I thught the freigner meant ________.
A．he was nly interested in the Great Wall
B．he was nt interested in the tpic
C．I had talked t much
D．I had t stp talking
11．After the Englishman explained the idim, ________.
A．I felt very flish
B．I thught the Englishman had made me a fl
C．the Englishman became a real fl
D．I became mre carefully in everything
（2023秋·廣西河池·高一統(tǒng)考期末）In Ireland, where I am studying fr a PhD in immunlgy (免疫學) at Trinity Cllege Dublin, we have tw fficial languages. Irish is the first and natinal language, English the secnd. I grew up speaking Irish in a small pcket f Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, Cunty Kerry, where the language is still relatively cmmn. Much t my surprise, I have fund a practical use fr it during my PhD prgramme.
In December last year, I was cntacted by prducers at the natinal Irish-language radi statin. They wanted t knw whether I wuld be interested in jining a current-affairs discussin, and highlighted the difficulty f finding peple with a strng backgrund in immunlgy wh spke Irish fluently.
I have since been a guest n the shw several times. It wasn’t until I was asked t d the radi prgramme that I realized hw imprtant it is t have smene wh can speak Irish and cmmunicate effectively. I began t see a benefit in having a platfrm fr talking abut the science that I lve, while getting the chance t cnvey (傳達) imprtant infrmatin t peple wh might nt therwise have access t it in English.
Nt nly has Irish been useful fr engagement in a brader sense, but it has als directly helped me with my PhD prgramme.
T mve beynd science and cmmunicate with the public, researchers must be able t speak the language f ur audience — which is nt always English. Science needs t reflect the linguistic diversity (語言多樣性) f the general ppulatin. Having peple at all levels f academia (學術界) wh speak multiple languages, including Irish and ther minrity languages, is imprtant in bringing science t the masses and can benefit ur scientific effrts.
12．What can we knw abut Cunty Kerry?
A．The authr is studying fr a PhD there.B．The authr stays there mst f the time.
C．Many peple speak Irish there.D．Irish is the fficial language there.
13．Why did a radi statin cntact the authr?
A．It wanted him t participate in a prgramme.B．It wanted t find a persn speaking Irish.
C．It wanted him t intrduce immunlgy.D．It wanted him t attract mre Irish peple.
14．What shuld researchers d t talk t the public?
A．Mve beynd science.B．Speak Irish fluently.
C．Knw English very well.D．Speak the public’s languages.
15．What des the authr intend t shw by writing the text?
A．Studying immunlgy is very meaningful.
B．Speaking English fluently is very imprtant.
C．Being fluent in a secnd language bsts research.
D．The experience in radi prgramme is unfrgettable.
（2023秋·河北保定·高一統(tǒng)考期末）An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 f the wrld’s 7,000 recgnized languages might n lnger be spken by the end f this century.
The research, published Friday in the jurnal Nature Eclgy and Evlutin, details a wide range f factrs (因素) putting endangered languages under pressure.
Australian researchers have fund that as rads increasingly cnnect cities t mre remte areas arund the wrld, native languages can be replaced by their mre majr cunterparts (對手), such as English.
The study als claims that majr languages have been fund t take the place f thse spken by smaller grups.
Experts have said Australia’s recrd is pr, and the cuntry has ne f wrld’s highest rates f language lss wrldwide.
Befre Eurpean clnizatin (殖民地化), mre than 250 First Natins languages were spken in Australia. Tday, there are just 40, and nly a dzen is being taught t children.
“This has been an n-ging prcess thrugh clnizatin and glbalizatin,” said the University f Queensland’s prfessr Felicity Meakins, ne f the study’s c-authrs. “S, we d nt want t frget, f curse, in all f this that individual speech cmmunities have their wn histries and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result f cruel clnial plicies, which have been designed t suppress (壓制) languages. S, fr instance, in Australia peple were punished fr speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”
Researchers have said that as the wrld prepares fr the United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin, UNESCO, Decade f Native Language in 2022，their findings were a “vital reminder” that mre actin is needed t save at risk languages.
They have said that every language is “brilliant in its wn way” and a critical part f “ur human cultural diversity.”
16．Hw many living languages are there in the wrld?
A．7000.B．5500.C．1500.D．250.
17．Accrding t text, what leads t the disappearance f sme native languages?
A．Many languages are n lnger spken.
B．Sme native languages are spken by smaller grups.
C．Clnizatin and glbalizatin put them at risk.
D．Peple are nt willing t save at- risk languages.
18．What’s the present language situatin in Australia?
A．Mre than 250 First Natins languages are spken in Australia
B．Australia suffers frm ne f the mst language lsses in the wrld.
C．Only tw languages are being taught in Australia
D．40 languages are at risk in Australia
19．What is the best title f the text?
A．An Australian-led Research Was Published Friday
B．English Will Put Many Native Languages at Risk
C．Every Language Is Brilliant in Its Own Way
D．Australian Researchers Warn f Many Languages Endangered
（2023秋·云南昆明·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Language is a bridge that cnnects peple. April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Natins. On this day, peple arund the wrld celebrate the Chinese language. We invited tw Chinese learners t share their stries.
Alex Tani, UK, said that at the age f 13, he started taking Mandarin(普通話) classes at schl. “It was a subject that culd make the classrm deadly silent because hw difficult it was t learn. But when I arrived in China in March, 2021, I fund that learning the language culd be enjyable.” He added, “After I mved t Beijing, I lived with the lcals. As a language lver, I wuld try t chat with them in Chinese, sharing details abut ur daily lives. Smetimes we wuld als gt t KTV tgether, where the learning tk place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began t click. This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself.”
Jennifer Hlstein, a girl frm US, tld us, “Since I started learning Chinese at the age f 5, it has been part f my life. At the beginning, it was challenging. After six years f learning, I culd nt put a sentence tgether crrectly. But I never gave up. T imprve my Mandarin, I mved t Bejing and tk part in a special language prgram in a high schl. The schl day was busy. Each mrning we gt up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternn. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. When I had a gd cmmand f the language, pprtunities started presenting everywhere. And I knw my effrt was wrth it.”
20．What is the purpse f Chinese Language Day in the United Natins?
A．T cnnect peple arund the wrld.
B．T slve the language prblems effectively.
C．T have a celebratin fr the Chinese language.
D．T inspire Chinese learners t share their experience.
21．What des the underlined wrd “cnveying” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Warning.B．Lsing.C．Dressing.D．Expressing.
22．What can we knw abut tw Chinese learners?
A．Bth f the Chinese learners are frm UK.
B．The language envirnment is imprtant fr them.
C．Alex Tani learned Chinese in a special language prgram.
D．Jennifer Hlstein started learning Chinese at the age f 13.
23．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Chances Are fr Preparing Persns.
B．Singing Is Gd fr Chinese Learning.
C．Learning Chinese Benefits Peple a Lt.
D．Cmmunicatin Helps t Explre the United Natins.
（2023秋·江蘇南通·高一統(tǒng)考期末）As yu prbably knw, leaning a freign language is smetimes challenging. But it can als be fun. We spend hundreds f hurs at schl trying t get ur tngues rund different vcabulary and grammar in rder t cam a qualificatin. But learning t speak a secnd language is mre than just passing an exam-it pens drs t new pprtunities, helps yu t cmmunicate with thers and makes travelling verseas mre satisfactry.
It might cme as a surprise that the number f teenagers learning freign languages in UK secndary schls has drpped by 45% since the turn f the millennium. German and French have fallen the mst—these languages frm tw f the UK’s clsest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Anther survey f secndary schls suggests a third f students have drpped at least ne language frm their GCSE exam ptins. There are sme reasns fr this, including many students` pinin that languages are difficult. Others have questined the need fr a secnd language when translatin technlgy is advancing.
Matthew Fell, chief UK plicy directr fr business grup the CBI, believes that “The decline in language learning in schls must be reversed, r else the UK will be less cmpetitive glbally and yung peple less prepared fr the mdem wrld. ”But even fr thse wh are eager t study anther language, the pprtunity is being reduced. In Sctland, fr example, freign language subjects are being pressed ut f many secndary schl timetables with sme head teachers blaming pressure n the curriculum.
Hwever, sme native English speakers have admitted the benefits f speaking anther tngue. Cassandra Sctt, frm Edinburgh, studied three languages in her final year at schl. She is nw a freelance translatr in Edinburgh, and says “Learning languages at schl really set the curse fr my career.”
24．Hw des the authr shw the fact that fewer peple have learned freign languages?
A．By shwing persnal research.B．By giving specific examples.
C．By analyzing underlying reasns.D．By ffering backgrund infrmatin.
25．What des the underlined wrd “reversed” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Develped rapidly.B．Pushed quickly.
C．Changed cmpletely.D．Maintained prperly.
26．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．A satisfactry verseas travel requires anther freign language.
B．Leaning languages at schl may cntribute t ne’s future career.
C．Native English speakers benefit mre frm speaking anther tngue.
D．With the translatin technlgy, there’s n need t lean freign languages.
27．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T criticize peple’s ignrance f freign languages.
B．T stress the significance f learning freign languages.
C．T shw the result f drpping learning freign languages.
D．T raise peple’s awareness f prtecting native languages.
（2023秋·廣東肇慶·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; hwever, it seems t be especially difficult t master a freign tngue as we age.
When we are grwing up, we are building a language system in ur mind, which allws us t cmmunicate freely. If we start a new language after yuth, hwever, we are adding a new set f rules t ur mind. That is why we find it difficult t learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are nt yung any mre. Why is it easier fr kids t learn a new language? Children are relatively mre active, pen-minded and their language system is nt fixed, meaning it is less wrk fr them t pick up new things.
The gd news is that learning a language isn’t really that hard if yu’re pening yur mind. But it des take hard wrk and mtivatin t achieve yur gals.
It’s imprtant t remember what yu’re actually learning is hw t cmmunicate in a new way with ther human beings. If yu ften share yur daily experience with thers in that language, what yu’re learning is related t yu. Fr example, if I’m learning Italian, I wuld never remember hw t say “Dve e la bibliteca?” r “Where is the library?” but I will always remember hw t say “Ti piace il caffe?” r “D yu like sme cffee?”
In additin, TV shws, films and vide games in freign languages are all great frms f entertainment fr learning a new language. Anything that relates yu t the language and culture is great, s lng as yu find it enjyable.
Adding a single new wrd t yur vcabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The rad t fluency can be hard, but the view alng the way is really amazing, s it’s OK if yu are driving slwly.
28．What affects language learning accrding t the first tw paragraphs?
A．Mney.B．Age.C．Mind.D．Wrk.
29．What can we infer abut language learning frm paragraph 2?
A．Adults can pick up new things quickly.
B．Children have a fixed language system.
C．Adults find the new rules easy t remember.
D．Children utrun adults in language learning.
30．What is helpful fr learning a language accrding t paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．Using it in daily life.B．Playing vide games.
C．Ging t the library.D．Taking dwn its rules.
31．What may be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw t Build up Yur Vcabulary?
B．Language Learning: Chance r Challenge?
C．Why d Children Learn Faster Than Adults?
D．Is It t Late t Master a Freign Language?
參考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了皮拉哈人的語言特點，皮拉哈人幾乎沒有數(shù)字語言，挑戰(zhàn)了現(xiàn)有語法理論。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The Piraha, wh cmmunicate mainly thrugh sunds and whistles, have fascinated scientists fr years, mainly because they have almst n wrds fr numbers. They use nly three wrds t cunt ne, tw, and many. (皮拉哈人主要通過聲音和口哨聲進行交流，多年來一直吸引著科學家，主要是因為他們幾乎沒有數(shù)字語言。他們只用三個詞來數(shù)一、二和許多。)”可知皮拉哈人幾乎沒有數(shù)字語言，即計數(shù)體系非常簡單，對研究人員很有吸引力，故選D。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Everelt discvered a wrld withut numbers, withut time, withut wrds fr clrs, withut clauses and withut a past tense. Their language, he fund, was nt just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range f sunds and differed between the sexes. Fr the men, it has just 11 speech sunds; fr the wmen, it has nly 10, the smallest number f speech sunds in the wrld. (埃弗雷特發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個沒有數(shù)字、沒有時間、沒有顏色、沒有從句、沒有過去時的世界。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們的語言不僅語法簡單；它的聲音范圍有限，而且在兩性之間也有所不同。對于男性來說，它只有11個語音；對于女性來說，它只有10個發(fā)音，是世界上最少的。) ” 根據(jù)埃弗雷特的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可知皮拉哈人很少使用語音。故選A。
3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“The Piraha can’t write, have little cllective memry, and n cncept f decrative art. (皮拉哈人不會寫字，沒有什么集體記憶，也沒有裝飾藝術的概念。)”可知劃線句意思是他們的文化同樣受到限制。所以cnstrained意為“受限的”，和limited同義，故選C。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“The Piraha’s inability t cunt is imprtant because it seems t disprve Nam Chmsky’s influential Thery f Universal Grammar, which hlds that the human mind has a natural ability fr language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children t understand abstract (抽象的) cncepts such as number. (皮拉哈人不會數(shù)數(shù)是很重要的，因為它似乎反駁了諾姆·喬姆斯基（Nam Chmsky）頗有影響力的普遍語法理論。該理論認為，人類的大腦有一種天生的語言能力，所有的語言都有一個基本的規(guī)則結構，這使得孩子們能夠理解抽象的概念，比如數(shù)字。)”可推斷出皮拉哈人不會數(shù)數(shù)挑戰(zhàn)了現(xiàn)有的語法理論。故選B。
5．D 6．B 7．D
【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了網(wǎng)絡上最好的詞典，它們的獨特之處以及它們的優(yōu)缺點。
5．細節(jié)理解題。Cllins Dictinary部分提到“Hwever, it desn’t feature urban wrds and that the translatr mde desn’t always give crrect translatins.”（然而，它并不以城市詞為特征，譯者模式并不總是給出正確的翻譯。）由此判斷，因為柯林斯詞典一些不正確的翻譯，因此可能導致用戶有意見。故選D。
6．細節(jié)理解題。Urban Dictinary部分提到“Althugh it desn’t cme handy fr schlars, it can help yu understand slang r urban wrds yu cme acrss arund the web.”（雖然它對學者來說不方便，但它可以幫助你理解你在網(wǎng)上遇到的俚語或城市詞匯。）由此判斷，城市詞典可以進行俚語的查詢。故選B。
7．推理判斷題。Oxfrd Dictinary部分提到“It is the ideal (最合適的) dictinary t use when writing a research paper, but is smetimes criticized fr cmplex wrd definitins.”（它是撰寫研究論文時使用的理想詞典，但有時因復雜的單詞定義而受到批評。）Cambridge Dictinary部分提到“This dictinary is anther highly respected nline dictinary fr fficial and academic purpses. ”（這本詞典是另一本備受推崇的官方和學術在線詞典。）由此判斷，這兩個詞典它們對研究很有用。故選D。
8．D 9．B 10．B 11．A
【導語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述盡管老師一再強調(diào)英語中習語的重要性，但作者并不在意，直到有一天作者與一位英國人聊天時，產(chǎn)生了語言理解上的誤解。這才使作者明白習語的重要性。
8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“A year ag, I paid n attentin t English idims (習語), thugh my teacher stressed the imprtance again and again. But sn, the imprtance f English idims was shwn in an amusing experience. (一年前，我不注意英語成語，盡管我的老師一再強調(diào)它的重要性。但很快，英語習語的重要性在一次有趣的經(jīng)歷中得到了體現(xiàn))”可知，一年前“我”不注意英語習語，是因為“我”沒有意識到它的重要性。故選D。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中那個英國人說的話“It was magnificent.(它非常宏偉)”以及聽“我”介紹長城時他說的“Yu dn’t say!(真的)”可知，他認為長城值得一游。故選B。
10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“I was puzzled. I thught, perhaps this is nt an apprpriate tpic.(我很困惑。我想，也許這不是一個合適的話題)”可知，一開始聽到那個英國人說“Yu dn’t say!”時“我”以為他對這個話題不感興趣，故選B。
11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Only then did I realize I had made a fl f myself.(直到那時，我才意識到自己出了洋相)”可知，聽完那個英國人的解釋，“我”感覺自己出丑了。故選A。
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C
【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者會講愛爾蘭語，這一點對他的研究來說起著非常重要的作用，他用自己的經(jīng)歷告訴我們，作為一名學者，懂得多門語言是非常重要的。
12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“I grew up speaking Irish in a small pcket f Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, Cunty Kerry, where the language is still relatively cmmn.(我是在愛爾蘭凱里郡的巴林斯凱利斯的一個小地方說愛爾蘭語長大的，在那里這種語言仍然相對普遍)”可知，在Kerry許多人講愛爾蘭語。故選C。
13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“They wanted t knw whether I wuld be interested in jining a current-affairs discussin, and highlighted the difficulty f finding peple with a strng backgrund in immunlgy wh spke Irish fluently.(他們想知道我是否有興趣參加一個時事討論，并強調(diào)很難找到一個有著強大免疫學背景、能說流利愛爾蘭語的人)”可知，這個愛爾蘭語廣播聯(lián)系作者的目的是想知道作者是否有興趣參加時事討論。故選A。
14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“T mve beynd science and cmmunicate with the public, researchers must be able t speak the language f ur audience — which is nt always English.(為了超越科學并與公眾交流，科學家必須能夠說我們讀者的語言——這并不總是英語)”可知，研究人員應該說大眾的語言才能與公眾對話。故選D。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Having peple at all levels f academia (學術界) wh speak multiple languages, including Irish and ther minrity languages, is imprtant in bringing science t the masses and can benefit ur scientific effrts.(擁有會說多種語言的各級學術界人士，包括愛爾蘭語和其他少數(shù)民族語言，對于將科學帶給大眾，有利于我們的科學努力，是非常重要的)”再結合作者的經(jīng)歷，可推知，作者寫這篇文章想要表達流利的第二語言可以促進科研者的研究。故選C。
16．A 17．C 18．B 19．D
【導語】這是一篇說明文。一項由澳大利亞主導的研究警告說，到本世紀末，世界上7000種公認語言中有1500種可能不再被使用。文章分析了導致本土語言消失原因以及語言多樣性的重要性。
16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 f the wrld’s 7,000 recgnized languages might n lnger be spken by the end f this century.(一項由澳大利亞主導的研究警告說，到本世紀末，世界上7000種公認語言中有1500種可能不再被使用)”可知，世界上現(xiàn)存的語言7000種。故選A。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段““This has been an n-ging prcess thrugh clnizatin and glbalizatin,” said the University f Queensland’s prfessr Felicity Meakins, ne f the study’s c-authrs. “S, we d nt want t frget, f curse, in all f this that individual speech cmmunities have their wn histries and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result f cruel clnial plicies, which have been designed t suppress (壓制) languages. S, fr instance, in Australia peple were punished fr speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”( 該研究的合著者之一、昆士蘭大學教授Felicity Meakins說：“這是一個持續(xù)的過程，經(jīng)歷了殖民和全球化。”“因此，我們當然不想忘記，在所有這一切中，每個語言社區(qū)都有自己的歷史和經(jīng)歷，在包括澳大利亞在內(nèi)的許多地方，由于殘酷的殖民政策，語言被壓制，這些政策旨在壓制語言。例如，在澳大利亞，人們因為說他們的語言而受到懲罰，這些經(jīng)歷真的很痛苦。”)”可知，殖民化和全球化使本土語言處于危險之中。故選C。
18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Experts have said Australia’s recrd is pr, and the cuntry has ne f wrld’s highest rates f language lss wrldwide.(專家表示，澳大利亞的記錄很差，該國是世界上語言失失率最高的國家之一)”可知，澳大利亞目前是世界上語言流失最多的國家之一。故選B。
19．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 f the wrld’s 7,000 recgnized languages might n lnger be spken by the end f this century.(一項由澳大利亞主導的研究警告說，到本世紀末，世界上7000種公認語言中有1500種可能不再被使用)”結合文章分析了導致本土語言消失原因以及語言多樣性的重要性?？芍?，D選項“澳大利亞研究人員警告許多語言瀕臨滅絕”最符合文章主旨，為最佳標題。故選D。
20．C 21．D 22．B 23．C
【導語】本文是新聞報道。文章主要介紹在4月20日聯(lián)合國中文日這一天，兩位漢語學習者分享了他們學習漢語的故事，表明學習漢語有很多好處。
20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Natins. On this day, peple arund the wrld celebrate the Chinese language. (4月20日是聯(lián)合國中文日。在這一天，世界各地的人們都在慶祝漢語。)”可知，制定聯(lián)合國中文日是為了慶祝漢語。故選C。
21．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“After I mved t Beijing, I lived with the lcals. As a language lver, I wuld try t chat with them in Chinese, sharing details abut ur daily lives. Smetimes we wuld als gt t KTV tgether, where the learning tk place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began t click. This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和當?shù)厝俗≡谝黄?。作為一名語言愛好者，我會試著用中文和他們聊天，分享我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹募毠?jié)。有時我們還會一起去KTV，在那里學習。當我和以漢語為母語的人一起唱歌時，歌聲響起。這是一個我可以沉浸在中國語言和文化中的環(huán)境，同時也是在cnveying自己。)”可知，這里是描述作者和當?shù)厝擞脻h語交流，所以cnveying的意思應該是“表達”，和選項D意思一致。故選D。
22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“After I mved t Beijing, I lived with the lcals. As a language lver, I wuld try t chat with them in Chinese, sharing details abut ur daily lives. Smetimes we wuld als gt t KTV tgether, where the learning tk place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began t click. This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和當?shù)厝俗≡谝黄?。作為一名語言愛好者，我會試著用中文和他們聊天，分享我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹募毠?jié)。有時我們還會一起去KTV，在那里學習。當我和以漢語為母語的人一起唱歌時，歌聲響起。這是一個我可以沉浸在中國語言和文化中的環(huán)境，同時也是在表達我自己。)”和第三段“T imprve my Mandarin, I mved t Bejing and tk part in a special language prgram in a high schl. The schl day was busy. Each mrning we gt up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternn. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. (為了提高我的普通話，我搬到了北京，參加了一所高中的一個特殊語言項目。學校一天很忙。每天早上我們6:30起床，下午5點15結束上課。我們參加了聽、說、讀和寫課程。甚至體育課和音樂課都用普通話授課。漸漸地，我的普通話學得很好。)”可知，語言學習環(huán)境很重要。故選B。
23．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself. (這是一個我可以沉浸在中國語言和文化中的環(huán)境，同時也是在表達我自己。)”和第三段“When I had a gd cmmand f the language, pprtunities started presenting everywhere. And I knw my effrt was wrth it. (當我掌握了很好的語言后，機會開始無處不在。我知道我的努力是值得的。)”可知，這篇文章利用兩個例子來表明學習漢語有很多好處。故選C。
24．B 25．C 26．C 27．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章針對學外語的人數(shù)下降，強調(diào)學習外語的重要性。
24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“It might cme as a surprise that the number f teenagers learning freign languages in UK secndary schls has drpped by 45% since the turn f the millennium. German and French have fallen the mst—these languages frm tw f the UK’s clsest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Anther survey f secndary schls suggests a third f students have drpped at least ne language frm their GCSE exam ptins.（自世紀之交以來，在英國中學學習外語的青少年人數(shù)下降了45%，這可能會讓人感到驚訝。德語和法語的下降幅度最大——這兩門來自英國最親密貿(mào)易伙伴的語言在普通中等教育證書水平上都有所下降。另一項針對中學的調(diào)查顯示，三分之一的學生在GCSE考試中至少放棄了一門語言。）”可知，作者通過“舉例”說明學習外語的人越來越少的事實。故選B。
25．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“r else the UK will be less cmpetitive glbally and yung peple less prepared fr the mdem wrld.（否則，英國在全球的競爭力就會下降，并且年輕人也不會為現(xiàn)代世界做好準備。）”可知，劃線詞的意思是目前狀況（學習外語的人越來越少）要“徹底改變”。故選C。
26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hwever, sme native English speakers have admitted the benefits f speaking anther tngue.（然而，一些以英語為母語的人承認從說另一種語言中受益良多。）”可知，從本文獲知“以英語為母語的人從說另一種語言中獲益更多?！惫蔬xC。
27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“But learning t speak a secnd language is mre than just passing an exam-it pens drs t new pprtunities, helps yu t cmmunicate with thers and makes travelling verseas mre satisfactry.（但是學習說第二語言不僅僅是通過考試——它為你打開了通往新機會的大門，幫助你與他人交流，讓你在海外旅行更加滿意。）”可知，本文目的是為了強調(diào)學習外語的重要性。故選B。
28．B 29．D 30．A 31．D
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了成年人學習新語言困難的原因，并就成年人如何學習新語言提出了建議。
28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; hwever, it seems t be especially difficult t master a freign tngue as we age.”（學習一門新語言在任何年齡都是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)；然而，隨著年齡的增長，掌握一門外語似乎變得尤為困難）和第二段的前三句“When we are grwing up, we are building a language system in ur mind, which allws us t cmmunicate freely. If we start a new language after yuth, hwever, we are adding a new set f rules t ur mind. That is why we find it difficult t learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are nt yung any mre.”（當我們長大的時候，我們在腦海中建立了一個語言系統(tǒng)，使我們能夠自由地交流。然而，如果我們在年輕后開始學習一門新語言，我們就會在我們的頭腦中添加一套新的規(guī)則。這就是為什么我們發(fā)現(xiàn)學習一門新語言很難的原因——當我們不再年輕的時候，我們還在建立一個新的語言系統(tǒng)）可知，年齡會影響語言的學習。故選B項。
29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第二段“When we are grwing up, we are building a language system in ur mind, which allws us t cmmunicate freely. If we start a new language after yuth, hwever, we are adding a new set f rules t ur mind. That is why we find it difficult t learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are nt yung any mre. Why is it easier fr kids t learn a new language? Children are relatively mre active, pen-minded and their language system is nt fixed, meaning it is less wrk fr them t pick up new things.”（當我們長大的時候，我們在腦海中建立了一個語言系統(tǒng)，使我們能夠自由地交流。然而，如果我們在年輕后開始學習一門新語言，我們就會在我們的頭腦中添加一套新的規(guī)則。這就是為什么我們發(fā)現(xiàn)學習一門新語言很難的原因——當我們不再年輕的時候，我們正在建立一個新的語言系統(tǒng)。為什么孩子們更容易學習一門新語言? 孩子們相對更活躍，思想更開放，他們的語言系統(tǒng)也不是固定的，這意味著他們學習新事物的工作量更少）可知，成年人學習一門新語言很難，而孩子學習一門新語言就比較容易。由此可推論出，在學習語言方面，孩子是勝過成年人的。故選D項。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“If yu ften share yur daily experience with thers in that language, what yu’re learning is related t yu.”（如果你經(jīng)常用那種語言和別人分享你的日常經(jīng)歷，那么你所學的東西就是和你有關的。）和第五段“In additin, TV shws, films and vide games in freign languages are all great frms f entertainment fr learning a new language. Anything that relates yu t the language and culture is great, s lng as yu find it enjyable.”（此外，外語電視節(jié)目、電影和電子游戲都是學習一門新語言的很好的娛樂形式。只要你覺得有趣，任何與語言和文化相關的事情都很好）可知，在日常生活中使用所學習的語言，這對學習語言有幫助。故選A項。
31．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段中“Adding a single new wrd t yur vcabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The rad t fluency can be hard, but the view alng the way is really amazing, s it’s OK if yu are driving slwly.”（通往流暢的道路可能很艱難，但是沿途的景色真的很美，所以如果你開得很慢也沒關系。）可知，文章分析了成年人學習新語言困難的原因，并就成年人如何學習新語言提出了建議，作者指出成年人學習語言，通往流利的道路可能很難，但沿途的景色真的很迷人，所以如果你學得慢一點也沒關系，并且永遠也不會晚。所以用D項“Is It t Late t Master a Freign Language? (掌握一門外語是否為時已晚？)”作為本文的題目與文章主題相符合。故選D項。

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